Masonry attachment points. Fastening external walls to supporting structures. Fastening exterior walls and steel columns

Issue 3. Nodes of conjugation of brick walls with a reinforced concrete frame. Working drawings

The price of this document is still unknown. Click the "Buy" button and place your order and we will send you a price.

We have been distributing regulatory documents since 1999. We punch checks, pay taxes, accept all legal forms of payments for payment without additional interest. Our clients are protected by the Law. LLC "CSTI Normokontrol"

Our prices are lower than elsewhere because we work directly with document providers.

Delivery methods

Urgent Express delivery(1-3 days)
Courier delivery (7 days)
Pickup from Moscow office
Russian Post

2.430-20.3 01 Node 1. Fastening a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column

2.430-20.3 02 Node 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to a reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row

2.430-20.3 03 Node 3. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row

2.430-20.3 04 Node 4. Fastening the end wall to roof truss at pitched roof

2.430-20.3 05 Node 5. Fastening the longitudinal wall to the truss truss when binding "0" and flat roof

2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a "0" tie and pitched roof

2.430-20.3 07 Node 7. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with the attachment "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the attachment "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the covering with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column when tied to "0" and pitched roof

2.430-20.3 10 Node 10. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with the attachment "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 11 Node 11, 11a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m. When attaching "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 12 Node 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with a "0" tie and a flat roof

2.430-20.3 13 Node 13. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with the attachment "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the attachment "250" and flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the slabs of the covering with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with the binding "0" and a flat roof

2.430-20.3 16 Node 16. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with the attachment "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm

2.430-20.3 17 Node 17. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with the attachment "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm

2.430-20.3 18 Node 18. Parapet fixing end wall to the slabs

2.430-20.3 19 Node 19. Support of the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm

2.430-20.3 20 Node 20. Support of the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm

2.430-20.3 21 Node 21. Support of the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm

2.430-20.3 22 Node 22. Support of the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm

2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Support of the rafter beam with a span of 12 m on the pilaster

2.430-20.3 24 Node 24. Fastening of the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs when anchoring "0" and pitched roof

2.430-20.3 25 Node 25. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with the attachment "250" and pitched roof

2.430-20.3 26 Node 26. Fastening the end wall cornice to the covering slabs

Exterior walls

In buildings with a load-bearing frame in the form of frame-stacked systems, the external walls are arranged as non-load-bearing, floor-by-floor based on floor elements and performing enclosing functions to protect the internal volume of buildings from temperature differences, noise and atmospheric influences. For the construction of such walls, small stones or blocks of lightweight concrete (for example, from aerated concrete or gas silicate) or other low-heat-conducting materials that provide the required thermal resistance to the outer walls.

Rice. 27.10.1. A variant of the device and support on the floors of homogeneous curtain walls made of lightweight concrete blocks in houses with frame-stacking systems:

a - a blank wall; b - wall with a window opening

Rice. 27.10.2. A variant of the device of a uniform curtain wall made of aerated concrete blocks, floor by floor supported on reinforced concrete slabs floors (section 2 - 2; Fig. 27.1.5)

A B C)

Rice. 27.10.3. Options for the device and support of external non-bearing homogeneous walls made of cellular concrete blocks in the wall part (a) and in places with openings (b, c)

Walls can be homogeneous, that is, from the same material, or heterogeneous. Heterogeneous walls are arranged layered in thickness, i.e. in such walls to reduce their thickness and mass, a layer is laid between the inner and outer layers effective lung insulation, the thickness of which is determined by the calculation for thermal protection. Outside, the walls are covered with a protective finishing layer, for example, a layer of plaster with a thickness of 20-30 mm, or facing brick, or with special facing stones or slabs, and inside - with a finishing plaster layer 10-15mm thick. In fig. 27.10.1. - 27.10.11. options shown constructive solutions external walls and nodes of their bearing on floors and abutments to other elements of the frame.

Rice. 27.10.4. Option for the device and support of the external curtain heterogeneous wall from lightweight concrete blocks and effective insulation with cladding facade tiles(wall with window opening):

a - section; b - plan; 1 - fittings

Rice. 27.10.5. Option for the device and support of the external curtain wall made of gas silicate blocks with brick cladding:

C1 - reinforcement mesh

Rice. 27.10.6. A variant of the device of an external curtain wall made of aerated concrete blocks with brick cladding and a junction of the wall to the frame column

Rice. 10/27/7. Variant of a unit for supporting an external non-bearing homogeneous wall made of lightweight concrete blocks on a floor slab.

Rice. 10/27/8. Variant of the junction of an external curtain wall of aerated concrete blocks to a corner column

Rice. 10/27/9. A variant of the junction of a curtain wall made of aerated concrete blocks to a frame column

Rice. 10/27/10. A variant of the angular junction of non-load-bearing aerated concrete longitudinal and transverse walls to the frame column

Rice. 10/27/11. Expansion joint arrangement in external curtain walls

Partitions

Partitions in residential buildings with a supporting frame in the form of prefabricated frame-stacked systems can be arranged both large-panel and from piece small-sized elements, and with prefabricated monolithic or monolithic versions of the frame - only from piece small-sized elements (in connection with the technology of the device of these frames, i.e. in connection with the need to install supporting and formwork-ceiling equipment on the ceiling of the previous floor to cover the next floor in height).

At the same time, interroom and interroom partitions can be arranged from the same piece small-sized elements as in frameless houses, but most often they are arranged from gas silicate or aerated concrete slabs or frame gypsum plasterboard, and partitions separating wet rooms, including sanitary technical units are made of moisture-resistant materials, for example, red brick. In fig. 27.11.1. - 27.11.8. shows the options for constructive solutions of partitions made of piece small-sized elements and the nodes of their support on floors and abutment to walls and ceilings.

Rice. 27.11.1. A variant of the junction and fastening unit (cross section) of a two-layer combined (from aerated concrete and brick layers) partitions to the upper floor:

1 - caulk; 2 - dowel; 3 - gluing with a cloth; 4 - holding bracket; 5 - reinforcement cages; 6 - wood antiseptic bar with a section of 40 x 40 mm along the length of the partition; 7 - plaster

Rice. 11/27/2. A variant of the junction and fastening unit (plan) of a two-layer combined partition (made of aerated concrete and brick layers) to the wall:

1 - caulk; 2 - dowel; 3 - gluing with a cloth; 4 - holding bracket; 5 - reinforcing cages; 6 - wood antiseptic bar with a section of 40 x 100 mm along the height of the partition; 7 - plaster

Fig 27.11.3. Variant of the junction point and fastening of double partitions to the upper (ceiling) ceiling:

1 - overlap; 2 - holding bracket; 3 - dowel; 4 - partition; 5 - reinforcing cage

Rice. 27.11.4. Variant of the junction and fastening unit of double partitions to vertical wall(to Figure 27.11.2.):

1 - wall; 2 - partition; 3 - dowel; 4,5,6 - reinforcing cages at the level of the retaining bracket; 7 - holding bracket

Rice. 27.11.5. A variant of the design of the retaining bracket, the length of which is set depending on the thickness of the partition (in the figure, the length of the bracket is 265 mm, to Fig. 27.11.1., 27.11.2 and 27.11.4.)

Rice. 27.11.6. A variant of the node of support and abutment to the floor slab of a two-layer partition made of aerated concrete blocks. Flexible elastic spacer 10 mm thick between the floor slab and the top of the partition

Rice. 11/27/7. Variants of junction points and fastening with separate retaining brackets of two-layer brick and combined partitions to floor slabs and their support on floors:

1 - floor slabs; 2 - gluing with a cloth; 3 - holding brackets; 4 - caulk; 5 - reinforcing cages; 6 - plaster; 7 - brick; 8 - plinth; 9 - cement-sand mortar. The gap between the floor slab (and itself) and the partition is sealed with a caulk

Rice. 11/27/8. Variants of junction points and fastening with separate retaining brackets of two-layer partitions to the walls (in plan):

1 - holding brackets; 2 - plaster; 3 - cadmium nails; 4 - sizing with a cloth; 5 - reinforcing cages. The gaps between the walls and partitions are reduced by caulking

Stairs and elevators

The walls of the staircase and elevator nodes are arranged according to the type of frame, i.e. prefabricated or monolithic, and they, in addition to the enclosing functions, perceive the loads from the elements of stairs and floors and at the same time are vertical stiffening diaphragms.

Ladders are made with prefabricated large-element or large-panel Z-shaped profiles, and when monolithic version frame device possible monolithic stairs... The load-bearing elements of the stairs are supported either on the supporting tabs-tables in the load-bearing elements of the frame, or they are fastened by welding of embedded parts in the load-bearing elements of the frame and stairs (Fig. 27.12.1. And 27.12.2.).

The outer walls at the attachment points transfer to the supporting structure vertical loads from their own weight and hinged parts (sun protection, balconies, radiators) and horizontal forces from wind pressure and suction. The following cases are distinguished by static action:

1. Panels outer wall height on the floor are supported, like beams on two supports, on two floor planes. Structures several stories high act as continuous beams. They can be suspended from a plane top floor(1.1) or stand on the lower floor (1.2). External wall panels can also be supported only on columns 11.3) or, like slabs supported along the contour, on columns and ceilings (1.4).

2. Panels of strip facades are fixed to one floor only. In addition, additional horizontal supports (2.1) or support on the floor (2.2) are required, or rigid mount to the overlap, for example monolithic (2.3). In the presence of columns, the panels are fixed on both sides on the columns (2.4) or on three sides on the columns and floors (2.5).

Exterior walls can be attached directly to the supporting structure, but in most cases the fasteners are scattered.

Fastening exterior walls to floor slabs

Anchor strips or bolts inserted into pipes embedded in concrete or dowels in drilled holes are used to fasten the outer walls to floor slabs.

3.1. Reinforced concrete window sill slab is installed on the mortar on the floor slab.

3.2. A reinforced concrete wall panel, the internal bearing side of which has a support ledge, is installed on the mortar.

3.3. Fastening a reinforced concrete wall with steel connecting angles with oval holes to align tolerances.

3.4. The uprights of the facade are fixed with dowels in the floor slab.

3.5. Fastening of front posts with anchor supports.

3.6. Rigid abutment of the window sill slab. Console fastening with bolts in embedded pipes.

Fastening exterior walls to floor beams

Steel floor joists are ideal for fastening external walls by bending or welding the joining elements.

4.1. The floor beam is located perpendicular to the façade with the joining of the panels through the gussets using paired overlays. For thermal insulation of the joint, gaskets made of artificial materials... Needed precise setting beams, since horizontal shifts in the plane of the facade must be limited.

4.2. Screwing the corners with oblong holes to the beam web.

4.3. The wall is fastened with bolts to the channel slab, which runs parallel to the façade.

4.4. Floor beams or purlins located at a certain distance behind the facade have cantilevered abutment elements.

4.5. The sill panel is bolted to the floor slab and has additional support in the form of a brace.

Fastening exterior walls and steel columns

There are many ways to attach external walls if the columns are behind them. Since in the columns with fire retardant lining, the abutment elements cut through the lining, the outer walls perform fire retardant functions. In fire-resistant window sill slabs, the abutments must also be fire-resistant.

5.1. In the simplest case, the outer wall is bolted directly to the column.

5.2. Adjacent to outside fireproof cladding.

5.3. Single-wall console with a column moved away from the wall.

5.4. Double wall console for heavy walls.

5.5. Support of wall elements on welded corners The outer flange of the column remains open.

5.6. A pair of ribs welded to the column has a plate on top with drilled hole to strengthen anchor bolts on which the wall is hung. This solution makes it possible to shift wall panel to the side and adjust its height with a bolt. After leveling the wall, the plate is welded to the ribs.

5.7. The same two abutments as 5.6, but on a box-shaped console.

5.8. The shaped nodal element close to the column serves for separate fastening of the outer and inner layers of a two-layer wall.

Align Tolerances

The seams of the outer wall compensate for the deformation vibrations described in, and the manufacturing tolerances. Precast exterior wall elements are manufactured to relatively tight tolerances, with metal elements with tighter tolerances than reinforced concrete elements. Structural tolerances are coarser. Therefore, at the joints of the panels, it is necessary to provide leveling elements to ensure their mutual fastening without special adjustment in place.

6. Points of attachment of external walls to supporting structures can be moved against the design position in three directions and can be rotated around three axes.

7. System of six degrees of freedom:

7.1 δ X - displacement parallel to the outer wall;
7.2 δ Y - change in the gap between the plane of the wall and the supporting structure;
7.3 δ Z - vertical shift;
7.4 α X - rotation around the horizontal x-axis;
7.5 α Y - rotation around the horizontal y-axis;
7.6 α Z - rotation around the vertical z-axis.

8. Fastening of the outer wall pillar, providing the ability to slide and turn in all directions using a system of steel corners with oval holes.

9. An example of supporting a facade with the ability to move. All-round pivots are provided with a point bearing on the bolts.

FRAME

In industrial construction, brick is erected: walls of buildings with a humid aggressive environment; small industrial buildings; a section of walls with a large number of

vom technological holes or openings; a variety of buildings in areas where brick is a local material.

Thickness brick walls depends on the heat engineering requirements and is 250, 380 and 510 mm. The laying of such walls is labor-intensive, which increases the cost and lengthens the construction period.

According to the perception of the load, brick walls are:

1. Carriers, forming the frame of the building. They rely on strip foundations, in places where beams or trusses are laid, are reinforced from the inside with pilasters (Fig. 76, a, b)... Within the walls of warehouses bulk materials arrange from the outside inclined ledges (buttresses), perceiving horizontal forces.

2. Self-supporting(Fig, 76, c, d), leaning against the columns of the frame. They are supported on foundation beams on top of the waterproofing layer. Walls of this design are most common in industrial construction.

3. Hinged(Fig. 78.5), supported by strapping beams located above the window openings.

Self-supporting brick walls to the columns of the frame (Fig. 76, e) fastened with flexible ties every 1.2 m in height. Thickening in the corners of frame buildings (Fig. 76, e) prevents the walls from freezing.

The plinths of brick walls are plastered cement mortar or veneer ceramic tiles... Openings (up to 4.5 m wide) are covered with reinforced concrete

jumpers. The top of the wall ends with a cornice formed by overlapping rows of bricks, or a parapet.

To increase the decorativeness of the masonry, the seams on the facades are embroidered, giving them a convex or: concave shape. On the inner surface, the seams are level with the plane of the wall.

CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS FOR PANEL WALLS OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS.

JOINT CONSTRUCTIONS

Heated building walls

are arranged with hinged (with a panel thickness of 160 mm) or self-supporting and self-supporting with a thickness of 240-300

For curtain walls(Fig. 81, a) are characterized by tape openings and the support of the above-window panels Fig. 81, c) on steel consoles. The same consoles are also needed on blind sections of the walls through 4.8-

6 m in height. Self-supporting 240-300

For self-supporting walls(Fig. 81.6) are characterized by separate openings 3-4.5 m wide and the support of the above-window panels on the walls. The height of such walls depends on bearing capacity panels.

In hinged and self-supporting walls plinth panels(Fig. 81, d) is laid on the foundation beam on a layer of waterproofing from cement mortar.

In the corners of the walls of heated buildings (Fig. 81.5), additional blocks are installed: see the course

(Layout of panels in height (Fig. 82, a, b) perform so that one of the horizontal seams is located 600 mm from the column head. Below this mark, the panels are attached to the columns, above - to the roof structures. Top panel walls(Fig. 82.0, G) completes the parapet or cornice. shove into the note)

Unheated building walls performed only hinged from flat reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 70 mm. The basement part of the walls is arranged in the same way as in heated buildings. Wall nodes (Fig. 83, a) are made of elongated panels laid in the direction of the longitudinal walls. The panels of the end walls are fixed to the pillars of the half-timbered timber, and the longitudinal walls to the columns of the frame. The upper part of the walls has a parapet or cornice (Fig. 83.6) made of steel profiles welded to the sub-frame panel.

Joint design. The seams of large-panel walls are filled with elastic gaskets made of hermite or poroizol and sealed with mastic (UM-40, UMS-50). Along the edges of the panel (Fig. 84, a, b) laying rigid spacers fixing the thickness of the horizontal seams. Sealing of joints with cement mortar is allowed as an exception.

Fastening panels to columns Must be strong and flexible against temperature and sedimentary deformations of the walls.

The panels are fixed (Fig. 84, d, d, f, g) a bolt with a plate for three-layer panels, an anchor with a plate with a column pitch of 6 m,

Series composition
Detail 1 Fastening a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column
Detail 2 Fastening a longitudinal wall to a steel column
Detail 3 Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row
Detail 4 Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
Detail 5 Fastening the end wall to the steel column of the middle row
Detail 6 Fastening the longitudinal or end wall to the head of the reinforced concrete column of the half-timbered house go to the steel column of the half-timbered house
Detail 7 Fastening the end wall to the rafter
Detail 8 Fastening the end wall to the truss girder with a pitched roof and the width of the lower chord of the truss truss 200 and 250 mm
Detail 9 Fastening the end wall to the truss girder with a pitched roof and the width of the lower chord of the truss truss 300 and 350 mm
Detail 10 Fastening the end wall to the roof truss for a flat roof
Detail 11 Fastening the longitudinal wall to the rafter truss when tying "o" and flat roof
Detail 12 Fastening the longitudinal wall to the truss with the attachment "250" and flat roof
Detail 13 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with an "o" tie and a pitched roof
Detail 14 Fastening of the longitudinal wall parapet to the roof slabs with the attachment "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 15 Fastening of the longitudinal wall parapet to the roof slabs with the attachment "250" and pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 16 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column and the "o" tie and pitched roof
Detail 17 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with the attachment "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 18 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with the attachment "250" and the pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 19 Fastening of the longitudinal wall parapet to the covering slabs with an "o" tie and a flat roof
Detail 20 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the attachment "250" and flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 21 Fastening of the longitudinal wall parapet to the roof slabs with "250" garter and flat roof / Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 22 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with an "o" tie and a flat roof
Detail 23 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with the attachment "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 24 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with the attachment "250" and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 25 Fastening the end wall parapet to the roof slabs
Detail 26 Supporting the covering slabs on a longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
Detail 27 Supporting the covering slabs on a longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
Detail 28 Supporting the covering slabs on a longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
Detail 29 Supporting the covering slabs on a longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
Detail 30 Supporting the rafter beam with a span of 12 m on the pilaster
Detail 31 Supporting the rafter beam with a span of 18 m on the pilaster
Detail 32 Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with an "o" tie and a pitched roof
Detail 33 Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the attachment "250" and pitched roof
Detail 34 Fastening the end wall cornice to the roof slabs
Detail 35 Fastening of the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with an "o" tie and a flat roof
Detail 36 Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the roof slabs with the attachment "250" and flat roof
Detail 37 Securing the end wall to steel trusses along the axis of the column of the middle row
Sheet A Steel elements MK-1 to MK-11
Sheet B Steel elements from MK-13 to MK-16; from MK-18 to MK-22
Sheet B Steel elements MK-23 to MK-28
Sheet G Steel elements from MK-29 to MK-32
Sheet D Specification of steel for elements from MK-1 to MK-24
Sheet E Steel specification for elements from MK-25 to MK-32