If you want your ceiling to be environmentally friendly and snow-white, then you should pay attention to the easiest and cheapest way to finish the ceiling, which is whitewashed. This article will describe in detail the plains of the ceiling with your own hands, namely, how to properly prepare the solution, the surface and the entire room for whitening, which tools will be required for this and in what sequence do all work.

Required tools

• For the solution of the solution, you will need a mixer nozzle that will need to insert into a screwdriver, a drill or a building mixer.
• For blissing you need to choose a special natural paint brushwhose width should be 15-20 cm.
• Malyary roller and tray for him.
• Vacuum cleaner having a nozzle for whitening. For this purpose, it is best to use a vacuum cleaner that has a function of blowing air. In such a vacuum cleaner there is a special hole, which must be equipped with a polyethylene cap with tubes. This lid is a sprayer used for whitewashing. It must be put on a regular half-liter jar and with the help of the hose, connect the outlet of the vacuum cleaner. When the vacuum cleaner is turned on, the air will be inserted through the pressure hose to the sprayer, sucking through a special tube a diluted spray mixture from the can and then pull it out through the nozzle along with the air. On such a sprayer there should be another hole, opening and closing which, you can adjust the flow of a spam mixture.
• Glass jar. In the event that you have little volume of half-liter cans, you can use a liter bank to whitewash, but for it you will have to use a longer tube that will be lowered into the solution so that it takes to the bottom.
• Spray.

What can break the ceiling?

There are two options that are currently the most common:

1. whitening ceiling lime;
2. ceiling with chalk.

These two options are environmentally friendly and hygienic. But choosing one or another option, you need to consider than your ceiling was previously seen. In the event that it was bleached with lime, it is better not to use chalk blissSince otherwise divorce or blurry spots can be formed on the ceiling.

How to understand what did the ceiling blended before? First you need to wipe the surface with your hand: if you have traces on your hand, it is chalk, and if the hand remains clean, then lime. You can also spend on the surface with a wet finger: if the surface sticks to the finger, it means that the chalk, and if it does not remain on the finger and will darken, it means that it is lime.

• satisfies all sanitary and hygienic conditions, hygienic;
• it has a deep white;
• not allergen.

Lime:

• contraindicated in allergies;
• forms a smooth and smooth surface;
• able to tighten and secure small gaps;
• it has bactericidal properties.

In some cases, the plains of the ceiling can be carried out with the help of water-level paint, but it is still considered rather painting. Therefore, this article will not be considered this option.

Preparation of the room

In order to proceed to whiten the ceiling, you need to prepare the room. First you need to completely free the room from all the furniture. If the furniture does not work, you need to assemble it in the center of the room and close the sheets or cellophane concerning film. Close the floor and walls with a film that can be consolidated by the usual painting scotch. Close by concerning film all available decorative elements. Remove all cornices, lamps and chandeliers from the ceiling. Prepare for work the surface of the ceiling.

Preparation of the surface of the ceiling

The surface of the ceiling also needs to be prepared:

• you need to wash off the existing whitewash;
• if there is garbage on the surface of the ceiling, it must be removed;
• clean the surface from soot and soot, oil and fat spots, rust, water lines and yellow spots;
• if there is a fungus on the ceiling, then it must be removed using special means;
• remove from the surface of the peeling layer of plaster, putty and other finishing materials;
• if there is such a need, the surface is needed acrylic putty or plastering;
• all damage, such as detachments, potholes, scratches and cracks, must be sharpened;
• after complete drying, the surface must be seized emery paper;
• the surface is then required to be primed using deep penetration for this;
• leave the ceiling to dry for 24 hours.

To lime whitewash It did not leave the divorce and lay exactly, it must be applied on a pre-moisturized surface.

Preparation of chalk solution

For the preparation of chalk, you will need:

• five liters of warm water;
• about 60 grams of dry joinery glue to be dissolved in water;
• in the resulting solution, it is necessary to pour about three kilograms of sainted chalk;
• in order to enhance whiteness and avoid a yellow shade, you need to add a little blue (15-20 g).

The resulting solution should be enough for a whitewash 10-12 square meters Ceiling.

To check the poverty of the solution, the blade of the knife should be lowered into it. In the event that the whitewashing will be flimsy, barring the blade, then the solution turned out to be too water. In this case, you need to add a little chalk.

Preparation of lime solutions

Lime cookeco is prepared as follows:

• in one liter of water you need to stir 2-3 kilograms of hazed lime;
• then, it is necessary to add a predetermined table salt to the solution (approximately 50-100 g);
• you still need aluminum alums (150-200 g);
• and the required dye (400-500 g);
• the resulting solution should be mixed very thoroughly and adding about 9 liters of warm water into it.

If the lime solution is incorrectly prepared, then defects may form on the surface, to remove that can be removed only with the complete alteration of all operation.

Preparation of instruments

Before starting work, you need to check all the nozzles of the sprayer and the tube. If necessary, you can rinse them. If the solution is applied with a brush, then it must be soaked in advance in warm water.

How to make the ceiling with your own hands?

There are three ways with which you can learn:

• vacuum cleaner or sprayer;
• roller;
• brush.

Pooks of the ceiling brush

• first you need to stir well;
• next you need to paint the brush with a small strip around the perimeter of the ceiling. This should be done slowly and very carefully so that the surface of the conjugated walls is not blocked;
• along the windows of smooth movements, it is necessary to apply the first layer of blots so that there are no surplus on the surface;
• after this surface, you need to dry;
• then you can apply a second layer of whitewash, which should be applied perpendicular to the window so that the strokes from the brush can be seen after drying.

In order to be good to whitewash the ceiling with a brush, certain skills are needed, so if you do not have such experience, it is better to use the Ceiling Ceiling to whitewash. The sequence of actions in this case will be as follows:

• first you need to carefully stir the solution;
• then it is necessary to paint a brush with a small strip throughout the perimeter of the ceiling;
• in the tray you need to pour a bit of solution;
• next, it is necessary using a roller to apply the first layer of blots on the ceiling, making it smoothly so that the solution is carefully rolled over the surface;
• after this surface, you need to give well;
• the second layer of the blots should be applied perpendicular to the window.

If we breed the surface of the ceiling with roller, then it will acquire a pleasant matte.

Ceiling with a spray or vacuum cleaner

Being with a conventional vacuum cleaner or sprayer is the most simple way. If you fulfill all the work correctly, then in the end you will have a very high quality surface.

The plains of the ceiling with their own hands using a sprayer or vacuum cleaner in the following sequence:

• first of all, it is necessary to thoroughly stir the solution;
• next, you need to fill in a solution of a predetermined bank;
• the jar must closely close the lid, in advance in water in water, which will provide a more dense fit;
• after that, in the hole of the cover you need to insert the vacuum cleaner hose and turn on the vacuum cleaner;
• the solution in the bank must be thoroughly shaken;
• then close the air valve with a finger or click on the sprayer lever;
• when applying the solution to the surface of the ceiling, you need to ensure that drops are not formed on it. Spraying the solution is necessary for smooth circular motions, holding the nozzle of the sprayer from the ceiling surface at a distance of about 70-100 cm.

To get the desired result, you will need to apply 3-4 layers of bliss. When the sprayer or vacuum cleaner, a thicker layer is formed, which allows you to hide all the available minor defects.

Precautions

When preparing a solution and conducting work, certain precautions must be observed:

• on the body you need to wear a bathrobe;
• to wear a hat or tie a slam on the head;
• on the eyes you need to wear safety glasses;
• in the hands it is necessary to wear rubber gloves;
• the mouth and nose should be protected by a wet bandage, thanks to which there will not be small particles of chalk and lime.

The advantages of plays with lime or chalk

1. after complete drying on the ceiling, a reliable film is formed, which will be resistant to abrasion;
2. the ceiling will have disinfectant properties;
3. such whitewings has small pores, thanks to which it will absorb water pairs and breathe.

If the crying solution is cooked correctly, and the work is made without a violation of technology, the ceiling spoiled in this way will have a wonderful view for 4-5 years.

Price on Painting Ceiling Crusto

I decided to bring the cost of plain ceiling by professionals as a comparison, perhaps someone will decide not to make this type of work with your own hands, but to confes the builders.

Ceiling with lime or chalk - from 0.7 $ / m.kv.
Packers of the ceiling with water-level paint - from 1.2 $ / m.kv.
Removal old bliss - from $ 1.5 / m.kv.

* - Prices are taking into account the materials and depend on the scope of work and the region.

/ Labor Automation - Teaches with a vacuum cleaner or collapse?

Labor Automation - Teaches with a vacuum cleaner or collapse?

Whatever modern, the options for finishing the ceilings, many still use the old methods of bringing the ceiling surface to the proper look. Under such methods, as a rule, the whitening of ceiling using chalk or lime blots is understood.

But the process is quite difficult and vigorous. To make it easier for work, many use mechanized staining methods, applying the most ordinary vacuum cleaners or special sprayers for these purposes.

What is kraskopult

The technique does not like to stand on the spot, as well as the creative process of inventors who have invented a fairly simple and inexpensive device, a significantly facilitating process of applying paints on the surface. This device, called the paintopult.

The paintopult is essentially a sprayer in which air under pressure is injected. Through the nozzle of the sprayer, the air leaves at high speed and strength, fascinating the paint particles, which settles on the stained surface.

Previously, for these purposes was often used regular vacuum cleaner. In the configuration of many of them, even special hose nozzles were allowed to use the unit itself, as a large pressure supercharger. The nozzle dressed on a jar in which a sprayed solution was located.

In the video below, you can see how the vacuum cleaner or the spray gun. This method did not lose the relevance and now, so if necessary, it is possible to easily collect something similar at home, making the paintopult with your own hands.

Since then, the paintopult has changed outwardly, but the principle of its work is unchanged. It can be like with the manual pumping of the desired pressure and with an electric motor providing superior pressure in system.

Use of vacuum cleaner

Not suitable every vacuum cleaner. This model is needed that has a blowing hole for air, where the hose is connected. In such a state, the vacuum cleaner becomes not suction dust by the unit, but a compressor.

The nozzle must be put on a jar with a solution. It is predeforeced to be strain, through a gauze, folded in three layers.

The better it will be done, the less you will have to clean the scoring nozzle. In addition, if it is possible to adjust the diameter of the nozzle, it will be possible to choose the smallest, which ensures the highest possible spraying of the composition.

Inside the bank, two tubes will be, one of which must be immersed in the sprayed composition. On the upper part of it, you can detect another hole that serves so that the process of staining can be interrupted without turning off the vacuum cleaner. It will be useful if you need to move work from one piece of ceiling, to another.

In the cylindrical opening of the nozzle, the end of the hose, which goes to the blowing hole of the vacuum cleaner is inserted.

You can turn on the vacuum cleaner, and try the collected device in action.

Use manual sprayer

If the desired model of the vacuum cleaner was not at hand, and the special electric sprayer turned out to be expensive or just to buy it, you can use the mechanical model. The principle of operation will be the same, but, in the role of pumping the right pressure of the unit, the second person will speak.

Very often, the mechanical modifications of this device are completed with a long barbell on which the nozzle is installed. It is also called "rod".

Electrical model

Electric sprayer for plating the ceiling, can not only apply a smooth layer whipping, but also to adjust the intensity of spraying composition.

This is done by increasing or decreased pressure in the system. As well as the regulation of spray density by means of the nozzle. All these wisdom only seem complex. In fact, everything can be mastered within a few minutes.

The function is unconditionally useful, but many, not knowing how to adjust the sprayer to optimal pressure, the solution is applied unevenly. There are spots with a more thick layer and properly with thin.

To avoid similar errors, you need to practice a little on any free sector of the ceiling or rebuild material.

How does the deposit

A solution is applied, regardless of the device used, from a distance of 50 to 80 centimeters from the surface of the surface. The desired value depends on the power of the unit used, and on the quality of the solution.

Pokes sprayed from a cloud nozzle, which is called "torch". For optimal spraying of the composition, the "torch" must have a length of 70 to 100 centimeters. The pressure in the system must correspond 3 to 4 atmospheres.

If the whits turned out to be too liquid, then so that she sprayed and lay down the best way, It is necessary to reduce the pressure in the system. And on the contrary, if the solution is thick, the pressure must be increased.

Keep the sprayer must be strictly perpendicular to the treated surface. Choose the best distance from the plane to the spraying part of the device, you can experienced wayBut usually it is not more than 100 centimeters.

If you bring the sprayer too close, droplets will form on the surface, and if it is far away, a significant part of the blotch does not reach the surface and will be lost.

It is processed by the entire ceiling, smooth layer. You can combine the use of the brush, and the mechanized way of applying whitewash.

In this case, you should first use the brush, and then when the coating dry, apply the paintopult, for the ceiling surface with the finish layer.

Conclusion

You can act in the old manner ,. But, much faster, and most importantly - more qualitative, you can apply a solution using a mechanized sprayer.

There is no difference, what will be the selected model - electrical, mechanical, or even, the vacuum cleaner will be used. The main thing is simplicity and obtained quality, smooth surface Ceiling.

Most people rightly perceives the vacuum cleaner as an apparatus, indispensable in household. However, with the help of a vacuum cleaner, you can not only carry out general cleaning. If you bleach the vacuum cleaner and diligently, then the reward for work will be a ceiling, pleasing look.

Regardless of the modification and constructive features, each vacuum cleaner is equipped, except for the set of all kinds of nozzles, also with a polyethylene lid with tubes. This cover is a sprayer - the thing is very necessary when packed.

The size of the sprayer cover exactly in size corresponds to polyethylene covers that are designed to close standard glass cans. But there are differences. From one side of the lid there is a special cylindrical fool, which is accurate and tightly enters the cylindrical tip at one end of the hose of the vacuum cleaner. The other end of this hose is included in the nest located on the housing of the vacuum cleaner.

In the detachment, located on the spray lid, is a hole, the diameter of which is such that the air entering the vacuum cleaner through the hose is entered into glass jaron which the sprayer is worn under certain pressure.

You can remove the old blame in a dry way. To do this, make a metal scraper in the form of a box with a long tube serving a handle to which a bag for collecting chalk is put on. If chalk is badly lagging behind, it must be moistened weak mortar acetic acid.

Also in the sprayer there is a curved tube with a diameter of approximately 1-1.5 mm, one end of which, when equipping a sprayer on a jar with a liquid bladge, is immersed in it, and the other end of the tube leaves the exterior of the sprayer, bends at right angles and ends with a nozzle.

There is another hole on the sprayer, with which you can turn it on and off, which is very convenient, since it does not have to stop the blame process every time, turning off the vacuum cleaner.

It is only worth covering this second hole with your finger, as the air begins to begged into the jar with a whitewash and creates a certain pressure. When the finger is cleaned from the hole, the air injected with a vacuum cleaner into the jar starts coming out of it through the open hole: the pressure in the bank is not created, and the spraying process is stopped.

As a tank for liquid bliss, a half-liter bank is quite suitable.

Starting a pavement with a half-liter can, it is very soon to make sure that the tank is too small in volume. The jar will have to be filled again and again, as the whots sprayed too quickly.

However, for the cans of a larger volume, picking up the pipe is too short: the bank only empties, and the end of the tube will already hang in the air.

In order to be able to use a liter bank as a tank, the tube needs to be lengthened.

If the additional extension tube does not wear onto the spray tube, the end of the extension tube is slightly heated (it is better than a match, and not on gas), after which the tube will be easily positioned.

For elongation, a piece of solid polyvinyl chloride tube of the corresponding diameter is suitable, the so-called Cambrid, which is used to insulate the bare wires. Also as an extension can be used a piece of isolation from a stranded wire that joins the phone to the connector (socket).

Before starting work, the jar under the pulverizer is filled with a solution on 3/4 of its volume. The bank should close the lid with the rubber ring, which is recommended to moisten with water for a more dense adjustment to the edges of the jar.

During operation, constantly monitor the position of the pulverizer. It must be kept all the time at the same distance from the surface and move smooth circular movements. It is also necessary to ensure that the surfaces of the intellectual solution did not appear on the surface, as this leads to the formation of flops.

In order for the surface to be covered in the most qualitatively, the sprayer is kept in such a way that its nozzle is from the treated surface at a distance of 50-100 cm. If the whims turned out to be more liquid, then the spraying should be made from a larger distance.

For a more dense bliss, the distance from the sprayer to the ceiling is reduced. At the same time, the jet of whitewash is not straightforwardly, but spirally, which provides a more smooth coating.

Plotting the ceiling with a sprayer is made twice. The primary whirlwinds are produced in such a way that the nozzle covers the surface area is no more than a second. At the same time, the jar with a spray and whirl was constantly swaying from side to side or periodically shake it, because the chalk very quickly settles on the bottom and without blasting it will not be possible to apply a layer of whitewash uniformly.

Applying whitewashing with a vacuum cleaner is very similar to work with the paint. The difference is that the vacuum cleaner has a high spray rate, therefore the movement of a person conducting repairs should also be fast.

There are many ways independent repair Ceiling surface. You can install the ceiling design of plasterboard, or just it. It is also possible to install a beautiful stretch ceiling Even with a surround effect. All this is quite expensive finishes. If you do not want to spend a lot of time and money for such work, it makes sense to try to cope with the problem.

Poles the ceiling comes up to any type of dwelling, whether it vacation home, cottage or urban apartment. This is one of the simplest and cheapest ceiling overlap, which is characterized by environmental friendliness and safety. The choice of this method of repair will allow you to make any room lighter and tidy. Today you will learn how to bother the ceiling.

how to bother the ceiling

Despite the simplicity of the process, some of them are necessary for successful preparatory work. They consist in maximum alignment and smoothing the surface of the overlap. It is necessary to eliminate possible cracks and cracks. The further appearance of the ceiling and the final result depends on this. Removing the old whitewash is the most complex and time-consuming part of the work. First, all furniture and techniques are cleaned from the room, cumbersome objects are covered with rags or cellophane, and the floor is covered with cardboard or film. Prepare glasses and respirator. Dust will be much. It does not matter from which site you will start repair.

It is recommended to have a narrow, and wide spatula at the same time. After stripping the surface with their help, spots and divorces are removed. First, it is necessary to eliminate the remnants of the old whitewash. To do this, it is wetted with water and a weak soap solution. To accelerate the process, besides a soap solution to use special tool. Sandish or yellowish ceiling must be completely cleaned. This process Allows you to maximize the surface of the overlapping to carry out whitewash. If overhaul It is not needed, and you only need to refresh the ceiling, you need to eliminate defects and uneven areas.

Before paving the chalk, the dry mixture is sieved to remove hardened particles.

If you want to clean the ceiling without too much, it is recommended to use a spatula. Works are carried out until the ceiling surface is still wet. While the ceiling is not yet dry, you will better notice uneven segments and can significantly save time on cleaning, because then dust will be much smaller.

Repair of the ceiling involves neat and junctions that need to be aligned. Excess shtaochek composition is inspired by sandpaper. Then the surface is allowed to dry completely. After that, you can start paving the ceiling surface.

than to whiten the ceiling in the apartment

Most often, the ceiling is whitening with lime or chalk. To simplify the choice of material, listen to our advice. First of all, prepare a pelvis or bucket, glue, gauze, steplaying or scaffolding.

For whims, the ceiling lime will need 2-2.5 kg limestone. Its quantity depends on the size of the surface. This amount of composition is mixed with a liter of water. room temperature. About 120 grams of the precompliant salt solution and 150 grams of alum are added to the resulting mass. If you want to make a colored ceiling, you can add a special dye to this composition, which is sold in building stores.

It is not worthwhile to wet the whole ceiling immediately, because it will significantly complicate further work.

If you have chosen on the chalk, prepare the chalk solution. 20-30 grams of joinery glue and about 2.5 kg of chalk are stirred in 4-5 liters of a bit of heated water. To professionally make a ceiling whitewash, it is recommended to add a few drops of blue in the prepared mixture. In this case, the surface of the overlap will become snow-white.

The readiness of the solution is checked by fast immersion of flat metal subject in water. If the solution flows, you use too much fluid. To solve this problem, the composition is left for several days, at this time the chalk will fall and excess water You can remove the scoop. The remaining chalk is then laid out on the liner, the layers are not thicker than 5 cm.

How to whiten the ceiling (video)

High-quality ceiling whitening with their own hands is usually made using a conventional brush and roller. The latter is used more often. The spicy composition is applied in several stages: the main layer and finishing. In order to correctly apply the second layer, it is necessary that the first is completely pros. The surface after such a work will be slightly matte and velvety.

In case you use a brush, you need to start working from the brightest areas of the room, gradually moving to a more dark. Thus, the ceiling will not be visible strips from a brush. If you choose on the roller, keep in mind that it should be about 20-25 cm long. Poor is also advisable to start with the corners from the window.

Teaches with a vacuum cleaner

There is also a more non-traditional, but the fastest view of the blots using an ordinary vacuum cleaner. This species Repair is suitable for novice builders. A special spray cover is put on a container with a spray composition, a slot is made for a vacuum cleaner. If you want, you can purchase such a design in most building stores.

Capacity is filled with no more than two-thirds. So that the ceiling did not accumulate extra fluidThe solution must be applied carefully. In case of unnecessary droplets, it is necessary to quickly wash them. After completing the blots, it is almost impossible to eliminate them. So that the whits kept well on the ceiling, should not fall on it sunlight. Taks must not open the windows.

conclusions

The plains of the ceiling is the simplest and little costly repair method. As you can see, even the most inexperienced person will be able to fulfill him, who has never been engaged in repairs before. Dare!

Applying whitewings to the ceiling is a very laborious and long process, especially if it uses a brush or roller. However, many know that it is possible to significantly save time if you bother the ceiling with a vacuum cleaner. This household appliance There is practically in every family and certain conditions It may even be replaced by a professional paintopult.

Features of using a vacuum cleaner as a sprayer

In order to apply a whitewash or water-based paint on the ceiling by spraying, a special device is needed, which is called the spray or sprouting. The principle of operation is based on the fact that the air injected by a third-party device comes out under pressure from the spray nozzle and pulls the paint particles that settled the thin layer on the ceiling surface.

The paintopult can be as an independent element equipped with an air supercharger and be made in the form of a nozzle that dresses on a third-party device, such as a compressor, vacuum cleaner or manual sprayer. However, the use of some models of vacuum cleaners will be impossible as collapse if:

• The vacuum cleaner cannot generate a reverse craving or in its housing there is no blowing hole for connecting the hose. Many modern vacuum cleaners are simply not intended to generate an outgoing air flow.
• The unit must be powerful enough to ensure uniform spraying. Considering constructive features Many vacuum cleaners, the power of the reverse thrust they are usually smaller than the straight line.
• In this regard, the whirlwind of the vacuum cleaner is usually carried out with the help of the old "Soviet" technology, or by more modern modelsBut with the convened engine connection scheme.

Types of nozzles for a vacuum cleaner used for blissing

Professional sprayers that are used to apply whitening may have various design and features. In construction stores you can find a fairly wide range of spray guns, which differ in the method of supplying air, the principle of operation, the location of the tank with paint, as well as the magnitude of the working pressure. However, in the absence powerful compressor, Used special nozzle On the vacuum cleaner, which you can either buy or make yourself.

For deposits, three main types of nozzles are most often used:

• Painting gun with a nozzle for a vacuum cleaner (for example, INTERTOOL PT 0303). This device Equipped with a 200 ml paint tank having an upper arrangement. From the tank, the pools falls on the spray head with a diameter of the nozzle of 0.5 mm and is pushed by the air flow.
• Nozzle in the form of a lid on a glass jar. Previously, vacuum cleaners were completed with such devices. domestic productionBut in some cases they can be found on sale separately. This nozzle has a hole for connecting the hose with a diameter of 30 mm and is put on a conventional glass jar, into which a solution for blissing is poured.
• Homemade sprayer. The nozzle for the vacuum cleaner in the form of a lid on the bank has simple design, Therefore, it can be made independently. For this, two thin tubes are inserted into the kapron lid, one is long, which should come in almost the bottom, the other is a bit shorter. A short tube is connected to the nozzle on the vacuum cleaner hose in the form of a funnel.

Features Marketing Ceiling with a vacuum cleaner

If there is a vacuum cleaner of a suitable model and a special nozzle is found, you can collect homemade paintopult and start a whitewash. It is important that all the details of the sprayer, in particular, if used homemade devicewere hermetically interconnected. When applied with a solution, the sprayer must be kept at a distance of 50 - 80 cm from the ceiling perpendicular to its surface.

The optimal distance is selected by experimentally and depends on the thickness of the solution and the pressure of the injected air.

The pressure of 3-4 atmospheres is considered close to the ideal at the middle thickness of the solution. If the whits are sufficiently thick, then the pressure should be increased, and for too liquid solution, on the contrary, reduce. The distance to the treated surface should not exceed 1 meter to avoid excessive dissipation of the solution, and should not be less than 0.5 meters in order to prevent the formation of flows.

Application of the ceiling with a sprayer, as shown in the video, is carried out with a smooth thin layer, small squares. To achieve the best result, it is recommended to apply several layers of whitewash, with each subsequent layer it is necessary to spray on a dry surface.