DIY construction vacuum cleaner cyclone drawing. Homemade cyclone for the workshop. What to consider when making a homemade vacuum cleaner

A home vacuum cleaner is so common in the household that no one thinks about the principle of its operation. Since the invention of this assistant in cleaning premises, it has been used only possible way separating dust from clean air- filter.

Over the years, the filter element has been improved, from a banal bag made of thick tarpaulin, it has turned into high-tech membranes that retain the smallest particles of debris. At the same time, it was not possible to get rid of the main drawback.

Filter designers are constantly looking for a compromise between cell density and throughput for air. In addition, the more dirty the membrane, the worse the air flow through it.
30 years ago, physicist James Dyson made a breakthrough in dust extraction technology.

He invented a compact dust separator based on the principle of centrifugal force. I must say that this idea was not new. Industrial sawmills have been using cyclone-type centrifugal collectors of opal and shavings for a long time.

But no one thought to apply this physical phenomenon in everyday life. In 1986 he registered a patent for the first vacuum cleaner cyclonic type, called G-Force.

In general, there are three ways to separate dust from clean air:

Filtering membrane. The most massive and cheapest way to remove dust. It is used in most modern vacuum cleaners;
Water filter. Air with debris passes through a container of water (like in a hookah), all particles remain in the liquid medium, and a perfectly clean air flow enters the outlet. Such devices gained popularity, but their use did not become widespread due to their high cost.
Cyclone dry centrifugal filter. It is a compromise in terms of cost and quality of purification in comparison with a membrane and a water filter. Let us dwell on this model in more detail.

How the cyclone works

The illustration shows the processes taking place in the cyclone filter chamber.

Contaminated air enters the cylindrical filter housing (2) through the branch pipe (1). The branch pipe is located tangentially to the walls of the body, due to which the air flow (3) is twisted into a spiral along the walls of the cylinder.

Under the action of centrifugal force, dust particles (4) are pressed against the inner walls of the housing, and under the influence of gravity they settle into the dust collector (5). Air with the smallest particles of debris (which are not affected by centrifugal force) enters the chamber (6) with a conventional membrane filter. After final cleaning, they exit into the intake fan (7).

greetings to all brain engineers! An important moment during the implementation of their mozgoidey is the observance of cleanliness in the workplace and in the workshop as a whole. This is what is meant for craft of this manual is a simple dust extractor with a screen.

This works homemade so: the incoming contaminated air flow spins along inner wall, causing heavy dust and debris to separate and fall into the trash can below. When using a fan, as in my case, with this under the tree there is no need for any separate dust collection system (which requires additional space and power to accommodate, and of course costs).

At sharing with a purchased vacuum cleaner, this simple brainwashing significantly increases the service life of the vacuum cleaner filters, and reduces the need to periodically empty it, as a rule, a small and troublesome dust collector.

NOTE: All dimensions below are based on trash can used by me. For a different capacity, they will be correspondingly different, and for high-quality functioning debris collector they will have to be counted.

In the process of various construction and renovation works indoors, there is often a need to clean up construction waste. It is not recommended to use an ordinary vacuum cleaner for this purpose, since there is a high probability of failure of the filter, or even the entire vacuum cleaner. For this purpose, a construction vacuum cleaner is used, which is specially designed for such work.

Let's consider what a construction (industrial) vacuum cleaner is and its main differences from a household one.

The power of a construction vacuum cleaner is several times higher than that of a household one and can reach 4 kW. Thanks to this, you can easily remove construction garbage both small and large. With its help, you can easily remove cement dust, plaster debris, various fragments and sand, etc. The body of an industrial vacuum cleaner is mainly made of metal.

The vacuum cleaner has a reinforced filtration system. The motor of such a vacuum cleaner is able to work for a long time and withstand heavy loads, thanks to a special cooling system. The dust container volume of the construction vacuum cleaner is much larger conventional vacuum cleaner... All construction vacuum cleaners have a socket for connecting power tools.

Such a vacuum cleaner is more expensive than usual, so many craftsmen are trying to make a construction vacuum cleaner with their own hands, by redoing household vacuum cleaner, and often encounter certain difficulties.

This article contains the most successful technical solutions how to convert a household vacuum cleaner into a construction one. If you have a medium-power vacuum cleaner at home, then if you wish, you can turn it into a construction one. Or you can buy an inexpensive vacuum cleaner and upgrade it to an industrial one. To do this, you do not have to redo the vacuum cleaner itself, you just need to make external filter a cyclone with your own hands. Next, we will consider two main options for the manufacture of such a filter with and without a cone.

A description of homemade cyclone filters is given in this article mainly in order to acquaint you with the general idea and principle of operation of such devices. This means that, having familiarized yourself with the design, you are not obliged to completely repeat it, but you can make various changes to it, or, using the basic idea, make a cyclone filter of a completely new design.

The principle of operation of the cyclone filter

The principle of operation of this filter is based on the passage of contaminated air through an external device, in which large particles settle in its housing, then the air is cleaned of fine dust, passing through an oil filter, and enters the turbine of the vacuum cleaner. Thus, already cleaned air from dust and debris enters the vacuum cleaner itself.

Cyclone filter option 1 (without cone)

To make a do-it-yourself cyclone filter, you will need the following parts and materials:

Oil filter... It filters fine dust.
Bucket with a tight-fitting lid 20 l.
Polypropylene elbows, intended for water supply systems, and having an angle of 90 and 45 degrees and a diameter of 40 mm - 1 piece.
Plumbing pipe, plastic - 1 meter, diameter 40 mm.
Piece corrugated pipe 2 meters long and 40 mm in diameter. You will need it to log into the device.

Manufacturing process

1. In the lid from the bucket, in the center, you need to cut a hole into which a 90 degree corner is inserted, a vacuum cleaner will be connected to it.

2. Seal the cracks with sealant.

3. Cut a hole in the side wall of the bucket and insert a 45 degree angle.

4. A piece of pipe is used to connect the corrugation to the elbow.
5. For a longer service life of the filter, a piece of nylon tights can be pulled over it.

6. The filter outlet must be connected to the elbow in the bucket lid.

The filter may not fit on outlet pipe... For this purpose, you need to come up with some kind of adapter. A piece of corrugation for a sanitary siphon may be suitable, or rubber hose a certain diameter. It is advisable to coat all joints with a sealant. An oil filter can be purchased at an auto parts store.

It should be borne in mind that when the inlet is closed, the bucket may crack. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the walls of the bucket, in some way, or provide for something like a valve. The main thing is not to rush in this matter, measure all connections, and then you will succeed.

Only one of the options is described above. There are many similar designs. Instead of a bucket, use plastic barrels, there are designs where the funnel plays the role of a bucket. Many craftsmen independently make containers from tin or thin iron.

Some inventors design a cyclone filter using a cone. A traffic cone is often used in this design.

Option 2 (using a traffic cone)

The following parts and materials will be required:

Road cone (can be purchased at a car shop).
Two meter rods 8 mm.
Washers, nuts and lock washers 8 mm.
Corrugated tubes with a diameter of 32 mm and a length of about 2 meters - two pieces.

Manufacturing process

At the cone, saw off the support at the very base. The cone is inserted upside down into the bucket from above. A tube is inserted inside the bucket. The space between the cone and the tube should be filled with construction foam.
Cut a square out of plywood 20 mm thick so that the base of the cone fits into it and there is still some space left. 4 holes with a diameter of 8 mm are drilled in the corners of the square. A hole is cut in the center for the tube, a corrugated hose will be put on it, which connects the device to the vacuum cleaner.
The lid for the bucket is cut from plywood and should fit snugly against the bucket. Glue a rubber gasket along its edges.
A hole with a diameter for the narrow end of the cone is sawn in the lid.
After the cone is inserted into the plywood cover, the joint is covered with foam. The cone should be upside down on the bucket and secured with four threaded rods, 50 cm long and 8 mm in diameter, holding the plywood square with the cone screwed to it.
Not far from the base of the cone, in its wide part, a hole is drilled for a tube to connect to a corrugated hose. Various construction waste will be sucked through it.

Filter fine cleaning in this version, the cyclone is not used, so fine dust can get into the turbine of the vacuum cleaner. When designing such devices, vacuum cleaners with a bag are mainly used. Therefore, fine dust, in case of penetration, settles in the bag.

Homemade construction vacuum cleaner options with an additional cyclone filter allows craftsmen to experience different options without fear of ruining the vacuum cleaner itself, since most of the debris traps the filter.

When making a cyclone filter with your own hands, do not be afraid to experiment, and in the end you will definitely achieve the desired result.

When carrying out repair and construction works a lot of garbage appears. Sawdust, shavings, material trimmings mixed with dust should be removed regularly. Due to the specifics of the work, ordinary sweeping with a mop is excluded if dust and small particles can adhere to the surface, for example, after priming or painting.

A conventional vacuum cleaner will not cope with such debris or will fail very quickly. Household electrical devices designed for medium short-term use.

For such cases, specialized equipment is produced. Construction vacuum cleaner it can work for a long time without stopping, has significant power, and it uses completely different filter systems than in household vacuum cleaners.

When to use a construction vacuum cleaner

Those who are constantly faced with construction, repair and carpentry work know about the need for timely cleaning of the workplace at the end of the stage. Cleaning can be carried out several times during one day, so the desire to make the process easier for yourself is quite justified.

Pieces of styrofoam and plastic film , trimming gypsum plaster, chipped plaster, dust after cutting aerated concrete - all this debris settles not only on horizontal surfaces, but also, electrified, is attached to vertical walls.

Cleaning with a mop and scoop is not always appropriate due to the large areas, and washing will only turn dry dirt into wet slurry, especially in rooms without decoration.

Normal household appliance due to the small size of the dust container, it will quickly clog up and will have to be cleaned continuously. If large particles hit, there is a great risk of breaking the equipment.

It is in such conditions the best solution will be using a construction vacuum cleaner.

Pros and cons of a construction vacuum cleaner

High power allows professional equipment to work without interruption for long enough, and a long hose provides access to remote areas without having to carry the vacuum cleaner or interrupt work.

But it also has disadvantages:

High price. If you need periodic or one-time work, buying a new expensive tool is impractical.
Large size and weight.

Some craftsmen came up with a way out of the situation in the form of an additional option to the existing equipment. With a fairly low cost, you can collect cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands. This design will enhance the capabilities of an existing conventional household vacuum cleaner.

Making a cyclone with your own hands

The Internet has huge selection instructions for self-production filter cyclone, including with attached drawings and photographs. But they are united by a standard set of components.

So what we need:

Assembly instructions.

The main indicator that a cyclone for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands is assembled correctly will be garbage that collects at the bottom or settles on the walls of the container, while the suction will be fast and of high quality. Do not forget to control the tightness of the structure.

Cyclone filter history

The cyclone filter technology was created by James Dyson. It was he who first made a filter with work based on the action of centrifugal force. Why did this device become so popular and in demand that the inventor filed a patent for it?

The filter consists of two chambers. Under the action of centrifugal force inside the unit, debris begins to swirl into a funnel. Large debris at the same time, it settles in the first chamber, the outer one, and dust and light debris is collected on the inner side. This allows clean air to escape through the top opening.

The main advantages of the cyclone filter:

dust collection bags and their constant replacement are not required;
compact filter size;
quiet work;
easily removable cover allows you to regularly check the level of contamination and promptly dispose of garbage;
speed and efficiency of work.

A vacuum cleaner with a cyclone filter can be used both in everyday life and for professional purposes.

If a person has his own workshop, then one of the most important issues is cleaning the premises. But unlike cleaning dust in an apartment, an ordinary household vacuum cleaner will not help here, since it is not designed for debris and sawdust - its garbage container (dust collector or bag) will clog up very quickly and become unusable. Therefore, a homemade cyclone filter is often used, which, together with a household vacuum cleaner, will help clean up the workshop.

Introduction

Wood dust and other technical debris, although it seems harmless at first glance, in fact, are fraught with many different dangers, both for the master and for the equipment. For example, prolonged work without protective equipment that prevents dust from entering the respiratory system can cause serious complications with the respiratory tract, impair the sense of smell, etc. In addition, an instrument that is exposed to dust in a workshop can quickly fail. This is due to the fact that:

dust, mixing with the lubricant inside the tool, forms a mixture that is completely unsuitable for lubricating moving parts, which as a result leads to overheating and further breakdown
dust can impede the rotation of the moving parts of the tool, which leads to additional loads, overheating and failure,
dust clogs the air ducts designed to ventilate the heated parts of the tool and remove heat from them, resulting in overheating, deformation and failure of them again.

Thus, the issue of the quality of removal of sawing products and, in general, cleaning the room is very acute. Modern power tools are equipped with systems for removing dust and chips directly from the sawing area, which prevents dust from spreading throughout the workshop. In any case, a vacuum cleaner (or chip sucker) is needed for the dust removal process!

There are good industrial vacuum cleaners and if possible, it is better to choose the most the best option for the price and quality and buy a construction vacuum cleaner.

Nevertheless, there are times when there is already a household vacuum cleaner and it is easier to upgrade it and solve the problem of collecting construction waste indoors. To do this, you need to use a cyclone filter - it is done in half an hour with all the necessary elements.

Principle of operation

There are a great many different designs of cyclones, but all of them are united by the same operating principle. All designs of cyclonic chip suckers consist of three main parts:

Household vacuum cleaner
Cyclone filter
Garbage collection container

Its design is such that the flow of the intake air is directed in a circle and its rotational movement is obtained. Accordingly, a centrifugal force acts on the construction waste contained in this air stream (these are large and heavy fractions), which presses it against the walls of the cyclone chamber and, under the action of gravity, it gradually settles in the tank.

The disadvantage of a cyclonic vacuum cleaner is that in this way only dry garbage can be collected, but if there is water in the garbage, then there will be problems with the suction of such a substance.

The vacuum cleaner must be powerful enough, since in its normal operation it is supposed to suck in air through a standard hose. If an additional cyclone filter is used, an additional filter appears in the air path, and the total length of the duct is more than doubled due to the additional duct. Since the design is as maneuverable as a separate vacuum cleaner, the length of the last hose should be sufficient for comfortable work.

Preparatory work

As mentioned above, you can make a cyclone filter for a workshop in half an hour, but for this you need to check the availability of everything you need for the production of a chip sucker with your own hands, namely: tools, materials and consumables.

Instruments

For the production of work, tracking tools will be needed:

electric drill,
screwdriver,
jigsaw,
compass,
clamps,
Phillips screwdriver,
pencil,
for wood (50-60mm),
kit .

Materials and fasteners

Materials can be used both new and used, so carefully review the list below - you may already have something in stock;

The air duct (hose) for the vacuum cleaner is corrugated or in a textile braid.
A sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 100–150 mm, at one end of which the air duct of your household vacuum cleaner must be inserted.
Sewer outlet 30 or 45 degrees, 100-200 mm long, at one end of which the air duct specified in clause 1 will be inserted in the future.
Bucket ("large") plastic 11-26 liters with a hermetically sealed lid.
Bucket ("small") plastic 5-11 liters. Note. It is important that the difference between the two maximum diameters of the buckets is approximately 60–70 mm.
Sheet 15–20 mm thick. Note. The sheet size must be larger than the maximum diameter of the Large Bucket.
Self-tapping screws for wood with a flat wide head and a length of 2/3 of the thickness.
Gel sealant is universal.

table standard sizes round plastic buckets.

Volume, l	Cover diameter, mm	Height, mm
1,0	125	115
1,2	132	132
2,2	160	150
2,3	175	133
2,6	200	124
3,0	200	139
3,4	200	155
3,8	200	177
3,8	200	177
5,0	225	195
11	292	223
18	326	275
21	326	332
26	380	325
33	380	389

Making a cyclone filter

Creating a homemade chip sucker consists of a number of stages:

Create anchor ring and curly insert
Installing the retaining ring
Installing the side pipe
Top entry setting
Installing curly insert
Assembling the cyclone filter

Create anchor ring and curly insert

It is necessary to cut off the side of the small bucket, which is used to fasten the lid. As a result, you should get such a cylinder (well, a little on a taper).

We do the markup - we put a small bucket on and draw a line along the edge - we get a circle.

Then we determine the center of this circle (see the school geometry course) and mark out another circle, the radius of which is 30 mm larger than the existing one. Then we mark the ring and curly insert, as it shown on the picture.

Installing the retaining ring

We fix the ring on the edge of the small bucket so that we get a side. We fix it with self-tapping screws. It is advisable to pre-drill the holes so as not to split.

We mark the roof of the large bucket. For marking, you need to put the bucket itself on the lid of a large bucket and circle its outline. It is better to do the markings with a felt-tip pen, since the trace is clearly visible.

It is important to note that all joints must be sealed, respectively, before installing the cover, you need to coat the joint with sealant. You also need to grease the junction of the wooden ring and the small bucket.

Installing the side pipe

The side pipe is made from a sewer outlet of 30 degrees (or 45 degrees). To install it, you need to drill a hole in the top of the small bucket with a crown. Note that the bottom of the small bucket is now the top.

Top entry setting

To make the top entry, you need to drill a hole in the upper part of the chip sucker (small bucket), that is, in the center of the former bottom.

To firmly fix the inlet pipe, you need to use additional element strength in the form of a 20 mm thick square billet with a central hole for a 50 mm branch pipe.

The fixing of this workpiece is carried out from below with four self-tapping screws. Before installation, for tightness, the joint must be coated with sealant.