Construct manual soap. Waterproof column near the house of the water column with your own hands

The Pipe Abyssinian Well is the optimal option for the source of cottage / garden water intake. For the autonomous water supply system of the cottage, this option is unsuitable because it does not ensure the daily need of family members. Before you score a tube for a well on the site, it is necessary to study the design, find water layer. Important restrictions for the Abyssinian well are:

the production of water is manual (column) or a surface pump - the maximum diameter of the casing is limited to 32 mm, depth 12 m (in practice, surface pumps can produce liquid only from 8 m);
using the upper aquifers - "Ripper" or a sandy layer, to the level of the artesian horizon, it is impossible to score a pipe;
a small operational resource is due to low construction maintainability, after clogging / catching the filter holes, it is impossible to clean it.

Figure 1. The Pipe Abyssinian Well is a budget option for drilling a well in the country.

For the needs of gardeners / dacrooms, score a well is a reasonable solution providing minimal water supply budget. For water it is not necessary to pay, because no subsoils that control the authorities are not used in any case will be allowed to use the source for household needs (Fig. 1).

Advantages of the Abyssinian Scoring Well-needle

Before you score an Abyssinian type well, it is necessary to find water on the site, place a well in accordance with the stands of SNiP, SanPiN, ensuring the maximum source resource. The basic requirements are distances from the well to significant objects:

50-25 m to septica. Under the leaks of uncleanness, this distance will provide a natural appearance of the soil, while the depth of the well should be greater than the distance from the surface to the lower wall of the cleaning facility chamber.
4 m from home, housekeeping, small architectural forms. The neighborhood of aquifer, from which the liquid is periodically pumped up, reduces the strength of the soil, on which the foundations are based on.

To reduce the construction budget, folk methods for determining groundwater are more often used. The vegetation is investigated within the site, some plants with 70% accuracy show waterproof. The vine branches begin to spin, shift in the hands of the researcher at the place of the presence of an underground sand lenses.

The optimal option is to order vertical electro-convection services. This technology operates with ground-based instruments, special software, does not require the manufacture of control wells. According to the results, an electromegeological section is drawn up, not only the presence of the source is determined, but also the contents of salts in it.

The advantages of the Abyssinian well are:

Figure 2. The Abyssinian Well does not take up much space, so you can lay other sources for saving space.

Cheapness. The source of water intake costs cheaper than any other way of producing water.
Simplicity. The design does not have complex angles, aggregates.
Hygienicity. The water mirror is protected from clogging, surface waters, mouth is easily sealed.
High speed of work. The wells of 8 m are clogged in the day.
Non-volatile technology. The pipe is immersed in the Earth with the simplest device.
Variability of pumping equipment. The pump can be mounted on the pipe, removed from the well to a reasonable distance, for example, to the basement at home.

For the convenience of workers, pipes are increasing after some plug in the well, which allows you to add them as needed. The absence of driveways, electricity, complex relief is not obstacles for this technology. After working out the pipe resource, it is possible to cut below the fertile layer, drown out, without removing to the surface, mount another source next to the first (Fig. 2).

There is a way of blowing the pipe into a well-made well without using a sledgehammer, a copra, thoring of the thread in its top. The technology is as follows:

Figure 3. Technology of manufacturing an Abyssinian well.

the row is made by a guide well with a depth of 0.7 - 0.5 m;
before you score the pipe, it is exhibited vertically;
two massive metal clamps are mounted in the lower third;
a grandmother dresses onto the pipe (massive blank with a central hole, eyelets from opposite sides);
at the top of the clamps on the bolts, the simplest polyspaster is recorded (two blocks for cables).

For the manufacture of a well, two employees who remain periodically to raise a grandmother for a cable, let it go at the top point. The grandmother hits the lower clamp, the force is transmitted to the pipes gradually immersed in the soil. As the clamps are gluable, the new pipes are tightened (Fig. 3)

Figure 4. The design of the spear-shaped tip.

The technology is suitable only for bulk, plastic soils, score a spear tip into a large boulder, the rocky rock is impossible in this way. Unlike the drilling method, the casing is simultaneously a working tool, so the design consists of several connected nodes:

Spear - pointed tip.
The filter is a piece of perforated pipe in a metal grid, welded to the tip.
Check valve - In practice, a conventional metal ball mounted on a diaphragm inside the pipe.
Casual column. It is increasing with separate pipes with threaded compounds.

To ensure a normal flow rate, the filter is plugged with 1-0.7 m below the static level of the water intake.

Apened tip has a minimal area, slides with small stones or destroys them. This option is preferable to conventional flattening or cutting the pipe under an acute angle. In addition, the casing is not clogged by the soil, it remains clean throughout (Fig. 4)

Operation of the Abyssinian Well

The resource of the source of water intake is 15-30 years when the sand lens is reached, 5-10 years old - when the fluid is fence from the "Rip-flow". Therefore, for long-term operation will have to score pipes several times.

In addition, the upper aquifer is too capricane, the level decreases in abnormally hot years, several users from one aquifer dry source faster than when using one family. Drops of industrial enterprises can fall into it, the liquid used by oil workers to maintain reservoir pressure.

Therefore, before using water in food, laboratory analysis is needed. It will help you choose the necessary equipment for the water treatment system. Making a sandy well with your own hands, it is recommended to use pumping equipment regularly. With periodic, seasonal operation, the flow rate decreases annually, the filter on the bottom of the well is stolen.

The Abyssinian Well has a small diameter, so the submersible pumps are not placed in it. The pressure of surface modifications of pumping stations is limited to 8-12 m. Therefore, to a large depth, the needle does not make sense.

The design is easily integrated into the landscape design of the site, in 90% of cases for the Abyssinian well, a wellhead water supply scheme is used. The inserting of the pipeline at the mark below the level of freezing with the manufacture of an underground highway for entering the house in this case is economically unprofitable. Kesson for the Abyssinian Well is not used for the same reason.

Each dacha, or a homeland, there is a source of water supply - a column or well. Well to have of course better than a removal from the network water pipe for many reasons. Water from the well is naturally cleaner and useful and for humans and for watering plants. At low temperatures in winter, water does not freeze, since the thermal heat does not give it to turn into ice. But not every dachane has the opportunity to have a well either a well on its plot. Mostly dackets enjoy discretions from the public water supply network. Of course, no complaints in the summer, of course, there are also no water to turn off the water because of any breakdown or accident on the water voltage. But in the winter time with a column of trouble. All daches having a bathhouse on the summer site always winter come to get to wash.

But for those owners of which the water columns are often freezing in the riser and a whole range of problems is formed. What to be, how to defrost and other swing. And so the problem is very serious and requires its permission. You need to look into the very essence of the problem - why water freezes, and how to prevent it? Water freezes in a low temperature riser, often all kinds of insulation of the column does not save, since our frosts are strong. But the author found a simple and ingenious solution to this problem. At the bottom of the pipe with gluke in the ground, he installed a tee and crane Maevsky. And this is how it works, the descent crane located below the ground level will not freeze, since the thermal heat of the earth is agreed above will not let the pipe, and from the top of the pipe, the water alters in drainage through the crane of Maevsky and the riser will remain dry to the underground part of it, as Prevent the freezing of the riser. And now, let's look at how the author did it all and that he needed for this.

Materials: Crane Maevsky, Tee, Adapter, Fuma Ribbon.
Instruments: Set of keys, gas key, screwdriver, pliers.

Next sets the adapter.

Then screws the crane Maevsky.

Here, in essence, everything - the author coped with his task for excellent, now his column will not freeze even in the strongest frosts and our inventor can come in winter and gain water in the bathhouse and then the protopive will be cooked well))). Just the author of the column is insulated, but it is already agreed - not very much saves.

In the fact that the water supply is needed in the country, you do not need to convince anyone. This is so obvious. And therefore we will immediately endure in more detail on how to make a plumbing in the country with their own hands, taking into account its operation at different times of the year.

First of all, it is necessary to choose a water source. The cheapest and simple way to ensure summer cottages is the construction of the well. It can have a different depth. It all depends on the depth of groundwater. It mainly does not exceed fifteen meters, and therefore the construction of the well is accounted for with minimal costs. However, such a structure provides small amounts of water (up to 200 liters per hour), moreover, it has a variety of impurities (nitrates, heavy metals, bacteria).

Wells and wells: what you need to know

Device diagram well

More acceptable option for the construction of a sandy well, the depth of which, depending on the aquifer, can be from 15 to 30 meters.

Such a construction per hour can produce about 1.5 cubic meters of water, which is enough for a small home.

What is better well or well?

The drilling of the sandy well is carried out by a screw method - the breed is extracted on the surface. This, as a rule, leaves 3 to 5 days. However, in the sandy aquifer, there is a lot of clay and sand, and therefore in this case the filtering equipment will be needed.

Water supply from a well or well on a private site in most cases requires pumping equipment. But what to do the owners of those sites on which there are no electricity, and the installation of the network is not foreseen in the near future. The output is a manual water unit.

Many of us remember the old good column on the water, from which it was possible to get drunk and washed in one press on the lever. This is a standard manual type water pump. About what kind of pumping device, which types of similar mechanisms are and how to choose the optimal, we understand in our material.

Manual type water pumps are most often used in the private farm at dachas and country sites. This device is suitable in the following cases:

Watering garden crops in a small area;
Water fence from well for household needs;
In addition, a small column from the well will become an excellent solution of the water supply mechanism in the piping of the house.

Important: As a rule, a manual pump is used to install in the Abyssinian well or a well on the sand of a small depth (up to 8-9 meters).

Types of manual aggregates

According to the principle of action, all manual pumps are in principle similar. Only the device of the aggregates (design) and the design of the working unit differs. So, distinguish such types of manual pumps on the water:

Piston aggregate;
Rod pump;
Impeller pump;
Membrane mechanism for lifting water from a small depth;
Rotary pump;
Depth and hydraulic devices of manual type.

All of them also wear a vacuum hand pump for water.

The device and principle of operation of the piston mechanism

The easiest type of pump, operating from human physical force. Such an aggregate is a fellow standard column on water. The operation of the piston type pump lies in the movement of the piston inside the flask when physically exposed to the lever.

The working nodes of the piston mechanism are piston and two valves (upper and lower). When you press the lever, the lower valve of the unit opens, and the piston at that moment falls down. Water fence occurs. Then, as a result of the pressure drop in the flask, the lower valve closes, and the upper opens, providing water output to the outside.

For one press on the piston pump lever can give from 2 to 3 liters of water. Thus, in one minute you can safely score a 10-liter water bucket.

It is worth knowing that the lifting pole from the well for such an apparatus does not exceed 4.5 meters. And the maximum depth of the water mirror in the source should be no lower than 7 meters. Otherwise, the use of the pump will be inappropriate.

Strong manual aggregate

Hand pump rod is very similar to its predecessor - piston unit. The difference lies only that the inner piston of the device has the shape and form of an elongated rod. This design is achieved due to the two rods that perform the role of input and output valves.

Handheld gear-type mechanism is characterized by a number of such benefits:

Ease of installation and operation;
The ability to use equipment at any temperatures;
In a minute, such an aggregate raises up to 40 liters of fluid for 5-6 cycles;
One working cycle of the mechanism is 2-3 liters of water in the container.

Porch pump

This type of manual pump has already has a fundamentally different device of the desktop. Here, instead of a moving piston and valves, the impeller with blades enters the work. That is, the pressure (injection) mechanism repeats the principle of operation of the centrifugal injection machine.

In addition to the wheel with blades, a compacted shaft, several working valves (4 pcs), a lid and two nozzles are also present in the impeller.

Works the pioneer manual pump in this way:

Pressing the aggregate lever drives the injection wheel. It begins to rotate at high speed, taking water with blades in the inlet nozzle and pressing it to the walls of the camera. As soon as the water fills all the working space of the unit, the pressure in the chamber rises to the maximum and the water pushes up the outlet.

Important: It is possible to operate the wing aggregates, both for pumping fresh water and for the transportation of salt water, thanks to the bronze alloy from which the working units of the mechanism are made.

Use the impeller hand-type wing pumps is best in cases where water (water mirror) is located in the well no less than 9 meters.

Hand-action membrane

This pump differs from the previous ones that it does not have any elements in its device. That is why the manual membrane type mechanism can be successfully used to transport polluted water as a drainage pump.

This unit works at the expense of the membrane oscillations, which is located in the working chamber of the mechanism and comes to effect as a result of the movement of the pendulum. Created vacuum and helps move water.

A distinctive feature of such a pump is the presence of a special cross section of ball valves in the design. These elements produce self-cleaning of the working unit of water supplying equipment and completely prevent its breakdown.

Rotary manual type unit

The device of such a pump is already more complicated, and therefore a manual rotary type pump may easily cope with water with oil impurities and simply with oily substances.

The working unit of the rotor unit is the rotor of the longitudinal shape and the sewage. The unit works due to the movement of the seats that slide in special rotor grooves, creating a vacuum medium for transporting fluid.

Pump depth

This type of pump is designed to lift water with greater depth (10-30 meters). This promotes the elongated piston in the pump device. Thanks to this design, it is possible to connect the exhaust pipe to the inlet nozzle of the unit.

Manual type hydraulic pump is not particularly widely used in circles of Russian users. The mechanism is mobile and perfectly copes with pumping clean and polluted water, as well as oily liquids.

Installation of manual water supply equipment

Install a manual type pump with your own hands is simple enough. The main principle is here - the correct assembly of the device in accordance with the instructions. After the unit is assembled, it is necessary to connect the water treatment pipe with the device inlet, after which the device is lowered into the well. Create equipment can now be pressed on the lever. If the water appeared from the outlet, it means everything is done correctly.

Reference. The stationary hand pump is mounted on the same principle, with the only difference that after connecting and checking the pump operation, it is necessary to secure it to the well.

Possible breakdowns and repair with your own hands

The main advantage of the hand pump of any type is its durability and trouble-free operation. However, still occasionally, the equipment mechanism may fail and stop feeding water. The reasons for one may be two:

Depressurization of the working chamber (in the case of a membrane pump is simply impulsed membrane);
Barming of work valves.

In the first embodiment, it will be necessary to replace the damaged element. In the second case, you need to disassemble the case and simply tighten the weakened valves to the desired limit.

So, it becomes clear that for the dacifics of Russia, the hand pump will become an excellent spare version of the device for supplying water from the well (in case of power outage) or serve as stationary equipment for water supply from the Abyssinian Well.

Not always on the summer site, you can pull out the well, and in order to solve the water supply problem, it is equipped with a well, dumped in the country with your own hands or with the involvement of specialists.

If there is no water supply pipe from the nearest water station, and there is no springer nearby with drinking water, the flaw in the lifeful moisture will begin to be felt very soon. First of all, water is needed for your own needs, watering can be organized from the nearest reservoir by installing a pump or the simplest wheel-chigir on the river. But you can hardly drink from the pond or the lake, not even forgetting boiling. Therefore, the idea immediately arises to dull well on the summer site. But this is a very time-consuming task.

A device in the country of the Abyssinian Well, which is, despite the name pierced by the well, looks much advantageous on labor costs. Yes, it is punched, and not drilled, because to obtain this source of drinking water, the casing is immediately supplied with a sharp tip and filter at the bottom, after which the boom is driven into the ground. Casual sections are increasing as each previous one is almost completely deepening into the ground. The maximum depth of such a well is up to 25-30 meters, and an average of about 12-15.

Device in the country of the Abyssinian Well

If the soil waters lie deeply, you can still get to them yourself if you find the equipment to make a sandy well at the cottage. To do this, you will need a handberry bug, which it may be enough if you pre-eliminate the well and equip the well on the bottom of the pit. However, the sandy aquifer, which usually lies over the waterproof clay, can be located at a depth of more than 30 meters, sometimes up to 50. It is not necessary to do without a mobile drilling rift, which can be rented, or without a more primitive tripod design with a winch and a gate To rotate the bora. We will talk about it in more detail below.

The third option is an artesian well, which is clogged to the lower aquifers, which are located at a depth of 200 meters, over limestone base. It is no longer done with your own hands, because the bora-go-out for hundreds of meters is simply impossible to rotate with the gate or even the engine available to you. Here you already need professional technician and specialists who serve it. Consider the identification of the location of the accumulation of groundwater, the so-called lenses. If the Pipes of the Abyssinian Well will cost inexpensively, and when they are missing, they can be left in the ground, the clawding of the sand well will cost a lot. What to say about the artesian well. Therefore, pre-geological exploration is necessary.

First of all, you should learn from the nearest neighbors in the country, already having a well, on which depth they drill the earth. Next, compare the height difference between their site and its own, after which an idea of \u200b\u200bthe depth of groundwater occurs. Further find out what kind of soil you have on the section below the fertile layer. If heavy clay, and even with stones, then it is likely to break through such a layer will be very difficult, with the risk to damage the boom of the casing. If sandy, then, most likely, you will be able to get to the aquifer of the layer quickly.

For the manufacture of the tip with the filter, you will need a durable metal cone with the highest angle of the vertex. The base of the cone must be slightly exceeded the diameter of the welded pipe, which rarely more than 2.68 centimeters with an internal channel of 20 millimeters. It is necessary so that the rod is relatively easy to go into a wellbore. Next, in the pipe walls on a segment of 30 centimeters with a small indentation from the cone drills holes in a checker order, the distance between them in each row should be about 3 centimeters, diameter up to 8 millimeters, better within 6. Such rows will be approximately 5-6.

Tip with a filter for punching well

Perforated plot It is necessary to wind up a finely galvanized grid. For better filtration, you can make on top into one layer with small spacial spacing thin wire, which is attacked by tin without lead impurities so as not to poison water. The grid on top and bottom is fixed, welding the metal strip 2-3 centimeters width around the pipe, which connect the narrow (1 centimeter) vertical sections every 20 millimeters. It turns out the grid that protects the grid when the rod pass through the ground. The length of the pipe must be within 2 meters so that it is more convenient to score with a wooden "grandmother" (heavy deck suspended on the block, which is fixed on a high tripod or on the ceiling, if the well beats in the basement).

The pipes from the pipes of the same diameter, which at the ends of the thread are cut, are connected using cast-iron or steel couplings, winding using seals, so that the water is not allowed, as it is gluned into the ground. When the rod starts to move especially easily - this means that you have reached a loaf, saturated with water. Check, pour water into the pipe, and if it leaves quickly, try on the contrary to connect the hand pump (you can via the filter) and download. Liquid dirt went well, it means there really is a lot of water, continue to pump out, at the bottom of this time the cavity is formed, or, otherwise, the cavern, in which moisture accumulates. If the water did not go, you need to gradually deepen, every 15-20 centimeters pouring water into the pipe and trying to connect the pump. At the end, the column is installed to pump water with their own hands.

If you know that the depth of the aquifer is about 30 meters and below, you need to leave thoughts about the Abyssinian Well. Here, there is already much more efficient equipment of a sand well, which can also be done in the country with their own hands. It is called so because it ends in a sandy aquifer, from where water rolls out through a special filter.

To get to groundwater, you will need a column of long rods, at the end of which the drill head is installed. Tips are different: "Spoon", "Zmeevik", "Chisel". The first option consists of two grooves divorced at a certain distance and closed down. The snake resembles a screw or two woven spirals. Rather, it looks like a bricklayer chisel. The device at the dacha of a sandy well is more difficult than the Abyssinian Well, because during the drilling process you need to constantly lower the casing, which, however, in the country it can be done with your own hands.

To work, the above-mentioned tripod with a winch is used, to which the column with a gate is clinging, suspended on a freely rotating ring or hook. The head should be in diameter less than the casing channel at least 5 millimeters, usually it is selected, based on the size of the well pump. The tripod height is determined by the length of the same section of the column, which can be from 1.5 to 4 meters. The mobile machine for drilling can be used if there is no possibility to assemble a tripod, the device consists of a frame-stand and guide, which slowly lowers the block from the motor torque, and cargo.

Trenog with winch

A drilling head every 60 centimeters should be removed for cleaning the soil, for this you can apply the corresponding marks directly to the rods.

Approximately the passage of the same area in the shredding breed it is recommended to begin to shut down the casing, the lowest section of which is supplied with a shoe, the filter will later be lowered through it, and afterwards. The pipe is always wider than the drilling head, which moves inside, so it is necessary to lower it correctly, rotation or by clogging with steel or wooden and wooden wall weighing about 30 kilograms (the method depends on the smooth or gear edge of the shoe).

As for the lugs of the drilling head, they must sometimes be changed, depending on what kind of soil is at the moment. For loose, bulk breeds best suits the "spoon". If he went hard with stones, change the nozzle to the "serpentor". And finally, in the hardest rocks, it is best to use the shock method of the passage, using a "chisel" drilling head as the tip, which can be both sharp and crucible. When the works are completed, the observation well is installed on the country, the pump is lowered, the tap pipes are attached to it. Now you might think how to reflect or hide a well in the country with your own hands, for example, the hollow imitation of stone or stump.

How to make a tripod for drilling?

To properly make the simplest device for hanging the booster column, it suffices to take 3 bars or logs, which are connected in the upper part, forming a pyramid with a triangular base. Also as a support, metal pipes can be used. The winch is suspended in the center of the connection. Through the adapter in the form of a freely rotating spindle with a ring or clamp, a drilling column joins, at the top of which the gate is fixed.

Thus, at least 2 people need to maintain this device, but better 3, then the two will rotate the boring, and the third lead the winch. To make it easier to work, pre-roam well or shurt to 2 meters deep. At its bottom there is a flooring, the walls are trimmed by boards preventing squeezing. Leave the center of the pit free for drilling. The second flooring is stacked on top, the tripod is installed with a support outside the shurt or well.

As the boome is immersed, the column is increasing with new rods, the uppermost of which joins the collar. So that the passage of solid rocks is easier, it is possible to fill water into a well, but then it will be more difficult to understand when a wet soil will go, signing that the aquifer has begun. At the end of the work, you can think about how to close the well with your own hands. It is better to use the observation hatch.