How to calculate water warm floor? How to make the length of the pipe length for a warm floor Maximum high-arm track length
The main argument in favor of the "Warm floor" system is an increased comfort of a person's stay indoors when the entire surface of the floor is as a heating instrument. The air indoors warm upwards, while at the floor surface it is somewhat warmer than at an altitude of 2-2.5 m.
In some cases (for example, when heating shopping complexes, pools, sports halls, hospitals), outdoor heating is most preferred.
The disadvantages of floor heating systems are relatively high, compared with radiator, the cost of equipment, as well as increased requirements for technical literacy of the installers and the quality of their work. When using high-quality materials and compliance with the technology of installation of a competently designed system of water outdoor heating, problems occur during its subsequent operation.
The heating boiler works on radiators in 80/60 ° C mode. How to connect "warm floor"?
To obtain the calculated temperature (as a rule, no higher than 55 ° C) and a given flow rate of the coolant in the "warm floors" circuit uses pump-mixing nodes. They form a separate circulating low-temperature outline, which mixes the hot heat carrier from the primary contour. The amount of sheltered coolant can be installed as manually (if the temperature and flow rate in the primary circuit is constant) and automatically using thermostators. Fully implement all the advantages of the "warm floor" allow pumping and mixing nodes with weather compensation, in which the temperature of the coolant supplied to the low-temperature circuit is adjusted depending on the outdoor temperature.
Is it allowed to connect the "warm floor" to the central heating system or a 27th residential building?
It depends on local legislation. For example, in Moscow, a heated flooring device from general water supply and heating systems is excluded from the list of permitted types of re-equipment (Resolution of the Government of Moscow No. 73-PP dated February 8, 2005). In a number of regions, interdepartmental commissions decisive approval on the installation of the "Warm floor" system require additional examination and settlement confirmation that the heap flooring device will not lead to a violation of general engineering systems (see "Rules and regulations of the technical operation of housing Fund ", paragraph 1.7.2).
From a technical point of view, the connection of the "warm floor" to the central heating system is possible under the condition of the device of a separate pump-mixing unit with the restriction of the pressure of the coolant returned to the house system. In addition, in the presence of an individual thermal point, equipped with an elevator (inkjet pump), the use of plastic and metal-plastic pipes in heating systems is not allowed.
What material is better to use as an outdoor coating in the "Warm floor" system? Is it possible to use floors from parquet?
The effect of the "warm floor" is felt at floor coatings from materials with a high thermal conductivity coefficient (ceramic tile, concrete, bulk floors, homeless linoleum, laminate, etc.). In the case of the use of carpet, it must have a "suitability sign" for use on the warm base. Other synthetic coatings (linoleum, relin, laminated plates, plastic, PVV tile, etc.) must have a "sign of lack of" toxic discharge at elevated base temperature.
Parquet, parquet shields and boards can also be used as a "warm floor" coating, but the surface temperature should not exceed 26 ° C. In addition, a safety thermostat must be included in the mixing node. The moisture content of floor coating materials from natural wood should not exceed 9%. Work on the laying of parquet or handrails is allowed only at a room in a room not lower than 18 ° C and 40-50 percent humidity.
What should be the temperature on the surface of the "warm floor"?
Requirements Snip 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" (clause 6.5.12) relative to the temperature of the "warm floor" surface are shown in the table. It should be noted that foreign regulatory documents allow several large surface temperature values. This must be taken into account when using the calculated programs developed on their basis.
What length can be the pipes of the "warm floor" circuit?
The length of one loop of the warm floor dictates the power of the pump. If we talk about polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes, it is economically advisable that the pipe loop length with an outer diameter of 16 mm does not exceed 100 m, and with a diameter of 20 mm - 120 m. It is also desirable that the hydraulic pressure losses in the loop do not exceed 20 kPa. An estimated area occupied by one loop, subject to these conditions is about 15 m2. For larger areas, collector systems are used, while it is desirable that the loop length attached to one collector was approximately the same.
What should be the thickness of the heat-insulating layer under the pipes of "warm sex"?
The thickness of thermal insulation that limits the heat loss from the heating floor pipes in the direction of "down" should be determined by the calculation and largely depends on the air temperature in the calculated room and the temperature in the underlying room (or soil). In most Western calculated heat loss programs "down" are accepted in the amount of 10% of the total heat flux. If the air temperature in the estimated and the underlying room is the same, then this relation satisfies the polystyrene layer with a thickness of 25 mm with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.035 W / (MOC).
What pipes are better to use for a warm floor system?
Pipes for a warm floor device must have the following properties: flexibility allowing to curb the pipe with a minimum radius to ensure the required laying step; ability to maintain a form; low resistance coefficient of heat carrier movement to reduce the power of pumping equipment; durability and corrosion resistance, since access to pipes during operation is difficult; Oxygen-resistant (like any pipeline of the heating system). In addition, the pipe should be easily processed by a simple tool and have an acceptable price.
The "warm floor" systems from polyethylene (PEX-EVOH-PEX), metal-plastic and copper pipes obtained the greatest distribution. Polyethylene pipes are less convenient in operation, since they do not preserve the attached shape, and when heated, strive to straighten ("memory effect"). Copper pipes when depressing in the screed must have a coating polymer layer to avoid an alkaline effect, and this material is quite expensive. The most fully satisfied with the requirements of metalplastic pipes.
Do you need to use a plasticizer when pouring a "warm floor"?
The use of a plasticizer allows you to make a screed more dense, without air inclusions, which significantly reduces thermal losses and increases the strength of the screed. However, not all plasticizers are suitable for this purpose: most of the construction used in construction are air-dye, and their use, on the contrary, will lead to a decrease in the strength and thermal conductivity of the screed. Special inhaughti plasticizers based on fine flakes of mineral materials with a low coefficient of friction are produced for systems "Warm floor" systems based on finely dispersed scales of mineral materials with low friction coefficient. As a rule, the consumption of the plasticizer is 3-5 l / m3 solution.
What is the meaning of the use of thermal insulation with an aluminum foil coating?
In cases where the pipes are installed in the air layer (for example, in lagham floors), the thermal insulation foil allows you to reflect most directed down the radiant heat flux, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system. The same role in the device of the passing (gas or foam concrete) screeds play foil.
When the screed is made of a dense cement-sand mixture, the foils of thermal insulation can be justified only as an additional waterproofing - the reflecting properties of the foil can not show themselves due to the lack of the border "air - a solid body". It should be borne in mind that the aluminum foil layer filled with cement mortar must necessarily have a protective coating of a polymer film. Otherwise, aluminum can be collapsed under the influence of a high-grade solution medium (pH \u003d 12.4).
How to avoid cracking the screed of "warm sex"?
The causes of the appearance of cracks in the "Heat-Half Paul" screed can be the low strength of the insulation, poor-quality sealing of the mixture when laying, the absence in a mixture of plasticizer, too thick screed (shrinking cracks). The following rules should be followed: the density of the insulation (polystyrene foam) under the tie must be at least 40 kg / m3; The screed solution must be prefigured (plastic), the use of a plasticizer is required; In order to avoid the appearance of shrinkage cracks into the solution, add polypropylene fiber at the rate of 1-2 kg fibra per 1 m3 solution. For power loaded floors, steel fiber is used.
Does waterproofing required with floor heating?
If the architectural and construction part of the project does not provide a vapor barrier device, then with the "wet method" of the heat-insulated floor system, it is recommended to lay the pergamine layer on the aligned overlap. This will help to prevent leakage through the overlap of cement milk during the pouring of the screed. If the project provides internet vapor barrier, then not necessarily arrange waterproofing. Waterproofing in wet rooms (bathrooms, bathrooms, showers) are arranged in the usual order on top of a "warm floor" screed.
What should be the thickness of the damper tape installed around the perimeter of the room?
For premises from the side of less than 10 m, it is enough to use seams with a thickness of 5 mm. For other rooms, the seam calculation is carried out according to the formula: B \u003d 0.55 o L, where b is the seam thickness, mm; L is the room, m.
What should be the step laying the pipes of the "warm floor" loop?
The loop step is determined by the calculation. It should be borne in mind that the step of the loops of less than 80 mm is difficult to implement in practice due to the small radius of the pipe bending, and the step more than 250 mm is not recommended, since it leads to a tangible uneven warming up of "warm sex". To facilitate the task of choosing a step loop, you can use the table below.
Is it possible to the heating device only on the basis of the "warm floor" system, without radiators?
To answer this question in each specific case, it is necessary to produce a heat engineering calculation. On the one hand, the maximum specific thermal flow from the "warm floor" is about 70 W / m2 at an indoor temperature of 20 ° C. This is enough to compensate for thermal losses through the enclosing structures, made in accordance with thermal protection standards.
On the other hand, if we take into account the costs of heat to heat the outer air required by sanitary standards (3 m3 / h per 1 m2 of the dwelling), then the power of the "warm floor" system may be insufficient. In such cases, the use of edge zones with increased surface temperature along the outer walls, as well as the use of sections of the "warm walls" are recommended.
After what time after filling the screed, you can run the system "warm floor"?
The screed should have enough strength to acquire sufficient strength. After three days, in natural conditions of hardening (without heating), it dials 50% of strength, in a week - 70%. A complete set of strength to the design grade occurs after 28 days. Based on this, launch the "warm floor" is recommended no earlier than through three days after fill. It should also be remembered that the fill with a solution of the "warm floor" system is produced when water filled with water under pressure 3 bar floor pipelines.
"Warm floors" have long been no longer perceived as some exotic - more and more household owners appeal to this technology of heating their residential possessions. Such a system can fully assume the function of full housing heating, or work in tandem with classical heating devices - or convectors. Naturally, these features are taken into account in advance, at the stage of general design.
Proposals for the development of projects, installation and debugging systems - more than enough. And yet many owners of houses, according to old good tradition, seek everything with their own hands. But such works "on the eye" are still not done - one way or another, calculations are required. And one of the key parameters is the total permissible length of the pipes of one contour.
And since in the conditions of a conventional average private residential building, as a rule, it is quite enough for the pipe with a diameter of 16 mm, then it is on it and stop. So, we consider the question of what can be the maximum length of the heat-insulated floor loop 16 pipe.
Why is it better to use a pipe with an external diameter of 16 mm?
To begin with - why is it considered exactly a pipe 16 mm?
Everything is very simple - practice shows that for "warm floors" in the house or apartment of this diameter is quite enough. That is, it is difficult to submit a situation where the contour will not cope with its task. So - there are no really justified grounds to apply a larger, 20-millimeter.
And, at the same time, the use of 16 mm pipes gives a number of advantages:
- First of all, it is about a quarter cheaper than a 20mm counterpart. The same applies to all the necessary fittings - the same fittings.
- Such pipes are easier in laying, with them you can, if necessary, perform a compacted step layout layout, up to 100 mm. With a 20-mm pipe and it is much more, and a small step - it is simply impossible.
- Significantly decreases the volume of coolant in the circuit. A simple calculation indicates that in a 16-mm pipe meter of a pipe (with a thickness of the walls of 2 mm, the inner channel is 12 mm) 113 ml of water. And in 20 mm (internal diameter 16 mm) - 201 ml. That is, the difference is more than 80 ml on just one meter of the pipe. And on the scale of the heating system of the whole house, this is literally the word pours out in a very decent amount! And after all it is necessary to ensure the heating of this volume, which entails, in principle, unjustified energy expenses.
- Finally, the pipe with a large diameter will require and increase the thickness of the concrete screed. You want - do not want, but at least 30 mm above the surface of any pipe will have to provide. Let these "unfortunate" 4-5 mm do not seem funny. The one who engaged in the pouring screed knows that these millimeters turn on tens and hundreds of kilograms of an additional concrete solution - it all depends on the area. Moreover, for a pipe of 20 mm, it is recommended to do a screed layer even thicker - about 70 mm above the contour, that is, it turns out almost twice as thickness.
In addition, in the residential premises, it is very often "fighting" for each millimeter of the height of the floor - just for reasons of the lack of "Prostor" to build the thickness of the total "cake" of the heating system.
The pipe is 20-mm is justified when it is necessary to perform a floor heating system in rooms with high load, with a large intensity of motion of people, in gym, etc. There simply for reasons of increasing the strength of the base, it is necessary to use more massive thick screeds, for the warm-up of which the large heat exchange area is required, which just provides a pipe 20, and sometimes even 25 mm. In the residential premises, resort to such extremes - there is no need.
It may be argued that in order to "sell" the coolant for a thinner tube will have to increase the power indicators of the circulation pump. Theoretically, so it is - hydraulic resistance with a decrease in diameter, it is clear, increases. But as practice shows, most circulation pumps fully cope with this task. The attention will be paid to this parameter - it is also linked to the contour length. The calculations are carried out to achieve optimal or at least acceptable, well-efficient system indicators.
So, we will focus on the pipe of 16 mm. About the pipes themselves in this publication, we will not lead the conversation - that is, a separate article of our portal.
What pipes are optimal for water "warm floor"?
Not all products are suitable for creating a floor heating system. Pipes are inserted into the screed for many years, that is, special requirements are presented to their quality and operational characteristics. How to pick up - read in a special publication of our portal.
How to decide on the length of the contour?
The question seems completely simple. The fact is that on the Internet you can find a lot of recommendations on this issue - and from pipe manufacturers, and from experienced masters, and from, say honestly, absolute amateurs, which simply "overtake" information from other resources, especially without going into subtleties.
So, in the installation instructions, which manufacturers often accompany their products, you can meet the set limit of the contour length for a pipe 16 mm reaches 100 meters. Other publications show a border of 80 meters. Experienced installers recommend limited to a length of 60 ÷ 70 meters.
It would seem what else is needed?
But the fact is that the circuit length indicator, especially with the blurred definition of "maximum length", is very difficult to consider in the separation from other parameters of the system. Put out the outline "on the eyes", just to not exceed the recommended borders - the amateur approach. And with this relationship, it is quite possible to break up with deep disappointments in the system. Therefore, it was better to operate with a non-abstract "permissible" contour length, but the optimal corresponding to specific conditions.
And it depends on (if more precisely, it does not really depend as closely interconnected) from the mass of other system parameters. Here you can attribute the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, its purpose, the estimated level of its heat loss, the expected temperature in the room - all this will determine the step of laying the contour. And only then it will be possible to judge its resulting length.
So we will try to "unravel this tangle" to come to the optimal length of the contour. And then - check the correctness of our calculations.
Several basic requirements for the parameters of the "warm floor"
Before proceeding with the calculations, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with some requirements that the water heating system should be configured.
- The "warm floor" can act as the main system of heating, that is, to fully provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises of the house and compensate for thermal losses. Another option is more rational - it acts as an "helper" by conventional radiators or convectors, taking on a certain share in the overall work of the system, increasing the overall comfort in the house. In this case, the calculation should be carried out in close relationship - the owners must decide in advance, in which relationship the general system will work. For example, 60% takes on a high-temperature system of radiators, and the rest is given to the "warm floor" contours. It can be used and autonomously, for example, supporting comfort in the premises in the offseason, when else (or already) does not make sense to "drive on the full" all the heating system.
- The temperature of the coolant for the supply to the "warm floor" is limited to a maximum of 55 degrees. The temperature difference at the inlet and in the reverse must be in the range from 5 to 15 degrees. Normal is considered to fall by 10 degrees (it is optimally desirable to bring to 5 - 7).
The following operation modes are usually taken into account.
Table of modes of operation of water "warm floor"
- There are quite rigid restrictions at the maximum surface temperature of the "warm floor". Overheating of floors is not allowed for a variety of reasons. This is a noncomfortable feeling for human feet, and difficulties with the creation of an optimal microclimate, and a possible damage of the finish coating.
The following limit surface heating values \u200b\u200bfor different premises are installed:
- Before starting the calculations, it is desirable to immediately make an approximate scheme of the layout of the contour in the room. There are two main schemes for laying pipes - "snake" and "snail" with multiple variations.
A - the usual "snake";
B - double "snake";
B - corner "snake";
G - "Snail".
The usual "snake" laid out like it would be easier, but it turns out too many turns of 180 degrees, which increases the hydraulic resistance of the contour. In addition, with such a layout, the temperature difference from the start of the contour to the end can be felt well - this is well shown in the color change diagram. The disadvantage can be eliminated by laying a double snake, but this installation is already more complicated.
In the "snail" heat is distributed more evenly. In addition, turns are dominated by 90 degrees, which reduces the pressure loss. But stacking such a scheme is still more difficult, especially if there is no experience in such work.
The contour itself can take not the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room - often the pipes are not packed in those places where installation of stationary furniture is planned.
However, many masters criticize this approach. The stationarity of furniture - the value is still quite conditional, and the "warm floor" is laid for decades. In addition, the alternation of cold and heated zones is an undesirable phenomenon at least from the point of view of possible appearance with the time of foci of dampness. Unlike electrical systems, water floors, local overheating is not threatened due to closed areas, so it should not be from this side.
So the strict framework does not exist on this score. It is possible, in order to save material, leave empty sections, or the circuit is laid completely throughout the area. But if on some site it is planned to install furniture objects or sanitary devices that require fastening to the floor (for example, fastening the toilet with dowels or anchors), then this place, naturally, remains free from the contour. Just great likelihood damage the pipe when installing fasteners.
What scheme laying the contour is better to choose?
More information about the choice of laying schemes, with theoretical justifications, is described in a separate article of our portal.
- Power laying step can be from 100 to 300 mm (it is usually 50 mm, but this is not a dogma). Less than 100 mm do not perform any possibility, no need. And with a step more than 300 mm, the "zebra effect" can be felt, that is, the alternation of warm and cold strips.
But what step will be optimal - calculations will show, as it is closely related to the expected heat transfer of the floor and the temperature regime of the system.
- Another reservation is all subsequent heat engineering calculations are shown for the optimal sizes of the "cake" of the floor heating system.
It was said above that the thickness of the screed minimally should be 300 mm above the surface of the pipes. But to ensure full-fledged accumulation and uniform heat distribution, it is recommended to adhere to a thickness of 45-50 mm (it is for a pipe with a diameter of 16 mm).
Learn how to do, choose mixtures, make a solution, and also familiarize yourself with the technology of filling water and electric heating floor.
And so that the warm-up heat is not wasted for the heating of the inter-storey overlap or another base of the "warm floor", the thermal insulating layer is mandatory under the pipe circuit. Usually, the polystyrene foam with a density of about 35 kg / m³ is used for this (better - extruded as more durable and efficient). The minimum thickness providing the correct operation of the "warm floor" should be:
| Features of the foundation of "warm sex" | Minimum thickness of thermal insulation "Pillows" |
|---|---|
| Floor overlap over heated room, temperature in which ˃ 18 ° С | 30 mm |
| 50 mm | |
| Floor overlap over heated room, temperature in which from 10 to 17 ° C | 70 mm |
| Paul in soil, including in basements or basements with gluing from ground level up to 1500 mm. | 120 mm |
| Paul in basement or basements with gluing from the ground level of more than 1500 mm | 100 mm |
Mandatory condition - the heating system of floors should be laid on a carefully warmed basis, otherwise heat will be consumed extremely inefficient All these last comments were made because subsequent calculations will be fair for such recommended "ideal" conditions.
Conducting the calculations of the main parameters of the contour
To put the circuit of pipes with an optimal step (and it will later be dependent on its total length), it is necessary to find out which heat transfer is expected from the system. Best of all it shows the specific density of the heat flux g., calculated on the unit of the floor area (W / m²). From that and begin.
Calculation of the specific density of heat flux of "warm floor"
Calculate this value, in principle, it is easy - it is only necessary to divide the required amount of thermal energy required to replenish the heat loss of the room, to the "warm sex" area. This does not mean the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room, namely "active", that is, involved in the heating system, on which the loop layout will be conducted.
Of course, if the "warm floor" will work in a bundle with a conventional heating system, then this is also immediately taken into account - only the planned percentage of the total thermal power takes. For example, it takes a 1.5 kW for heating the room (reinforcement of heat loss), and the share of the participation of the "warm floor" is implied in 60%. So, when calculating the specific thermal flux density, we operate with a value of 1.5 kW × 0.6 \u003d 0.9 kW
Where to get the indicator of the general necessary power to replenish heat losses? There are a lot of recommendations to proceed from the ratio of 1 kW of energy by 10 m² of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. However, this approach turns out to be too approximate that does not take into account the mass of important external factors and features of the room. Therefore, it is better to carry out a more careful calculation. Do not be afraid - with our calculator, it will not introduce much difficulty.
Calculator calculating the specific heat flux of "warm floor"
We continue to disassemble design of warm floorsstarted in the previous article, and now consider the basic recommendations for design.
What should be the temperature of the surface of the warm floor?
Actually, I have already written about this in a separate article, but it will not be superfluous to repeat. Listed below maximum limit floor surface temperatures For premises of various purposes:
- for residential premises and workmen in which people are preferably worth: 21 ... 27 degrees;
- for residential rooms and offices: 29 degrees;
- for lobby, hallways and corridors: 30 degrees;
- for baths, pools: 33 degrees
- for premises in which active activity takes place: 17 degrees
- in rooms with a limited stay of people (industrial premises), the maximum floor temperature of 37 degrees is allowed.
In the edge zones up to 35 degrees.
What is the temperature of the coolant in the water heating floor system?
The temperature of the supply water must be from 40 to 55 degrees. The maximum temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the water heating floor system should not exceed +60 degrees.
The temperature difference of the coolant between the feed and return pipe is the optimal 5 ... 15 degrees. Less than five degrees is not recommended due to a highly increasing flow of coolant through the contour, which leads to large loss of pressure. More than fifteen degrees are not recommended due to a tangible difference in the surface temperature of the floor itself (under the windows we can have 27 degrees under the window, at the end of the circuit 22 degrees, such a large differential is not comfortable). The optimal drop in the temperature of 10 degrees. Recommended temperatures at the entrance / outlet of the loops: 55/45 degrees, 50/40 degrees, 45/35 degrees, 40/30 degrees.
If the heat pumping unit is used as a heat source (although it is highly rare), it is desirable to take the temperature of the supply coolant in the contour of the heating of 40 degrees. In all other cases, you can use any other feed temperature in the above range.
What should be the length of the pipes of water warm floor?
The maximum length of one contour (loops) depends on the diameter of the applied pipes:
- diameter 16 mm - 70 ... 90 meters;
- diameter 17 mm - 90 ... 100 m;
- diameter 20 mm - 120 m.
The difference in lengths is explained by various hydraulic resistance and thermal load of pipes of different diameters. Well, it is clear: the thicker the pipe, the less hydraulic resistance in it (fluid resistance).
Usually one contour heats one room. But if the area is large, the contour length is more optimal, then it is better to make two contours to the room than putting too long pipe.
If during design and calculations to take one diameter of the pipe, and then mount another, then the system hydraulics will differ. So all experiments are better and correctly allowed at the design and calculations, compare the results, choose the best and to follow it.
If there are two and more contours in the room, you need to strive for their lengths to be the same (the entire pipe is considered in the contour length, starting from the collector, and not only it is part of it, which is directly in the heated room).
Of course, in practice, it is impossible to fit the length of the length, but it is necessary to strive for this and the difference must be not more than 10 m!
Premises in the house, as you know, have a different area. To put in a smaller room of the pipe meters as much as more, you need to make less than a step between the turns.
If the room is not enough and the loss of heat from it is not large (toilet, entrance hall), then you can combine contours, damn the adjacent contour from the reverse tube.
What step to lay the pipes of a warm floor?
Step (the distance between the adjacent turns of the pipes) laying the pipe from 15 to 30 cm (15, 20, 25, 30 cm - that is, not 21; 22.4; 27, etc., and in increments of 5 cm in the specified range 15-30 cm). Stage laying pipe 30, 35, 40, 45 cm in large rooms (gym, etc.) is allowed. And 10 cm near large windows, outer walls (in the so-called edge zones).
The pipe layout step is selected depending on the heat load, the type of room, the length of the circuit, the coating material, etc.:
- edge zones - 100 ... 150 mm (standard number of rows in the edge zone - 6);
- central zones 200 ... 300 mm;
- bathrooms, bathrooms, shower rooms, etc. Fully stacked 100 ... 150 mm. The same step may not work out due to the need to bypass the plumbing and because of the grinding indoors;
- in rooms, where the floor will be covered with a good thermal conductivity (tile, marble, porcelain stoneware) Pipe laying pitch - 200 mm.
Attention! The above shows the recommended numbers. In practice, it is often a metal-plastic pipe it is impossible to bend with a small radius without hazard to break it (when styling a snake). Therefore, when laying a snake is better and optimally 150 ... 200 mm. And in general, take a note: Despite any recommendations and intelligent justifications, take a pitch of the pipe in the edge zones of 100 mm, and in the other 150 mm and never lose.
Step 300 mm will not allow uniform heating of the floor at all (again when laying a snake).
How to choose the diameter of pipes for warm floor systems?
In residential buildings or apartments with an area, ranging from 50 m2 and to obequinity - a pipe with a diameter of 16 mm is used. Thicker is not necessary!
Even in well insulated houses it is desirable that the pitch of the pipe does not exceed 150, the maximum, 200 mm - and the 16th tube gives the opportunity all these conditions to observe. In general, for a private house of a pipe larger diameter, they are not needed: they are optimal at the ratio of "light of installation - the price - the volume of the coolant."
Another pipe, often used - 18 mm. However, it is necessary to understand that a thicker tube is extra expenses, and not only on the pipe, and on fittings, and everything else.
Sometimes the pipe with a diameter of 20 mm, without considering the characteristics. And in such a pipe, the amount of water is already significantly larger, which is why more energy will be required for heating. Yes, and mount such a pipe hard: bend it for laying a snake and a step of 150 mm - it is unrealistic, and a larger step will not give warmth in the house, and the cost of the coolant will be indecent decent. Such a pipe can be laid in some public buildings, with high ceilings, simultaneously finding there a large number of people. There will be filled with a thick screed! For the pipe, 16 mm thickness of the screed is sufficient 50 mm from the top of the pipe. It is allowed to 80 mm.
What should be the diameter of the pipes from the boiler to the collector?
Task - connect one, two or more collectors of the warm floor.
Almost every heat-mall collector has 1 inches (25 mm) to connect to the highway - it is not important, internal or outdoor.
There are collectors with threads on an inch with a quarter, but this is for large industrial or public institutions, where the pipe larger diameter will be used, so that such collectors do not need such collectors for a private house.
It does not make sense initially strangled or "broaden" the diameters of the main pipes (i.e., supplying the coolant from the boiler), and it makes sense to take the same diameter that the inlet of the collector, i.e. 1 inch. For a polypropylene tube, this is a diameter of 32 mm (it is outer, and the inner is just 25 mm). For metal-plastic pipe is a diameter of 26 mm. For copper - 28 mm. These are standard options for the use of pipes. But if there are doubts about the number of contours, then you can increase the diameter of the main pipes per dim size (40, 32 and 32 mm for polypropylene, metal-plastic and copper pipes, respectively; for the transition to 1 inch, the adapter will be required).
Stitched polyethylene tubes (PEX) have the same dimensions with metal-plastic wall thickness and diameters.
Other data for the design of warm floors
It is not desirable to connect the concrete and flooring system to one mixing node (and the collector).
One contour should be one premises (in the sense, you do not need to see, laying out the loop, bay the screed, and then share the room by the partition).
The collector is preferably posting in the middle of the house. If it does not work, then the problem with the difference in the loop lengths is solved using the installation on the flow meter manifold: with their help, the uniform flow of the coolant through the loops of different lengths is regulated.
If the contours have lengths of 90 m (or even more), then a maximum of nine contours can be "cling" to one collector. With the lengths of the loops 60 ... 80 m can be mounted on one collector to 11 contours.
No need to push two (or more) collector with one pump. Proper to put individual pumps for each collector group.
Submersion modules (mixing nodes) are not all suitable for any lengths of the pipe loops of the warm floor, so check when buying.
For accurate calculation, it is necessary to take into account not only the heat loss, but also the possible influx of heat into the room - for example, from working equipment, household equipment, etc. (it is unlikely that it makes sense to fool, counting the heating of a private house), the flow of heat through the ceiling - if In the upper room also works for a warm floor. The calculation of multi-storey houses must be carried out, starting from the premises of the upper floor to the bottom. Because the heat loss in the second floor is a useful influx of heat for the premises of the first floor.
The thickness of the insulation on the first and basement floor is at least 50 mm (in reality, depends on the climatic zone: what is good for the south, it does not roll at all in the north), on other floors - at least 30 mm. Lategorized question: why warm the overlap between the first and second floor, let heat from the warm floor on the second floor heats the first floor? Answer: If the overlap is concrete, then the insulation is molded to not warm the overlap itself, because it is very expensive and for money and in time.
Maximum pressure loss in contour 15 kPa (optimally 13 kPa). If the outline has a pressure loss more than 15 kPa, it is necessary to reduce the flow of the coolant or split the floor area in the room into several contours. What it means, consider in one of the following articles when we perform calculations on a specific example.
The minimum coolant consumption in one contour is at least 27-30 liters per hour. Otherwise, the contours need to be combined. Why is such a limitation? With a lower consumption, the coolant, not having time to go through the entire contour, but it will time to cool - the floor will be cold! The minimum coolant consumption on each circuit can be set on the regulating valve (flow meter) installed on the collector.
Listed above requirements for design of warm floors It will be necessary to take into account when performing the calculations of a warm floor, when we will do this in a special program. So, if these terms are not so worried about you, do not worry, at one time everything will be in place. However, I recommend to make a note somewhere for myself so that when calculating it is to return to the information in this article.
design of warm floors
One of the conditions for the implementation of high-quality and proper heating of the room with a warm floor is to maintain the temperature of the coolant in accordance with the specified parameters.
These parameters are defined by the project, taking into account the required amount of heat for heated premises and flooring.
Required data for calculation
The efficiency of the heating system depends on the correct loop
To maintain a given temperature regime in the room, it is necessary to correctly calculate the loop length used to circulate the coolant.
First, it is necessary to collect initial data, on the basis of which the calculation will be completed and which consist of the following indicators and characteristics:
- temperature that should be over the floor coating;
- layout diagram loops with heat carrier;
- distance between pipes;
- the maximum possible length of the pipe;
- the ability to use several different in length of contours;
- connecting several loops to one collector and to one pump and the possible amount of them with such a connection.
Based on the listed data, it is possible to correctly calculate the length of the circuit of the heap floor and, due to this, ensure comfortable temperature regime in the room with minimal costs of energy supply.
Paul temperature
The temperature on the floor surface made with the device under it is water heating depends on the functional purpose of the room. Its values \u200b\u200bmust be no more specified in the table:
Compliance with the temperature regime according to the above values \u200b\u200bwill allow you to create a favorable environment for the work and recreation of people in them.
Pipe laying options used for a warm floor
Warm floor laying options
The laying scheme can be made by the usual, double and angular snake or snail. Various combinations of these options are also possible, for example, on the edge of the room you can post a snake pipe, and then the middle part is snail.
In large rooms of a complex configuration, it is better to perform snail laying. In the premises of small sizes and having a variety of complex configurations apply styling a snake.
Distance between pipes
The pitch laying step is determined by the calculation and usually corresponds to 15, 20 and 25 cm, but not more. When laying a pipe with a step of more than 25 cm, a person's foot will feel the difference in temperatures between and directly above them.
At the edges of the room, the pipe of the heating circuit is laid in 10 cm increments.
Permissible length contour
The length of the contour must be chosen under the diameter of the pipe
It depends on the pressure in a specific closed loop and hydraulic resistance, the values \u200b\u200bof which determine the diameter of the pipes and the volume of the fluid, which is supplied to them per unit of time.
When a warm floor device often occur, situations occur when the circulation of the coolant in a separate loop is disturbed, to restore which is not possible by any pump, the water is locked in this circuit, as a result of which it cools. This leads pressure losses up to 0.2 bar.
Based on practical experience, you can adhere to the following recommended sizes:
- Lending less than 100 m can be loop, made of metal-plastic pipe with a diameter of 16 mm. For reliability, the optimal size is 80 m.
- Not more than 120 m take the maximum length of the contour from 18 mm pipe made of stitched polyethylene. Specialists try to install an outline with a length of 80-100 m.
- Not more than 120-125 m is considered permissible loop size for metal-plastic with a diameter of 20 mm. In practice, it is also trying to reduce this length to ensure sufficient reliability of the system.
To more accurately determine the size of the loop length for a warm floor in the indoors under consideration, in which there will be no problems with the circulation of the coolant, the calculations must be performed.
Application of several contours of different lengths
The device of the floor heating system provides for multiple contours. Of course, the ideal is the option when all the loops have the same length. In this case, it is not necessary to configure and balancing the system, but it is almost impossible to carry out such pipe laying scheme. Detailed video on the calculation of the length of the water circuit, see this video:
For example, you need to perform a warm floor system in several rooms, one of which, for example, the bathroom has an area of \u200b\u200b4 m2. So, it will take 40 m pipes. It is impractical in other rooms of the contours of 40 m in other rooms, while you can perform a loop of 80-100 m.
The difference in the length of the pipes is determined by the calculation. If it is impossible to perform calculations, you can apply the requirement that allows a difference in the length of the circuits of about 30-40%.
Also, the loop length difference can be compensated by an increase or decrease in the pipe diameter and changes in its laying.
Ability to connect to one node and pump
The number of loops that can be connected to one collector and one pump is determined depending on the power of the equipment used, the number of thermal contours, the diameter and the material of the pipes used, the area of \u200b\u200bheated premises, the material of the enclosing structures and from many other different indicators.
Such calculations must be entrusted to specialists who have knowledge and practical skills in the implementation of such projects.
Determination of the size of the loop
The size of the loop depends on the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room
Having collected all the initial data, having considered the possible options for creating a heated floor and determining the most optimal one, it can be proceed directly to the calculation of the length of the water heating floor circuit.
To do this, it is necessary to divide the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which the loops for water heating of the floor are stacked for the distance between the pipes and multiply to the coefficient 1.1, which takes into account 10% for turns and bend.
The result must be added to the length of the pipeline, which will need to be paved from the collector to the warm floor and back. The answer to key questions of the organization of a warm floor, see this video:
To determine the length of the loop stacked with a step of 20 cm in an area of \u200b\u200b10 m2, located at a distance of 3 m from the collector, by following the following steps:
10 / 0.2 * 1,1 + (3 * 2) \u003d 61 m.
In this room, you need to lay 61 M pipes forming a heat outline to ensure the possibility of high-quality heating of the floor covering.
The presented calculation helps to create conditions for maintaining a comfortable air temperature in small separate rooms.
To properly determine the length of the pipe of several thermal contours for a large number of rooms powered from one collector, it is necessary to attract a design organization.
It will do it with the help of specialized programs that take into account many different factors on which the uninterrupted circulation of water depends, and therefore high-quality heating of the floor.
Heated floor surface is one of the most efficient and profitable ways to heating the premises. If you judge from the positions of operating costs, then water "warm floor" looks preferable, especially if there is already a water heating system in the house. Therefore, despite the sufficiently high complexity of installation and debugging of water heating, it is often chosen by it.
Work on the water "warm floor" begins with its design and settlement. And one of the most important parameters will be the length of the pipes in the loop paved. The point here is not only, and not so much in the expenditure on the material - it is important to ensure that the contour length does not exceed the permissible maximum values, otherwise the performance and efficiency of the system is not guaranteed. Help with the necessary calculations can calculator calculating the length of the water heat circuit, located below.
Several necessary clarifications for working with a calculator are given under it.
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