Eid al-Adha or the holiday of Conversations, the second great holiday among Muslims, which is held in honor of the end of the fast of Ramadan, falls on June 16 in 2018.

The month of Ramadan, in which the Holy Quran was revealed, in 2018 began on May 17 with sunset and ends on June 15 in the evening.

© photo: Sputnik / Amir Isaev, STR

On the last day of Ramadan, after sunset, the holiday of Conversation or Eid al Fitr (in Arabic) comes - one of the most important events in Islam.

In different Muslim countries, Ramadan may start at different time, and it depends on the method of astronomical calculation or direct observation of the phases of the moon.

Muslim calendar

The Muslim chronology is based on the resettlement (in Arabic Hijra) of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Yathrib, later called the city of the Prophet - Medina. According to Christian chronology, the resettlement took place in the summer of 622.

The Muslim calendar, according to which Muslims all over the world live, is based on lunar year consisting of 12 months - it is 10 or 11 days less solar year, therefore, the days of Muslim religious holidays each year are shifted relative to the Gregorian calendar.

Moon month last 29 or 30 days. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar in 2018 and lasts 30 days. This holy month of fasting and spiritual cleansing for Muslims is the most important and significant of all periods of the year.

A month of fasting and spiritual cleansing

With the onset of Ramadan, every devout Muslim must begin fasting - one of the five pillars of Islam, along with testimony of faith, prayer, alms and pilgrimage. Fasting in the ninth month of the Muslim calendar was prescribed in 624, the second year of the Hijri.

During the month of Ramadan, devout Muslims refuse to eat food during the daytime, devoting them to spiritual and bodily cleansing. Therefore, Islam provides for two night meals: suhoor - pre-dawn and iftar - evening.

Muslims abstain not only from food and drink, but also from foul language and impure thoughts. Their goal is to strengthen faith, rethink their way of life, move away from the forbidden, determine the true life values... Fasting of one whose deeds and thoughts are unclean and not pleasing to God is considered invalid.

During the holy month, after the obligatory night prayer, the taraweeh prayer is performed - a voluntary prayer that lasts until dawn. For its fulfillment, according to legend, a large reward follows from the Almighty.

Those who, for some reason, are exempted from fasting, must feed the needy every day or provide assistance to the needy, spending no less than the amount they spend on food per day.

The most important night of the year

In the holy month of Ramadan, there is the night of Laylat al-Qadr or the Night of Power and Predestination - the most important night of the year for every Muslim. That night, the Archangel Jebrail came down to the praying Prophet Muhammad and gave him the Koran.

According to the sources, Lailat al-Qadr is the night when angels descend to earth, and the prayer pronounced on this night has much more power than all the prayers in the year.

In the Qur'an of this Night, a whole surah "Inna Anzalnagu" is dedicated, which says that the Night of Power is better than a thousand months in which it is not.

This is the night when the fate of each person is predetermined in heaven, his life path, difficulties and trials that lie ahead, and if you spend this night in prayers, in comprehending your deeds and possible mistakes then Allah will forgive him his sins and be merciful.

Feast of Conversation

On the last day of Ramadan, after sunset, one of the great holidays begins - Eid al Fitr. At this time, Muslims should indulge in reflections on spiritual values ​​and rethinking life during the period of fasting.

This day is considered a holiday of salvation from hell, as well as a day of reconciliation, love and friendly handshakes. On this day, it is customary to visit the disadvantaged and take care of the elderly.

The holiday begins with the onset of the time for the evening prayer. At this time, it is advisable for all Muslims to read takbir (the formula for the exaltation of Allah). Takbir is read before the festive prayer is performed on the day of the holiday. It is advisable to spend the night on the holiday in vigil, in the all-night service to Allah.

On the day of the holiday, it is advisable to wear clean clothes, put on your finger silver ring, perfume yourself with incense and, after eating a little, go to the mosque early to perform the festive prayer.

On this day, they pay the obligatory zakat al-fitr or "alms for breaking the fast", show joy, congratulate each other and wish the Almighty to fast, visit relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, friends, receive guests.

Uraza-Bairam is closely intertwined with the ideas of spiritual development and good deeds. During the celebration, it is customary to do good deeds, take care of relatives, and show compassion for those in need.

The material was prepared on the basis of open sources.

There is a holy month in the Muslim faith called Ramadan (which can also be called the month of Ramadan) - a time when you need to adhere to strict fasts and follow certain prohibitions. According to the Qur'an, Ramadan is one of the five pillars that hold Islam and faith in Allah. Muslims live according to the Islamic calendar, which is much shorter than the Gregorian one.

The start and end dates of Ramadan are determined depending on the shift. Ramadan corresponds to the ninth lunar month. The Muslim holy month does not have exact dates and each year its beginning moves by about 10 days. Muslim Ramadan in 2017 will begin closer to summer and will last for almost a month. True Muslims will be able to fully give glory to Allah and show their humility from May 27 to June 25.

Origin

The history of the appearance of the holiday is beautiful and mysterious. It says that on the holy day, the prophet Muhammad was revealed "frank words" indicating the mission of the prophet. At the same time, Allah granted the Muslims the Koran.

Tradition tells us that on the day of the beginning of Ramadan, Allah fulfills all the requests of the believers. On the first day of the holy month, the Islamic God is open to determine the fate of people in the most prosperous way.

The term "Ramadan" was first mentioned in 610. Literally Ramadan means "sultry", "hot". This is a mandatory fast, which strictly prohibits smoking, drinking (water and, moreover, alcohol) and even eating during the daytime. It is especially difficult to comply with the ban on water in hot countries, when the daytime air temperature can rise to 50 degrees.

Muslims call the fast "mubarak", which translates as "blessed". It has long been believed that the value of any good deed performed during the sacred month increases by a couple of hundred times. For example, a small pilgrimage (Muslims call it "umrah") is equated in value with a visit to Mecca (or, in Muslim, Hajj). Voluntary prayer during this time is also rewarded as obligatory prayer.

The Ramadan holiday received its special status as early as 622. Since then, every year all devout Muslims have been fasting in Ramadan, observing every covenant and rule. Every day they have to recite niyat - a special intention that sounds like this: "I am going to fast Ramadan in the name of Allah." Even at night, collective prayers can be held.

Strict fasting in Ramadan

The fast that accompanies Ramadan is called Uraza. Devout Muslims strictly follow the rules and prohibitions of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. If we compare the post of Uraz among Muslims and Great post among Christians, the former seems practically impracticable. However, this is a delusion, since Muslims happily and completely willingly refuse human goods and pleasures - they do not consider the limitation in such things to be something supernatural.

Almost everyone adheres to strict rules and tough prohibitions, as they help believers learn tolerance and learn to understand the strength of their bodies.

The dominant foundations of the post of Uraz:

• Complete refusal of food and water during the day. The first meal must be taken before the first rays of the sun, and the last one - after sunset. The first and second (last) meals are called suhoor and iftar, respectively. Sukhur must be completed half an hour before dawn, and iftar begins immediately after the evening prayer. The Qur'an says that the best food for iftar is water and dates. Suhoor and Iftar can also be skipped. This is not a violation of the strict Uraz. However, adherence to suhoor and iftar is encouraged by spiritual rewards.
• Strict refusal to have sex. This also applies to Muslim spouses. In addition to intimacy petting and other activities that favor arousal are also prohibited.
• By fasting, smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, and drug use are prohibited. It is important that during the Uraz faithful Muslims cleanse their body and soul, therefore, the smell of cigarette smoke, narcotic and alcoholic poison should not penetrate into the body of a true believer.
• It is absolutely forbidden to lie and use foul language. In particular, it is forbidden to deceive someone and mention Allah while doing so.
• You cannot chew gum during the fasting period, induce vomiting by physical means, and put cleansing enemas. In other words, all actions that cleanse the body in an unnatural way are prohibited.
• It is also forbidden not to pronounce niyat.

Fasting is not broken:

• donating blood;
• injections;
• swallowing saliva;
• kisses;
• teeth cleaning;
• vomiting (involuntary);
• not performing prayers.

Who can avoid fasting:

• children;
• pregnant or lactating women;
• sick people;
• aged people;
• travelers.

End of Ramadan

During Ramadan, it is customary to completely limit oneself in pleasures and entertainment. In the daytime, Muslims are supposed to work, pray, and read the Koran. Doing good deeds is an unshakable tradition of the holiday.

The last ten days of Ramadan are much more important than the rest, since at this time a revelation from Allah descended on the Prophet Muhammad. Although exact date This event is unknown, Muslims celebrate its anniversary at night from the 26th to the 27th day of the holy month. Muslims call this holiday Laylatul-Kadr, which literally translates as “the night of predestination”. During this blessed time, believers persistently pray, repent of their sins and reflect on their own mistakes.

On the last day of Ramadan, the followers of Islam give alms to mandatory perform Eid namaz (solemn prayer). Here and there the words of greeting “Eid Mubarak!” Are heard, which means “Blessed holiday!”. The fast of Ramadan ends on the holiday of Eid al-Adha, which is one of the most important Islamic holidays.

The Muslims are ending the holy month of Ramadan, during which they kept a strict fast, when during the day they were not allowed to eat or drink anything.

The end of Ramadan is a significant event in Islam, which is called the Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Bayram. The followers of Islam believe that it was on this day that the first verses of the Koran were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Together with this, the holiday is associated a large number of traditions.

In 2017, the celebration of Eid al-Adha will begin on June 25 in most Russian regions. Accordingly, the last day of Ramadan and the eve of Eid al-Adha will be June 24. (In Chechnya, Dagestan and Adygea, as well as in many Muslim countries, the holiday will begin a day later - on June 26).

In Russian republics with a Muslim population, Eid al-Fitr is a day off, In some republics of the Russian Federation, where Muslims are the majority, as well as in most Muslim countries, holidays are three days - this is how long Eid al-Fitr lasts.

On the eve of Eid al-Adha, on the last evening of Ramadan, the followers of Islam gather for a common prayer, followed by a festive meal. Early the next morning, when the holiday itself begins, the believers, after bathing and putting on their best clothes, go to the mosque for common prayer.

History and traditions of Eid al-Adha

The tradition of celebrating the end of strict fasting dates back to ancient times, from the hours of Muhammad, from about 624.

On this festive day, it is customary to wear the newest and best clothes, and then go to the Eid-namaz prayer. On this holiday, believers say the phrase: "Eid Mubarak!" These words are translated as "blessed holiday!"

After the ritual holiday prayer, it is customary to set lush tables that are simply bursting with various delicacies and traditional dishes... Muslims usually begin their conversation with fruits or dairy products; sweets, pilaf, dates and dried apricots are often present on the table.

On this day, it is customary to invite guests, relatives and neighbors to your home, to have fun and rejoice. Also, Muslims give each other gifts, so children love Eid al-Adha.

In multinational Russia, Eid al-Adha is officially a day off in many republics, for example, Bashkortostan, Dagestan, Tatarstan and the Chechen Republic, as well as in other republics of the state.

In the capital of Russia, services are held in the Cathedral Mosque, where the Supreme Mufti addresses the believers. Thousands of Muslims come to the Cathedral Mosque in Moscow on this holiday for the morning service, who pray together and bring donations.

Congratulations on Eid al-Adha in verse

***
On a glorious, clean, bright holiday
Congratulations from the bottom of my heart.
In Uraz Bayram, let there be
Your thoughts are pure.

And let it be peaceful in the house
In happiness, loved ones live.
In faith strong and deep
They will find inspiration.

***
The sacred fast is over,
Meet Urazu-Bayram
"Eid Mubrak!" to all friends
Wish you heartily.

To namaz with sunrise
The whole family go to the mosque,
And, honoring the memory of the departed,
Sadakat al-fitr pay.

On Uraz Bayram I wish -
Let the table be rich
Treats to taste
For everyone to find there.

May Allah bless you
Your house and family will be
Peace, joy and happiness
I wish everyone a holiday.

***
Following Ramadan, he comes to us -
The holiday is bright, joyful - Eid al-Adha!
Gather close and familiar to your home,
Break the fast with them at the festive table.

Congratulations on the holiday, Allah protects you,
He will always help, strengthen in faith!
May there be happiness and peace in the family,
And I wish you good luck in everything!

***
You kept a report before Allah for a month,
You tested your soul for your purity,
Allah will bestow mercy on you for all your deeds,
And he will reward you with happiness for many days in advance.

We congratulate you Uraza Bairam on the holiday!
We wish you joy and strong faith!
Caucasian health, patience, good luck,
And it became so that the soul is richer.

Continue to strive for goodness and piety,
Share your care with everyone who is in need.
May everyone receive congratulations today -
A sign of mercy, love and respect!

***
The mosques will be filled with prayer,
Both adults and children will enter here,
It's over, Ramadan is leaving
Eid al-Adha is being replaced.
Saint Shaval will appear for three days,

And the main day brings the calendar
A wonderful occasion will ask for a visit,
And sincerely have fun with friends.
Do not forget to mention the departed,
And then continue on the path with prayer.

A revered event, one of the five pillars of Islam, a holiday of faith and purification of a person - all this was accommodated in the greatest period of time for devout Muslims, the month of Ramadan (Arabic), or Ramadan (Turkish). Its annual date is changeable, since it depends on the Muslim calendar (lunar) and falls on the ninth month. In 2019 this event will start on 5 May and will continue until 3 june, because, as you know, holy ramadan lasts 29-30 days.

About a billion people - this is how many Muslims from all over the world begin the practice of spiritual and physical cleansing during this period. This is done by observing strict fasting, reading prayers, and doing good deeds. It is at this time that a Muslim can express humility and love for Allah, because limiting oneself in physical pleasures on the hottest and most exhausting days can only testify to the power of faith. However, according to Islam, no restrictions on food can cleanse a person from sinfulness if he keeps evil, lies and bad thoughts in his soul. Therefore, Muslim believers in this month are especially responsible for the reading of the Koran, the practice of obligatory and voluntary donations in favor of those in need, and the commission of selfless acts.

In terms of the scale and prevalence of Ramadan among the world's population, it can only be compared with Great Lent in the Christian faith. Its observance allows believers to rethink their life path, to rank their values ​​and priorities, to achieve more high level spiritual development. As practice shows, those who observe all the prescriptions of fasting for the first time may experience difficulties, but overcoming these difficulties is precisely the whole point of developing one's spiritual fortitude and faith. In addition, cleansing the body is often accompanied by its recovery.

From the history of the holiday

The traditions of Islam say that the beginning of the observance of the holiday is the transmission of the very first divine revelations to the Prophet Muhammad in 610. This was done by the angel Jibril (Archangel Gabriel in the Bible) while the prophet was under Mecca in the cave of Hira, where he often retired for religious practices. These revelations later formed the basis for the creation of the holy book of Muslims - the Koran. She, sent down to people in the month of Ramadan, was supposed to serve as a guide on what a godly life path of a person should be, how to distinguish between good and evil, how to honor the five basic foundations of Islam - the absence of another God besides Allah, the need for five times prayer, zakat (alms to the poor ), Hajj to Mecca (pilgrimage), and also indicated the obligatory observance of the sacred fast.

This prescription had its own conditions: only a Muslim is obliged to fast (a non-Muslim may not do this) and taklif, or whether a person has the basic requirements for fasting - adulthood and puberty, as well as a clear mind (absence of mental illness) and other reasons that prevent observance of the fast. These include:

• Old age and diseases, the disappearance of which cannot be expected in the near future;
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding of the child, the presence of menstruation or postpartum cleansing;
• Travel for those who are more than 90 kilometers from home.

After the expiration of the reasons that interfere with fasting, a person must make up for it, and during the fast itself, feed and give to the needy, the poor. Those who may not observe fasting are prohibited from demonstratively committing prohibited actions in front of others.

Ramadan traditions

The beginning of the fast comes with the dawn of the designated day, and the end, respectively, with sunset last day month of Ramadan. An obligatory part of the beginning of the fast for Muslims is the recitation of niyata - intention, that is, voicing the readiness of a person to undergo purification during the Holy Month. The intention is pronounced with a soul on any to a famous person language in the period between night and morning obligatory prayer, namaz.

It is customary to finish eating food during fasting half an hour before dawn, and to break the fast with the help of water and milk on a specially designated day for this. Thus, it is forbidden to consume food and water during the daytime during Ramadan.

There is also such a thing as debt, that is, a certain religious "debt" of a person to the Almighty, if for some reason he cannot follow the fast. Replenishment of the period of fasting, payment to the poor (zakat) is the redemption of this debt.

Doing good deeds is the main occupation and at the same time a requirement for a devout Muslim who is fasting. According to Islamic traditions, such actions are 700 times more significant during Ramadan than on other days, and they are also much easier to perform, because the action of the shaitan decreases. Prayers, alms, forgiveness and other good deeds are part of the spiritual cleansing of a person in the month of Ramadan.

In addition to the obligatory evening and morning prayers, Muslims also have a voluntary prayer - taraweeh, which in Arabic means "rest", "break". It is held until dawn after night prayer, individually or in a group, and in between its parts, believers rest, glorifying the Almighty at this time.

The most stringent are the last 10 days of the month of Ramadan. At this time, the most worship is held, solitude in mosques is encouraged, following the example of Muhammad, as well as the uttering of intention before and after entering the mosque. These actions convey one of the most significant dates in the fast - the Night of Power, or the Night of al-Qadr, which falls on the 27th night. Holy Lent... At this time, it is customary to pray a lot, ask for forgiveness from the Lord for the sins committed. In 2019, it falls on May 31.

Features of fasting

Observance of fasting implies restriction not only in food, but also in some habitual ways of behavior, which are aimed at delivering physical pleasure to a person. So, it is forbidden during Ramadan:

• accept food at any time on on their own, except for the night;
• smoking;
• starting a fast without a spoken intention;
• to have sexual intercourse (ejaculation, masturbation, which were caused by caresses, are also prohibited);
• penetration medicines rectal and vaginal use;
• swallowing sputum and deliberate vomiting (self-induced).

In addition to the fact that you can only eat in the dark, you need to limit yourself in products. Fats should be excluded, and light dairy products, fruits and vegetables should be the basis of the diet. The morning meal is called “suhur” (before dawn before prayer), and the evening meal is called “iftar” (after sunset and evening prayer). In order to make it easier to transfer the post, you need to know which actions are not prohibited:

• Bathing, kissing, brushing teeth, if foreign liquids have not entered the throat;
• Swallowing saliva and vomiting unintentionally;
• Administration of drugs by injection and blood donation;
• Loving touches that do not lead to ejaculation;
• Lack of prayers.

Greatest Muslim fasting Ramadan ends with the holiday of breaking the fast - Uraza Bayram, which will take place on June 4 in 2019. Already on this day, believers should not fast, because it is customary to rethink the spiritual and physical experience acquired during fasting, to learn to value daily food, to thank the Lord for the benefits that a person has. Uraza Bayram is a holiday of sharing a meal with a neighbor, which is why believers visit relatives, bring alms to the poor, and also commemorate the dead.

The holy month of Ramadan is a great opportunity for a believing Muslim to come closer to God, express his obedience to Him, and also cleanse his soul from accumulated sins.

It is common knowledge among Muslims that Fasting in the month of Ramadan is a great observance and obligation of believers. Allah Almighty gave this month a special honor. And the definition of the beginning of the month of Ramadan is one of the important religious rituals, which must be given due attention.

The beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar is determined solely by observing the new moon, therefore, it is impossible to know in advance the coming of the month, and the calculations are used only roughly for preliminary preparation... The lunar month has 29 or 30 days.

The method of determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan was taught by the Prophet Muhammad himself, peace be upon him, which is still used by Muslims all over the world to this day.

Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, said:

«صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا عِدَّةَ شَعْبَانَ ثَلاثِينَ يَوْماً»

رَوَاهُ البُخَارِي وَمُسْلِم وَغَيْرُهُمَا

This means: "Observe Fasting when you see the young month (Ramadan), and if you could not see it, then calculate the end of the month of Sharabiyban on the 30th day, and stop it (Fasting) when you see the young month Shau'ual."

You can find out whether a new month has begun in the evening after sunset on the 29th of the current month by observing the new moon: if a new moon appears in the sky, this means that a new calendar month has come, and if it has not appeared, then the next day will be the 30th day of the current month. And, since there is no 31st day in the lunar calendar, respectively, the 30th will necessarily be the last day of the month. In all lunar calendars, compiled for a whole year, the dates of the beginning of months and Muslim holidays are approximate. It would not be correct to rely solely on calendars.

From the time of the Prophet, peace be upon Him, and to this day, Muslims follow this rule, passing on knowledge to each other. Everyone who has lived in Muslim countries and has seen the traditions and customs of Muslims knows how to correctly determine the beginning and end of the month. For example, the way Muslims gather in open places where it is more convenient to carry out night observation. After the Muslims see the new moon, they shoot cannons or make a big fire on the top of the mountain, thereby announcing the beginning of the blessed month of Ramadan or the onset of the holiday of breaking the fast.

These wonderful customs have deep roots, which go back to the times when the companions of the Prophet Muhammad lived, peace be upon Him, who spread knowledge throughout the earth.

Moreover, the scholars of the four mazhabs spoke about this, who confirmed that the determination of the first day of the month of Ramadan is made by observing the new moon after sunset on the 29th of the month of Sharaban. And they are not taken as a basis, and are not the basis for this, the calculations of astronomers and stargazers.

Imam al-Nawawiy said in his book Al-Majmoo ‘:

وَمَنْ قَالَ بِحِسَابِ الْمَنَازِلِ فَقَوْلُهُ مَرْدُودٌ بِقَوْلِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ

This means: “The one who relies on the calculation in determining the position of the moon, then his calculations are rejected and not taken into account . Since the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, said:

إنَّا أُمَّةٌ أُمِّيَّةٌ لاَ نَحْسِبُ وَلاَ نَكْتُبُ، الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا، صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْفَأَكْمِلُوا عِدَّةَ شَعْبَانَ ثَلاثِين يَوْماً

This means: “We are such a people who do not live according to calculations and calculations, assumptions and guesses. We do not record or count. A month can be both this (that is, 29 days), and this (that is, 30 days). Start fasting by seeing the new moon (Ramadan) and end fasting by seeing the new moon (Shauwal). And if the sky was closed, then add the 30th day to the month of Sha'''man. ”

This Hadith was narrated by Imams Al-Bukhariy, Muslim and others.

Anyone who has seen the young month of Ramadan must observe Fasting. The one who did not see it himself, but learned about it from a reliable Muslim, is obliged to observe the Fast of Ramadan. Abu Dawud said that the son of 'Umar (II Khalifa), may Allah bless them, informed the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, that he saw the young month of Ramadan, after which the Prophet himself observed the Fast and ordered other believers to observe it.

If the beginning of Lent is confirmed in any locality, then all residents of this locality, as well as those adjacent to it, located in the same time zone, must observe it (i.e. the sun rises and sets in their territories at the same time) , according to the madhhab of Imam Ash-Shafi'iy. According to the mazhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, all believers who are anywhere in the world who have learned about the beginning of the month of Ramadan, regardless of distance, must observe the Fast. According to this opinion, residents of the East are obliged to observe the Fast of Ramadan, even if they were told about its beginning by residents of the West, and vice versa.

Allah has prescribed for us the observance of His Laws handed down to the last Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, after which there will be no new law of God until the Day of Judgment. And these Laws are suitable for all ages, times and eras, they do not become obsolete until the very End of the World. And with the help of Allah, we will steadfastly observe the teachings of the last Prophet, peace be upon Him. Therefore, we remind you that it is unacceptable to distort the Shari'at and make any changes to it, and the one who does this under the pretext of civilization and technological progress, as if saying that there is a flaw in the Laws of God and he came to correct it, or as if someone after the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon Him, receives the Revelation, which in both cases is absurd and fundamentally contradicts the teachings of Islam.
True followers of the Prophet, peace be upon Him, know, believe and acknowledge that He is truthful in everything that He erect and that He handed down from Allah, and do not ignore what He taught. At the same time, we must know that Islam is not against all-round development and scientific progress, but only prohibits distortions of the Shari'at.

Therefore, according to the above, whether a new month has begun, you can find out in the evening after sunset on the 29th of the current month, observing the new moon. On the website of the Central Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Crimea - Tauride Muftiate, Muslims found that the 1st day of the month Shaban (the month preceding the month of Ramadan) corresponds to April 28, 2017, respectively The 29th of the month of Shaban corresponds to the 26th of May 2017, the observation of the new moon of the month of Ramadan will be. If Muslims through observation in the evening see a young month, it means 1 day of the month of Ramadan 2017 - May 27, 2017, and if they do not see, then 1 day of the month of Ramadan 2017 - May 28, 2017.

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Evidence for the Existence of God

Praise be to Allah, who made us intelligent. Theologians of Islam said that reason is a tool that helps to distinguish useful from harmful, giving us the ability to recognize good and evil, and undoubtedly, all this is based on the knowledge obtained in accordance with the Sharia. After all, relying on the knowledge of Sharia, we can judge what is good for us and what is harm. Verily Allah in the name of God in Arabic "Allah", pronounce the letter "x" as ه Arabic The Almighty has commanded us to use the granted intelligence, so we should not neglect this benefit, but we should use it to our advantage.

Observing the world around him, reflecting on how it appeared and how it is arranged, a person is able to come to the realization that:

- undoubtedly, there is a Creator who created this whole world,

- and the Creator of this world is not like His creation.

We are convinced without a doubt that the existence of the Universe is proof of the existence of its Creator. After all, our mind does not perceive the existence of an action without an acting one, just as it cannot be written without a writer or a structure without a builder. Moreover, our mind cannot recognize the existence of this whole world without its Creator.

One has only to look around, and numerous creations of our Lord appear before our eyes. All surrounding objects, air, sun, sky, clouds, the vast space of the Universe, as well as our actions, thoughts, feelings, and even time itself - all these are the creations of Allah. There is great benefit to reflecting on how amazing the world... How delightful is the change of day and night, how the moon moves, how beautiful the firmament and the stars are, how the sun rises at sunrise, sets at sunset, how the winds rage ... And despite the fact that we admire the structure of this universe, the harmony of alternating events, the beauty of nature and by the multitude of benefits that we can receive, we in no way attribute Divinity to any or any of these creatures.

Some people mistakenly attribute Divinity to nature and falsely claim that nature has created something, endowing with being after non-being. In fact, nature has no will, no choice, no knowledge, respectively, it cannot create and determine for every existing the possibility of its being or non-being. In the Russian language, as you know, the word "nature" has two most commonly used meanings. One of them is “the world around us”, the other is “the qualities inherent in objects”.

For example, the nature of fire is burning, blazing, heat, light, etc. The nature of water is fluidity, a liquid state. The nature of ice is cold, hardness, fragility. And it is obvious that the qualities of this or that body do not exist until the appearance of the body itself, to which this quality is inherent. For example, cold and fragility of ice exist from the moment ice appears, and without ice there is no fragility and other qualities inherent in it. Nature exists from the moment when that which is inherent in it appears. The nature of fire exists from the moment fire appears, just as the nature of water exists from the moment water itself appears. The Creator for what has appeared cannot be something that once did not exist at all!

If we talk about nature as about the environment around us, then we should understand that it also has its own qualities, and is a part of this world. And part of this world is not capable of being a creator for the whole world. Obviously, nature is not the Creator of the universe.

Likewise, common sense rejects the false belief that this world supposedly created itself. After all, it is absurd for something to be both a creator and created at the same time. Those. based on this false judgment, the universe must have already existed in order to give existence to something, but at the same time not exist in order to be created and appeared, and this is contrary to common sense.

Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon Him, said meaning: "Allah was Forever, and there was nothing but Him",

those. there was no light, darkness, water, air, earth, heaven, Al-Kursiyya, Al-'Arsha, people, jinn, Angels, time, place, there was no up, down and other directions ... There was absolutely nothing created, but Allah was eternal without beginning. And if He had not been Eternal without beginning, He would have been created, and created cannot be God. Allah existed forever before the creation of the universe and there was no such concept in relation to Him "in the universe" or "outside the universe." Indeed, Allah is the Creator of an image, place, directions, and He has no image, no location, or direction.

Prophet Muhammad in the name of the Prophet "Muhammad" the letter "x" is pronounced like ح in Arabic, peace and blessings be upon Him, said meaning: "The Lord cannot be grasped by the mind." And also Ibn ‘Abbas, a cousin of the Prophet, said meaning:" Meditate on the creatures of Allah and refrain from meditating on His Essence. " That is, knowledge of Allah is not achieved through imaginations, representations and illusions. While careful observation and thoughtful study of the created ones allows one to learn about the Power and Greatness of their Creator, to conclude that the Creator is above all created qualities and does not resemble His creatures.

In order to know about Allah and believe in Him, one should not try to imagine Him, because the imaginary needs the One Who created this image and appearance for it. Allah is the Creator of everything, and He is not imaginable with the mind. Thoughts, images, reflections are all created. All images and imaginations that arise in a person's heart, whether he saw them or not, are created.

It is impossible to achieve in the imagination Someone who is not inherent in the image, appearance or appearance. As the Imam said, ‘Ali means:" He who created the image does not have it Himself. " And also it is said in the Quran that means: "God cannot be reached in illusions." We need to follow Sharia, not illusions, since Sharia confirms that Allah is not imagined, because He is not created and does not have an image.

And also said in the Qur'an this word must be read in Arabic as - الْقُـرْآن meaning: "There is nothing like Him." And the great scientist known as Zun-Nun Al-Misriy said meaning: "Whatever you imagine, Allah is not like that." In other words, Allah is unlike anything we can imagine. Because everything we imagine is created. We, created and once non-existent, need to acknowledge our weakness in the fact that it is impossible to comprehend with the imagination the Essence of the One who is not created and does not have the beginning of His existence. And in following this path for a person there is salvation from falling into mistakes, in which those who left the mind and blindly followed the imagination "drowned".

Allah commanded us to meditate on His creations so that we know that the Creator is not like them. Also, thinking about the created is necessary due to the fact that it strengthens faith in the existence of Allah, His Omnipotence and Omnipotence. Allah has given us great blessings in this world. Indeed, Allah is the Almighty Creator of everything, and there are no boundaries to His Almighty. Indeed, Allah is not a body (not an object) and not a quality of bodies, He has no boundaries. No one can oppose Him, and there is no equal or similar to Him.

V last years the controversy did not subside which is better: books in paper or in electronic format? The book doesn't run out of battery!

The main advantage of e-books is that they do not underestimate the space on sticks, they are convenient to carry with you, even if it is a whole library, and information in electronic form is easy to share with friends. These are certainly big advantages, but you shouldn't give up paper books either.

Initially, e-books caused a real boom, but in recent years there has been a persistent global trend: sales of books on electronic media are declining, while sales of paper editions are growing.

With all obvious benefits electronic gadgets paper books win the most important parameters- material on paper is remembered and enhanced better than read from the screen electronic gadget... Numerous studies show that in order to assimilate information from a paper medium, a person re-reads the text much fewer times, and it is stored in memory much longer. In addition, it helps to reproduce information that often people remember not only the text itself, but also its location on a paper page, they remember where it was written - at the beginning of a book or at the end, which is almost impossible when reading e-books.

“When memorizing a text, a person develops a mental map of the work. To find out on which shelf we have the information we need, our memory uses a series of prompts. For example, you need to remember the place and circumstances where this information was obtained. Tactile sensations from contact with a book, page texture, cover and design serve as such identifying clues. In addition, the ability to flip through paper pages will give us an important sense of the volume of the work - we can mentally travel through the pages. All this adds up to the unique architecture of the read book and is kept in our memory for a long time. The electronic book is devoid of identification marks. And this facelessness leads to the fact that it is stored in memory in a chaotic, disordered manner. "

Paradoxically, it was the advent of e-books that helped to realize the importance and value of the traditional paper book. And also became even more obvious the importance of book design, cover and page design, texture and color of paper, book format, drawings - all this is not a new "excess", but is directly related to the perception and memorization of information.

“I can't read more than two books in a row from an electronic medium - the reading process starts to seem monotonous and physically annoying. If there is an opportunity to read a “live” book, I will choose this option with great pleasure and preference ”.

A paper book gives a sense of reality, while an e-book is perceived as ephemeral, virtual, "unreal", it is intangible and leaves a feeling of incompleteness, dissatisfaction.

In electronic form, it is advisable to read what does not need to be memorized - news, as well as electronic directories, which are convenient to always have at hand. But if it comes about educational, fiction, children's literature or books that are important to you, then the best option the paper version remains.

“My reading, most often, takes place in transport, so the desire to save space in the bag and the weight of this“ library ”did their job in favor of the reader ... but after reading several books, there was a residue that I missed something important, that- I didn’t notice, I didn’t hear ... I don’t feel that I’ve got acquainted with the book, but it’s a pity. ”

“It turned out that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system(it stimulates the activity of the heart) is much more pronounced when reading a paper book. EBook stimulates the body almost twice as weak. This means that the text on paper is perceived much brighter and to a greater extent makes you empathize with the characters and the events told. By the way, this is why you should not expect that the use of readers will instill a love of reading. Stories read from electronic media are much more difficult to grab our attention. "

Some interesting observations in favor of paper books:

# The medium affects the speed of information perception. Volunteers were invited to read short story on different media: paper and electronic. Those who got the paper book read the work faster.

# Educational literature is still popular in paper form. Even young people here prefer the classic paper edition. Studies have shown that schoolchildren are much more efficient when reading paper books than when using gadgets.

# When reading books from electronic media, there may be known inconveniences: the screen glows ("glares"), different formats are not always displayed correctly, the device may turn off at the most inopportune moment, especially when traveling, when there is no way to recharge the battery.

# Reading books from paper media and electronic readers imitating a paper book has about the same effect on vision, which cannot be said about reading books from the screens of phones, tablets and computers, since in this case additional Negative influence glare, flickering, active objects, distortion of colors and objects render on the eyes.

# As you know, a book is the best gift. Moreover, a beautiful book is not only useful information but also home decoration.

# In a paper book, you can enter notes in the margins, by the way, this is a tradition of Muslim scholars, and there is even a kind of art of writing in the margins in Arabic.

# A paper book "lives" longer. The book can act as a family heirloom - it is carefully kept, re-read and passed on from generation to generation.

# And, finally, the pleasure of reading a paper book is incomparably greater than that of an electronic one. And also more satisfaction from knowing that I have read a thick book.

Facts about the benefits of reading:

• Reading is a habit successful people... It develops thinking, imagination, and involves those thought processes that do not arise in other activities. Researchers say that being well-read is also associated with financial well-being- in our time, the majority of wealthy people regularly read, gain knowledge and develop, while the rest of the population prefers watching TV to reading and different videos in the Internet.

Just before the End of the World, people will be mired in unbelief and sins. By that time, not a single Muslim will be left on earth.

Prophet Muhammad in the name of the Prophet "Muhammad" the letter "x" is pronounced like ح in Arabic said signifying:

“The End of the World will not come as long as there are those on earth who say:“ Allah, Allah in the name of God in Arabic "Allah", pronounce the letter "x" as ه Arabic!»

Explaining these words, the scientists said that the End of the World will not come as long as there are those on earth who mention Allah and worship Him. In another transmission of the hadith, instead of the words "Allah, Allah!", It is said: "La ilaha illallah no creator but God!».

Talking about the signs of the End of the World, the Prophet Muhammad listed them and said: “And then the worst of people will remain. And men will copulate with women [in the presence of other people] - like donkeys do. The End of the World will overtake them ”.

And also the Prophet said the meaning: "And there will remain [only] those in whom there is no good, and they will return to the religion of their ancestors [- paganism]."

‘Abdullah ibn’ Amr ibn Al-‘As said that the End of the World will not come until the worst of creatures remain [on earth] - they [even] worse than people[of the] Jahiliyah! Whatever they ask of the Creator, it does not come true.

In another hadith it is said meaning: “Then the worst of people will remain on earth, who will strive for evil as fast as a bird flies, and their morals will be like those of wild animals [- they will oppress and enmity with each other]. They do not recognize good and do not forbid evil. And the shaitan [in some form] will appear [to them] and say to them: "Will you obey me?" And they will say to him: "What will you order us?" And he orders them to worship idols. And they [will obey him] in this and will receive a rizk and a pleasant life, and then the Horn will trumpet and everyone who hears will [listening] stretch their necks and bow their heads. The first person to hear this sound will be the man who was repairing the reservoir from which the camels drink it with clay. This sound will amaze him and all other people to death. "

When the angel Israfil blows the horn, the hearts of people will burst from this piercing sound. Then both people and genies and animals will die. And also the angels will die some scholars said that the guardian angels of Paradise, hell and the angels who hold Arsh, as well as the houris, the servants of Paradise (uildan) and hellish snakes and scorpions will not die, and the last of them to die is the angel of death ‘Azrael.

The end of the world will come unexpectedly. At this moment, people will not suspect that the end of life in this world has come.

Imam al-Bukhariy narrated from Abu Huraira the hadith of the Prophet meaning:

“And the End of the World will come [so unexpectedly that] two (the seller and the buyer) will unfold the fabric and will not have time to complete the deal or fold the fabric. And the one who drank camel milk will not have time to drink it, and the person who smears the reservoir with clay will not have time to drink [his cattle] out of it, and the one who brought a piece of food to his mouth will not have time to eat it. ”

Said in Holy Quran this word must be read in Arabic as - الْقُـرْآن(sura 47 "Muh ammad", ayat 18) meaning:

“Do they really expect something other than the End of the World, which will overtake them suddenly ?! After all, his omens have already come true! But why should they be reminded of it when it already comes ?! "

Perhaps we or our children will witness great Signs of the End of the World. But whenever it comes, we must prepare with zeal for the Day of Judgment, because the end of our own life will come sooner.