Round cable. Types of electrical cables and wires. Galvanized steel braid

Preface

All species electrical cables They have a specific purpose that allows you to solve certain production tasks.

Building

Types of cables are manufactured by the specialized industry in a wide variety. All types of electrical cables have a specific purpose that allows you to solve certain production tasks. This page provides some kinds of types. electric wires and cables with brief technical specifications and recommendations for use.

Consider in more detail the main types of cables and wires that are used when mounting in a private house.

Types of power copper cables

Exist different kinds copper cables applied. IN lately The most commonly used Cable of the VG and its modifications. The following presented various types of power cables and their brief characteristics.

VZH - power cable with copper residential, insulation of PVC, with PVC, shell (Cambrich) from PVC, not having external protection, not fuel. Used for transmission and distribution electric current With a working voltage of 660 - 1000 V and a frequency of 50 Hz.

The outer shell is usually black, although sometimes you can meet white. TPZ insulation was marked with various colors - blue, yellow-green, brown, white with blue stripe, red and black. Packed in the bay most often at 100 and 200 m.

The amount of live varies from one to five. Case cross section - from 1.5 to 240 mm 2. In living conditions, a cable with a cross section of 1.5 - 6 mm 2 is used, with - up to 16 mm 2. The veins can be both single and multi-breed.

UPG is used with a wide range of temperatures: from - 50 to + 50 ° C. Withstands humidity up to 98% at temperatures up to +40 ° C. Stands to aggressive chemicals, quite durable to break and bend. When installing, it should be remembered that each cable or wire has a certain bending radius, in the case of a flat cable or a wire width, a plane is taken. So, for the turn of the VG at 90 ° C, the radius of its bending should be at least 10 diameters of the cable cross section.

Varieties of VVG:

AVG (instead of copper veins, an aluminum is used);
VVGNN (Cambrick with increased non-calamity);
VDGP (Flat cable cross section);
VZHZ (The space between the insulation of the CCD and the Cambrid is filled with pvc or rubber mixtures).

NYM. (There is no letter notation in Russian) - copper power cable with insulation of PVC PVC and the outer sheath of non-combustible PVC. Between the layers of isolation is a filler in the form of a coated rubber, which gives the cable with increased strength and heat resistance. Multi-breeding veins are always copper.

The amount of lived - from two to five, the cross section of the vein - from 1.5 to 16 mm 2. It is intended for conducting lighting and power networks with a voltage of 660 V. can be used for laying on open air. It has high moisture resistance and heat resistance. Range of operating temperatures - from -40 to +70 ° C. In this case, the cable does not tolerate the effect of sunlight, so it must be stolen. Bending radius - 4 diameters of cable cross section. Compared to the VVG any kind, the NY cable is more racks and is convenient in operation. However, it is significantly more expensive than VVG and only happens round cross sectionSo it is inconvenient to lay it in plaster or concrete.

Kg - Flexible cable. This conductor is suitable for alternating voltage up to 660 V and frequency up to 400 Hz or a constant voltage of 1000V.

Copper veins, flexible or high flexibility, amount from one to six.

Isolation of CPA and the outer shell are made of rubber. Range of operating temperatures - from -60 to +50 ° C. This cable is used mainly to connect various portable devices, such as welding machines, heat guns, etc. There is a type of KGN with non-combustible insulation.

VBBSH - Armored power cable with copper single wire or multi-breeding veins. The number of lived may be from one to five. Case cross section - from 1.5 to 240 mm 2. As a material for insulation of the CPA, the outer shell and filling the space between insulation and the cambrick is used by PVC. The cable is booked by two ribbons that are wounded alone on top of the other in such a way that the upper overlap the gaps between the tips of the bottom. A protective hose from PVC is worn over the cable over the cable, the PVC reduced flammability is used in the VBBSHWG modification.

WBBSHB is designed for variable rated voltage 660 and 1000 V. Single-core modifications are used for DC. Range of operating temperatures - from -50 to +50 ° C. Water resistant: at a temperature of +35 ° C withstands the humidity of 98%. The bending radius is at least 10 diameters of the cable cross section. WBBSHB is laid in pipes, land and outdoor with sun protection. It is used when conducting electricity for stationary installations, as well as to underground electricity to separate objects.

Modifications of Cable VBBSHB:

ABBBSH - cable with aluminum residential;
WBBSHVN - non-flammable cable;
WBBSWN-Ls. - non-flammable cable with low chimping and gas dividing at elevated temperatures.

All types of electrical wires and their purpose

The most widely used types of wires of brands of PBPP and PBPPG. Since these letterproofing is quite difficult to pronounce, they are more often called PUNP or PUGNP, respectively. Next, all types of wires with brief technical characteristics are presented. You can read about the types of wires and their purpose in the process for various household needs.

PBPP (PUNP) - installation, or assembly, flat wire with copper single-robes. PVC is used as the insulation material of the CPA and the outer shell. These wires and their species may have a different amount of lived - two or three, the cross-section of the vein - from 1.5 to 6 mm 2. It can be used for mounting outlets, although it is preferable to use it when laying stationary lighting systems. Rated voltage - up to 250 V, frequency - 50 Hz. Temperature framework of operation - from -15 to +50 ° C. Bending radius at least 10 diameters.

Types of electrical wires of PBPPG (PUGNP) differ from PUNP in the fact that the veins in them are multi-way. That is why the letter "G" is added to the title - flexible.

The minimum bend radius is six diameters. All other characteristics correspond to PUNP. In view of the good flexibility, the PUGNP is used for laying in places where the wiring makes frequent bends, or for joining household appliances to the network.

Wires of both brands are sold in bays of 100 and 200 m. Color, as a rule, white, less common - black.

A variety of PUNP is considered a wire with aluminum veins - AUNPP. Its characteristics are similar to PUNP, with amendment on the living material.

ApunP cannot be a multi-breed, and consequently flexible.

PPV - Flat copper wire with PVC insulation and separating jumpers. There was a single-string with a cross section from 0.75 to 6 mm 2.

The amount of lived - two or three. Rated voltage - up to 450 V, frequency - up to 400 Hz. The wire is resistant to mechanical damage, vibration and aggressive chemical media, not a combustible, has a wide temperature range of operating range - from -50 to +70 ° C. At a temperature of +35 ° C, its moisture resistance is 100%. Bending radius when laying - at least 10 diameters of the cross section of the wire. Applied when installing lighting stationary systems and laying of power lines.

ADPV According to its characteristics, similar to the PPV, with the exception of the vein material, which is used aluminum.

APB - Aluminum single-core round wire with PVC insulation. There can be a one-rocker with a cross section of 2.5 to 16 mm 2 or a multi-breed with a cross section of 25 to 95 mm 2.

The wire is resistant to mechanical damage, vibration and chemicals. Temperature operation - from -50 to +70 ° C.

At a temperature of + 35 ° C, moisture resistance is 100%. Bending radius at least 10 diameters. The wire is used when installing stationary lighting and power systems, switchboards, laid in voids, pipes, steel and plastic trays.

The appearance and characteristics of PV 1 are similar to the APF, with the exception of the vein material (instead of aluminum use copper) and greater flexibility. The minimum cross-section of single-filling veins is 0.75 mm 2, a multi-breed - 16 mm 2.

The characteristics of the PV 3 wire coincide with the characteristics of the PV 1 wire.

The bending radius is at least 6 wire diameters. It is used when performing electrical installations in areas of lighting and power chains, where a frequent bending of wires is needed, for example in distribution panels or during the installation of a large number of electrical devices.

It is also used for laying electric caps in cars.

PVS. - Multiple copper wire with insulation and PVC sheath. The latter, filling the space between the veins, gives the wire round shape and density.

Lived multi-breed, amount from two to five. The cross section of the vein - from 0.75 to 16 mm 2. Rated voltage - up to 380 V, frequency - 50 Hz. Isolation lived has a color marking, a white shell.

PVS thermosetics, does not spread the burning during a single laying. Temperature range - from -40 to +40 ° C (Option of PVS y) and from -25 to + 40 ° C. Resistant to mechanical wear and bending (withstands up to 3000 inflectors).

It is widely used in everyday life in the repair of the power grid, suitable for the manufacture of extension cords and cords for any type of technology. Due to flexibility and ease, used to highlight and install sockets.

Other types of copper wire and its sections

ShVVP - Types of copper wire, which has a medley flat composition lived. Isolation lived, and the shell is made of PVC.

Lived multi-breeding, high flexibility. The types of cross-section of the wires of this modification do not differ in a large variety, so the spectrum of their application is extremely limited. The amount of lived - two or three, the cross section of the vein - from 0.5 to 0.75 mm 2. Voltage - up to 380 V, frequency - 50 Hz. This cord is used in lighting devices and household appliances low power, such as soldering iron, mixers, coffee grinders and radio-electronic devices.

Types of network communication cables for information transmission

Cables for information transfer serve to transfer not only electricity, but also information signals. Only 10 - 15 years ago, there were only telephone and antenna types of network cables, with the development of computer equipment for information conductors much more. Many of them are used in limited spheres and are of interest only for narrow-profile specialists. The home master is enough to know only a few species.

Antenna cables. Today, cables are most often used RG-6, RG-58, RG-59 or russian analogs RK series 75. Cables with alphabetic design Rg have a lot of varieties, they differ in the resistance of the conductor, resistant to temperature and shock loads, time of the signal attenuation, a type of screen, etc.

RG-6. - coaxial species Communication cables transmitting high-frequency signals for electronic equipment, television or radio. The central copper veins with a cross section of 1 mm2 is surrounded by insulation of foamed polyethylene, an aluminum foil screen, an external conductor from a tinned copper braid and a shell of PVC. Used to transfer cable and satellite television signals. It has a wide range technical characteristicsassociated with the frequency of the transmitting signal, resistance, shielding, etc. For example, in the Russian name of this cable (RK 75), the digits indicate the resistance of the conductor - 75 ohms.

The RG-6 cable is ideal for transmitting a video signal from a television antenna or video camera to a receiver (TV) and video signal wiring into several sources.

Computer cables ( twisted para) Apply in computer networks.

With their help, computers are connected to each other or connect to the Internet.

A computer cable consists of one or more pairs of wired wires, it improves the reception and signal transmission. Each conductor is enclosed to isolation from PVC or propylene. The outer shell is made of PVC, sometimes there is an additional moisture-proof shell of polypropylene. The cable is equipped with a discontinuous thread, which makes it easy to remove the outer shell and access the conductive veins.

There are several types of computer cable:

UTP. - pairs of wires do not have a common screen;
FTP. - with an aluminum foil screen;
STP. - Each twisted pair is surrounded by a separate screen, and all together - a common screen of copper mesh;
S / FTP. - Each twisted pair is surrounded by a separate screen, and all together - a shared screen of foil.

In addition, computer cables differ in the number of combined wires of wires.

Types of telephone wires and cables

Telephone wires and Looks are two main species. The first is designed for laying several subscriber lines (up to 400). The second is used for wiring in a house or apartment.

TPPEP - Cable for laying telephone lines calculated on a large number of Subscribers.

These types of telephone wiring consist of two wires, pigs in pairs. CPA from soft copper wire with a cross section of 0.4 or 0.5 mm2 is coated with polyethylene insulation. In the cable pairs of wires are combined into groups of five or ten pieces. The outer shell is performed from polyethylene or vinyl. The letters "EP" in the title denote the film screen. The cable can be armored ribbons or filled when the space between the shell and core occupies a hydrophobic seal.

For a telephone line to a separate subscriber and wiring indoors, telephone wires of the following types are used.

TRV - single or milk telephone camshaft. It has a flat cross section and a separated base. He lived copper, single-run, cross section 0.4 or 0.5 mm 2. The amount of lived - two or four. Insulation from PVC. Operated at a temperature of from - 10 to + 40 ° C. At a temperature of + 30 ° C, the humidity should not exceed 80%. Designed for conducting telephone lines indoors.

TRP According to the characteristics, analogous to the TRV except for the insulation material - it is made of polyethylene. In this regard, the TRP is more resistant to the exposure to the external environment compared to TRV. It can be laid outside buildings.

PCLP - Telephone flat cord with copper multi-breeding veins.

Polyethylene was used as insulation. The outer shell is made of PVC. The amount of lived is two or four, the cross section is from 0.08 to 0.12 mm 2. The wire has increased flexibility, used for indoor lines and in telephone sets.

PRPPM - Flat wire with separating base and copper single-rocker veins, insulation and polyethylene sheath. There is also a modification of the PBWM, the shell of which is made of PVC. The amount of lived - two, the cross-section of the vein - 0.9 or 1.2 mm 2. Racks to temperature effects temperature conditions operation - from -60 to +60 ° C. Such a wire is used to lay the telephone line outdoors: on air supports, in the ground and walls of buildings.

Types of mounting wires for wiring

Types of wires for wiring can carry out electrical work in the most unfavorable conditions. For mounting electrical systems In places where it is too wet, it is hot or cold (for example, in the baths, and), as well as where there is a high probability of mechanical damage, described above the wires of the PVA brands, VG, PUNP or ShVVP are not suitable.

In this case, types of mounting wires are used, which have increased resistance to the effects of the external environment.

RKGM. - Silence mounting single-core wire. There was a copper multi-breed, section - from 0.75 to 120 mm 2. Cutonic rubber insulation, fiberglass sheath, impregnated with heat-resistant enamel or varnish. This wire is calculated on the rated voltage of the current up to 660 V and the frequency up to 400 Hz. It has flexibility, resistant to vibration, high humidity (up to 100% at a temperature of + 35 ° C) and the action of a wide range of temperatures (from -60 to +180 ° C).

In addition, the wire is protected from the harmful effects of varnishes, solvents and fungal mold. The perfect conductor for rooms with elevated temperature (boilers and furnaces) is suitable for connecting wind cabinets, electromotion in and saunas.

PNSV - Heating single-core wire. CPA single-robes from blond or galvanized steel. The cross section of the vein - 1.2; 1.4; 2 and 3 mm 2. Insulation from PVC or polyethylene. Rated voltage of current - up to 380V, frequency - 50 Hz. The wires of the racks to alkali, high humidity (tolerate immersion in water), the range of operating temperatures - from -50 to +80 ° C. Used in quality heating element, eg .

Runway - Single-core copper wire. Lived multi-breeding, with a cross section of 1.2 to 25 mm 2, is insulated with polyethylene. The shell is made of polyethylene or PVC. Rated voltage of current - 380 or 660 V, frequency - 50 Hz. The wire is resistant to pressure change. Range of operating temperatures - from -40 to +80 ° C. Applied in conditions high pressure For the engines of artesian wells immersed in water.

Types of optical cables

To solve external and internal lighting tasks, types of optical cables can be used. Optical cable - option power cable With a transparent outer shell, where there are additional wires with consistently connected multi-colored LEDs at a distance of 2 cm each other, which are constant enough light. This cable is well suited for the embodiment of interesting design ideas: it can be turned into an element of lighting or create a light picture with it. However, the LED cable not only performs decorative featuresIt is very convenient when working with portable electromechanisms: when the break does not need to look for the place of damage - the diodes on the damaged area are stopped glowing. Most often, the LED cable is used to connect stage equipment, there are also computer glowing cables.

The electroluminescent cable glows evenly along the entire length. With it, you can create glowing inscriptions, and even whole pictures.

Excellent alternative to flexible neon tubes, of which such designer decorations are usually made.

In addition, the electroluminescent cable is cheaper and is not limited in length.

One of the most important components of any power system is the wiring. All buildings, structures, machines and mechanisms are permeated with these conductors. It is they who represent the transmission channel of electricity and information signals. Currently, there are almost 20 thousand different kinds of wires and cables in our country. The range of their size is very wide: from the thinnest to connect electronic devices A huge cables that are capable of conducting thousands of kilovolt electricity.

The range of electrical conductors for household needs is not as large, but also it requires certain knowledge, because for power supply different devicesRequires the appropriate wires and cables. First of all, you need to deal with such terms as cable, wire, cable veins, insulation and cord.

Lived

Residential The metal core of each electrical conductory is called. It can be solitary or consist of several wires. The core, which consists of a single wire, is customary to be called one-robust, and if there are several wires, it is called a multi-proper, it is very flexible. A variance of a section that can be flat and sectoral can be different. It is impossible to confuse such concepts as a multi-propeller and a stranded cable, which will be described below.

The veins are performed from different conductive materials. It can be aluminum, copper or aluminum. In accordance with the latest requirements of PUE aluminum conductors Must be replaced by copper. Recently, when warm floors were developed, conductor from nichrome began to be applied. This alloy has high resistance, which allows the conductor to be very hot, just as heating spirals in the incandescent lamp.

Summing area - One of its most important characteristics, which is always indicated by manufacturers of all electrical conductors. Measure the section Sometimes it is necessary for what you can use a caliper or a simple roulette.

It is necessary to make a measure of the diameter of the vein, and then according to the known from school geometry, the formula for determining the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle: S \u003d πr², where R is a radius, that is, the ½ measured diameter of the vein, and the number π is 3.14, the area of \u200b\u200bits cross section is determined. The cross section is accepted and denoted in mm².

For man-breeding, the independent definition of section is somewhat complicated. It takes all the veins to clean the insulation, to wind them on the subject of a round section, which can be a nail big diameter Or a screwdriver, in the form of a spiral, measure the length of this helix, and the diameter is determined by dividing the measured length by the number of wounded turns. There is another way when the diameter of a separate wire is measured, it is multiplied by the total amount of live, and the cross section is calculated using the formula S \u003d 0.785d², D is the measured diameter of one wire.

Insulation

Should have an idea of isolation, Explorer material electrical Energywhich prevents its flow. Isolation is a dielectric, applied to the veins intended for electrical current. Dielectricians include such materials as ceramics, glass, polyvinyl chloride, celluloid. Now, materials are used for isolation, designed not only to fulfill their main function - protection of a person from electric shock by electrotocol, but also providing cable protection against mechanical damage and negative impact of high humidity or high temperatures.

The wire

When there lived or several such lives used to carry out electric currents produce a connection of the source of electricity and the consumer, then it is called wire. Wires are different: naked or isolated. If, in addition to its own isolation that covers each living, the wire has an additional shell that protects it from all sorts of exposure to the external environment, then it is protected.

Examples of such wires: APRD and PTS. Protected wires and in appearance, and in many characteristics similar to the cable. In most cases, the insulated wire is used, and uninsulated (naked) wires are used in those places where there is no access to them for its safety, for example, when laying air lines. The most common in everyday life are the brands of PV, PV-3, ADPV, PPV.

Cable

The main difference of the cable from the wire is that it has either one or several isolated livers, which have another protective shell of materials such as polymers, rubber or even metal.

Cables can be protected not only by external insulation, to protect them from them of different kind External influences are used different fillers. For example, cable covered metal years, peeped in a spiral, called armored, you can run in the ground.

Cord

The cord is called the wire, which includes several multi-way lived. Each of them has its own isolation, and from above they have plastic or rubber coating. Previously, this coating was made from synthetic tissue. Application Electrical cords found in everyday life for connecting equipment to the power supply network.

Flexibility allow you to bend and twisted them without fear damage isolation or break the veins. For household appliances who have a connection to the grounding network is mandatory condition them safe work (Washing machines, electric kettle, etc.), apply cords with three and more veins. For lighting devices (chandeliers, sconce, flooring) is enough to use two-tissue cords.

The generally accepted lettering types of wire marking and cables, characterize products by type of destination, regardless of their manufacturer. Marking letters and numbers indicate the various properties of wires and cables: the material of the conductor and insulation, the cross section and the amount of live, heat resistance, wear resistance, flexibility, etc.

Electrical wires are made of copper (CU) and aluminum (AL), they may include one or more lived. Most often used copper wireswhich are withstanding heavy loads and have higher flexibility. Aluminum, more fragile and smaller conductivity, but because of the lower price, they are distributed during electrical installation. For better insulation protection of electrical wires, plastics (PVC) and rubber are used. Also wires can be bare, i.e. Uninsulated. For outdoor work and gaskets of the power grid in the house are required power wires, and for connecting the power supply and radio elements a copper mounting wire. Uninsulated wires are most often used when installing air wiring, as well as uninsulated copper wires are used for the manufacture of certain types of antennas and installation work In closed electrical installations. More, wires are specialized, only for specific narrow areas, for example: fire alarm, telephone, USB, antenna, compensation and welding wires and others.

Proper reading markings.

Wiring marked consists of several groups.
Conditionally denote as: APBH

The first group of letter-material lived - "A" is aluminum. For copper wires, this designation is absent;
"P" is a wire;
Next group - insulation material; "P" is rubber, "B" - polyvinyl chloride (PVC), "P" - polyethylene;
Next group - design. "O" - braid, "T" - for laying in the pipe, "P" - flat, "g" - flexible;
Next - the amount of lived;
And then - the cross section.

For example: ADPV 2x4. Aluminum wire Flat polyvinyl chloride 2-wire 4 mm2.
Or PPV 3x2,5. Since the letters "A" is not, then the wire is copper. And further: wire flat polyvinyl chloride 3-core 2.5 mm2
In some cases, there are numbers that can designate the flexibility class of wires, such as when labeling the wire PV1. and PV3.. Here PV3 is more flexible wire.
Further in the Wire PV3 10. - "10" - denotes the cross section of the wire, equal to 10mm2, and, accordingly PV3 16. - where "16" denotes a cross section of 16 mm2.

Aluminum electric pipes and cables.

Consider some types of aluminum wires and cables.

AUNP(AL Wire universal flat), which has two or three veins laid parallel, PVC protection. It is intended for the electromotion of small current devices, up to 250V and a frequency of 50 Hz. But, for wiring in the houses, such wires are better not to apply.
APB (AL PVC wire) - single-core wire, with a circular cross section 2.5-120mm². ADPV-flat multicore wire. Operating voltage 450-750V. Used when repairing flexible sections of the electrical circuit, equipment, machine tools and different mechanisms. Limit temperature T 70 ° C, service life of 15 years.
Apr. (AL Wire with rubber protection) has a round section from 2.5 - 120 mm², Appre - Flat multi-core, with a round cross section of 2.5 - 6 mm². It is used when laying in pipes and wooden rooms.
Apr. (AL Wire with rubber insulation in a non-combustible shell) - single-core wire, section from 2.5 - 120 mm². It is used when laying in dry rooms and on street open areas.
AVG (AL Power cable in PVC shell) - stranded wire with a circular cross section from 2.5 to 50 mm², the limit temperature T 80 ° C, service life of 30 years. Designed for dry and raw rooms, open spaces, on the tracks of different types, Fire hazardous and explosive places.
AGRG (AL Cable flexible in PVC shell with rubber insulation) - can have up to 4 lived, section of 4 - 300 mm². Rated voltage 0.66kW, permanent 1.0kW, frequency 50 Hz, temperature T 200 ° C, service life of 30 years. Used in areas where there are increased requirements for stability from short circuits, dry and raw rooms, at bridges, canals, mines, overpass.

Copper electric pipes and cables.

Characteristics of brand wires PV1., PV2., PV3., PV4. (Cu wire in PVC isolation) The figure indicates the class of flexibility. Section from 0.5 to 120mm², voltage for networks from 450 - 750V, frequency 400Hz. Can be single-robes and multi-breeds, have many modifications and a huge range of applications: installations, machine tools, houses, trays, plastic pipes etc.
PPV (Cu Wire flat with insulation from PVC) - two and three core, has a separation base with a cross section of 0.75 - 4 mm², temperature to T 70 ° C, voltage for networks from 450 - 750V, frequency 400Hz. It is used when installing power lighting networks on the walls, as well as when laying in channels, pipes.
PVS. (Cu Wire with twisted cores in PVC braid) with a cross section of 0.5 to 2.5mm², PRS - section from 0.5 to 4 mm² - flexible wires with copper veins (2-3). Used mainly for home appliances, extension cords, vacuum cleaners, etc.
PUNP, PBPP (Cu wire with PVC insulation) - two or three vein copper wire with a cross section of up to 4 mm². Widely used in smaller current devices.
MGSH (Copper electric flexible wire mounted with silk insulation) with a cross section of 0.5 - 0.12 mm². MGSHV Single-core flexible cable with a cross section of 0.12-1.5mm². It is used in electronic devices and inter-block connections.
VZH (Cu Power cable in PVC shell and PVC insulation), which can have from one to four lived, a cross section of 1.5 - 502 mm². It is used for laying networks on the street in shadow places. Double cable insulation allows you to mount wiring in floors and partitions of rooms without a channel cable, make a power wiring.
VRG (Cu flexible cable with rubber insulation in PVC shell) - a cross section of 1-240 mm², may have 1-4 veins. Used for air gasket, indoors of various types, bridges and electric hoists.
NRG (Cu flexible power cable with rubber insulating protection in the rubber non-combustible braid) has a round cross section 1-240mm², frequency 50Hz, rated voltage 0.66kW, permanent 1.0kW, service life of 30 years. It is used in mines and canals, indoors with a high probability of flooding.

To carry out wiring in the house it is better to use copper wires. They are more flexible, less frequently shifted during installation, less oxidized, soldering in the usual way, have better electrical conductivity.

Purpose of the winding wire.

Winding wires are used to make windings of electrical machinery and appliances, as well as in the production of radio equipment, TV elements, etc. Such wires from copper of high purity with good conductivity are made.
Here are their some stamps:

PETV - (Wire winding enameled heat-resistant with enamel insulation), is a copper wire-wire, a diameter of 0.063 - 2,500 mm². Enameled wires are characterized by increased resistance to heating (up to 120 ° C) and do not need insulation stripping.
The wire PETV2. Where "2" is the number of layers of varnish on the wire. Phateter diameter from 0.08 to 5 mm². Used for windings of power engines, engines for home appliances and tools, transformers, measuring instruments, coils and relays.

Cable and wires narrow specialization.

TRP (Cu telephone ratification in PVC isolation) - two-housing with a separating base, cross section 0.4 - 0.5 mm². For laying a telephone network. The so-called telephone noodle.
Kpsng (A) - FRLS, KPSNG (a) - FRHF, KPSNG (A) - FRLSLTX - This is a special low-voltage cable for mounting fire alarm and a security fire system. Decoding: NG non-combustible combustion, (a) - category, Ls - low smoke formation, HF - low oxidative activity, LTX-with low toxicity, CPS-cable fire alarm. In accordance with the regulatory documents of GOST 31565-2012 (GOST R 53315-2009), only such cables can be applied in the fire protection system. Wire for alarm must be especially survivable, otherwise security system Does not respond on time. These wires are made by newest technology in the field of cable production for fireguard and signaling.
Before the entry into force, in 2009 of the Federal Law No. 123 "Technical Regulations on fire safety»Fire cables CPSVV and CPSWEV, in a red braid, were successfully used. Now they can only be used for security alarm systems.
USB wire. All multimedia devices and gadgets are equipped with a USB connector. USB 2.0 is high-speed and consists of one twisted pair of 28 AWG for data transmission and two power tests from 20 AWG to 28AWG. All USB cables are decorated, and have a ferrite ring that performs the filter function. Long, can be up to five meters.
Antenna coaxial cable For TV. It has an electrically conductive braid (screen) and isolation of a certain thickness. That is why it turns out to be thick (about 6 mm²). The braid protects it from electromagnetic and electrostatic interference to minimize losses. It has a wave resistance of 75 ohms. For better quality Taking the central vein of the television antenna cable is made of copper, and the screen can be made of both copper braid and aluminum foil. Main types of Markov RK 75, RG 6, RG 59, SAT 50, SAT 703, DG 113 Used for both analog and cable TV and satellite antennas. F-plug is used to join the TV.

Wire for welding machine.

Ks. - The marking is decrypted simply - welding cable. The letter "P" denotes that the wire has polymer protection, the combination of "HF" letters ( high frequency) "PP" (variable and d.C.). Cable for welding machine Copper and resistant to t ° 50c. , and has specials. Insulation from the hose rubber to protect against closure, not combustible. Section 10- 70 mm², operating voltage 600V, frequency 400Hz.
Types of labeling cables for connecting the welding machine:

Kg-T., Used to work at elevated temperature. T to 85 ° C.
Kg-hl, Contains a special cold-resistant rubber (T to -60 ° C).
COG1 Has high flexibility.

Electric pipes - decorative.

the wire – different types wires used, both in houses for wiring and on the street performed in original video. The section is from 0.5 to 2.5 mm², shell, most often, silk. Externally decorative retro electrically looks in the spirit of the old time and consists of two twisted wires. Used retro wire designers in homes from wooden bar And it looks pompous and majestically.
Decorative wires are widely used, and have a variety of modifications. In the interiors of clubs and entertainment institutions, you can meet glowing neon, multicolored wires. Decorative braids will allow you to perform the work of any complexity not only qualitatively, but also beautiful.

The cross section of the current-carrying part of any produced type of cable products is one of its most important characteristics. At the same time, if the insulating cable properties are more to the place of laying, the type of installation and the operating voltage, the cross section is the value from which the load value directly depends on this network, that is, the power of the connected equipment. This parameter must be taken into account when organizing and designing an absolutely any type of wiring, be it industrial facilities or private residential premises. For all types of electrical equipment are provided standard sections Wires and cables. It is measured in mm 2 and is calculated by the diameter of the current-carrying vein, as well as the area of \u200b\u200bthe circumference.

Standard number of sections

There is a standard number of sections of the vein, produced by plants manufacturers of cable products: 0.5; 0.75; one; 1.5; 2.5; four; 6; 10; sixteen; 25; 35; fifty; 70; 95; 120; 150; 185; 240; 300; 400; 500; 625; 800; 1000; 1200; 1600 square meters. mm. At the same time, the maximum cross-conductive conductivity can reach 6000 mm. (CSWDSP-6000 cable).

It is important to note that the minimum value for the aluminum cable is 2.5 mm 2. This is due to the low strength of this metal, since the number of bends until it is significantly less than that of copper, that is, it can easily break in the attachment places during installation.

Good to know

For private houses and apartments, which uses a linear voltage of 0.4 kV and, accordingly, phase 220 is most commonly used by the cross section of the minimum value: 2.5 - aluminum and 1.5 mm. copper. Basically such standard current-handed veins are suitable for lighting chains.

All other sections and, accordingly, their diameters depend on the power and, naturally, the current in the chains of household electrical equipment. To determine the section required for the installation of the wiring below shows the table. On it, knowing the total power electrical devicesconnected to this network can easily find right size lived.

It is recommended to still choose a cross section a bit with a margin, that is, the nearest greater standard value. For example, a voltage in the network is single-phase 220 volts and the owner of the room has the need to power the devices with power, allow, 7 kW. According to the table there is no such power, and there is 5.9 and 8.3 kW. For copper wiring, you will need a cable with a cross section of 4 mm 2. If the budget is limited and there is a task to perform an aluminum wiring, then the nearest larger declare in the table parameter will be 7.9 kW, which corresponds to the living 6 mm 2.

You can also combine the wires of different sections, for example, from the introductory automaton to the distribution box more, and then when there is a layout of the groups of electrobrotters or on the luminaires, you can pave a smaller wire. The main thing, you need to remember about the rules, in the event that such a need has appeared.

At the production of electrical equipment, the electrical equipment is significantly higher than in everyday life, and the voltage in high-voltage networks is 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, etc. That is why the standard sections of the wires and cables are more diverse. This value is calculated with a large margin, since the main most powerful electricity receivers are electric motors, and they can enhance the current in their power circuits 5-7 times higher than the nominal circuit.

However, to power the lighting equipment and the secondary switching chains carried out by control cables, all the same wires of 1.5-2.5 mm 2 are widely used and they are enough.

For power circuits of 6 kV, aluminum cable products from 120 mm 2 are often used. If such a cable cross section is not enough, then two lines connected parallel to each other, thereby separating the load on each of them. In everyday life, such techniques are inappropriate. It occurs for highly powerful equipment installation of circuits with four or even six, parallel to the connected conductors.

There are cases when and for low-voltage chains, cables are needed with a fairly large cross section, such as, for example, in the event of a welding organization.

The choice of the cross section of the wire is very important and individualized, so in the production of these are engaged in the whole design bureaus or individual companies, which include experienced engineers designers.

The main elements of the power cables that are available in any electrical installation and are intended to transmit electrical energy, are conductive veins, insulation, shell and protective covers. (In some types there are still screen, placeholders and protective grounding.)

The main difference between the power cables of different types It is used in their designs of different materials for the manufacture of liveli and insulation, as well as in the type of shell.

Cable cables can be multi-breed or single-wire, and also differ in shape: they are segment, sectoral, round, etc.

In this article we will discuss what materials are used for cable lives.

Basic materials for the manufacture of cables lived - this aluminum and copper. Compare them.

(It is worth saying that veins are made for cables and from steel, as well as bimetallic. However, due to poor conductivity, they are very rarely used in practice, so we will not speak about them below.)

In the manufacture of power cables, the first place among the materials is occupied by electrical copper, which is obtained in the process of electrolytic refining. This process It is not cheap, however, it is he who gives the highest quality conductor. From six classes of conductive livers, which, according to GOST, this product is divided, only copper is suitable for use in products of all classes, including in high flexibility cables.

Aluminum ranks second among the materials used in the production of wires and cables. But since the prices for copper since 2008 increased four times (and before that copper was much more expensive than aluminum), the value of the aluminum roda is increasing. The properties of aluminum (low fracture resistance) is due to the fact that the veins are not used in flexible cables, but only for stationary gasket.

Copper wires can withstand more bends in the same place than aluminum (eighty against twelve). But if we are talking about, for example, the apartment wiring, calmly lying inside the wall, then resistance to bending, of course, loses the value.

Copper veins with a cross section of up to 12 mm 2 make one-robes, 25-95 mm 2 can be multi-stranded, and from 120 to 800 mm 2, only multi-propelled.

Aluminum is softer, and therefore single-run veins from aluminum can be thicker. For aluminum lived, the same numbers appear as follows: less than 35 mm 2 - one-, 50-240 mm 2 - one- or many, and from 300 to 800 mm 2 - exclusively multi-voltage.

From the point of view of resistance to oxidation, the situation is generally the same, the oxidation of aluminum, which the opponents say, occurs only on the surface, whereas inside the vein retains excellent electrically conductive properties. Approximately the same situation with copper - oxidation is superficially, but copper also has much slower.

Aluminum veins are more often used in industry (welding and metallurgical), while copper mainly are material for electrical engineering and gaskets of cables in residential buildings. In addition, the aluminum cable is characterized by a galvanic effect, which leads to the electrocorrosion and reduces the efficiency of the wire. Therefore, despite the high cost of the copper cable, it is in particularly responsible structures.

When choosing a copper cable should be neat. If crude or secondary copper is used in the veins of the power cable, this dramatically reduces not only the cost of producing such a cable, but also its quality. However, neither a micrometer nor the scales will help to open this drawback - there will be an ohmmeter - the resistance of the cable from crude copper above the reference resistance of pure copper veins.

So, what are the conclusions need to be made? Aluminum cable Much cheaper copper, but inferior to him almost all other parameters. Accordingly, before choosing aluminum, you need to weigh thoroughly, whether any of its deficiencies will affect. Only if you are absolutely sure that the cable does not have to be able to shift or lay in hard to reach places, I don't have to go very much, it will not be necessary to work under high voltages and it will not be necessary to work for a long time (decades), then you can take aluminum. In all other cases (as well as if there are doubts), we recommend copper.