Is it possible to connect a copper cable with aluminum. How to combine aluminum and copper wire. Features of the connection of wires indoors and on the street

How to connect two aluminum wires? It would seem that a rather banal question, but here the first answer coming to mind is not always faithful. After all, the twist of the wires is prohibited by PUE standards, and it is possible to connect any wires only by crimping, soldering, welding and with screw numbers. And how to do it right, we will talk in our article.

But we offer our conversation from a quick analysis of the properties of the aluminum wire. This will allow you to identify problem areas and understand possible problems when installing it.

Let's start with the advantages of the aluminum wire. The main one is the price that is an order of magnitude lower than that of the main competitor - copper.
Another advantage of this material is its ease. It led to its widespread use in power lines, where weight is very important.
Well, the last advantage is its resistance to corrosion. Aluminum is almost instantly covered by a resistant oxide film, which prevents further oxidation. At the same time, this film has a negative moments - it is a very bad electrical current conductor.

Then they went some solid disadvantages. And the first of them is the low electrical conductivity of aluminum. For this material, it is 38 × 106 cm / m. To compare in copper, this parameter is 59, 5 × 106 cm / m. This is poured into the fact that, for example, a copper wire with a cross section of 1 mm2 is capable of passing a current almost 2 times greater than a similar wire from aluminum.

The following weighty disadvantage is that aluminum wires have very low flexibility. In this regard, they cannot be used in places where the wiring is subject to multiple bending or other mechanical impacts during operation.
Well, finally, the instruction says that aluminum has such a bad property as fluidity. As a result of thermal and mechanical impacts, it may lose its form, which is extremely negatively reflected on the contact compounds.

Note! According to PUE standards since 2001, use aluminum wire for mounting wiring in residential premises is prohibited. Such a ban significantly reduced the use of aluminum wiring in everyday life.

Methods for connecting aluminum wires

As we have already spoken above, aluminum wires can be connected to four main ways - these are screw or bolted compounds, presses, welding and soldering. Let's analyze the features of each of these types of compounds.

Compression of aluminum wires by compressive

Let's start with the most common method of compound - compressive. It can be several species - bolted, screw or with a pressure spring, which is used in WAGO terminals.

	The connection of aluminum wires with each other with this type of connection is connected by one drawback. If you use conventional screw terminals, then with the help of the screw, you can completely or partially transmit a soft aluminum residential. This will either reduce or completely destroy contact.
	To exclude this option, the compound should be performed through special contact nozzles made of brass. Brass has less elasticity and harder it. Therefore, such nozzles provide reliable contact and exclude the probability of damage to the wire.
	For bolted aluminum wire connections, special tips should also use. They are attached to the wire or cable by crimping and then these tips are connected by a bolted method.
	As for the WAGO terminals, then everything is much easier. This type of connection cannot damage the wire, so such terminal cables can be used without additional nozzles. This to a certain extent compensates for their higher price.

Connection of aluminum wires with the press method

Recently, the compound of aluminum wires of the sleeve is becoming increasingly popular. This is partly due to the large propagation of crymenperes or, as they are also called crimping ticks. This tool allows crimping wires of different sections providing sufficiently reliable contact.

Connection of wires with crimping is performed using special sleeves. These sleeves are produced different diameters and materials. To connect aluminum wires, either aluminum or brass sleeves should be used. Copper cannot be used in any case, since the compound of these two materials can lead to the formation of galvanic junctions and ultimately complete the destruction of the aluminum conductor.

When installing electrical wiring, the question of connecting copper and aluminum wires is sometimes faced. This issue is especially relevant in electrical work in the old residential foundation, where the main part of the power grid is made of aluminum wire. How to connect an aluminum and copper wire to avoid electrical wiring problems in the future will be considered in this review.

What is the complexity of the compound of copper and aluminum wiring directly

As is known, the cause of the problems of direct compound of copper and aluminum is electrocorrosive processes. In a dry environment, nothing will happen with direct contact, but with an increased humidity, a short-circuited galvanic element is formed at the connection site, in which the metals begins to play the role of the battery with a plus and minus. The metal itself is practically inspecting, as a result of which the network is breaking with a possible short circuit and the ignition of isolation. What in turn can lead to a fire.

In order to avoid this, for an indirect compound of copper and aluminum wiring, various kinds of contact devices are used.

All connection methods can be divided into 2 groups on the presence of wire contact:

There is a direct contact between the wires: twist, crimping, rivet connection, straps.
Direct contact between wires is missing: threaded fixation, connection of different types of terminal.

Important! To connect aluminum and copper wires, it is recommended to use methods from the second group. It is allowed to use compounds from the 1st group under the condition of processing the copper wire. For example, it can be irresistible.

Twist

The main method of connecting wires in household conditions is sufficiently convenient because it does not require special tools and equipment. But in the case of a compound of aluminum and copper wire, this method must be used extremely carefully, following the following conditions:

The jig connection is made with a mutual twisting of both ends of the wire with each other, it is not allowed to wind the end of one vein on another;
Copper cable before twisting is recommended to irradiate with tin or solder, this moment is especially important for a stranded copper wire;
To connect the aluminum and copper wire, the applying of protective moisture resistant coating.

There are three main varieties of twist: simple, bandage and twist groove. It should be noted that the best results will give a bandage twist. When performing a twist, it is worth considering that the amount of turns directly depends on the diameter of the wiring, so for the wire to 1 mm diameter, it is necessary to make a minimum of 5 turns, for large sections of at least three turns. In addition to moisture insulation, you do not need to forget about the electrical insulation of the twist, for this you can use special tips.

A high-quality twist will last long enough, but the correct guarantee can only be given to the use of indirect connections.

How to make a twist

First you need to prepare ends lived. To do this, remove the insulation at a distance of 3-5 cm from the edge of the cable. It should be noted that the heat shrink tube is dressed on one of the wires, to a twist, upon completion of all operations, the tube shifts to an open place and fixed on it. After cleaning the ends, you need to twist the wires on the proposed scheme. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the veins are mutually wrapped, and there was no lining of one cable vein to another.

For the convenience of twisting a stranded copper cable, its veins can and need to lose. It should also be noted that copper mud in any case increases the reliability of the junction of the twist. After twisting, the connection location must be covered with moisture-resistant varnish. Electrizolation can be carried out using a shrink tube or caps of caps with a soft clip or a cone spring.

Isolation of the ends of the wire cap with the cone spring

Important! Without extreme need to apply a twist to connect the copper and aluminum cable, it is not recommended. Currently there are quite a lot of more secure and reliable ways to combine copper and aluminum into one network.

In this case, a metal or plastic sleeve or a tip, which is fixed on the compound by press clamp, a special tool for crimping, dresses with a twist. The fixation in this case is carried out by crimping the compound with the material of the sleeve. The sleeves are a metal tube with insulation from PVC materials. The nozzles, as a rule, are plastic caps in which the connection is entered, after which the cap is crimped with press clamps.

Separately, it is necessary to note the connection using nozzles with a clamping ring or a cone spring. In this case, after twisting, it lived, the cap is dressed on the twist, after which rotational movements are screwed to the connection, after which it is simply crimped with pliers. In this case, a soft metal ring inside the cap tightly crimps the connection location. This option crimping is quite available for domestic use.

Threaded fixation

Reliable, although a somewhat bulky way of compounding copper and aluminum wiring is a threaded connection, in this case the veins are clamped on a thread basis. In order to avoid direct contact, the washer was laid between the random ends.

The advantages of this method of compound in simplicity and versatility. In this way, you can connect several electrically conductive sections. But at the same time, this type of connection is sufficiently bulky, in addition, it is very uncomfortable to isolate. But, at the same time, this type of connection requires only a bolt and nuts.

First of all prepare the ends of the wire. Isolation is removed at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the cut, after which the rings are made of the rings with a diameter of slightly more than the diameter of the bolt or ripples. With these rings, the wire dresses on a ripper or threaded part of the bolt. A spring washer is labeled between aluminum and copper cable, this is necessary in order to be direct contact between these metals. After that the connection is fixed by tightening the nut or a riveter.

It is worth noting that this option is suitable for the splicing of the wires of sufficient length, when saving the length, which is often found when connecting the lighting electrical equipment to the short ends of the aluminum wire, as often happens in old apartments, it is better to use terminal boxes.

Copper and aluminum wire with ripples

Conduct the wires in this case is carried out by a colored ripper consisting of a tube and core recorded by a riveter. To connect, the prepared veins with navita rings dressed on the rush tube with a gasket - a steel washer. After that, the riveter cripples are crushed, the core crushes the rumble tube, thereby squeezing the metal lived among themselves, thereby fixing the cable veins.

Contact in this case it turns out indefinitive, but at the same time durable and reliable. For this type of connection, a special tool is needed - a riveter and skills to work with it. This method is used mainly to work with wire breaks, the splicing of the wire ends in hard-to-reach places.

Connection with two steel planks

It is possible to connect the copper and aluminum wire with such a cunning method, which also requires a preliminary trafficking of the copper wire with a suspension: to hold the wire with two steel straps, with bolts around the edges. The advantages of the method: the ability to connect several branches at once, without increasing the length of the bolt. The curtain ends lived in this case are located between the planks. The method is applicable to the wires of one section.

Important! The connection with two steel straps requires mandatory external insulation, as well as the preparation of the copper wire with a suspension.

Terminal and terminal boxes

Comfortable and reliable connection method. The terminal block is a bar of an insulating material in which the jacks for the wire are placed. The fixation of the wire in the sockets is carried out by clamping bolts. An important feature in our case is the lack of contacts of the wires among themselves. For connecting copper and aluminum wire, only dumping.

The terminal box is a system of several separately placed terminal workers combined into one design and having several conclusions.

The advantages of this method of compound are:

Easy installation, electrician knife is enough to stripping wire ends and screwdrivers for tightening screws;
The reliability of isolation, very often, when using a terminal bar or terminal box, additional insulation is not required;
Neutility to the length of the wire, for fixing the wires in the terminal box, is enough 1-2 cm wires.

At the same time, for mounting the hidden wiring in the wall, the terminal bar requires the installation of the junction box. Without a junction box, the installation of hidden wiring is invalid. But in this case, you can use a terminal box for hidden editing.

When working with a terminal box, it is important to carefully fix the ends of the wire in the nest, especially for aluminum wires. This is especially important when installing the box on the street or indoors, in which temperature fluctuations are possible.

Combination with spring and self-consuming terminal

Currently, both terminal blocks and terminals of reusable applications and one-time are produced.

spring terminal blocks and multiple use terminals have a fixing spring, which can be loosened with a lift of the lever located on the instrument housing. This allows you to get or insert the wire without an application effort. Lowering the lever reliably records cable veins;
single-use terminals automatically clamp wire when installing it into the socket, the removal of the wire will require a physical force that can damage the clamping spring, so their single use is recommended.

Both reusable and terminals of single use are available in a wide range, including with a different amount of plug-in wiring branches intended for fixing the wire with a cross section from 0.08 mm² to 6 mm². Including, and in the form of ready-to-install, terminal boxes. This method of connecting an aluminum and copper wire is currently the most optimal in terms of reliability and ease of use.

Sing of the spring terminal and placement of the connection in the junction box

Terminal boxes with spring clamps were first issued by the German company WAGO, from which they received their name, but at present there are a large number of analogues, including counterfeit origin. For this reason, it is necessary to acquire spring terminal boxes only in electrical stores. When purchasing terminal boxes on the market, there is a high probability to purchase low-quality products that do not meet the claims.

To fix the wires in the terminal box, it is necessary to prepare wires, for this remove the insulation from them, the size of the bare part should be at least 0.5 cm. After that, the open part of the cable cable is inserted into the desired slot of the terminal box and is fixed in it by means of a spring clamp or screw. It should be noted that the fastening in the terminal box usually does not require additional insulation, but at the same time when they are located in the wall, a junction box is required. Thus, spring terminals have a number of advantages over the rest of the connections due to the convenience of connecting.

conclusions

Thus, it is possible to combine copper and aluminum wire, but it is necessary to take into account the location of the cable, the environment. Two, copper and aluminum can be connected only in a dry room. With increasing humidity in the room, this connection may be unusable and more than cause a fire. The most optimal is the method of connecting wiring through spring terminal shots.

The main advantage of this method is stable fixation in any surrounding conditions. With all the advantages of a screw terminal, a threaded or a casual compound when operating under conditions of a sharp change of temperature, it is possible to loosen the contact under the screw. Due to the difference in temperature expansion of wires of wires. As a result of these changes, contact or short circuit is possible. Thus, with all the variety of methods for connecting copper and aluminum wiring, the most secure method is currently at the present time is the use of self-arc terminal.

Video on the topic

To date, there are many ways to connect wires in the junction box.

Here from which factors depends the choice of the connector:

Material veins (copper or aluminum).
Working conditions (on the street, in the apartment, in water, in the ground, in the floor, ordinary conditions).
The number of conductors (two, three, four, etc.).
The cross section lived (the same, different).
The structure of the vein (single-run or multi-proper).

Based on these factors, the most suitable and correct method is selected. To begin with, consider the materials with which you can connect the electrical wires in the junction box.

Existing methods

The following connection options are considered the most popular and effective:

the use of terminal blocks;
installation of spring terminals (WAGO);
fixation with siza (plastic caps);
pressing sleeves;
soldering;
twist;
installation of "nuts";
use bolts.

Consider the essence, advantages and disadvantages of each method!

Installation of Caps Sizes

SIZ is decrypted as connecting insulating clamps. Products are ordinary plastic caps having inside a special spring, which holds wires.

Most often, such caps are used to connect lived in junction boxes.

Advantages of using product data:

low Cost of PPE;
the caps are made of non-flammable material, so the twist will not happen in the place;
quick installation;
caps have a wide range of color shades. For example, if the wires do not have, using Sizes, you can note (using a white, blue and green cap).

Disadvantages:

relatively weak quality of insulation and fixation;
it is impossible to connect aluminum with copper.

Pressing special sleeves

Twist and insulation

The old "grandfather" method consists in twisting lived among themselves. The essence of the work is that the conductors are cleaned and thoroughly tightened by the passage, after which the twist place is insulated.

Benefits:

simplicity of electrical work;
lack of material costs.

Disadvantages:

bad quality bonded lived;
unacceptable connection of aluminum and copper products.

With existing methods, the connection of wires in the box figured out, now consider the rest, important questions of this topic.

What if there are several wires?

When bonding two contacts, problems usually do not occur. But what should I do if you need to combine three, four or more?

with the help of WAGO terminals;
pressing sleeves;
soldering;
twist using Sizov;
twisting and winding with a tape.

The order of connecting the wires for each of the methods was considered in detail above. We strongly recommend that you use the first option, because It refers to the most modern and efficient. At the same time, the cost of VAG is not too large, and the wiring serves more than 30 years.

What if the veins of different sections?

For the connection, lived various sections in the junction box, it is recommended to use all the same Vago terminal blocks, or a cheaper option - ordinary terminal blocks. In this case, it is necessary to thoroughly tighten the conductors with a screw or fix the flag, and everything is completed.

We draw your attention to the fact that if the wires are made of different material, it is necessary to use special pads with paste inside, which will prevent the oxidation of the vein. Such pads include WAGO products.

Also, the veins of different sections can be fastened with soldering.

Combining stranded and single-core wires

The connection of single-core and stranded wires separately does not have any features, so you can use any of the methods listed above.

In order to implement the fastening, you need to choose one of two options: Vago terminals either soldering. It all depends on your preference, the advantages and disadvantages of each method we provided.

How to carry out work in water and earth

During electrical work, this situation often occurs when it is necessary to clean the wiring under water or in the ground. Now we will briefly consider the features of each of the cases!

In water (for example, when installing the submersible pump), it is recommended to use the following technology. To start the ends solder, after that the soldering place is carefully insulated with a thermoclayer, on top of which is put on. If everything is done high quality and conscience, the joke will be sealed and safe. Otherwise, the output of the power grid.

To connect the electrical wire in the ground (for example, after its mechanical damage), it is recommended to use the method provided above (thermocons and heat shrink), but it is better to protect yourself and the following technique is used. Clear the ends of the cable using the terminal bar, install a hermetic break box, after which you thoroughly pour the box with a special silicone sealant. We draw your attention to the fact that the track under the ground must be additionally placed in a pipe or a box to ensure reliable!

Electricity is not the area where you need to save. It is advisable to do everything carefully, the materials to select high-quality, to choose the sizes / diameters / denominations we suspend. Let's start with the fact that even to connect the conductors is necessary correctly. And choose the wire connection methods - it's not as easy as it seems.

Wire connection methods have about a dozen. In general, they can be divided into two groups: those that require special equipment or specific skills and those who successfully use any domestic master - they do not require any special skills.

The first group includes:

Soldering. When connecting the wires of a small diameter in the amount of -2-3 pieces - a very reliable method. True, requires a soldering iron and some skills of ownership.
Welding. We need a welding machine and special electrodes. But contact is obtained reliable - the conductors are melted into the monolith.
Clamping sleeves. We need sleeves and special pings. The sleeves are selected according to certain rules that need to know. The connection is reliable, but to rebuild it, it will have to cut it.

All these wire connection methods are performed mainly by specialists. If you have handling skills with a soldering iron or a welding machine, having trained on unnecessary trimming, you can do them yourself.

Some wire connection methods are more popular, others - less

Wire connection methods that do not require any specific skills are becoming increasingly popular. Their advantage is quick installation, reliable connection. Disadvantage - Need "Connectors" - terminal blocks, clips, bolts. Some of them are fairly decent money (WAGO terminals, for example), although there are inexpensive options - screw terminal blocks.

So, there are ways to connect wires that differ simplicity:

Among the professionals there are two opposite opinions. Some believe that new ways of connecting wires are the best way, as they accelerate the installation without compromising the quality of the connection. Others say that the springs someday can weaken and the contact will worsen. In this question, the choice is yours.

Technical nuances of different types of wire connections

All the types described above are used when laying wiring, but the specific type is selected based on several characteristics:

Consider each connection method, the technology of its implementation and the feasibility of use in various situations.

Soldering electrical wires

One of the oldest and widespread types of compounds. To work it will take rosin, solder and soldering iron. The soldering process is:

Actually, on this soldering of electrical wires is completed. Not the most difficult process but requires certain skills. The main thing is to warm up the connection location is enough to solder the chapel between all the wires. At the same time it is impossible to overheat, otherwise the isolation is melted. This is the art - not to burn isolation, but ensure reliable contact.

When can I use a soldering? This method of wire connecting perfectly manifests itself in a minor electrician. When connecting wires in the junction box, it is no longer very convenient. Especially if there are a lot of wires and / or they are large diameter. Lead such a twist - the task is not for newcomers. In addition, when trying to lay a connection in the junction box, the soldering starts to collapse. Up to the point that some wires fall off. In general, the method is good when connecting the conductors of small diameters.

Welding of conductors in electrical connections

One of the most reliable ways of connecting wires - welding. During this process, the metal of individual conductors is brought to the melting point, stirred, after cooling is a monolith. Very good, this method works on large diameters or with a large number of connected conductors. It differs not just an excellent contact, which over time does not weaken and does not change its characteristics. It is also mechanically very durable - the fused part does not allow the connection to be collapsed even at high loads.

Drop at the end of the twist - melted aluminum

Disadvantages are also present. The first - just that the conductors are melted, that is, the connection is absolutely delicate. If you need to rebel to it, you have to delete the fused part and all start to start. To have the opportunity to do it, you should always leave a small ground along the length of the wires. The second drawback is a welding machine, the skills of handling it, special electrodes for aluminum or copper welding. The main task in this case is not to burn isolation, but to melt the conductors. So that it can be carried out, they are cleaned of the insulation of about 10 cm, tightly twisted into the harness, after which they weld at the very end.

Another lack of wire welding is a time-consuming process, which also requires jewelry accuracy in handling the welding machine. For the combination of these qualities, many professionals do not like this method. If you pull the wiring "for yourself" and know how to handle equipment, you can spend some time. Only pre-work on trimming, pick up the current and welding time. Only after you get everything you perfectly, you can start welding the wires "in real life".

Pressing

Another method requiring special equipment - crimping wires by sleeves. The sleeves are copper and aluminum, different diameters. The material is chosen depending on the material of the conductor, and the size is selected by diameter and the number of wires in a particular connection. They should be filled almost all the space inside the sleeve, but it should be free space. The quality of the contact is depeted from the correctness of the size of the size of the sleeve. This is the main complexity of this method of connecting the wires: the sleeve should not be too big or too small.

Technology of work Such:

Explorers are cleaned with isolation (length of the stripped area - a little longer than the sleeve).
Each conductor is tested to a pure metal (removing the oxides with sandpaper with low grain).
Wires twisted, inserted into the sleeve.
Cropped with special ticks.

It seems simple, but it is in the selection of a sleeve and the presence of ticks all the complexity. You can, of course, try to blame passatias or pliers. But it is impossible to guarantee normal contact in this case.

Twist

In the first section of the article, we deliberately lowered the twist of the wires. According to the current standard, it cannot be used, as it does not provide proper contact and reliability of the connection. This method can replace any other wire connection methods.

Yes, on twists they made a wiring 20-30 years ago and everything worked fine. But what then were the loads on the network, and what now ... Today, the number of equipment in a regular apartment or a private house has increased at times and most of the equipment demanding power supply. Some species simply will not work under reduced voltage.

What is so bad twist? The wires twisted in the harness do not give a fairly good contact. At first, everything is fine, but over time, the metal is covered with an oxide film that significantly worsens contact. With insufficient contact, the connection place begins to warm up, the temperature rise causes more active formation of an oxide film, which further worsens contact. At some point, the twist heats up very strongly, which can lead to a fire. It is for this reason that it is better to choose any other way. There are which are even faster and easier, but which are more reliable.

Isolation of compounds

All Wiring Connections described above - welding, soldering, crimping the sleeve - provide for their insulation, as the bare conductive conductors must be protected. For these purposes, the tape or heat shrink tube is used.

How to use the tape, probably everyone knows, but we will tell about the heat shrinking tubes. This is a polymer hollow tube, which, with an increase in temperature, significantly reduces its diameter (2-6 times, depending on the species). The size is selected so that the propulsion volume is larger than the diameter of insulated wires, and the post-witted one. In this case, a dense adjacent of the polymer is ensured, which guarantees a good degree of isolation.

Heat shrink tubes for insulation of conductors can be different diameters and colors

In addition to the size of the heat shrinking tubes, they are selected by special characteristics. They are:

heat-resistant;
light stabilized (for outdoor use);
oil-gas resistant;
resistant to chemical substances.

The cost of heat shrink tubes is not very high - from $ 0.5 to $ 0.75 per 1 meter. Their length should be slightly larger than the length of the bare conductors - so that one edge of the tube was pulled on the insulation of the conductors by about 0.5 cm, and the second is 0.5-1 cm braided. After the tube is stretched, they take the heat source (you can use a lighter) and heated the tube. The heating temperature can be different - from 60 ° C to + 120 ° C. After the connection is covered, the heating is stopped, after which the polymer coolers quickly.

The time isolation of wires with a shrink tube takes a little - the account goes for seconds - and the insulation quality is high. Sometimes, for greater reliability, two tubes can use - slightly smaller and slightly larger diameter. In this case, first put on and warm one tube, then the second. Such compounds can be operated even in water.

Terminal blocks

This method also prefer to use electricians, but it can easily use a person who can hold a typical screwdriver in his hands. This is one of the first ways to connect electrical wires without soldering. Today, almost on each electrical appliance you can see the option of this connection - this is an output block to which the power cord is connected.

Terminal pads are a contact plate, which is posted in a plastic (polymer) or carbolite case. They stand very little, eat in almost any store selling electrical goods.

Terminal blocks are convenient, inexpensive, allow combined copper and aluminum wires, conductors of different diameters, one- and multi-

The connection occurs literally in seconds. The insulation is removed from the conductor (approximately 0.5-0.7 cm), the oxide film is removed. Two conductors are inserted into the nest - one opposite the other - and fixed with bolts. These bolts pressed the metal to the contact plate, providing a connection.

The advantage of this method of compound: can be connected wires of various sections, single-core with stranded. Disadvantage - only a pair of wires is connected. To connect three and more must be installed jumpers.

Caps Sizes

Another way of connecting wires that does not require special skills - installation of CAP caps. They are a plastic cone-shaped case, inside of which the spring is robbed. They are of different sizes - from 0 to 5. You can connect the wires of different diameters - on each package the minimum and maximum and minimum total cross-section of the connected wires is written. In addition, there are housings simply in the form of a cone, there are "ears" with the stops that make them easier. When choosing, pay attention to the quality of plastic - it should not be fed.

Connect the wires using PPE is very simple: clean the insulation, collect the wires into the bundle, insert the cap inside and start twist. The spring inside the cap captures the conductors, helping them twist. As a result, a twist is obtained, which is wrapped in the outside of the springs on the outside. That is, contact is obtained very high quality and good. This method of connecting wires with caps of PPE has long been in Europe and America, it came to us about 10 years ago.

If we need ways to connect wires without welding - consider PP

There is another way: first the wires are twisted, then the caps are put on them. This is a way of constructed by the Russian campaign, which produces these connectors for wires - KZT. But this technique requires more time, and the quality of the connection does not differ.

There is one more point: what length to clean the wire insulation. Manufacturers on this score give clear instructions - for each size of its length of the bare conductors. It is designed so that all conductors without insulation are inside the hull. If you do this, the connection does not require additional isolation, which is much accelerating the process. The coma of that extended lower part does not prevent the heat assignment and the compound is heated less.

Practicing electricians advise to clean the wires by 5-10 cm, and the leaving without insulation the twist to exhibit. It is argued by the fact that the area of \u200b\u200bcontact with this version is obtained more. It is so, but this option is heated stronger. And the standard solution with reliability. Contact problems E sometimes (with normal CAP).

Wago clamps

The hottest disputes broke out exactly about Vago. One product is unconditionally liked, others do not like. And no less categorically. The opponents of using WAGO do not like the fact that the contamination is based on the spring. They say that she can relax. This will lead to a deterioration in contact and overheating. And give photos with molten clamps. Supporters of this method are testing tests and comparisons, they suggest that the correctly selected corporate clamp serves many years without signs of the deterioration of contact. Yes, and manufacturers suggest that, subject to technology, WAGO terminals can be operated for 25-35 years. It is important to choose the right type and parameters and not to buy a fake (there are a lot of them).

There are two types of Wago clamps. The first series is slightly less expensive, called WAGO. These clamps are suitable for connecting single-core and stranded wires with a cross section of 0.5-4 mm2. For the conductors of smaller or large sections there is another series - Cage Clamp. It has a very wide range of use - 0.08-35 mm2, but also a large value. In any case, contact is provided with a contact plate of good copper. The special form of the plate allows you to achieve reliable contact.

Connecting

In addition, the spring-loaded wage clamps are detachable (222 series) and inepent (773 and 273 series). Connectors are convenient to put in those places where network configuration changes are possible. For example, in junction boxes. They have levers that are clamping or released. WAGO detachable terminals can be connected from 2 to 5 conductors. Moreover, they can be of different sections, such as (single-core and stranded). The order of connecting the wires is:

We repeat the same operation with another (other) wires. All this takes a few seconds. Very fast and convenient. It is not surprising that many professional electricians have forgotten other ways to connect wires.

Permanent

Local series are distinguished by the structure: there is a clamping case and cap. The cap can be made of transparent polymer (773 series) or from opaque plastic (223). In the case there are holes in which the wires stripped from insulation are inserted.

To ensure normal contact, it is only necessary to correctly remove the insulation - exactly 12-13 mm. Such a requirement places the manufacturer. After the conductor is inserted, its bare part should be in the terminal bar, and the insulation should be restarted into the body. Under such conditions, contact will be reliable.

Bolt connection

Another type of electrical wires with solid experience is bolted. It is called because it uses a bolt, nut and several washers to connect the wires. Contact due to the use of the washer is not bad, but the entire design takes a lot of space and uncomfortable in laying. It is used mainly if you need to connect conductors from different metal - aluminum and copper.

The procedure for assembling the connection is such:

We clean the wires from isolation.
From the stripped part we form a loop, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the bolt.
On the bolt we put in such a sequence
- washer (it rests on the head of the bolt);
- one of the conductors;
- other washer;
- second conductor;
- third washer;
Tighten all the nut.

So you can connect not only two, but also three, and more wires. Please note that it is necessary to delay the nut not only with your hands. It is necessary to use wrench, attach solid efforts.

Best Wiring Connection Methods for Different Cases

Since different wires can be connected, they can be operated in different conditions, the optimal way to choose considering all these nuances. We give the most common situations:

These are the most common options for non-standard connections.

Any cable consists of aluminum or copper circuits lived. Rules of electrical installation devices The usual twist of such wires is strictly prohibited. But there are situations when installing when there are no options except to combine aluminum and copper wire. There are a lot of such features. It remains only to choose accessible and safe.

Electrochemical destruction of metals

It is often mentioned about the impossibility of the combination of aluminum and copper. This is true of the analysis of the chemical compatibility of metals. In the world of modern technologies, you can meet dozens of conjugations of metal pairs.

There is a notion of the difference in electrochemical potentials whose indicators are reduced to a special reference table. From it, if necessary, take Indicators and are determined with the compatibility:

Copper - lead-tin solder 25 mV.
Aluminum - lead-tin solder 40 mV.
Copper - steel 40 mV.
Aluminum - steel 20 mV.
Copper - zinc 85 mV.

To represent what is happening, it is necessary to understand the reactions in which electrodes from various metals are entering into contact.

In the absence of moisture, the reliability of contact is indisputable. But there is no ideal setting. The humidity of the atmosphere always adversely affects the quality of the compounds. Any electrochemical potential has any conductor. This property in practice is applied in the work of batteries.

Finding into contacting planes from various compounds, water creates a short-circuited galvanized medium. One wiring starts to deform. The material from which it is produced is also destroyed.

Wire connection methods from different metals

Technological rules allow direct links of different metal conductors with a coefficient of electrochemical potential of more than 0.6 Millivolt. According to the table data, it equals 0.65 mV for ligaments, which makes such a combination of unacceptable. However, there are methods for the correct relationship of the differing wires.

Cable connection by twisting

The most famousBut the unreliable acceptance is called a twist. Such a method does not require special skills and light for manufacture. For these reasons, it is often used quite often. Before connecting aluminum wire With copper, you need to present what is happening in a similar combination at temperature differences and precipitation:

The connection has a gap.
Increased resistance at the bundle point.
Heat.
Cable oxidation, contact destruction.

To ensure a safe relationship, this method will not suit. Although if you perform certain operations, in some cases you can apply a twist for connecting an aluminum and copper wire:

Threaded wire connection

Such a method is performed by the clip of the ends of the cable into the bolted mount. This is the most reliable connection of aluminum and copper wires. It guarantees tight contact for the entire period of use of a twist. Replacing bolts of various lengths makes it possible to combine unlimited cables:

Of different sections.
Multi-voltage about monolithic.
With washers to exclude direct touch of copper and aluminum lived.

Procedure:

Cut the insulating coating on the length needed for fastener.
Salphing and degreased stripped areas. Multi-voltage cable to lose. Cases connect with thread through steel washers.
Tighten the nut tight.
Before extreme washers, shock absorbers are placed to prevent patching and breaking wire. When burning, it straightens and the connection will be fixed.

Connection of different cables terminal

The splicing of cables through terminal compounds received wide distribution in recent times. Although the quality of contact It is inferior to the bolted, indisputable advantages also have:

Wires are connected in an arbitrary order.
No need to make connective rings and put on the tips.
Constructive features of terminal shots do not allow closures of wires.
Isolating contact location is not required.
Works on connecting terminal contacts are simple.

The ends of the wires are taken apart by approximately five millimeters, insert into the clamp and stretch. This method is indispensable when connecting aluminum cables, whose veins are broken from multiple folds.

Repair of damaged cables using terminal shots is also the only permissible due to the low wire length. After the splicing mounted a splitting box.

From numerous connecting The devices are not the last place occupy the German spring terminals of the Vago eponymous company. They are both disposable and with a clip for repeated splicing of the wire. Such terminal workers are used when working with single-wire wires with a cross section from one and a half to two and a half square from any metals in insulating boxes. According to the passport, they are designed for twenty-four amps by load. Contacts are processed by a special composition to prevent oxidation.

These are the simplest on the method of applying the device. The wire is cleaned and inserted into the block with an effort. Fixation reliable. Get the wire is possible with a well-appointed effort. The spring unit at the same time is destroyed and the reuse is impossible, which is the greatest drawback of this product.

Reusable Terminals Wago. The orange lever is designed to use wires of any type with a cross-section area up to four square millimeters and currents up to thirty-four amps. Apply multiple to complete wear.

The use method is available to anyone. Isolation is insulating for about ten millimeters, the lever rises, the wire fit into the canal and the lever slams. The connection is fixed.

Vago Terminmbles are effective devices for installation of electrical networks. They do not require the use of special tools, but quite the road.

Monolithic method of compound

The method of performing such a compound is similar to the threaded. A rinse and a special device are used as the mounting element. The nipper represents a hollow rod of aluminum thickened on the one hand. It is placed with a wire heap with a hat. When passing through the cavity, it creates thickening on one side. Then the stud is decayed, Forming a ripple.

If you do not take into account the price of the closure, this contact method becomes the most affordable not counting twisting. The minus of such contact is a disposable and the inability of separation in case of erroneous performance.

The use of special copper sleeves will be another way of all-point combining of conductors. They are produced different sizes, for each cable cross section. They have been drawn with bare ends of the wires and crimped with special ticks. This method is the most compact parted with a twist.

Wire connection soldering

If there is a desire, the heterogeneous wires can be discouraged. This method must take into account certain technological features. Before connecting the wires, aluminum and copper should be prepared for soldering. Copper does not require special tricks. Another thing is the aluminum wire. On its surface, an oxide film - Amalgam is formed under the influence of ambient air. It resists chemical and the solder does not stick to it.

To neutralize it will have to make an easy device. The tip of the aluminum wire is preparing and processed by a solution of copper mood. The battery is taken in the minus the minus is attached to this conductor. The copper wire is fixed on a plus in one end, and the second is plunged into the same solution. After the expiration of a certain time interval, aluminum will cover copper raid and will be available for soldering.

Specificity of compounds with outdoor mounting

Electrical connections under outdoor mounting are exposed to various weather factors. Insulation requirements are more rigid. In order to prevent closures, a clamping nut is used.

In its plastic shell, metal clamps are placed, in which the wires are connected by tightening the screws. Halves of housing are tightly compressed with screws or spring rings. Such a cocoon guarantees protection against external weather fluctuations. This is a rather large compound, but under street location, this is not critical.