Wire connection methods: twist, soldering, welding, crimping, clermin. Overview of the methods of connecting electrical wires How to connect aluminum and copper conductors

First of all, you must understand that various types of compounds can be applied in different conditions. And their choice depends on the specifically set task.

For example, connect the wires of small sections to 2.5mm2 in a compact distribution unit, much more convenient for terminals or clamps. But if we are talking about a stroke or cable channel, then the sleeves come out here.

Consider the three most simple and at the same time reliable type of compounds.

Let's start with the SIZ type connections. It decrypts as:

FROMotic

ANDolive

Z.anim

It looks like a simple cap. There can be different colors.

Moreover, each color means belonging to specific sections lived.

The veins are inserted into this cap and twisted with each other.

How to do it right, first twist the veins and then dress the cap or twist them directly with the SIZOM itself, is considered in detail in the article. "

As a result, thanks to SIZE, you get the old good twist, only immediately protected and isolated.

In addition, with a spring-loaded contact that does not let her relax.

In addition, this process can be slightly automated, applying the nozzle under the SIZY for the screwdriver. This is also described in the above article.

The following type is Wago Terminals. They also come in different sizes, and under a different number of wires connected - two, three, five, eight.

They can be shown between themselves both monasons and a multi-proper wire.

Moreover, this can be implemented both in different types of Vago and in one single.

For multi-boosters, the clamp should have a latch flag that in the open state without difficulty allows you to insert the wire and clamp it inside after snapping.

These terminals in the home wiring at the application of the manufacturer calmly maintain the load up to 24a (light, sockets).

Separate compact instances and 32a-41a come across.

Here are the most popular types of WAGO clamps, their marking, characteristics and under what section are calculated:

Series 2273 Series 221-222 Series 243 Series 773 Series 224

There is also an industrial series under the cross section of cables to 95mm2. The terminals they are really big, but the principle of work is almost the same as in small.

When you measure the load on such clamps, with a current value of more than 200a, and at the same time you see that nothing burns and does not heat, many people disappear in the production of WAGO.

If you have Vago's original clamps, not the Chinese counterfeit, and the line is protected by a circuit breaker with a properly selected settling, then such a type of connection can be called the simplest, modern and convenient in the installation.

Break out any of the above conditions and the result will be quite natural.

Therefore, you do not need to put WAGO on 24a and at the same time protect such an automatic receipt by 25a. Contact in this case during overload you will be unworn.

Always pick up the Vago Terminals correctly.

Machines, as a rule, you already stand, and they protect the electrical wiring first, and not the load and the end user.

There is also a fairly old type of compound, such as terminal blocks. ZVI - screw clip isolated.

It looks like this is a very simple screw connection of the wires. Again, it happens to different sections and a variety of forms.

Here are their specifications (current, section, sizes, torque screws):

However, ZVI has a number of significant disadvantages, due to which it cannot be called the most successful and reliable compound.

In this way, you can connect only two wires with each other. Unless of course, do not specifically choose large pads and do not shove there by a few lived. What to do is not recommended.

Such a screw connection is well suited for monashed, but for multi-proper flexible wires - no.

For flexible wires, you will have to press them with NSHVI tips and carry extra costs.

In the network you can find videos, where the transition resistances on different types of compounds are measured in the microgrammeter.

Surprisingly, the smallest value is obtained by screw clamps.

But we should not forget that this experiment refers to "fresh contacts". And try to make the same measurements in a year or two intensive exploitation. The results will be completely different.

Compound of copper and aluminum

Often it comes across the situation when it is necessary to connect a copper conductor with aluminum. Since the chemical properties of copper and aluminum are different, the direct contact between them, when accessing oxygen, leads to oxidation. Often even copper contacts on circuit breakers are subject to such a phenomenon.

A oxide film is formed, resistance increases, heating occurs. Here it is recommended to use 3 options to avoid this:

They remove direct contact between aluminum and copper. Communication occurs through Steel.

Contacts are divided into separate cells, plus the paste prevents air access and does not allow the process of oxidation.

The third simple way to connect the conductors is crimping sleeves.

Gelza GML is most often used for docking copper wires. Deciphered as:

G.ilsa

M.enthan

L.unclear

For a compound of pure aluminum - ha (aluminum sleeve):

To transition from copper on aluminum special transition gaps:

What is the process of crimping? Everything is simple enough. Take two conductors, clean it on the required distance.

After that, on each side of the sleeve, the conductors are inserted into the inside, and all this case is crimped with press ticks.

With obvious simplicity, there are several rules and nuances in this procedure, if not compliance with which can be easily spoiled, it would seem reliable contact. Read about these errors and rules how to avoid them in the articles "" and ".

To work with conductors of large sections, 35mmm2-240mm2 is used hydraulic press.

To sections 35mmm2, it is possible to apply mechanical with a big scope of the handles.

The sleeve must be crimped from two to four times, depending on the cross section of the wire and the length of the tube.

The most important thing in this work is to choose the right size of the sleeve.

For example, when connecting monaspeted, the sleeve is usually taken to the size of a smaller cross section.

And thus, you can connect several conductors at the same time at the same time. This will use only one sleeve.

The main thing is to fully fill it in the internally space. If you contemplate three conductor at the same time, and you still have even emptiness, then you need to "score" with additional pieces of the same wire or smaller conductors.

Pressing the guilt is one of the most versatile and reliable compounds, especially if necessary, increasing the cable, including the introductory.

Insolation is performed almost equivalent to the main, when using the outer tube here as a casing.

Of course, neither Siza nor Wago, you will not use for these purposes, but the GML sleeve is the most! In this case, everything comes compactly and easily decreases at least in the stroke, even in the cable channel.

Welding and soldering

In addition to all the above combination methods, there are two more species that experienced electricians are rightfully considered the most reliable.

And it is not always that even with it, you can connect an aluminum monasure wire with flexible copper multi-breeding wire. In addition, you forever find yourself tied to a socket or extension.

And if there is no voltage or a generator nearby?

At the same time, elementary press clamps on the contrary, in 90% email. It is not necessary for this to acquire the most expensive and sophisticated.

For example, rechargeable. Convenient, of course, go and only click the button.

With his task, the crimping is well coped with Chinese counterparts. And the whole process of time takes no more than 1 minute.

To date, there are many ways to connect wires in the junction box.

Here from which factors depends the choice of the connector:

Material veins (copper or aluminum).
Working conditions (on the street, in the apartment, in water, in the ground, in the floor, ordinary conditions).
The number of conductors (two, three, four, etc.).
The cross section lived (the same, different).
The structure of the vein (single-run or multi-proper).

Based on these factors, the most suitable and correct method is selected. To begin with, consider the materials with which you can connect the electrical wires in the junction box.

Existing methods

The following connection options are considered the most popular and effective:

the use of terminal blocks;
installation of spring terminals (WAGO);
fixation with siza (plastic caps);
pressing sleeves;
soldering;
twist;
installation of "nuts";
use bolts.

Consider the essence, advantages and disadvantages of each method!

Installation of Caps Sizes

SIZ is decrypted as connecting insulating clamps. Products are ordinary plastic caps having inside a special spring, which holds wires.

Most often, such caps are used to connect lived in junction boxes.

Advantages of using product data:

low Cost of PPE;
the caps are made of non-flammable material, so the twist will not happen in the place;
quick installation;
caps have a wide range of color shades. For example, if the wires do not have, using Sizes, you can note (using a white, blue and green cap).

Disadvantages:

relatively weak quality of insulation and fixation;
it is impossible to connect aluminum with copper.

Pressing special sleeves

Twist and insulation

The old "grandfather" method consists in twisting lived among themselves. The essence of the work is that the conductors are cleaned and thoroughly tightened by the passage, after which the twist place is insulated.

Benefits:

simplicity of electrical work;
lack of material costs.

Disadvantages:

bad quality bonded lived;
unacceptable connection of aluminum and copper products.

With existing methods, the connection of wires in the box figured out, now consider the rest, important questions of this topic.

What if there are several wires?

When bonding two contacts, problems usually do not occur. But what should I do if you need to combine three, four or more?

with the help of WAGO terminals;
pressing sleeves;
soldering;
twist using Sizov;
twisting and winding with a tape.

The order of connecting the wires for each of the methods was considered in detail above. We strongly recommend that you use the first option, because It refers to the most modern and efficient. At the same time, the cost of VAG is not too large, and the wiring serves more than 30 years.

What if the veins of different sections?

For the connection, lived various sections in the junction box, it is recommended to use all the same Vago terminal blocks, or a cheaper option - ordinary terminal blocks. In this case, it is necessary to thoroughly tighten the conductors with a screw or fix the flag, and everything is completed.

We draw your attention to the fact that if the wires are made of different material, it is necessary to use special pads with paste inside, which will prevent the oxidation of the vein. Such pads include WAGO products.

Also, the veins of different sections can be fastened with soldering.

Combining stranded and single-core wires

The connection of single-core and stranded wires separately does not have any features, so you can use any of the methods listed above.

In order to implement the fastening, you need to choose one of two options: Vago terminals either soldering. It all depends on your preference, the advantages and disadvantages of each method we provided.

How to carry out work in water and earth

During electrical work, this situation often occurs when it is necessary to clean the wiring under water or in the ground. Now we will briefly consider the features of each of the cases!

In water (for example, when installing the submersible pump), it is recommended to use the following technology. To start the ends solder, after that the soldering place is carefully insulated with a thermoclayer, on top of which is put on. If everything is done high quality and conscience, the joke will be sealed and safe. Otherwise, the output of the power grid.

To connect the electrical wire in the ground (for example, after its mechanical damage), it is recommended to use the method provided above (thermocons and heat shrink), but it is better to protect yourself and the following technique is used. Clear the ends of the cable using the terminal bar, install a hermetic break box, after which you thoroughly pour the box with a special silicone sealant. We draw your attention to the fact that the track under the ground must be additionally placed in a pipe or a box to ensure reliable!

Let's start with the spinning phrase stuffed. Electricians sometimes joke: "Electrical engineering - science of contacts." After all, always when repairs, wiring always have to deal with the lack of contact.

True, the most common damage is the chain break when passing the current. Typically, this trouble occurs in clips, terminals, twists and other locations of the wires. Nearby trouble If the phase conductor is broken and the chandelier extinted or the washing machine stopped working. We calmly suffer temporary inconveniences (although the disconnected TV is capable of calling a storm of emotions). However, the consequences may be much more serious if the protective bus disconnection occurred. We do not note that, since all household appliances and lamps function, as before, but the risk of electric shock becomes essential.

Often, the deterioration of contact does not lead to the "disconnection of the light", but to heating isolation and fire, as a result of which fires occur, turning into ashes all the cost.

In this article I will try to fully highlight the question correctly connecting the wires. Anyone who has gathered at least do something with the wiring: Whether it is a transfer of a socket or a change of chandelier, causes the theme of reliable and safe, in all respects, connection of conductors.

Sometimes there is an opinion: here, they say, they used to do on the century - and soldered, and welded, not what now ...

So it was before, in responsible cases (in industry), the twist was welded using a transformer and a coal electrode (which was used as a brush from the electric motor). Doug began her tip, creating reliable contact for the years. This method was used for both aluminum and copper wires. They used to the 90s.

Now the situation, compared to the past years, has changed for the better. And the reasons for this are several.

One of them - various terminals and clamps became available. After all, before the wires simply twisted and soaked with a tape. In mass construction, the compound was fixed by plastic caps. They are often used now. Inside them, either a special gel that prevents the oxidation of the wires, or the cone spring, screwed onto the twist, as on the thread. The tool is convenient, but not devoid of flaws. Spring caps are designed for a certain amount of wires: say, four to 1, 5 square meters. mm or two to 4 square meters. mm. - and no more. Therefore, when installing work, you need to have a set of different size.

Another reason for improving the quality of the compounds is to switch to copper wires, instead of aluminum. The embedded three-wire diagram of residential buildings is safer than two-wire. If in the last "zero" conductor performing protective functions, the same current flows as the phase, heating and destroying contacts (about security, in this case, it is not necessary to speak), then in the first scheme for a protective conductor in the operating current current It flows, and the connections made in it do not experience loads and do not degrade over time.

Now electrical installations prefer for stationary installation wire PVA (flexible, stranded), due to the fact that it is easy to twist (it does not have other arguments in favor of such an application). However, the connection must be fixed.

1. soldering? But no one loves her. It is much easier to use the terminal box - insert a clench and tighten one or two screws. In this particular case, it is important that the clamp is performed with a flat plate, not a screw, cutting the veins. If there is no such plate, then it is necessary to disappear or wear a thin-walled tip on the twist, which prevents the sprawling of the wires in the terminal. The main disadvantage of soldering, and it is used mainly on soft multi-breeding veins, in the fact that the displacement of the wire can lead to its cliff where the tinned plot ends. Therefore, it should be avoided if the connection will experience a mechanical impact.

Relayed twist isolate or plastic cap or tape. According to Pue, you must at least three of its layers, that is, one passage with the triple overlap This also applies to cotton (black fabric), and to vinyl tape. The first is more heat-resistant. She "holds" 70-80 degrees, while the second flows at 50-60. However, the C / B material over time loses its water-repellent properties (and even absorbs moisture), therefore, sometimes for greater heat resistance, the inner layer makes tissue, and external - vinyl. It provides tightness.

2. Terminal pads For connecting conductors, professionals use most often, screaming or cutting off with a knife the desired number of cells. Rigid single-string veins when connected are fixed with caps, soldering, screw clamps, welding, spring terminals. For example, convenient pads for one clamp. Two wires are simply inserted into the hole and fix the screw. Another type of terminal workers are capable of pressing with one screw at once two wires placed in parallel, the twist will not be needed in most cases at all. Terminmbles are mainly arranged so that no additional isolation is required. The degree of protection they have - IP20, and it is impossible to touch the current-handing portions. Another line of protection is the plastic case of a shield or a dispenser box.

3. Spring terminals - A good alternative for domestic use. The wire is sufficiently cleaned from the insulation and insert into the hole - there it is fixed by the spring. Moreover, there are models for both hard one-run and soft multi-boosters. One of the advantages of these compact devices is the trouble-free compound of wires of different diameters, both copper and aluminum. They do not contact, which eliminates the electrocorrosion. Moreover, the gel filling inner volume destroys the oxide film on aluminum and protects it from corrosion. Using spring terminals, it should be borne in mind that they connect only the number of wires to which are calculated. Preparing for electrical work, we must thoroughly think about how much and what terminals will need.

Spring terminals are also a good means of connecting together not two, but several wires, and besides different sections. But ordinary terminal blocks are suitable for such purposes. They have a lot of nests from each other. Usually in each nest two screws. Under one screw in the nest we bring the wire, and the ridge presses the second, which electrically connects all the nests of the terminal block.

4. Terminal It is easier to use for a connection of several conductors (there may be many times how many). This is a single copper strap with holes and screw clamps. All circuit parts are well isolated. Bashed in a dispenser box or a distribution cabinet - two or three pieces depending on the type of wiring. Such a design is good for hard conductors, but not quite convenient for flexible: they must be faced or sprinkled with tip.

5. "Nuts". In order to make a branch from a whole wire, you need to make a twist and suck it. And it is possible to use the branch complications known among electricians as "nuts". They are so called due to the similarity of the hull with walnut. Inside two steel plates with grooves for conductors, compressed by four screws. Between them one more - flat. It serves as a barrier when connecting copper and aluminum wires. There are models for both "street" and for "home" works. Most often, they are used when connecting to aluminum wires, such as air lines. In multi-storey residential buildings, with their help, they make taps to apartments from aluminum "riser" (since 2001 they should be performed only by copper wires).

Despite the fact that there is a widespread transition to copper conductors, on sale a lot of aluminum wires. Once they are produced, it is necessary and consumed somewhere. The material is cheap, and its use is quite justified when it does not represent danger. That is why the new rules for them left the loophole.

Aluminum wires are allowed to feed stationary consumers with known in advance, guaranteed power, such as pumps, air conditioners, fans. To the household rosettes, where today is a load of 1 kW, and tomorrow - B kT (wanted, say, get to warm up at the radiator), only copper wires and cables are applied.

According to modern standards in construction, aluminum is widely used for external electrical wiring (airlines, underground cables, etc.), and only copper is allowed in housing.

However, many of our citizens live in houses, where inner wiring, most advantage, from aluminum. And in the near future, they are not going to redo all its copper, but local changes, for example, transfer the socket, still do. In such cases, aluminum, and copper wire are suitable for small repair work. It is only necessary to remember that it is not eliminated by the immediate contact of these two materials. As for aluminum, it should be borne in mind that it is not only fragile and can break after several folds, but also "follows" from under the screws, softening from a small heating of contact when current flowing. At the same time, the force of climbing significantly weakens, which increases the temperature even more.

The ideal option would be a rule: today we collected, tomorrow pulled up, a week again, and every six months we arrange another check with a suspender. This applies to aluminum, but it is extremely desirable to control and screw joints of copper wires at least once every two years.

Any connection must be available for inspection and repair. In practice, this requirement is not always carried out, but this is already talking about the unscrupulousness of the performers. The rules are invented in order to eliminate the likelihood of a fire or lesion of people to the current. Their violation does not necessarily lead to an accident or a deadly outcome, but sharply increases the likelihood of these events.

So that the connections were more convenient to control further, they are performed in the dispensing boxes. This name has been preserved since more times when the wires are only soldered. Now, nothing remains from this operation, and the "swapping" is called any twist, a shift, compound. Usually inside the box there is a terminal bar.

There are models for both hidden and open wiring. Their sizes are selected in accordance with the number of connections and the cross section of the wires.

The above describes various ways to connect wires. Almost all of them are equal rights. Everyone has their own advantages and their drawbacks. Weak, for example, does not require periodic check density checks, but no installer will not make it - too much time takes the easiest connection of two wires. Spring terminals are good - connect instantly, reliable, do not allow to work somehow (no matter how unzipped the electrician, he is forced to do right - he does not have another way), but they are intended only for single-robust livers (there are models and for man-breeding, But they serve to connect one rigid conductor with one flexible) and strictly defined quantities (can not, say, make another branch when all "places" are busy). And the screw clamps have "pros" and "minuses".

If one electrician says it is better to connect with a screw, and the other is that on a twist with a cap, this does not at all mean their different qualifications. Just everyone does the way it is easier, more convenient and more familiar. If the electrical work carried out competently and conscientiously, then there will be no problems in the future, no matter how the compounds are neither.

The most important elements of any electrical network are points of connecting wires. The reliability and durability of the electrical network depends on the quality and correctness of these works. Unfortunately, such poor-quality works can not be diagnosed, the disadvantages are manifested when the system loads. At the same time, a poor quality is started to warm up and this often leads to a fire, which is not always able to localize.

This review describes the main types of wire connections with photos, their classification and application.

Regulatory documents

There are many ways to connect wires. Their use or prohibition is regulated by the current rules of the electrical installation devices (PUE), which approves the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation. They should not contradict the current document.

The regulatory framework over time is adjusted, since there is a steady increase in electricity consumption and some types of compounds do not provide the necessary reliability in modern conditions. For example, in accordance with current rules, it is impossible to use a twist without additional fixation, which has been widely used before, as there are better and no less affordable modern technologies.

In order to determine how it is better to connect wires, it is necessary to study all available technologies, determine their advantages and disadvantages. First of all, they are classified as necessary for additional skills for work. Do not require their fastening using terminals, various spring clamps, bolts and caps of PPE.

Each solution has its advantages and disadvantages. First of all, they differ in the simplicity and reliability of the installation. In general, it can be said that quickly performed contacts with the use of various terminals and clamps can weaken over time and lead to accidents. High-quality contacts made using sleeves, soldering or welding require more time and are not subjected to disassembly.

Thus, reliability is directly proportional to the complexity. Before connecting the wires with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with the instructions. It is worth noting that in all the works it requires preliminary cleaning of materials from an oxide film.

Specifications of various options

Let us consider creating additional tools in more detail. They allow you to get reliable connections designed for large currents.

Soldering

This type of electrical wire connection is widespread. Most often it is used for copper conductors. For this you need a soldering iron, tin and rosin. The sting is wetted by a small amount of molten solder, which is then transferred to a twist when it is heated. The remains of rosin evaporate when warming up. Before soldering a few lived, it makes sense to raise each of them separately.

Such solutions are very conveniently used for the conductors of a small diameter, both single-core, and with a large number lived. Work should be performed as quickly as possible not to melt plastic isolation. In this way, aluminum can be connected, but this requires a special flux and solder.

Welding

Welding withstands large currents and has mechanical strength. You can join both copper and aluminum. It is very convenient for lived a large diameter. They are twisted into one bundle, and using the welding machine through it is passed the high current, which melts the metal at the end of the twist.

In order to get a neat contact, you must first take off and select the parameters of the welding equipment. This can be done using unnecessary trimming. It is necessary to melt metal without damaging isolation.

Pressing

Covering is performed using a sleeve and a special tool. They are made of copper and aluminum. This operation is quite simple, but requires the selection of the sleeves of the desired size and a special tool for their compression.

Works are performed quite simple: the veins are folded into the beam, are inserted into the sleeve and crimped in several places. It can withstand thumb. The greatest difficulty consists in selection of the sleeves of the desired diameter: they should not be too large or small.

Twist

As described above, this method cannot be used without additional fixation. Since it does not allow you to create reliable contact. A twist is used in combination with soldering, welding, crimping or use of PPE. Before fixing the wires exposed to a twist.

The described three methods involve their subsequent electrical insulation. To do this, use an insulating tape for electrical installation works or heat shrink tubes. They are made of polymer material, which allows when heated to reduce their diameter several times.

Products produced various nomenclature. First of all, it is necessary to allocate the need to use outside the premises of light-resistant materials. For shrinkage, it is best to use an industrial hairdryer or gently warm the polymer pipe with a soldering iron.

For reliability, after installing the first tube, mount the second diameter tube. After shrinkage, the material must reliably close the ends of the contact.

The following solutions do not require additional snap and allow you to easily perform the correct connection of the wires at the initial level of qualifications.

Terminal blocks

Previously, they were widely used, thanks to their cheapness and reliability. It can connect wires of different sections. They can be copper or aluminum, can consist of one or many lived. They are clamping with screws on the contact block.

The disadvantage is that they are connected only in pairs. For a larger number of connections, special jumpers are required. There are other options for easier connection.

Connecting insulating clamps

One of them is the use of SIZ caps. This is a plastic cap within which the spring is installed from the metal. It cools on a bundle, twisting them, plastic serves as electrical insulation. Such contact is very reliable. There is a domestic development of the company KZT, which dresses directly to the twist.

Wago clamps

This type of connection conquered the market for convenience and simplicity. They connect all sorts of conductors. Clamps are produced on various number of connections.

The disadvantage is that the design has a spring, which can weaken over time, which can lead to an accident and ignition. Therefore, only original, branded products should be purchased.

Bolted fasteners

This type of fastening is classic, allows you to connect copper with aluminum. Consists of a bolt with a nut and three washers. It can be made independently in the absence of other connectors.

Conclusion

The choice of how best to connect wires depends on their type, budget and time. If you follow PUE rules, you can perform safe and reliable contacts that will serve for many years. It should be remembered that in any case, these works must be performed as neat as possible and cautively, without a rush.

Photo process connection process

When wiring or repairing electrical wiring, when connecting household appliances and another mass of other works requires to connect conductors. To connect the wires is reliable and safe, you need to know the features of each of them, where and when, under what conditions they can be used.

Existing Conductor Connection Methods

To connect wires can be made in several ways:

welding is the most reliable method that provides high reliability of the compound, but requiring the skills and presence of a welding machine;
terminal blocks are simply a complete and fairly reliable connection;
soldering - works well if currents do not exceed the normative and the connection does not heat up to temperatures, above the norm (65 ° C);
pressing sleeves - requires knowledge of technology, special ticks, but the connection is reliable;
the use of spring clamps - WAGO, PPE - is quickly installed, while observing the operating conditions provide good contact;
the bolted connection is simple in execution, it is usually used in difficult cases - if you need to transition from aluminum to copper and vice versa.

The specific type of compound is selected based on many factors. It is necessary to consider the material of the conductor, its cross section, the amount of lived, the insulation type, the number of conductors to be connected, as well as operating conditions. Based on these factors and consider each of the types of connections.

Welding - High reliability in any conditions

When welding wires, the conductors are twisted, and the end of them is brewed. As a result, a metal bulb is formed, which provides a stable and very reliable connection in any conditions. Moreover, it is reliable not only in terms of electrical characteristics, but mechanically also - the metal of the connected wires after melting is formed by the monolith and to determine the separate conductor is impossible.

Welding - it is important to heat the metal, but do not melt insulation

The lack of this type of wire connection - the compound is 100% inconphigra. If necessary, something to change, you need to cut off the fused piece and redo everything again. Therefore, such compounds leave some wires of wires - in case of possible alterations.

Of the other deficiencies, the welding machine is required, the corresponding electrodes, flux and skill of work. In addition, it takes welding a lot of time, it is required to protect the surrounding items, and it is also uncomfortable to work with a welder at the height. Because electricians this type of compounds practiced in exceptional cases. If you do "for yourself" and know how to handle the welding machine well, you can work out on trimming. The main focus is not to melt isolation, but weld metal.

After cooling the place of welding isolate. You can use isolate, you can - shrink tubes.

Connection of wires crimping

For crimping wires, a special aluminum or copper sleeve is required - it is selected based on the sizes of the twist (the diameter of the beam), and the material take the same as the conductors. The wires and stripped to the brilliance of the wire are twisted, they wear a sleeve tube, which is clamped with special ticks.

And sleeves, and ticks are different, several species. Each of them has its own rules of use (the number of wires that can be packaged in the sleeve), in which you need to navigate well. The wire packaging is necessary according to certain rules, measure the size of the resulting harness, customize it for the requirements. In general, a rather turbine occupation. Therefore, such a type of wire connection is mainly professional electricians, and even more often they go to spring clips.

Terminal blocks

One of the simplest and most reliable wire connections - through terminal blocks. There are several types, but almost everywhere uses a screw connection. There are nests of different sizes - under different sizes of conductors, with different number of steam - from 2 to 20 and more.

The terminal block itself is a plastic housing in which a metal socket or plate is breeded. In this nest or between the plates, a bare conductor is inserted, clamped with a screw. After the screw is tightened, you need to pull the conductor well - make sure that it is good to clamp. Due to the fact that the joints of the compounds remain uninsulated, the scope of the terminal blocks - the room with normal humidity.

The lack of such a compound: due to the plasticity of metals - especially aluminum - over time, the contact weakens, which can lead to an increase in the degree of heating and acceleration of oxidation, and this leads to a decrease in contact. In general, periodically connecting wires in screw terminal boxes must be tightened.

Advantages - speed, simplicity, low cost, does not require any skills, except the ability to use a screwdriver. Another important dignity - you can easily connect wires of different diameters, single-core and stranded, copper and aluminum. There is no direct contact, therefore there are no risks.

Soldering

First on soldering technology. The connected conductors are cleaned of isolation, cleaned from oxide film to pure metal, twisted, then poured. For this, the conductors are heated by a soldering iron, applied to rosin. It must cover the connection site completely. The listed wires twist first with their fingers, then wait, using the passage. Instead of tinning, you can use a solder flux. They are well wetted wires, but after twist.

Then, in fact, the process of soldering begins: heated by a soldering iron or narrow-faced burner. When the rosin or flux is starting to boil, take some part of the solder on the sting of the soldering iron, bring the soldering area, pressing the sting to the wiring. Solder spreads, filling the gaps between the wires, providing a good connection. When using a burner, solder simply make a little bit into a torch.

Next, after cooling the place of the soldering, the technology must be flushed by the flux residues (they accelerate oxidation), dry the compound, coat it with a special protective varnish, then isolate with a healer and / or heat shrink tubes.

Now about the advantages and disadvantages of this method of connecting wires. In low-current systems, soldering is one of the most reliable ways to connect wires. But, when wiring wiring in a house or apartment, it is criticized mercilessly. The thing is that the solder has a low melting point. With a periodic passing through the connection of large currents (it happens, if the protective automata vehicles are incorrectly or faulty)) the solder is gradually melted, evaporates. Once at once, the contact becomes more worse, the connection is heated more and more. If this process does not find it, it may well end fire.

The second negative point is the low mechanical strength of the soldering. The case is again in the tin - it is soft. If there are many wires in the soldered connection, but if they are still tough, when trying to pack them, often conductors fall out of the soldering - the force of elasticity that elapses them is too large. Therefore, the connection of the conductors soldering when the electricity is wiring and do not recommend using: uncomfortable, long and risky.

Spring clamps for connecting wires

One of the most controversial ways to connect wires - with the help of spring clamps. They are several types, but the most common two are Wago Terminals (Vago) and Caps Peep. Externally and by the method of installation, they are very different, but the spring is based on the spring, which creates durable contact with the wire.

About this spring and argue. Opponents using WAGO say that spring will weaken over time, the contact will become worse, the connection will start to warm up to warm up, which, again, leads to an even more rapid decrease in the degree of elasticity of the spring. After some time, the temperature can rise so much that the housing (plastic) is melted, but what can happen further - it is known.

Spring clamps for wiring - Popular wire connection

In defense of the use of spring clamps for connecting wires, it can be said that if they are used in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers, problems are found very and very rare. Although there are a lot of fakes and WAGO, and the Sizes as well as the abundant number of pictures of them in the molten form. But at the same time, many of them are used, and, with normal modes of work, they work without complaints.

Wago Wire Clamps

They appeared on our market several years ago and made a lot of noise: with their help, the connection occurs very quickly and easily, it has high reliability. The manufacturer has concrete recommendations on the use of this product:

Inside these devices have a metal plate, which and ensures due degree of contact. The form and its parameters of the plates were developed and tested specifically. The tests were carried out on a vibration stand for many hours, then heated-cooled. After that, the electrical connection parameters were checked. All tests were passed on "excellent" and branded products shows themselves to "five".

In general, the product range of the company WAGO is very wide, but for mounting wiring or connecting home appliances, lighting devices, use two options for wires for wires: series 222 (splitting) with the ability to rebust or change the connection and series 773 and 273 - which are not called all-in-mail.

Connecting

Spring clamps for WAGO 222 series wiring has a number of contact pads - from two to five - and the same number of flags-locks. Before starting the junction of the flags, the conductors stripped from insulation are inserted into them (until the stop), after which the check box is lowered. This compound is considered completed.

Wago Wire Connectors - Connection Methods

If necessary, you can connect to rebuild - raise the checkbox and remove the conductor. Convenient, quickly and securely.

222 Vago series can be used for connecting two or three, even five copper or aluminum conductors (can be connected different metals in one terminal). Wires can be single-core or strain, but with rigid wires. Maximum section - 2.5 mm 2. Soft multi-core wires can be connected by a cross section from 0.08 mm 2 to 4 mm 2.

Permanent

There is another type of clamp that does not provide for the ability to remake the connection of the wires - series 773 and 273. When using these terminals, the operation is generally a second: the stripped wire is inserted into the corresponding socket. The spring existing there claps it, providing contact with the plate. Everything.

Data The spring-loaded wires for wires can be used to connect single-core aluminum or copper wires with cross-sectional area from 0.75 mm 2 to 2.5 mm 2, stranded with rigid wires - from 1.5 mm 2 to 2.5 mm 2. Soft multi-core conductors can not be connected using such connectors.

To improve contact before connecting the wire, it is necessary to clean from the oxide film. So that the oxidation continues to continue, the manufacturers of WAGO also produce contact paste. It fills in the inside of the clamp and it itself corps an oxide film, and then protects the wires from oxidation in the future. In this case, only strongly oxidized, dark conductors are needed in preliminary stripping, and the clamping body is filled with paste.

By the way, manufacturers suggest that, if desired, the wire from the clamp can be pulled out. To do this, one hand is taken over the wire, the second hold the terminal box and rotate them there and a small range, in opposite directions, stretching in different directions.

Lamp clamps (construction and assembly terminals for lamps)

For a quick and convenient connection of lamps or sconces, WAGO has special 104 series terminals. With their help, you can combine aluminum or copper wires of different sections and type (single-core or stranded with rigid wires). Rated voltage of this compound 400 V, rated current:

for copper conductors - 24 A
16 A for aluminum.

The cross section of the connected conductors from the mounting side:

copper 1.0 ÷ 2.5 mm2 - single-core;
aluminum 2.5 mm2 - single-core.

The cross section of the connected conductors from the chandelier / sconce: copper 0.5 ÷ 2.5 mm2 - single-core, stranded, tinted, compressed.

When connecting copper wires, it is necessary to use the contact paste, and the aluminum wires must be cleaned manually to pure metal.

There are two drawbacks for this product. The first is the price of the original terminals high. The second - there is a mass of fakes at a lesser price, but their quality is significantly lower and they are lit and melted. Therefore, despite the high cost, buy better original products.

Caps Sizes

Caps SIZ (deciphered as "connecting insulating clamps") - very simple in the use of the device. This is a plastic housing, inside which there is a spring having a conical shape. Conductors strolled from insulation are inserted, the cap is scrolled clockwise several times. You will feel that he stopped scrolling, then the connection is ready.

How to make a connection of wires using PP

These conductor connectors are available in many manufacturers, there are different sizes, for different diameters and the number of connected conductors. To connect the wires to be reliable size, it is necessary to choose correctly, and for this you need to understand marking.

After letters, PPE goes a few numbers. Depending on the manufacturer, the number of numbers changes, but they indicate the same things. For example, there is a type of marking: SIZ-1 1.5-3.5 or SIZ-2 4.5-12. In this case, the number immediately by the letters indicates the type of body. "1" put if the hull is an ordinary cone, on the surface of which grooves can be applied - for better grip. If there is a CIZ-2, then there are small protrusions on the housing, for which it is convenient to take your fingers and twist.

All other numbers reflect the total cross-section of all conductors that can be connected using this particular CAP cap.

For example, SIZ-1 2.0-4.0. This means that the connecting cap is ordinary, cone-shaped. With it, you can connect two conductor with a cross section of at least 0.5 mm 2 (in sum, they give 1 mm, which meets the minimum requirements - see the table). Maximum in this cap includes conductors, the total cross section of which should not be more than 4 mm 2.

Connecting wires with caps

In the second variant of the labeling after the abbreviation, the PC is only a digit from 1 to 5. In this case, it is simply necessary to remember which one is useful for what section of the wires. The data is in another table.

Caps SIZ and their parameters

By the way, the caps can be connected only with copper wires - aluminum veins, as a rule, thicker than the maximum permissible connector data.

Bolt connection

This connection is assembled from a bolt of any diameter, a suitable nut and one, and better - three, washers. Collecting quickly and easily serves quite a long time and reliably.

First, the conductors are cleaned of isolation, if necessary, the upper oxidized layer is removed. Next, the loop is formed from the stripped part, the inner diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the bolt. To make it easier - you can wrap the wire around the bolt and spin (the average option on the right figure). After all this is going in that order:

The puck is put on the bolt.
One of the conductors.
Second washer.
Another conductor.
Third washer.
Nut.

The connection is tightened first by hand, then with keys (you can take the passage). That's all, the connection is ready. It is used mainly if you need to make a connection of wires from copper and aluminum, it can be used when connecting the conductors of different diameters.

How to connect aluminum and copper conductors

By the way, we recall why it is impossible to directly connect the copper and aluminum wires. There are two reasons:

Such a connection is greatly heats up, which in itself is very bad.
Over time, there is a weakening of contact. This is because aluminum has a lower electrical conductivity than copper, as a result, when passing the same currents, it is heated stronger. When heated, it expands stronger, pressing the copper conductor - the connection becomes more worse, it is still warm.

To avoid similar troubles and aluminum conductors are connected using:

terminal blocks;
wago;
bolted compound;
branch clamps (make wire connections on the street).

Other connecting types cannot be used.

How to connect wires of different diameter

If you need to connect conductors with different diameter, a twist should be present to obtain good contact. So you can use the following types:

terminal blocks;
wago;
bolted connection.