In the practice of a family doctor, insect bites are almost the most frequent treatment in the summer. Fortunately, most bites are unpleasant, but harmless. However, there are also bites of poisonous insects. From the bite of an unknown insect, shock, illness and even death can follow. So what do insect bites look like on human skin?

• Mosquito bites, how harmless are they? Not harmless at all! The mosquito can infect with malaria, West Nile, Dengue, and even yellow fever.
  The site of a mosquito bite is itchy, red, and swollen. (Photo 2) West Nile Fever, a disease transmitted by mosquitoes. You can also get it in the city, especially if you visit basements. Every year in Russia there are cases of diseases associated with mosquitoes. Symptoms appear after 2-14 days.
• How does a bed bug bite?
  When a bug bites, it leaves a lot of painless dots on a person's skin on a pink background (photo 3)
  The reaction to the bite may appear after 24 hours - intense itching and inflammation. Sometimes you have to seek medical help. Although bed bugs are considered to be harmless insects and do not carry any diseases, transmission with the common bed bug Chagas disease. See 10

In whatever corner of the planet a person is, insects can be found everywhere. Currently, more than 100 thousand species of insects are known to science. It is insects that have the largest representation among other living beings.

There are practically no such people who have never been bitten by any insect. Moreover, the human body is designed in such a way that different reactions to bites can be expected from it, regardless of the type of insect. Some bites can be completely unnoticeable, while others can cause complications. In some cases, this can even lead to death.

How to determine who bitten?

As a rule, the bites of various insects differ in a number of ways. They may have different appearance, different symptoms after a bite and different consequences. In order to determine which insect bitten, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the bites of each of them in more detail.

bedbugs

Most often from bedbugs a person is bitten precisely bed. Bed bugs tend to bite at night when people are sleeping. Initially, after a bug bite, almost no traces are visible on the body. Only red spots may appear small size on a pinkish background. A day later, swelling and redness appear at the site of the bite.

Also, in most cases, bed bug bites can be accompanied by itching. These symptoms are a pronounced allergic reaction to the bites of many insects. It used to be thought that bed bug bites were very harmless, however, as a result of recent research, it has become known that these bugs can carry Chagas disease.

Spiders

Most varieties of spiders are non-poisonous. Their bites are accompanied only by the appearance of a red spot. However, there are also such spiders, after the bites of which a severe allergic reaction appears. It can also cause skin necrosis and even poisoning.

Only a black widow can pose a threat to a person. The first reactions after a black widow bite appear within half an hour. Initially, there is swelling and pain. After a few hours, the bite causes an ache all over the body, as well as nausea and vomiting. If you are bitten by a black widow, seek medical attention immediately. medical institution.

Ticks

Ticks occupy the first place in terms of adverse effects on the human body among insects. As a rule, a person becomes a victim of a tick during a walk in nature.

Ticks move well over the human body, so most often they affect the most delicate parts of the body:

• Groin area.
• Stomach.
• Armpits.
• The area behind the ears.

A person does not feel when a tick bites him.

The main symptoms of a tick bite:

• Weakness.
• Headache.
• Tachycardia.

In addition, ticks are also among the leaders in the transfer of various diseases.

These diseases include:

• Tick-borne encephalitis.
• Lyme disease (tick-borne borreliosis).
• Hemorrhagic fever Crimea-Congo.

Fleas

When a flea bites, small red dots first appear on the body, which are accompanied by itching.

Basically, fleas bite the following parts of the body:

• Ankles.
• Caviar.
• Knees.
• Stomach.
• Armpits.

An allergic reaction to a flea bite is accompanied by redness, swelling and itching. If the redness is combed, then an infection can get in, which will lead to suppuration of the bites. For a long time, fleas carried the plague. Now you can also meet endemic outbreaks, but only in rare cases.

bees

Bee stings are characterized by severe pain that appears instantly. This pain may not go away for several hours. The place bitten by a bee takes on a pale appearance in the very center, and redness appears around. As a rule, when bee stings there is severe swelling. If there were several bites, then a person may experience a severe allergic reaction.

Allergy is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Dizziness.
• Weakness.
• Seizures.
• Quincke's edema.
• Cardiac arrest (with a large number of bites).

linen lice

Ants

The ant sting itself is very painful, so it is simply impossible not to notice it. Outwardly, the bite is a red dot. It is also worth noting that there are poisonous species of ants. If a person is bitten fire ant, then the bite is accompanied by a strong burning sensation and the formation of pustules, which can leave scars behind.

scorpions

The bite of a scorpion will also not go unnoticed. It is immediately accompanied by sharp pain and burning. Symptoms of a scorpion sting may vary depending on the type of insect itself.

Mainly:

• Burning and pain.
• Puffiness and swelling.
• Redness.
• Numbness.
• Seizures.
• Nausea.
• Tachycardia.

Dermatitis is a rash in the form of bubbles, peeling, discomfort, itching, burning, and so on. The reasons may be different, depending on which several varieties of dermatitis are distinguished, for example, infectious, allergic, atopic, food, etc.

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What kind of insect bites can be dangerous?

The main varieties of insects that live on our planet do not pose a particular danger to human health, however, the bites of some can lead to serious consequences. Poisonous hymenoptera species of insects and some species of ants can carry the greatest threat to the body.

It is worth taking into account that mostly poisonous insects attack people only as a defense. Flying bloodsuckers are also dangerous to human health. These are mosquitoes, gadflies and some types of flies. With their bite, a certain substance is introduced into the blood of people that can provoke allergic symptoms.

Insect bite symptoms

The main symptoms from an insect bite can be as follows:

• Pain sensations.
• Puffiness and swelling.
• Redness.

It should be noted that the presence of itching can cause a number of complications. It is for this reason that you should not comb the bite site to avoid infection.

Edema

Edema from an insect bite can be different, depending on the type of insect itself. In most cases, swelling is present at the site of the bite for a very short time. In order to relieve swelling, it is necessary to resort to some methods, which will be described below.

Itching

Itching can be called the most excruciating problem with an insect bite. Most often, itching occurs after the bites of mosquitoes, fleas and bedbugs. In order to answer the question, you can use any remedy after an insect bite. There are also a number effective methods able to deal with itching.

Pain

Most often, pain is accompanied by stings of scorpions, spiders, bees and poisonous insects. Sometimes the pain may occur only some time after the bite itself, however, in most cases the pain occurs immediately, so the bite cannot be overlooked.

Hyperemia

Hyperemia called redness of the affected area of ​​the body. As a rule, hyperemia appears in almost all cases of insect bites. It can only differ in the level of its severity, depending on the insect itself.

Allergy to insect sting

Most insect bites are accompanied by an allergy. However, as a rule, this should not be a cause for concern, since these reactions of the body are of a moderate nature of their manifestation.

The main signs of an allergic reaction:

• Edema.
• Pain.
• Rash (in some cases).
• An increase in temperature at the site of the bite.

If an insect has already bitten a person before, and this provoked allergic reaction, then the next bite will be accompanied by it with a probability of 60%. In most cases, there is no need to resort to specific medical methods to eliminate the allergic process.

However, there are cases when an allergy can be expressed by more serious symptoms:

• Swelling of the face and larynx.
• Labored breathing.
• Stress.
• Cardiopalmus.
• Rash.
• Dizziness.
• Pressure drop.

In such situations, it is best to seek help from a medical institution.

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Peeling of the skin, discomfort and itching, redness, rashes in the form of bubbles, cracks, weeping wounds, hyperemia, burning are signs of dermatitis.

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It has the following properties:

• Relieves itching after the first application
• Eliminates rash and peeling of the skin in 3-5 days
• Reduces overactive skin cells
• After 19-21 days completely eliminates plaques and traces of them
• Prevents the appearance of new plaques and an increase in their area

Help with insect bites

To relieve swelling at the site of the bite, you must:

• Apply cold to the bite.
• Wipe the place with an alcohol solution (before that, it must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1).
• Wipe the area with saline solution.
• Spread the bite site with a special ointment (Trimistin, Rescuer, Fenistil).

If a dense bump has formed at the site of the bite, then the following must be done:

• Treat the bite with alcohol or iodine.
• Apply a lotion of ointment (Sinaflan, Kremgen). The lotion should be at the site of the bite for at least 1.5 hours.
• Taking systemic antihistamines (Tavegil, Loratadin).

Methods that can eliminate itching:

• Applying potato pulp to the bite site.
• Rubbing with onion juice.
• Lotion from a solution of soda.
• Rubbing with apple cider vinegar with input (ratio 1:1).
• Smearing the place with toothpaste.

Folk remedies

Recipes folk remedies, which help to cope with the main symptoms of insect bites:

• soda solution. In order to prepare such a solution, you need one teaspoon of ordinary baking soda and one glass of plain water. Baking soda must be dissolved in water and mixed well. Lotions are made from the solution and applied to the bite site. Lotion can be made from a bandage or cotton pad.
• Plantain. Often there are cases when a person is bitten by an insect in nature. In such an environment, as a rule, there is not everything necessary to immediately eliminate the symptoms of a bite. However, a simple psyllium leaf helps with itching. The sheet must be washed under the input and crushed well so that it releases the juice. After that, the plantain is applied to the bite site.
• Series. If a person is bitten a large number of insects, then an allergic reaction can be eliminated with the help of a series of infusions. For cooking, you need 3 tablespoons of dry string and 0.5 liters of water. From these ingredients, you need to prepare a decoction and take it 3 times a day for half a glass.

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Prevention

In order to avoid insect bites, it is necessary to follow a number of simple rules prevention:

• Do not come close to apiaries without special clothing;
• Do not use floral and sweet perfumes when going out into nature;
• If possible, cover open parts of the body while in nature to avoid tick bites.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is worth noting that one should be careful about one's health - if a person has a severe allergic reaction, then with an insect bite, you should immediately seek the help of a specialist.

Insect bites are very annoying and cause symptoms that disappear within a few days. In some cases, however, they can cause a severe allergic reaction (potentially fatal) or a dangerous infection.

Consider all aspects of this phenomenon, which almost all people have encountered.

Features of insect bites

Insect bites are an annoying problem that almost everyone has experienced. Most often occur in the spring and summer, when the number of insects increases due to weather conditions.

Typically, when insects sting, they release a venom that penetrates the skin and causes the classic skin reaction to an insect sting. A certain percentage of people - from 24% to 26% - have only a local skin reaction, 9% may develop a systemic allergic reaction, both on the skin and in the respiratory system.

Types of bites - insects that bite and sting

There are many insects that can sting or bite a person, causing a local or systemic allergic reaction.

Among them we have:

In most cases, the symptoms of insect bites are localized at the site where the insect injects the venom. In some cases, however, the symptoms can be systemic and cause serious problems, even death.

Reaction at the site of the bite insect is associated with an inflammatory process that occurs in response to the injection of poison from the sting of an insect.

In most cases, it is noted:

• Appearance redness at the site of the bite. Depending on the insect, this may be redness, swelling, a red spot, or a small blister.
• Itching in and around the bite site.
• acute pain, especially in the case of wasp, bee and hornet stings.
• Edema in the affected part, which can be mild to intense.

In some cases, an insect bite can lead to systemic symptoms:

• The appearance of bubbles and redness all over the body or in an area greater than 5 cm from the point of injection of the poison.
• Hives and itching all over the body.
• serious violation respiratory function associated with dizziness, nausea, confusion, anxiety, and increased heart rate.

In the latter case, the subject is in a state of anaphylactic shock, caused by an allergy to insect venom. In this case, you should immediately take him to the emergency room.

Possible consequences of insect bites

In addition to systemic allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock, insect bites can lead to long-term adverse effects.

Insect bites, in most cases, are harmless, and heal on their own within a few days. In order to speed up the healing process, you can resort to the help of phytotherapeutic drugs.

Phytotherapy for insect bites

Herbal medicine is helpful in case of insect bites to speed up the healing process, reduce itching and pain. Remedies should be applied several times a day until symptoms improve.

Of the plants most suitable:

• Arnica: Contains flavonoids, triterpenes, essential oils and elenin, which have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

  Apply externally directly at the site of the bite, as a cream or ointment (containing active substances from plants) or as an alcohol tincture (10 drops diluted in a tablespoon of water, applied with a cotton swab)

• Calendula : has emollient properties and anti-inflammatory action, thanks to the content of triterpene glycosides, coumarins, triterpene alcohols, mucus, malic acid and bitter substances.

  It is applied directly at the bite site in the form of a cream containing active ingredients, or as an alcohol tincture (10 drops diluted in a small amount of water, apply with a cotton swab) or infusion (20 g of calendula bring to a boil in 300 ml of water, then boil more a few minutes, leave to infuse for ten minutes, filter.Apply gauze soaked in the resulting infusion on the bite site).

• Plantain: contains luteolin, iridoid glycosides, salicylic acid and mucus, has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.

  Use directly on the bite site as an infusion (two teaspoons of plantain leaves are added to 250 ml of boiling water and left to infuse for ten minutes, then filtered and applied with a cotton swab).

• Aloe Vera: Its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties are due to the presence of anthraquinones, resins and polysaccharides. It is applied directly to the bite in the form of a gel.
• Tea tree oil: It is a powerful antiseptic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory substance due to the properties of cineole and terpinene.

  Apply once, maximum 3 drops, applying with a cotton swab to the bite site. It also helps relieve itching.

Home remedies for insect bites

As an "ambulance" you can use home remedies that are in almost every home:

• Garlic and onion: have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, reduce swelling and itching. Apply by rubbing directly into the parts to be treated.
• Ice: Putting ice on a sore person is one of the first things you can do when faced with an insect bite. Ice gives a feeling of freshness, reduces swelling and inflammation. Ice cubes wrapped in cotton cloth should be applied for 5-10 minutes.
• Lemon: due to the content in it citric acid, has a disinfectant effect and soothes the burning and itching associated with a bite. It is applied by applying a few drops directly to the bite site using a cotton swab.

Sometimes you can hear advice about using ammonia at the site of an insect bite. In fact, such a tool Not recommended as it may cause skin burns.

Pharmacological treatments for bites

In most cases of insect bites, the following drugs are used:

• Medications based on cortisone such as prednisone, which is usually applied as an ointment directly to the part to be treated.
• Antihistamines to reduce the symptoms of itching if it is very annoying.
• Adrenalin to stop the development of anaphylactic shock (only qualified medical personnel can use it).
• Antibiotics, in case the insect bite has symptoms of infection.

Recall that This article is for informational purposes only and it is always advisable to consult a pharmacist before using any insect sting treatment..

Insect bites. What to do after a bite?

Thank you

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

General information

Insects are called living organisms from the order of arthropods, they inhabit almost all continents. Of all the living creatures on our planet, insects are the most numerous.

There is no person who has never experienced a bite of an insect. Consequences bite depend primarily on the type of insect and secondarily on the individual characteristics of the organism. For some people, the bite of the most common mosquito can be deadly.

reaction human body causes not the very fact of skin puncture, but the substances that insects inject during a bite. The purpose of bites can be both defensive and food ( blood-sucking).

What insects can be dangerous?

The main danger for the inhabitant of middle latitudes is the bites of hymenoptera insects: bees, wasps, bumblebees, hornets, red ants. These insects sting exclusively in self-defense. During a sting or bite, poison enters the human body, consisting of active proteins and other components, which are often strong allergens. The body responds to the introduction of these substances with redness, pain and swelling of the tissues. According to statistics, four times more people die from bee and wasp stings than from snake bites. Various insects strike different methods. So, wasps and bees sting with a sting, while the latter die, since the sting, along with the stinging apparatus, remains in the wound. Ants inject poison by biting with their jaws, and they can bite as many times as they like.

When bitten by bloodsucking mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, bedbugs) the person experiences discomfort. But at the same time, some of them are also carriers of dangerous infections.

• Malarial mosquitoes carry malaria,
• African mosquitoes carry West Nile encephalitis,
• Lice carry relapsing fever,
• Mosquitoes carry leishmaniasis,
• Tsetse flies carry sleeping sickness,
• Ordinary flies can be carriers of typhus, dysentery,
• Deer flies carry tularemia,
• Fleas carry bubonic plague,
• Lice carry rickettsiosis,
• Mosquitoes can carry viral diseases: yellow fever, dengue fever, equine encephalitis,
• Ticks carry Lyme disease,
• spider bite ( especially Black Widow and Brown Hermit) can cause serious complications and even death.

Swelling, pain, and other signs of a bite

Most often, with an insect bite, there is itching, pain, swelling and redness at the site of the bite. If you try to scratch the affected area, you can introduce an infection. But if the victim is allergic to insect bites, the poison can provoke not only a local, but also a general reaction of the body: rashes all over the body, worsening of breathing, impaired consciousness. In especially severe cases, death occurs within half an hour after the bite.
A wasp or bee sting on the tongue can cause swelling of the tongue and pharynx and further suffocation.
Stings from multiple bees or hornets cause kidney failure and paralysis.
The bites of red ants cause a lot of trouble to the victim, as they itch very much and also hurt.

Allergy to bites

Allergic reactions to insect stings can be moderate to severe. With a mild allergic reaction, the following signs or one of them are observed:

• swelling,
• pain,
• mild swelling,
• an increase in body temperature at the site of the sting.

If there was an allergy to an insect bite once, the possibility of its reappearance is 60%. A moderate allergic reaction is observed in many victims and does not require special measures. The standard help described below is sufficient.

Signs of an acute allergic reaction:

• puffiness of the face,
• breathing disorder,
• anxiety, nervousness,
• acceleration of the heartbeat,
• the rash appears all over the body, it itches and is very bright,
• dizzy,
• blood pressure drops sharply.

Severe reactions to insect bites are not very common. However, within ten minutes, the patient may develop anaphylactic shock, impaired consciousness, and death. Therefore, such a victim requires immediate medical attention.

The first drug used in anaphylactic shock is adrenaline ( epinephrine). Timely administered drug stops allergic manifestations. Sometimes oxygen masks, droppers and other more serious procedures are used. The patient can be left in the hospital for another day to fully stabilize the condition. Persons who have already experienced such conditions once, it is advisable to always have an ampoule of epinephrine with them when hiking in the forest and walking in nature. But sometimes only one dose of this drug is not enough, so in any case, you need to call an ambulance.

Stings of wasps, bees, bumblebees and hornets

If in middle lane more often you can meet bees and wasps, then in the south hornets are added to them - huge wasps. As already mentioned, stinging insects bite in self-defense. At the same time, wasps and hornets can sting many times. In bees and bumblebees, the sting is covered with notches that slow it down in the body. Together with the sting, the stinging apparatus also escapes from the body of the insect. Poison is sprayed out of it for another 3-5 minutes, so the sting should be immediately removed from the wound.

At the site of the bite, the body turns red, swells, hurts and becomes hot. With individual sensitivity to bee venom, body temperature may rise, nausea, headache, coordination may be disturbed, and lethargy and fever may appear. The same reaction happens if a person is stung by several insects at once.
In especially severe cases, even one bite is enough to disturb the heart rhythm, convulsions appear, joints and back begin to hurt, and consciousness is disturbed. Some people may experience an asthma attack and even anaphylactic shock.

What to do after a bite?
If the bite is in the hand, you must immediately remove all the rings and then immediately pull out the sting and try to gently squeeze the liquid out of the wound. In order to carefully remove the poison sac, you need to "scrape" it with any hard object.

No need to try to pull on it, as the poison will be injected even faster. Persons who are not allergic to bee and wasp stings need only take an antihistamine tablet, apply a cold lotion with ammonia (dilute in a ratio of 1:5) or with ethyl alcohol diluted three times with water.

It also does not hurt to drink some warm tea and lie down. Just in case, an antihistamine can be drunk for a couple of days in a row until the swelling goes away. Some doctors recommend taking 25 grams of vodka orally ( adult only!). At acute pain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, will help.

In some individuals, individual intolerance to the poison manifests itself after a while. Therefore, those who are not confident in their body should carefully monitor signs such as nausea, changes in blood pressure, an increase in body temperature, rashes in other places, as well as breathing complications.

Folk methods for the treatment of stings of bees, wasps, bumblebees or hornets
1. Chew and stick a plantain leaf on the affected area.
2. Wash the bite site with urine.
3. Tie a dandelion leaf, pre-crumpled, to the bite site.
4. Make a strong infusion of the herb Veronica officinalis and make lotions with it.
5. Attach parsley leaves to the affected area. This will eliminate pain and swelling. Inside, take a decoction of the roots of this plant: for two tablespoons of raw materials, half a liter of boiling water. Pour in a thermos overnight. Drink a third of a glass three times a day 30 minutes before a meal. This remedy eliminates the sensitization of the body.
6. Brew three tablespoons of the string in a thermos with 500 ml of boiling water overnight. Take 100 ml orally three times a day for half an hour before meals. Make lotions with the leaves of the series.
7. Squeeze the juice from the mint leaves, treat the sting site. It will relieve pain, inflammation, relax.
8. Cut a raw onion and attach a cut to the bite. Leave overnight. You can treat the sore spot with onion juice.

Multiple stings of wasps or bees can be very dangerous. If in the forest you accidentally stumble upon vespiary, in no case should you brush off insects, try to crush them. We need to get away from this place as soon as possible. If only one insect emits poison, others smell it and also rush to attack. With multiple bites, it is imperative and urgent to go to the hospital.

mosquito bites

Mosquito bites not only leave behind a painful itch. These insects can be truly dangerous if they carry the causative agent of malaria.
According to an ancient legend, these small bloodsuckers were sent to people as a punishment for evil female tongues.

More than two thousand species of mosquitoes are known. And not all of them are carriers of malaria. The latter are slightly larger and their abdomen is located much higher than the head, while in ordinary species the head may be slightly higher or the body is parallel to the surface. Despite the fact that in Lately the number of malarial mosquitoes in the middle lane has increased, in most cases we observe the usual species of these insects.

Only females suck blood, and only when they are preparing to lay eggs. Mosquitoes need blood proteins in order to lay as many eggs as possible. So, a “hungry” mosquito can lay no more than 50 eggs, and a well-fed mosquito can lay up to 300.

A mosquito can detect its prey for several kilometers! Its sting looks like a syringe, the needle of which is still covered with a special protective case. During insertion into the body, the sheath rises. As soon as the sting is introduced into the body, a substance that prevents blood clotting is immediately injected into the human tissue. This very anticoagulant causes itching and redness.

For an adult healthy person not even five hundred mosquito bites are dangerous. However, for an allergic person, one may be enough to cause a severe allergic reaction and even death.

What to do after a bite?
1. Make a strong solution of baking soda and periodically treat the itchy area.
2. Lubricate the bites alcohol tincture calendula, boric alcohol, tomato juice.
3. Make a cold wash.
4. For multiple bites, take an antihistamine.
5. In a camping first-aid kit or in the country, you should definitely keep an antihistamine, fenistil or fucorcin (relieve itching and even eliminate nettle burns).

Folk methods for mosquito bites
1. Treat with sour cream or kefir.
2. Attach a leaf of bird cherry or plantain to the bite site.
3. Lubricate the affected area with Asterisk balm.

Spider bites

There are very poisonous spiders, the bites of which can lead to the death of the victim. When attacked by such a spider, a person should be immediately taken to the hospital.

In fact, not every spider is really dangerous. Brown hermit spiders, karakurts and tarantulas are very dangerous. These insects are found in warm regions, do not like dampness. They usually live where people rarely go, for example, in attics, among firewood.

Tarantulas are quite large and prefer to settle in the steppe sandy places. The brown recluse spider has a special violin-like pattern on its back. And in the karakurt, the abdomen is decorated with a bright red pattern, similar to an hourglass.

tarantula bite pretty painful. At the site of the lesion, the skin turns red, swells and hurts. The general condition of the victim is deteriorating, he is lethargic, he is sleepy. Most often, these symptoms last for several days.

Karakurt bite looks like a weak prick. The condition worsens in about an hour or two. The body at the site of the bite swells, begins to hurt. Gradually, the pain spreads to the lower back, leg muscles, abdomen and upper back. The head is spinning, it hurts, the whole body aches. 2% of karakurt bites end in cardiac arrest and death.

At bitten by a brown recluse spider the victim feels a slight burning sensation. But after 8 hours, the site of the lesion turns red, sore and covered with a blister. After a while, the blister disappears, but a rather large ulcer remains, which gradually becomes even larger. The body temperature rises, the general well-being of the patient worsens, the body aches, the victim is nervous. Deaths from the bites of these spiders have been recorded. They are more dangerous for children.

What to do after a bite?
1. Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
2. To achieve immobility of the affected limb. To do this, apply a tire. When moving, the blood flows faster and the poison is more likely to disperse throughout the body.
3. If the spider has bitten on the leg or arm, you can slightly pinch the limb just above the bite site, applying a kind of “tourniquet”. But you can not pinch the fabric too much. In addition, such a bandage cannot be kept on the body for a long time ( not longer than an hour).
4. Make a cold lotion on the affected area.
5. Drink a lot to cleanse the body of poisons through the kidneys.
6. Take an aspirin adults) or paracetamol.

Be sure to go to the hospital if:

• The victim is a child
• After a bite, the general well-being of the victim deteriorates significantly,
• There is a chance of being bitten by a karakurt or a brown hermit. In such cases, an antidote must be administered.

Bites of domestic insects (bugs)

There are more than fifty thousand varieties of bedbugs on the planet. In temperate climates, there are about a thousand species. Bed bugs eat on average once a week. But given that their colonies are very large, the problem of bedbug bites becomes clear. Existing in the same room with them is almost impossible.

Bedbugs prefer to suck the blood of children and women, because they have thinner skin. If there is a choice, they will go to saturate on the body of a non-smoking family member.

Often, a bug bite is initially mistaken for a mosquito bite or even an allergy. Bedbugs like to settle in hard-to-reach corners: in cracks, under skirting boards, in cracks in furniture, behind paintings and wallpaper. During the day they can be found only if you look carefully.

The bug bite is absolutely painless, as it injects an anesthetic into the wound. Sometimes the bug, in order to drink blood, pierces the body in several places, since it can not immediately find a close vessel.
Bedbugs carry such serious diseases as tuberculosis, plague, anthrax and smallpox.

What to do?
If bedbugs are found, there are only two options to get rid of them: move to another dwelling for a while or call pest control specialists. You can process the apartment yourself. But for this you need to get a protective suit and a respirator, gloves and a spray device.

Absolutely all objects, walls and floors must be treated with a solution. That is, all surfaces and cracks. On the square meter upholstered furniture and carpets take approximately 100 ml of solution and half as much on floors, walls, unupholstered wooden furniture. If you process the room in parts, then cunning bugs will simply move to surfaces that have not yet been processed. Therefore, processing should be carried out immediately and everywhere. Must be processed immediately door jambs, ventilation ducts.

After disinfection, all windows should be opened and left for ventilation. During processing, pets, plants and, of course, people should be removed. After airing it is necessary to wipe with a wet cloth all the places that you touch.
Sometimes not all bedbugs die immediately, the drug acts in a week or even a month, it all depends on which drug is chosen.

Tick ​​bite

Ticks often inhabit forests, however, they also feel great in meadows. For a walk in nature, you should choose light-colored clothes - it is easier to spot an insect on it. During the walk, you should carefully examine each other once an hour. It is desirable that the bottom of the trousers be captured by an elastic band or cuff. You can tuck them into boots.
Most often, ticks lie in wait for their victims, sitting on blades of grass or twigs. They can only go up, they can't go down. You can play on this by choosing clothes for a walk. If a tick encounters an obstacle while traveling through your clothes, it will not be able to overcome it.
Returning home from a walk, you need to very carefully review not only your clothes, but also flowers, twigs or toys brought from the forest.

What to do if he sucked?
1. Do not drip any oils or alcohols on the tick. In such a situation, the insect will try to defend itself by injecting more poison into the body.
2. tweezers ( last resort, fingers) take an insect and unscrew it like a screw. This method gives a 100% result. Just don't pull it, just twist it.
3. After removing the insect, you need to carefully examine the wound - if the proboscis of the insect remains in it. Then treat with alcohol.
4. Give the victim an antihistamine.
5. If the region is unfavorable for encephalitis, it is advisable to immediately contact the clinic after the bite.

Bites in children

Children are a tasty object for bites blood-sucking insects, because their skin is thin, and blood circulation is very active. A child can get a bite of a wasp or a bee by inadvertently stepping on an insect with a bare foot or even while eating some sweet and juicy fruit- the insect may also want to eat.

Even the bite of an ordinary mosquito can cause quite extensive redness, and swelling can be greater than that of an adult. Usually after a couple of days they gradually begin to turn pale and disappear.
Otherwise, the reaction of the child's body to the bite of any insect is not much different from the reaction of adults.

First aid for stinging insect bites is as follows:

• remove sting,
• apply ice
• give an antihistamine by mouth
• lubricate the sore spot fenistil-gel or in more severe cases cream advantan. The first remedy is based on herbal ingredients, and the second includes hormones.

You should definitely send the child to the hospital if there are several bites, if they are in the mouth, on the face.
When bitten by a mosquito, you can also lubricate the blister fenistil. If the baby tries to scratch the blister, you must definitely relieve the itch. After all, through a small comb it is easy to bring an infection.

Methods for relieving itching after mosquito bites:

• dilute the soda with water to the state of gruel, treat the blister,
• wipe with ammonia diluted with water in equal parts,
• treat the blister with mint toothpaste.

In nature, a child can be attacked by horseflies. The bite of this insect is very painful, besides, the wound can subsequently become inflamed and even fester, as the insect can lay its eggs under the skin. These insects are more active on a clear sunny day.

If a child is bitten by a horsefly, wash the wound with soap and water as soon as possible. To relieve itching, the same baking soda will help. Lotions are put on for 15 minutes, after which they are replaced by new ones. Horseflies are completely safe in the shade and attack only in sunny meadows, closer to water bodies.

Bites during pregnancy

No one is immune from the bites of pesky mosquitoes or vicious wasps. But future mothers, unlike everyone else, are practically forbidden to use repellents and most drugs.

In extreme cases, if an insect has bitten and the body's reaction is strong, you can drink an antihistamine tablet ( tavegila, suprastina, fenistila).

But it is easier to prevent bites than to treat them later:

• don't keep on open places sweet fruits and desserts,
• do not drink from cans and bottles that have stood on the table for some time unattended - a wasp can hide in them!
• After eating sweets and fruits, be sure to wipe your lips with a wet napkin,
• avoid wearing too colorful dresses in nature,
• do not walk barefoot on meadows and flower fields,
• do not use strong-smelling floral fragrances in summer,
• use Mosquito nets at home and in the country,
• treat clothes with repellents,
• use ultrasonic mosquito traps,
• if there is no allergy - resort to essential oils.

Treatment of bites

Treatment should be chosen depending on the symptoms. So, with a slight swelling and pain, it will be enough to apply a cold compress or pieces of ice. Some insects, such as mosquitoes, carry germs, so you can also wash the affected area with mild soap and water. By all means, you should refrain from scratching blisters, because this is the first way to infect wounds.

Antihistamines can be successfully used to relieve itching ( zyrtec, loratadine, suprastin, phencarol, tavegil), sold in pharmacies without a prescription.

If there have been very severe reactions to insect bites in the past, the contents of the anti-anaphylactic packet should be used. This package includes a syringe with adrenaline for an injection, an antihistamine and a tourniquet. These drugs should be used as prescribed by the doctor. In such cases, it is also assigned diphenhydramine, as well as drugs from the group cortisone. The hospital will teach you how to use an anti-anaphylactic bag.

If the wound becomes infected, oral forms of antibiotics are given. And in the most severe cases, they resort to an oxygen mask, intravenous infusions of drugs. In such patients, the work of the heart should be constantly monitored.

Antihistamines are prescribed for a period of three to five days. Duration of steroid use cortisone) prescribed by a doctor.

Folk methods of treatment

1. Treat the bite site with echinacea tincture and drink a few drops inside. According to doctors, echinacea regulates the work immune system and eliminates allergic manifestations.
2. Crush an activated charcoal tablet and add water to make a slurry. Apply it to the bite site so that it does not dry out quickly, cover with a film on top. Charcoal acts as an antidote, absorbing poison molecules from the wound.
3. Make a lotion from milk or from milk ice. Hold up to 10 minutes.

Ointment for insect bites

All ointments used to eliminate the effects of insect bites are divided into hormonal and non-hormonal.

Psilo Balm - antiallergic agent. Eliminates itching, redness and swelling of the skin, anesthetizes, cools. Indicated for use in insect bites, itchy eczema, chickenpox, allergies. Not valid on general state organism. Processing is carried out three to four times a day. During pregnancy is used with caution.

vitaon - balm based on herbal ingredients: mint oil, pine buds, wormwood, yarrow, wild rose, St. John's wort, celandine, marigold, chamomile, fennel, cumin, thyme, camphor. Relieves pain and itching, eliminates inflammation, destroys microbes, promotes rapid healing. Used for lotions or treatments of affected areas. Treatments are carried out twice a day, lotion is placed for 48 hours.

Golden Star - ointment based on herbal ingredients: mint, clove, cinnamon, eucalyptus, camphor, menthol oils. Effective for both repelling insects and treating bites. Relieves itching, inflammation. Do not apply near the eyes, damaged skin and mucous membranes. Rub a small amount of ointment into the affected area. May cause an intolerance reaction. In this case, wash the area thoroughly. warm water with soap. Not used until the age of two years.

Fenistil gel - antihistamine preparation for local treatments. Recommended for relieving itching from insect bites. The effect of the drug is noticeable within a few minutes after application, effective for 1 to 4 hours. Places of bites are treated two to four times a day. If itching is very severe, it must be combined with an oral antihistamine. It is forbidden to use if the victim is under 1 month old. During pregnancy, use only after consulting a doctor and on small areas of the body.

Sinaflan - corticosteroid for local treatments. Recommended for the treatment of insect bites, first degree burns, sunburn, itching, eczema, dermatitis, neurodermatitis. The ointment is used only for short courses and for treating small areas of the body, as it causes many side effects. Treat the affected area one to three times a day.

Advantan is a glucocorticosteroid latest generation. Due to the special form of the active ingredient, the drug has practically no general effect on the body, even when long-term use. In the case of insect bites, it is recommended only in case of a very pronounced reaction. The drug usually does not cause side effects. Treatment with ointment is carried out once a day, not abundantly.

Bites of poisonous insects

The most dangerous are the bites of scorpions, karakurt, salpuga, centipede, tarantula.

Despite the fact that the vast majority of poisonous insects are no more dangerous than bees, the reaction to them largely depends on the state of the organism. According to statistics, babies with weak body defenses most often die from scorpion stings.

Bite prevention dangerous insects in their habitats, it consists in the use of repellents, a thorough examination of shoes and clothes before putting them on, blocking all the cracks through which insects can get into a dwelling or tent.

When bitten by poisonous insects, a special anti-venom serum is required immediately ( specific for each type of insect), and then support the heart and blood vessels with the help of medications. If it is not possible to immediately deliver the victim to a medical facility, you need to make a strong solution of potassium permanganate, moisten a cloth in it and apply a lotion to the wound. Then give to drink 100 ml weak solution potassium permanganate, lay, wrap, periodically drink water.

Homeopathy for bites

Of all the homeopathic remedies used to relieve the effects of insect bites, the most common are Apis and Ledum. The first is made from the bodies of dead bees and bee venom. The drugs can be taken orally and treated with wounds. For external use, drops are applied to the bandage, and a lotion is made.

A drug Apis effective for bee stings, if there is a strong swelling and redness of the tissues, the bite site hurts sharply, a blister forms.
A drug Ledum it is also recommended in cases where, after a bite, the tissues become cold, turn pale and pain is relieved with cold compresses.

To prevent a strong allergic reaction, you can take the drug for 4 days at the beginning of the warm period of the year. Apis. For many allergy sufferers, this homeopathic remedy acts almost like a vaccination, nullifying the body's response to insect bites.

When is a doctor needed?

If an insect bite causes not just redness at the site of the bite, but any other general disorders that do not even cause great trouble, you should definitely consult a doctor. After all, when they reappear, they can be much more intense and cause anaphylactic shock.

The most common reaction to bites are rashes like urticaria. The spots covering the body do not have the same shape, they are slightly raised above the level of the skin, swollen and red, itchy. If no other symptoms are observed, the doctor will prescribe antihistamines.

If microbes were introduced into the bite site ( the tissues are hot, the general condition worsens, a bright streak has formed on the skin) need a doctor's help.
In any case, the victim requires attention from others. It is necessary to monitor his condition and, in case of deterioration in general well-being, contact a specialist.

If it is known that the victim has severe reactions to insect bites, immediately after the incident, call " ambulance”, even if the condition of the victim seems to be normal.

In addition, you need to call an ambulance if the following signs are observed:

• dyspnea,
• hoarse breath,
• feeling of heaviness or pain in the chest,
• lethargy or lack of coordination
• inability to swallow, speak, sensation of squeezing the throat,
• signs of infection.

As a rule, it is enough to examine the victim to make a diagnosis. It is also necessary to examine the state of the heart and respiratory tract.

Prevention

1. Take into account the daily activity of insects. Thus, mosquitoes in temperate climates are usually active at dusk. Therefore, people who are allergic to their bites should refrain from walking at this time of day.
2. When walking in nature, it is better to dress in light clothes, but with long trousers and sleeves. T-shirts and shirts should be tucked into trousers. It is advisable to wear a Panama hat on your head. That is, open areas of the body should be as small as possible.
3. Repellents should not be neglected. They can be applied not only directly to the body, but also to clothing ( for this there is special means ). Products containing permethrin repel mosquitoes, ticks and other insects. They need to be applied to the fabric, and even after several washes they retain their effect. Moreover, this type of treatment is practically harmless to humans. Another active ingredient used by many repellant manufacturers is DEET. It can be applied both on clothes and directly on the skin. The preparation should not contain more than 35% DEET, since large quantity does not affect performance in any way, but adversely affects health.
4. Use mosquito nets. Now they are produced not only for windows, but even for cribs and strollers.
5. Eucalyptus extract can be used instead of fumigator liquid. Mosquitoes hate this smell.
6. Mosquitoes from a mile away feel elevated cholesterol levels in the blood and prefer just such people to everyone else. Therefore - normalize cholesterol.

Repellents for children

When choosing a repellent, you must first read the labels on the package. In children's preparations, there should be no substance as active ingredients diethyltoluamide (DEET). This component is very toxic, so children under the age of six should not even apply it to clothing.

The most preferred are byrepel, as well as IR 3535. Very effective and completely harmless is the balm " Golden Star". You can treat the baby's clothes and skin with vanilla extract, cedar or clove oil, tincture of lemon balm or eucalyptus.
For children, do not choose aerosol products, but only creams, ointments or gels.

How to use repellents correctly?

When using mosquito repellents for body treatment, it should be remembered that poisons that are dangerous for mosquitoes are also dangerous for humans.

How to minimize harm from toxic components?
1. If you plan to be in nature for no longer than one and a half hours, you should choose drugs with a low concentration of the active substance ( to 10%). But such drugs are not suitable for ticks - they are only afraid of lethal concentrations above 20%.
2. Do not water with repellent - its increased amount will not affect the effect in any way.
3. To spread a cream or gel on the body, it is better to put a thin medical glove on your hand.
4. Aerosol must not be applied to the face! But only a cream, ointment or gel.
5. Aerosols should not be used in closed rooms.
6. Do not treat areas of skin hidden by clothing.
7. Some components of repellents may interact with synthetic fibers fabrics. Therefore, it is preferable to wear things made from natural fabrics.
8. Do not repel areas with scratches, wounds, inflammation, lips, and eyelids.
9. After a walk, you need to take a shower and remove the remnants of the substance from the body.
10. If clothes are treated with repellent, they should be changed as soon as there is no need for protection.
11. The manufacturer usually gives recommendations on the frequency of treatments - do not neglect these recommendations.

Plants that repel insects

1. Marigold Flies and mosquitoes hate their smell.
2. Bergamot - will help to avoid bites, as well as relieve inflammation during bites. Very effective in this case in combination with lavender.
3. Verbena - repels any insects.
4. Carnation - Great for repelling mosquitoes and flies.
5. Geranium - both in the form of a plant and in the form of an oil, geranium repels insects.
6. Cedar - repels midges and mosquitoes.
7. Cypress - is a strong insecticide.
8. Lavender - effective against moths, mosquitoes, flies. Helps prevent blistering from bites.
9. laurel - repel insects and help heal blisters faster.
10. Melissa - remarkably repels insects, and also relieves pain during stings.
11. Eucalyptus - Great insect repellant.
Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

Often, summer holidays are overshadowed by the fight against insects. Even when it was an ordinary fly bite, the vacation does not bring the pleasure that was in dreams. What to say about the bites of wasps, spiders, bedbugs, bees and other representatives of the arthropod group. Bites can appear on the human body not only in wild nature but also at home. This is the biggest problem, as you need to differentiate the state in order to understand who to fight.

Dangerous household pests

mosquito bites and representatives entomofauna differ from each other in signs and symptoms, the level of danger, as well as methods of first aid.

poisonous spiders

Spiders found at home, most often do not pose a danger to adults and children. The bite of these arthropods looks like a small swelling with a dot in the center with the formation of redness around. The body of certain people sometimes responds with individual hypersensitivity, manifested by allergies. This is a rather serious condition, which is accompanied by significant hyperemia and swelling.

For humans, the button spider (black widow) is poisonous. After 15 minutes appears:

• puffiness;
• strong pain;
• vomiting and nausea;
• difficulty breathing;
• increased sweating;
• abdominal pain;
• fever;
• convulsions.

Bed bugs are the most common variant of "home" residents, leaving their "signs" at night on the human body. Immediately after the bite of the bug, there is no trace left. In the morning, red dots form on the skin, which are accompanied by itching. Pain and swelling are absent or mild.

bedbugs are carriers of Chagas disease. This disease is accompanied by:

• swelling and pain;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• fever.

Flea human

After a flea bite, swelling and small areas of redness appear, which, if scratched on the skin, turn into extensive hemorrhages.

Blood-sucking tick

You can find a tick on the skin, where the soft tissues are located. It's about about the area of ​​​​the armpits, inguinal region, the area behind the ears, abdomen, neck.

Around the body of a tick sticking out of the tissues of the human body, red spots and swelling may appear.

Wasps and bees

These bites are dangerous for children and adults, especially if there is a serious allergy. Bee and wasp stings can be accompanied by swelling, severe pain, burning, itching. A red spot appears on the skin, probably a rash, a blister.

This disease manifests itself in the form of a group outbreak and, as a rule, occurs in children's groups. The kid begins to itch, complain of discomfort and pain in the area of ​​​​the scalp. During the examination, you can see inflammation, scratching, small red spots, which are located in groups. Nits can be seen on the hairline. These are louse eggs that are white-yellow in color and round in shape.

mosquitoes

Mosquitoes can also be cause of disease due to the ability to be a carrier of the pathogen. If there is no allergy to the bite, then a person can only notice a slight redness on the skin. These bites then cause itching.

In certain situations, there is an allergy to mosquito bites. In this case, swelling begins to spread to large areas of the body, itching becomes painful.

General symptoms of bites

Most often, a bite is accompanied by typical symptoms:

• edema;
• pain
• a tumor;
• itching;
• hyperemia.

Pain and a red spot are typical for bites that are dangerous for the human body. The list includes some spiders, bees and wasps. Lice, mosquitoes, bedbugs and fleas can cause itching. The skin begins to itch so much that this condition even interferes with sleep.

The bite will require first aid. medical care. Most often this refers to dangerous arthropods or the presence of allergies in the victim.

First aid

• during a flea bite, it is necessary to get rid of severe itching, otherwise you can comb the body to the blood - to relieve the symptom, you need to treat the wounds with a disinfectant or soapy solution, then apply an antihistamine effect or hormonal ointment with hydrocortisone;
• wounds from bees must be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, alcohol or hydrogen peroxide;
• the appearance of signs of intoxication during an insect bite will require the use of enterosorbents (Enterosgel, Smecta);
• sulfuric ointment can help to dry the pathological area and eliminate inflammation; Advantan ointment is also good against inflammation;
• mosquito bites will require skin treatment with dilute ammonia solution;
• skin after bug bites should be treated with a solution based on soda or soap.

When first aid was provided to the victim at home, it is best to send the patient for a consultation with a doctor. Bites are sometimes fraught dangerous diseases and consequences, therefore, at the time of the slightest suspicion of a deterioration in the condition, it is necessary to contact a medical facility.

In order to cure the pathology, doctors prescribe hormonal drugs (ointments and creams). These funds will remove not only the process of inflammation, but also swelling, itching, pain, burning.

You also need to use antihistamines:

• tablets - Suprastin, Loratadin, Tavegil;
• local action - Advantan, Elocom, Fenistil.

Many victims ask what can be done if swelling and redness appear after an insect bite. As a rule, this is how an allergic and inflammatory reaction manifests itself. If the brightness of symptoms progresses, then qualified assistance is required.

Severe hyperemia and swelling will require the appointment of:

• ointments based on antibacterial substances;
• hormonal drugs;
• means to combat allergies - antihistamine creams, ointments and tablets.

Folk methods of treatment

One common remedy is a baking soda solution. For cooking, the following proportions are used: 0.5 tbsp. l. substances require a glass of liquid. In this composition, a bandage is moistened and applied to the affected area.

Infusion of a series is a folk analogue of allergy drugs. Infusion of a medicinal plant must be taken orally to eliminate swelling and itching.

Plantain leaves. This recipe is used for outdoor recreation. If a person notices that some insect has bitten him, then you can pick and put a leaf of the plant on the wound. Before use, the sheet must be washed and slightly crushed.

Choice of drug

After bites, several groups are used medicines. The choice will depend on:

• causes of the condition;
• the person's age;
• manufacturing forms;
• purpose of application;
• composition of the drug.

Ointments for itching from a bite:

1. Elidel removes the appearance of a hypersensitivity reaction, does not contain hormonal components. Apply the course.
2. Fenistil- an antihistamine that effectively eliminates dangerous symptoms allergies.
3. Nezulin- cream-ointment, which is effectively used for serious allergic reactions. It contains plant substances, D-panthenol and essential oils.

Hormonal preparations:

1. Advantan It is produced in the form of a gel, emulsion and ointment. It is undesirable to treat large areas of the body.
2. Hydrocortisone has a double effect: it removes burning sensation, swelling and other symptoms of the pathology, which pass quite quickly, and also prevents the manifestation of anaphylactic shock.

Babies react differently to bites, it will also depend on the individual reaction of the body. The wound may swell, hyperemia and edema appear. If nothing else worries, then help can be provided to the child at home.

The kid may not notice that he was bitten by an insect, but within 15 minutes rashes appear, it becomes difficult to breathe, the tongue and eyelids may swell. All symptoms are indicative of an allergy. The main reason is the presence of individual hypersensitivity or the ingress of toxic substances into the child's blood.

Doctors note that it is dangerous to take a baby to the nature, who has parents with allergies, without stocks of hormonal and antihistamines for first aid.

Allergic reaction

It is manifested by hypertrophied symptoms of a general or local nature. Locally, a strong swelling of the body area in which the wound is located may appear, it looks enlarged, red, swollen. General clinical symptoms begin to be accompanied by:

• dizziness;
• headache;
• severe itching of the skin;
• swelling of the tongue and throat;
• difficult breathing;
• myocardial insufficiency;
• convulsions.

Treatment regimen:

• injection of glucocorticosteroids;
• local hormonal ointments and creams;
• infusion treatment (drip intravenous saline, Ringer and others);
• antihistamine tablets.

Preventive measures

Taking preventive measures can help reduce the risk of a problem. Used for prevention repellents. These are chemicals that are designed to repel arthropods. Long-term protection can be provided by:

• OFF Extreme;
• OFF SMOOTH
• Ultrathon;
• DEET Wokko;
• Mosquitoll Super asset protection.

They are made in the form of sprays, oils, aerosols, creams. Regular use will discourage the desire to bite many representatives of the entomofauna.

Also to preventive measures include:

• avoiding outdoor recreation in the evening, when arthropods are most active;
• choice of clothes with long trousers and sleeves;
• avoiding choosing colorful and bright clothes for relaxation;
• installation of mosquito nets on doors and windows;
• performing vaccinations while traveling abroad;
• inspection for the presence of "living creatures" of domestic animals.

Such preventive measures are suitable for adults and children, and also reduce the risk of problems.

In conclusion, it must be said that you need to be very careful about your health. If a person has a severe allergic reaction, then during the bite, you should immediately seek help from a specialist and follow his recommendations.