Charcoal for soil fertilization. Is cigarette ash good for you? The use of wood ash in vegetable growing

The positive effect of using charcoal as a fertilizer for growing crops has long been known. The unique properties of charcoal with your own hands in this sense are quite diverse and their complex effect on increasing soil productivity is difficult to overestimate!

The attention of soil scientists (among them the first was Wim Sombroek from Holland) was attracted by plots of unusually fertile land in Peru, which the Indians called Terra preta, which in Spanish means Black Earth. The fact is that the lands in the Amazon region (like all tropical lands) are very barren. These are red and yellow soils with big amount aluminum oxides and other metals (so-called oxyzols), on which practically nothing grows (from agricultural crops), except for rare local weeds. However, the Terra Preta lands were strongly black in color and were unusually fertile. They gave (and now they give) good harvest even without any fertilizers. This land turned out to be so good that local farmers began to export it as land for flower pots.
It is also surprising that this black soil is very fertile, and the red or yellow soil just a few tens of meters away is almost completely barren.
When a chemical analysis of these lands was carried out, it turned out that they are absolutely identical in chemical terms. composition. And geological analysis has shown that these soils are of the same geological origin. There was only one difference: the black earth contained charcoal in abundance, from 10% to 30%. It was suggested that these black soils are of anthropogenic origin. Radio-carbon analysis showed that this coal is more than 2,000 years old. Therefore, an ancient civilization existed at this place!
The interest in Terra Preta all over the world is growing more and more.
Why are these plots of fertile land and now, after 4000 years, remain fertile even without the introduction of fertilizers, neither organic nor mineral?
To date, it has been established that the Indians added ordinary charcoal to the ground, which they obtained from trees growing in abundance in the jungle. This is very different from the slash-and-burn farming system used by our ancestors in ancient Europe and used in some cases by some farmers today: the forest is burned, then used for several years and then abandoned again until trees grow on it. This system is not very efficient. However, the use of chemical fertilizers on tropical soils is even less successful.
Charcoal is chemically inert. Why does it give such a strange effect - it makes the soil fertile for millennia, and even without any fertilizers?
Do-it-yourself charcoal is obtained by slow (cold) combustion of wood with limited access to oxygen. The coal obtained in this way has the following properties:
1. It is chemically inert and therefore can lie in the ground for thousands of years without decomposing.
2. Possesses high absorption, i.e. can absorb excess, for example, aluminum oxides, which are very abundant in tropical soils, and which strongly inhibit the growth of the root system of plants.
3. Possesses high porosity and, as a result, huge with total area surface, if we also count the surface of the pores.
4. Charcoal in soil has the unique property of retaining nitrogen from the air and converting it into forms available to plants.
5. Charcoal in the soil works as a catalyst for the vital activity of the biosphere of the humus layer.
6. In rainy periods, charcoal placed in the soil actively absorbs moisture, and during droughts it gradually releases, being a kind of regulator of soil moisture. It absorbs water-soluble nutrients from humus and fertilizers. The presence of charcoal in the soil, among other things, inhibits the development of insect pests: nematodes and wireworms disappear.

But the most important thing that soil scientists did not know is that when wood is burned in this way, at temperatures of 400-500 degrees, the resin of the wood does not burn, but hardens and covers the pores of the charcoal with a thin layer. These hardened resins are highly ion exchangeable. Those. an ion of some substance easily attaches to them and then is not washed away even by rains. However, it can be absorbed by plant roots or mycorrhizal fungi hyphae.
It turned out the following:
Numerous bacteria living on the roots of plants secrete enzymes that can dissolve soil minerals. The resulting ions quickly attach to hardened resin charcoal, and plants, as needed, can "remove" these ions from the coal with their roots, i.e. eat. In addition, many substances necessary for plants, fall into the soil along with the rains, and this is also a considerable amount. There is especially a lot of nitrogen in the rains, which is also not washed out of the soil, but is captured by charcoal.
As a result, all together it turns out that such a soil is able to feed all plants by itself, without any fertilizers. The only fertilizer you need is charcoal.

There is another major advantage: since coal in the ground does not decompose, it is removed from the atmosphere for a long time. This could help solve the problem of global warming! In doing so, developing countries can solve the problems of hunger and poverty, since they will receive the most fertile land in the world. Developed countries are also interested in this in order to solve the problem of global warming.
It should be noted that this process can proceed incrementally: more charcoal - more vegetation - more charcoal - more vegetation - etc. ?!
In general, already now, many researchers believe that following the Green Revolution in the world agriculture the next will be the Black Revolution based on the use of charcoal, which will give humanity:
1. Solving the environmental problem of global warming.
2. Solving the environmental problem of land degradation.
3. Solving the economic problems of poor countries.
4. Solving energy problems.

Cultivation of the land over the centuries has led to a deterioration in its quality, the ability of the land to quickly absorb water and retain nutrients has deteriorated. The soils have lost their structure, there is not enough air in them and they are easily exposed to wind and water corrosion... In pursuit of productivity, the massive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only destroys the humus layer, but also contaminates groundwater, Rivers and lakes. The use of charcoal with your own hands in agriculture and forestry makes it possible for short time"Cure" the soil and improve the fertility rates of our land.

The use of charcoal as a fertilizer solves a number of problems at once:
- significantly improves the quality of soils, their structure, the saturation of soils with nutrients and, as a result, the yield of crops;
- Delays the release of volatile carbon into the environment;
- helps to improve the health of livestock;
-Improves the egg production of birds;
-It is a powerful antibacterial and antiparasitic agent for indoor plants, SEEDLING, summer cottages and in mass use on large farm plantations;
- removes residual pesticides from the soil;
-favorably affects the development of beneficial microorganisms that increase soil fertility;
-increases the germination of plants due to faster heating of the soil;
- works as a loosening agent of the soil;
- contributes to the neutralization of acidic soils;
-improves the structure of soils;
-increases oxygen access to plant roots;
-increases soil permeability, retains moisture;
-Prevents leaching from the soil nutrients, especially in fields with intensive farming with active irrigation.
The use of charcoal in agriculture:
- when added to the soil: 10-30% of the total volume of cultivated soil, while on poor, heavy and acidic soils (for example, in the USA), the level of charcoal introduction into the soil reaches 50%;
The main merit of charcoal as a soil improver is:
its absorbing properties to retain water and nutrients dissolved in it containing the necessary NPK kit in a form accessible to the roots.
creating a loose soil structure, improving porosity and permeability to atmospheric air and solar heat.
The very low degree of decomposition of charcoal (wood rots, but charcoal does not!) Allows it to be used beneficial features in the soil for many years after application. To achieve a real effect, it is necessary to add charcoal up to 30 - 40% of the volume of the fertile layer to the soil layer for plowing for three years. In this case, the fraction for the introduction of 10 - 40 mm. With the introduction of coal dust, this effect approaches zero, and with a very coarse fraction, the effect of the introduction will not come soon.
Do-it-yourself charcoal in the soil prevents the leaching of nutrients and applied fertilizers (especially nitrogen fertilizers) in fields with intensive farming using active irrigation. This, in turn, prevents fertilizers from contaminating water bodies.
Charcoal in soil has the unique property of retaining nitrogen from the air and converting it into forms available to plants.
Charcoal in the soil works as a catalyst for the vital activity of the biosphere of the humus layer.
The author of the article is Skorobogatov Sergey.
And now dear comrades, let's see very good video how to make charcoal with your own hands!

Ash has been used as fertilizer since the days of the first vegetable gardens. It is widely available, inexpensive, and easy to use. But the introduction of coal ash into the soil cannot be carried out without control. With such feeding, you must observe certain rules and proportions, and also take into account for which plants and types of soil it can be used.

With all the usefulness of ash elements, it must be borne in mind that not every ash is suitable for. The combustion product of coal, which was taken from contaminated or radioactive zone it is not worth using, because harmful substances accumulate in it, which will be consumed by plants.

Coal soot can be obtained by burning coal or lignite. Accordingly, it will differ in the proportions of the chemical composition, which contains a small amount:

• Calcium, which is essential for plant development. It takes part in carbohydrate-protein metabolism, therefore it is very useful for young crops with active growth. Also, calcium is necessary for plant roots, it helps to assimilate other trace elements found in the soil. This element is able to influence the acidity of the soil by binding some acids.
• Potassium, which takes part in the cell sap and takes an active part in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. It activates enzymes and affects the quality of vegetables and fruits.
• Phosphorus, which acts as an energy source for plants. It participates in the metabolic processes of the plant organism and has a direct effect on the degree of maturity of fruits and seeds, and, consequently, on the quality and quantity of the crop.
• Magnesium, which is part of chlorophyll and affects photosynthesis. The plant signals the lack of this element with yellowed leaves and their fall.
• Sodium, which promotes the transfer of carbohydrates, and a sufficient amount of the element helps to increase the resistance of plants to pathogenic environmental factors and low temperatures.

However, ash fertilization is used quite rarely, because the minimum content of nutrients enters the soil in a state that is difficult to access for consumption by plants - these are silicates, which, under the influence of high temperatures, fuse and form glassy masses.

1. Coal ash. This fertilizer is rich in silicon oxides, the content of which often exceeds 50%, therefore it is often used to dry and loosen wet, heavy clay soils. Fertilizer from coal improves the structure of homogeneous soils, increases their moisture permeability and fertility. In addition, such fertilizer dressing practically does not contain chloride compounds. The use of coal fertilizer is unacceptable for sandy soils and soils with high acidity, since the high sulfur content is converted into sulfates and contributes to an increase in acidity. In this regard, coal fertilizers are recommended to be combined with calcium-containing, ammonium and organic fertilizers (bird droppings and manure).
2. Ash of brown coal. Get brown coal under the influence high pressure on plant masses that are saturated with phosphorus, potassium and other mineral compounds. Such dressing is used as, which enriches poor soils with microelements. Unlike coal ash, lignite ash reduces the level of soil acidity, improves its structure and saturates it with boron, manganese, copper, molybene, zinc and other components, which contributes to an increase in yield. Lignite crumb contains glumic acids (about two percent) and is a raw material for obtaining glumates (fertilizers) with high physiological activity, which helps to improve the agrochemical properties of the soil and stimulate the activity of earth microorganisms. Also, glumates prevent the leaching of useful elements from the soil.

• mustard
• onions
• various types of cabbage
• garlic
• legumes
• swede

To increase the yield of these crops, the combustion product of coal is combined with gypsum. For nutrient-demanding crops, fertilization with stone ash will not bring any benefit, because it contains an insufficient amount of nutrients for them.

The crushed coal slag is introduced during the digging of the near-stem circles of fruit-bearing trees.

With regular fertilizing with coal ash, fluorine and potassium accumulate in the soil, because ash retains its usefulness in the soil for five years. But for the effectiveness of the use of such fertilizer, a combination with organic matter is necessary.

Ash and brown coal flour is often used in the manufacture of substrates for seedlings of cucumber and tomato crops. To do this, mix one part of peat and sand and 5% of crushed brown coal. The beneficial properties of such ash remain in the soil for three to five years. Ash of brown coal is effectively added to compost from small straw, grass, etc.

In loamy and heavy loamy soils, coal ash is introduced in the fall in small quantities - it is recommended to add no more than three kilograms per hundred square meters. To increase the effect, such a fertilizer should be combined with ammonium nitrate and organic matter, because through the binding of ammonium with sulfur ions, the loss of nitrogenous compounds is reduced.

Coal ash application rules:

• in heavy and clayey soils, ash is introduced to a depth of twenty centimeters
• due to leaching by precipitation, it is recommended to bring ash before winter
• coal ash is used in dry form and as solutions (100 grams of an element per 10 liters of water), but the solutions contain a reduced amount of useful elements
• ash is stored exclusively in dry rooms, in a tightly closed container. When moisture gets in, the usefulness of the fertilizer is lost
• the simultaneous introduction of ash and nitrogen-containing dressings is not recommended
• ash can be used to stimulate seed germination. For this, an ash infusion is prepared, which must be kept for a day and the seed material is soaked in it.

It should also be borne in mind that the coal-tar feed contains sulfites, which are toxic to plant crops, but under the influence of oxygen they undergo oxidation and acquire useful properties. As a result, the products of coal combustion should not be introduced immediately, the ash residue must be sieved and dried on the floor in a dry place for at least a week and a half. Then the slag is stored in a well-closed container.

The rate of application of ash fertilizers of brown coal per one square meter- 3-5 kg.

An excess of such fertilizer will slow down crop development and increase the strontium level in the soil. Lignite derivatives - glumates are recommended to be used at a rate of 50-60 grams per square meter, and crumb - no more than 12 grams. Excessive application of these elements leads to the suppression of vegetation and the destruction of beneficial microorganisms, which negatively affects the composition of the soil.

will have practically no flaws. Experienced gardeners prefer ash feeding due to a number of advantages:

1. Safety and naturalness. Ash does not harm the human body, does not emit an unpleasant odor and does not cause skin irritation.
2. Cheapness and availability. Coal ash can be made independently, purchased at specialized retail outlets, or taken from friends who are fired with coal. The fertilizer is consumed economically and can be stored for a long time.
3. Protective properties. Coal ash is a good plant prevention. When ash is sprinkled on the soil around the plants, the attacks of snails, slugs, ants, flies and whites stop.
4. Prevention of diseases caused by fungi. For this, the plants are sprayed with an ash solution.

There is an opinion that coal combustion products are harmful to the human body, because they can contain heavy metals and radioactive elements. But plants, in the presence of these elements, develop quite actively. This opinion is true in part. The accumulation of harmful substances in plant tissues is possible when the level of application of such fertilizer to the soil is exceeded, that is, if more than 5% of the total volume of the soil is applied.

Coal derivatives are used everywhere and are of agricultural importance for farmers in many countries. Unlike wood, it contains more calcium, sodium and copper salts and less - potassium and phosphorus. Therefore, the products of coal combustion are indispensable when applied to acidified soil areas to normalize their acidity, especially when planting and. Solanaceous crops from such fertilization are saturated with copper, which resists late blight.

Subject to the norms for the introduction of coal ash and not overdo it in this matter, the accumulation of harmful substances is not observed, which means that it is not capable of causing damage to the human body.

More information can be found in the video:

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of fertilizers based on brown coal, and can be used to increase yields as available to farmers of any scale - from summer residents to large agricultural farms. The fertilizer contains brown coal with a particle size of 0.001-5 mm and an additive in the capacity of which it contains vermicompost with a corresponding mass ratio of components 1: 0.01-0.05. The method of obtaining lignite fertilizer includes mixing brown coal with an additive. Brown coal is preliminarily crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm, after which it is mixed with an additive in a mass ratio of components 1: 0.01-0.05 to obtain a homogeneous free-flowing target product. Biohumus is used as an additive. The invention makes it possible to obtain an effective fertilizer that can be produced in the required quantities on farms of any size from a gardener to a large agricultural enterprise. 2 n. and 5 c.p. f-ly, 3 tab.

The invention relates to agriculture and, in particular, to the production of fertilizers based on brown coal and can be used to increase yields as the most affordable for farmers of any scale - from summer residents to large agricultural farms.

Known carbon fertilizer and a method for its production from coal, ground into dust, mixed with organic waste (straw and reed cutting, sawdust, dry grass, etc.), which in the form of compost was introduced into the soil, where it was processed by worms and bacteria, from which the amount of humus in the soil increased and the soil became more fertile.

Brown coal, as a carbon-containing fertilizer, does not contain soil biota, and this reduces its fertilizing properties. For the successful use of such a carbonaceous fertilizer, the soil must be a large number of"living matter" - worms and bacteria. On depleted, "chemicalized" soils, in which there are few worms and bacteria, the processing of this carbonaceous fertilizer by worms and bacteria is greatly slowed down and therefore it is impossible to achieve the desired result in the first year of its use.

Also known are the humates of alkali metals and ammonium obtained by processing brown coal with sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxides. Their action is based on the activation of humic acids of brown coal.

However, the increase in yield when using them remains not high enough.

Closest to the claimed invention are coal-humic fertilizer based on brown coal and additives (which can also be called brown coal fertilizer), as well as the method of its production. As an additive in this lignite fertilizer, waste of biotechnological industries based on microbial synthesis is used in an amount of 1-10% of the mass of brown coal.

This fertilizer is obtained by mixing brown coal and waste of biotechnological industries based on microbial synthesis, which are used as liprin-2, which is a waste of the production of lysine feed concentrate, or vinasse, which is a waste industrial production acetyl-butyl alcohol after fermentation of molasses-flour medium.

This fertilizer increases the yield compared to sodium humates and brown coal. However, it contains an inaccessible additive consisting of wastes from biotechnological industries based on microbial synthesis, which are used as the aforementioned liprin-2 and vinasse, and this limits its use on a large scale, in the fields of large, medium and especially small agricultural producers (gardeners, among summer residents in small agricultural cooperatives, etc.), in areas that do not have such biotechnological industries based on microbial synthesis.

The claimed invention is aimed at creating a fertilizer that not only increases the yield many times over, but also that can be produced in any quantity and by an agricultural producer of any rank - from a gardener to a large agricultural enterprise.

The inventive lignite fertilizer has the following essential features: lignite fertilizer contains brown coal and an additive and, unlike the prototype, as an additive, it contains vermicompost with a mass ratio of brown coal to vermicompost equal to 1: 0.01-0.05, while using brown coal crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm.

As an additive, the proposed brown coal fertilizer may contain vermicompost in the form of its aqueous bacterial suspension containing vermicompost and water at a mass ratio of these components 1: 5-10.

In addition, the inventive lignite fertilizer as brown coal may contain its crushed waste with a particle size of 0.001-5 mm.

The proposed method for producing lignite fertilizer has the following essential features:

in the claimed method for producing lignite fertilizer by mixing brown coal and additives, unlike the prototype, brown coal is preliminarily crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm, and then mixed with the additive in a mass ratio of these components equal to 1: 0.01-0, 05, until a homogeneous free-flowing target product is obtained, and vermicompost is used as an additive.

It is possible in the claimed method for producing lignite fertilizer to use vermicompost in the form of its aqueous bacterial suspension containing vermicompost and water with a mass ratio of these components 1: 5-10.

In the proposed method for producing lignite fertilizer, its crushed waste with a particle size of 0.001-5 mm can be used as brown coal.

The use of crushed brown coal waste when receiving the claimed brown coal fertilizer significantly reduces the cost of the process of its production and, as a consequence, reduces its cost.

Vermicompost, as well as an aqueous suspension of vermicompost, as well as the proposed lignite fertilizer as a whole, can be obtained in any quantity not only by a large agricultural producer, but even by a gardener or summer resident.

The inventive brown coal fertilizer obtained by the proposed method not only increases the yield of agricultural crops, but also allows it to be produced in any quantity by an agricultural producer of any rank - from a gardener to a large agricultural enterprise and, in addition, expands the range of organic fertilizers used.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the examples given in the attached table 1.

1 ton of brown coal is crushed to a particle size of 0.001 mm, and 10 kg of fresh vermicompost is added to activate its biological decomposition in the soil into carbon dioxide and other nutrients of soil biota and plants, then the resulting mixture is stirred until a homogeneous free-flowing target product is formed - brown coal fertilizers.

Same as in example 1, but only 1 ton of brown coal is crushed to a particle size of 2.5 mm, and 25 kg of vermicompost is added.

Same as in example 1, but only 1 ton of brown coal is crushed to a particle size of 5 mm, and 50 kg of vermicompost is added.

In example 4, the same as in example 1, but instead of vermicompost, add 50 liters of its aqueous bacterial suspension, obtained by mixing vermicompost with water at their corresponding mass ratio equal to 1: 5. Moreover, an aqueous suspension of vermicompost is obtained before crushing brown coal.

In example 5 the same as in example 1, but only the waste of brown coal is crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm, and 25 kg of vermicompost is added to 1 ton of this waste.

In example 6 the same as in example 5, but instead of vermicompost, add 50 liters of its aqueous bacterial suspension obtained after crushing brown coal waste by mixing vermicompost with water at a mass ratio of 1:10.

In a similar way, experiments were carried out to implement the proposed invention with the ratio of brown coal and activating additives (1: 0.01-0.05) and the particle size of crushed brown coal or crushed brown coal waste (0.001-5 mm) outside the boundary values, as well as the ratio of vermicompost and water in an aqueous suspension of vermicompost (1: 5-10).

As a result of these experiments, it was found:

The use of an activating additive in an amount of less than 0.01 of the mass of crushed brown coal, significantly slows down the process of its activation, and more than 0.05 is an excess amount compared to that required for the activation of brown coal and leads to an increase in the cost of lignite fertilizer;

With a particle size of crushed brown coal less than 0.001 mm, very powerful high-speed mills are required, which makes the process more expensive, and with more than 5 mm, the activation of brown coal particles slows down and limits the mechanized application of such fertilizer to the soil using standard agricultural equipment, such as grain seeders the holes of which are adjusted to the grain size of the cereals (generally no more than 5 mm);

With a mass ratio of vermicompost and water in an aqueous bacterial suspension, in which water is less than 5 parts, a thick suspension is obtained, which is more difficult to transfer onto crushed brown coal than liquid;

With a mass ratio of vermicompost and water in an aqueous bacterial suspension, in which there is more than 10 parts of water, the moisture content of the crushed brown coal increases and it begins to clump, which complicates the mechanized method of introducing it into the soil when using standard agricultural equipment (grain seeders).

The attached table 1 shows examples of obtaining the inventive lignite fertilizer.

Table 2 shows data on identifying the effect of vermicompost and the proposed lignite fertilizer containing crushed brown coal and vermicompost on the yield of cereals (rye, wheat, corn and barley).

Table 3 shows data on identifying the effect of vermicompost and the proposed lignite fertilizer containing crushed brown coal waste and vermicompost on potato yield.

As can be seen from table 1, a mixture of crushed brown coal (or crushed brown coal waste) with an activating additive - biohumus or with an aqueous suspension of biohumus, obtained by the claimed method, is sufficiently activated in all examples 1-6 in this table, selected within the boundary values the corresponding mass ratio of brown coal and an activating additive (1: 0.01-0.05) and the particle size of crushed brown coal or crushed brown coal waste (0.001-5 mm), as well as the corresponding mass ratio of vermicompost and water in its aqueous bacterial suspension (1: 5-10) indicated in the formula.

Table 2 shows that the claimed lignite fertilizer containing crushed brown coal and an activating additive - vermicompost, in terms of its effect on the yield of grain crops, surpasses vermicompost.

Table 3 shows that the proposed lignite fertilizer, containing crushed brown coal waste and an activating additive - vermicompost, is superior to vermicompost in terms of its effect on potato yield.

As can be seen from table 2 of this description and table 1 of the description of the prototype, the inventive lignite fertilizer containing crushed brown coal and an activating additive - vermicompost, in terms of the effect on the yield of barley, surpasses sodium humate, brown coal and the prototype.

Thus, the claimed invention not only increases the yield of agricultural crops, but also allows it to be produced in any quantities and at an agricultural producer of any rank, from a gardener to a large agricultural enterprise, and, in addition, expands the range of organic fertilizers used.

Sources of information

1. Slashchinin Yu.I. “20 bags of potatoes from each hundred square meters”, Saint-Petersburg, 1995

2. Lozanovskaya I.N. et al. "Soil Science", M., 1993, No. 4, p. 117-121.

3. Russian patent RU 2111195, C 05 F 11/02, published 1998

Table 1. Examples of obtaining the claimed bioactivated lignite (coal-humic) fertilizer.
	Biological activator and its dose per 1 ton of coal	Characteristics of a mixture of bioactivated crushed brown coal	Characteristics of a mixture of bioactivated crushed brown coal waste
1.	Biohumus 10 kg	Enough activated	-
2.	Biohumus 25 kg	Enough activated	-
3.	Biohumus 50 kg	Enough activated	-
4.	Aqueous suspension of vermicompost (5: 1) 50 l	Enough activated	-
5.	Biohumus 25 kg	-	Enough activated
6.	Aqueous suspension of vermicompost (10: 1) 50 l	-	Enough activated

Table 2. Influence of vermicompost and the proposed lignite (coal-humic) fertilizer on grain yield
	Cereal	Yield, c / ha	Increase in yield, c / ha	Specific increase in yield, c./t.
	Rye	12,3	-	-
Biohumus 30 c / ha	Rye	17,7	+5,4	1,8
Biohumus 60 c / ha	Rye	18,7	+6,4	1,6
Biohumus 90 c / ha	Rye	20,0	+7,7	0,85
	Rye	40,1	+27,8	9,1
Control (pure steam without fertilization)	Wheat	17,4	-	-
Biohumus 30 c / ha	Wheat	24,2	+6,8	2,27
Biohumus 60 c / ha	Wheat	26,5	+9,1	1,5
Biohumus 90 c / ha	Wheat	33,2	+14,8	1,65
The proposed coal-humic fertilizer 30 c / ha	Wheat	50,6	+33,2	10,17
	Corn	20,0	-	-
Biohumus 30 c / ha	Corn	33,5	+13,5	4,5
Biohumus 50 c / ha	Corn	65,0	+45,0	9,0
Biohumus 80 c / ha	Corn	80,4	+60,4	7,5
The proposed coal-humic fertilizer 30 c / ha	Corn	90,0	+70,0	23,0
Control (land of the potato field)	Barley	11,8	-	-
Biohumus 30 c / ha	Barley	18,9	+7,1	2,37
Biohumus 60 c / ha	Barley	21,6	+9,8	1,63
Biohumus 90 c / ha	Barley	27,2	+15,4	1,7
The proposed coal-humic fertilizer 30 c / ha	Barley	41,1	+29,3	9,4

Table 3. Influence of vermicompost and the proposed lignite (coal-humic) fertilizer on potato yield
	Variety	Productivity, c / ha	Increase in yield, c / ha	Specific increase in yield, c / c of fertilizer
No fertilization (control)	"Nevsky"	210	-	-
Biohumus 50 c / ha	"Nevsky"	280	+70	1,5
Biohumus 100 c / ha	"Nevsky"	323	+113	1,2
	"Nevsky"	500	+290	5,8
No fertilization (control)	"Lasunok"	260	-	-
Biohumus 50 c / ha	"Lasunok"	410	+150	3,1
Biohumus 100 c / ha	"Lasunok"	460	+200	2,1
The proposed coal-humic fertilizer 50 c / ha	"Lasunok"	850	+590	11,8
No fertilization (control)	"Detskoselsky"	135	-	-
Biohumus 20 c / ha	"Detskoselsky"	166	+31	1,55
Biohumus 40 c / ha	"Detskoselsky"	182	+47	1,2
Biohumus 60 c / ha	"Detskoselsky"	187	+52	0,8
The proposed coal-humic fertilizer 50 c / ha	"Detskoselsky"	495	+360	7,2

1. Lignite fertilizer containing brown coal and an additive, characterized in that as an additive it contains vermicompost with a mass ratio of components 1: 0.01-0.05, while using brown coal, crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm.

It is good to sit near a Russian stove and look at a hot flame. Tongues of fire embrace the merrily gurgling cast iron and slowly add logs, leaving behind smoldering coals and heaps of ash. Before the new kindling, the cooled ash is collected with a scoop and thrown into the backyard. Occasionally, a zealous owner scatters ash in the fall over the beds and under the plantings, but the scope of its application is much wider. We will find out where else ash is used, what types it is and what substances it contains.

Ash types and chemical composition

You can burn everything that burns, and at the same time get ash. But not all ash will be useful. Therefore, they usually consider 3 types of it:

• woody;
• vegetable;
• coal.

Ash obtained from burning wood, plant residues(dried stems different plants) and coal (hard and brown), differs in the content of microelements. The differences are clearly shown in the tables:

As can be seen from the tables, the basis of ash is 3 chemical element- potassium, phosphorus and calcium. The composition of the ash determines the area of ​​its application.

Areas of application of wood ash

Wood ash is most widely used, as the record holder for the content of useful minerals. Chemical composition allows you to use it in the following industries:

• Agriculture;
• chemical industry;
• personal household plots.

The most valuable property of ash - its high pH - makes it useful as a natural antiseptic and a means of reducing the acidity of soils. Almost all applications are based on these two factors. wood ash.

Ash is the first fertilizer known to people since the Neolithic era. Slash-and-burn agriculture was based on its action, when the forest was burned out, then this place was plowed and cultivated plants were sown.

How ash is used as fertilizer in agriculture and horticulture

Wood ash is good fertilizer for acidic and neutral soils. In addition to potassium and phosphorus, it contains calcium, zinc, sulfur, magnesium, and iron in an easily assimilable form for plants. At the same time, ash, unlike chemical fertilizers, does not contain chlorine, therefore, it is fertilized with crops such as potatoes, currants, strawberries,.

This gift of nature will protect cabbage of all kinds from keel and black leg. It is useful to add it under cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin and squash. When planting seedlings, 1-2 tablespoons are added to the hole. During the autumn digging of beds for 1 sq. m scatter one glass at a time.

Solanaceous crops are also responsive to wood ash fertilization. Under tomatoes, potatoes, Bell pepper and add 3 tablespoons or 3 glasses per square meter of the garden.

Ash is used without fail in gardening. It is added to the planting pits and once every 3-4 years it is scattered into the trunk circles under cherries, plums, black currants. This is done this way: along the perimeter of the crown, they dig a groove on a half-bayonet of a shovel deep, pour ash or pour in an ash solution and level it with a rake. On mature tree consume about 2 kg of fertilizer. Liquid ash fertilizer is obtained by adding 2 glasses of ash to 10 liters of water. The solution is mixed, infused and poured into the grooves. For cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, apply half a liter under the plant. The undissolved residue is distributed over near-trunk circle or thrown into a composting bin.

On heavy clayey and acidified soils, ash is applied twice a year - in spring and autumn, on light sandy loam - only in spring.

When applying ash, the acid-base balance of the soil should be taken into account. PH7 is considered normal, a lower number indicates acidic, and a high number indicates alkaline.

The acidity of the soil is measured with litmus paper, dropping it into a water extract potting soil... The resulting color is then compared to a color scale. You should be aware that in highly acidic or, conversely, alkaline soils, the main mineral substances are not available to plants. Therefore, crops will grow poorly when even surplus fertilizers are applied. First, it is necessary to bring the acidity indicators back to normal, and then apply any fertilizers. The ash applied to the soil acts slowly, over several years, so it is necessary to regularly measure the soil parameters and adjust the application rates.

How to deal with pests and plant diseases with ash

Wood ash is useful not only as a fertilizer. Ash and soap solution is extremely cheap, effective and completely safe remedy to fight garden pests... It is prepared as follows:

• 300 g of sifted ash is poured with boiling water and boiled for half an hour;
• filter and pour into a bucket of water;
• for better adhesion, add 50 g of laundry soap.

Spraying is carried out in the evening, in dry weather, trying to get on both sides of the leaves. The remedy is effective against all sucking insects - aphids, flea beetles, ticks and others.

Processing with an ash-and-soap solution does not harm plants and flying beneficial insects so it can be done frequently. If you add tobacco dust to this solution, the infusion will help scare off Colorado potato beetle and its larvae from potato plantings.

A mixture of sifted ash and tobacco dust is used to dust the plantings of onions from an onion fly, cabbage from a cruciferous flea.

Wood ash infusion protects black currants and gooseberries from sawfly larvae, moths, aphids and powdery mildew... For preparation, a half-liter can of ash is poured into a bucket of hot water and insisted for two days.

Ash infusions are effective for large plants that are not transplanted every year. The infusion is prepared as follows: 3 tablespoons of sifted ash are diluted in 1 liter of water and insisted for a week, stirring from time to time. To feed indoor flowers, spend up to 100 ml of the product per pot with a capacity of 1 liter.

When flowers are damaged by thrips or midges, dusting the soil surface is effective. At the same time, watering is reduced and glue traps are used. This set of measures helps to quickly and safely get rid of pests.

Ash in the diet of cats

Many cat lovers, reading the composition of pet food, wondered - why does it contain ash? The fact is that the mineral elements that are in it are equally necessary for both plants and animals. Therefore, the ash in cat food allows them to be replenished. Trace elements are needed for the normal growth of hair, strengthening bones and teeth, they are involved in digestion and metabolism. If your pet is constantly trying to chew on inedible items, treat him with food that contains ash. Care should be taken to give such food to cats with urolithiasis. For sick animals, a diet based on natural products should be chosen.

How ash is used in everyday life

Ash of any kind is effective when used in country and country toilets. To suppress pathogens and destroy odor, it is poured onto the contents. Subsequently, the ash, mixed with the masses, decomposes faster into compost heaps without acidifying them.

With the help of ash and peat, it is not difficult to arrange. To do this, after using the device, the contents are covered with a portion of these natural antiseptics.

Where is coal ash used

Coal ash is obtained by burning lignite or bituminous coal. In its composition, it differs from woody. Coal combustion products contain insignificant amounts of useful substances. In addition, these substances in coal ash are present in a form that is difficult for plants to access - in the form of silicates. Therefore, coal ash is practically not used as a fertilizer. But they still bring it into the soil. Coal ash contains a large amount of silicon oxides, so it is used for drying and loosening heavy wet clay soils... This measure improves the structure of the soil, increases its air permeability.

The combustion products of coal must be combined with ammonia, organic and calcium-containing fertilizers.

Ash of brown coal, unlike coal, is rich in microelements and does not increase soil acidity. It is used to saturate the soil with such rare trace elements as boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum. They contribute to higher yields. Brown coal crumb contains a small amount of glumic acids and is a raw material for the production of glumates - substances with high physiological activity. Glumates increase the agrochemical properties of the soil and prevent the leaching of useful elements.

The products of brown coal processing are used in the preparation of an earthen mixture for tomatoes and cucumbers.

It is necessary to store ash of any type in a tightly closed container in dry rooms. When moisture gets in, its benefits are sharply reduced.

If the norms and terms of application are observed, ash significantly increases the agrochemical properties of the soil, helps in solving household issues and remains completely free and safe natural remedy.

* Technology of the Sumerians, Indians - CARBON charcoal. It is carbon-coal, not ash, - it's burned oxidized carbon = just alkali - soap. These are vegetables free of nitrates and diseases for 4000 years, make a 70cm thick layer of soil, mix 10-30% charcoal with local soil. These are houses and barns for bacteria. And even in the tundra, apple trees will bloom. This is the best nanotechnology of ancient civilizations.

Coal genus - sugar for soil bacteria. * But the most important thing that soil scientists did not know was that when wood was burned in this way , at temperatures 400-500 degrees, the resin of the wood does not burn, but hardens and covers the pores of the charcoal with a thin layer. The same hardened resins have a high ion exchange ability... Those. an ion of some substance easily attaches to them and then is not washed away even by rains. However, it may be assimilated by plant roots or hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi.

Numerous bacteria living on the roots of plants secrete enzymes that able to dissolve soil minerals. The resulting ions quickly join the hardened resin charcoal, and plants, as needed, can these ions from coal "Shoot" by your roots , i.e. eat. * Anthracite contains 95% carbon, bituminous coal 75-95% carbon, brown coal 65-70% carbon. Charcoal, oil, gas. * Terminates Rotten Corruption of Teeth if cleaned daily with linden charcoal powder and rinsed with cold water. * Patent number - 2111195.- Carbon-humic fertilizer contains brown coal and additive, which is used as waste of biochemical industries based on microbial synthesis in an amount of 1-10% of the mass of brown coal. * But what about when you need to get a super-harvest? It was then that Ponomarev had the idea to use as carbon fertilizer ... coal ... For example, a ton of Angren coal contains: carbon - 720 - 760 kg, hydrogen - 40 - 50, oxygen - 190 - 200, nitrogen - 15 - 17 kg, sulfur - 2 - 3 kg and a number of microelements important for plant life. The pulverized coal is introduced into the soil, where it is successfully processed by bacteria and further turns into a nutrient medium for plants. *Charcoal is to bacteria like sugar is to humans. * In the Moscow region, Vladimir Petrovich Ushakov, a follower and associate of Ponomarev, grew and collected one ton of potatoes per hundred square meters ... * Brown coal (carbon) will save Russia from hunger. Results: from one grain grew by 40-50 stalks of wheat... The leaves are almost two fingers wide, the stems are thick, strong. The ears are tightly packed with large grains. Here it is - a fantastic harvest. * Living matter lives in a thin layer of soil, deep from 5 to 15 cm... This particular thin layer 10cm created all life on all land, wrote V.I. Vernadsky. Why 5 cm or more? Because the top layer serves as a kind of integumentary crust. There is little living matter in it - due to solar radiation and temperature differences. The top layer 8-10 cm provides life for aerobic bacteria, and the bottom 10-15 cm for anaerobic bacteria, for which the air is destructive... * Book: V.I.Dianova " 672 cents of potatoes per hectare in a dry year. " 1947 year of publication. - "The number of bacteria in the soil is strong shrinks over the winter and especially in early spring, a is restored only by the end of June... The simplest bacterial fertilizer can be a small amount of good garden land (2-3kg per 100m2), taken for the winter at room temperature and kept wet... Under these conditions, beneficial bacteria not only overwinter, but they will also multiply... In the spring, such a land and scattered over the site and immediately sealed. "* Nitric acid, reacting with mineral compounds of the soil, turns into salts of nitric acid, which are well absorbed by plants. * Without oxygen and carbon, there is no conversion of nitrogen into digestible forms(nitrification), acids that dissolve phosphorus, potassium do not work and other elements. B without channels of earthworms, into the soil water is not sucked in (internal dew), microbes, worms and insects do not live. * Nitrification - transformation air nitrogen to nitrates... Do bacteria, nitric acid, in the presence of carbon. * Useful stone-eaters. - These microorganisms are so called because in the literal sense the words "eat" stones, coal, sand... And since you already know that germs have no mouth and other familiar digestive organs, then they "eat" due to the fact that at first they secrete enzymes from themselves, which make stones, sand, concrete and, of course, any kind of organic matter for them. They remain the most numerous... Professor E.Ya. Vinogradov. Evgeny Yakovlevich studied stone-eaters all his life and developed a technology for fast, cost-effective and mass production of which protein for animal husbandry... And before him the problem of using "stone-eaters" was dealt with since 1940 by Professor V.G.Aleksandrov from the Odessa Agricultural Institute. And before them there were many researchers. Scientifically, these bacteria are called silicate bacteria. Because they create their own biomass by assimilating phosphorus, potassium and silicon from the corresponding minerals, and carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere. In our soil, there is enough phosphorus-containing materials for bacteria for 600 years, potassium for 200. The same applies to silicon. Silica is the most common material and will last for billions of years. Propagate "stone-eaters" in your gardens, in gardens, in the fields of farms. Moreover, silicate stone-eaters", Like azotobacter (nodule bacteria), form and release a stimulant into the soil plant root growth - heteroauxin... In general, on the soil where the "stone-eaters" breed, the plants sprout together, differ in strength and height of growth and more accelerated ripening of the crop. * And I just watered the garden with diluted sour milk- Nick confessed, smiling slyly, - and the harvest received the most. As it should be. Because cellulose is destroyed lactic acid bacteria... And I already watered the beds with the remnants of the mash. What effect? Great! Everything grew by leaps and bounds, now literally. Considering that the main component of EO is yeast and lactic acid bacteria, which are already enough in the soil and around us, we suggest using the usual sugar yeast mash.* In a 200-liter container (barrel) put 1 liter of whey, 3 liters of home brew, any organic matter, a shovel of sand, 300g of sugar. Insist 1 week and use. * As a result, it turns out: on earth, "not the best" nitrogen will be enough for a period of 35 to 70 years. And on the black earth - from 120 to 260 years old... Just don't think that nitrogen-fixing bacteria live only on the roots. legumes... They live wherever there is FOOD and conditions for them. And the enhancement of the nitrogen fixation process contributes a lot of light(do not shade the plants) and application potassium superphosphate. As carbon compounds coking coal was used before, but already a quarter of a century ago replaced cheaper oil and especially gas... * Chemical composition "granulated sugar" per 100gr. Carbohydrates-99.8g, iron - 0.3 mg, potassium - 3 mg, calcium - 2.0 mg, sodium - 1.0 mg, water - 0.1 g ... Calorie content 374.3 kcal. * Sugar feeding. On a pot with a diameter of 10 cm 1-2 teaspoons of granulated sugar. Sand is poured onto the surface of the ground before watering once a week... Referring to the experiments of the authoritative Michurinists M.P. Arkadieva, K.V. Solovyova and others, - home methods of fertilization. * Even the ancient Sumerians used coal ( but not ash- this is already alkali) woody as fertilizer and received a harvest 5-10 times more than modern ones. * In 1921, crushed charcoal was used. However, the German cactus grower Rudolf Suhr observed that when rooted cacti were transplanted from charcoal into the ground, delicate species quickly lost their roots. He got the idea that this can be prevented if the plants are left in the coal and skillfully feed them. * Charcoal is excellent antiseptic and natural natural fertilizer, prevents the process of decay, regulates soil moisture, absorbs salts. In addition, coal absorbs water and minerals, releasing them to the plant as the soil dries up. Also positive qualities are the fact that it is light, porous, neutral, inert. Using charcoal as drainage, it is laid on the bottom of the pot in a layer of 2 cm. A layer of 1 cm coals with a fraction of 2-5 mm is also poured on top. * Charcoal is classified in the system of standards (GOST) - GOST 7657-84. Charcoal is registered as a food coloring under the code E153. Fine coal plant root antiseptic and carbon fertilizer... The forges were fueled by charcoal. The most common methods of obtaining were heap and pit charcoal burning. The Urals should be considered the birthplace of industrial production of charcoal. Demidov iron-foundry production has risen exactly on charcoal... All the famous gratings and other types of iron casting that adorned St. Petersburg were made in the Urals. Unlike firewood, with proper ignition, it does not give off smoke and flame... * Depending on the raw materials used, charcoal of grades A (premium), B and C is produced. In order for the wood to turn into coal, it needs to go through the process of pyrolysis, decomposition without air access. * In the Bronze Age, charcoal became one of the pillars of a developing culture. It was made from smoldering smut and used like fuel which does not cause human intoxication . To date, around the world produce about 9 million tons of charcoal per year... The lion's share of production comes from Brazil, about 7.5 million tons. Russia, despite the large amount of forest, produces about 350 thousand tons per year. Supply does not cover demand therefore coal is imported to Russia from Ukraine, China, Belarus. Per capita consumption of charcoal in Russia is less than 100g in year. At the same time, the average European spends more than 20kg coal per year, the Japanese - more than 60 kg per year. For example, in Brazil, pig iron is produced thanks to charcoal. Such cast iron does not contain elements of phosphorus and sulfur, which get into it during use. coal coke, and the consumption of coal is only 0.5 tons per ton of pig iron. Cast iron made with charcoal is stronger and more indestructible. According to GOST requirements, there are several grades of charcoal: "A", "B" and "B". They differ in the type of wood decomposed without air access in special devices. So, brand "A" is obtained from hardwood,"B" - from a mixture of hard and soft deciduous wood, "B" - from a mixture of hard, soft deciduous and softwood... * With proper temperature control, such modern equipment 1 kg of charcoal can be obtained from 3-4 kg of wood.

* The most useful is birch coal : it treats diseases of the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract, including infectious, is used for sclerosis, ischemia, arthritis and allergies. * Linden charcoal is used for colds, prostatitis and kidney stones. * Oak charcoal treats diarrhea, normalizes intraocular, intracranial and blood pressure. * Pine coal is used for diseases of the genitourinary system and gastrointestinal tract, diabetes and cancer. * Cedar coal helps with arthritis, radiculitis, relieves muscle pain. * Aspen charcoal is used to treat colitis, inflammation of the appendages, diseases of the bronchi and lungs. * When rooting plant cuttings in water, it is very useful to throw a piece of charcoal into the water Charcoal inhibits the development of bacteria and reduces the likelihood of cuttings rotting.* Many growers add charcoal to the substrate when transplanting plants with delicate roots that easily rot from damage. * Most pests avoid plants that have been treated with a solution of coal or fertilized with its ash: they do not like the smell of charcoal, and inorganic compounds have a detrimental effect on them reproductive ability... * Before the arrival of Europeans in South America, the Amazonian Indians made charcoal and fertilized their red and yellow barren tropical soils. This, black (terra preta) earth, even now (after almost 2000 years) continues to be fertile... * The secret of fertility lies in the fact that charcoal, due to its porous structure, becomes a home for microorganisms, increasing their number in the soil, and providing them with a kind of protection.

* This figure shows examples of growing plants with charcoal (right) and without (center). Left - nitrogen-enriched charcoal... Grows well with adding lime to coal.

* In 1541 a detachment of Spanish conquistodors, led by Francisco de Orellana, set out on a voyage along the Amazon downstream from a tributary of the river in the area of ​​present-day Peru. In total they sailed more than 5 thousand kilometers with stops along the banks of the river, sometimes moving inland. However, from numerous tropical diseases soon they almost all died... However, Orellana survived and returned to Spain. After his death, he left diaries in which he reported that on this expedition they saw a huge country, with a large population, huge cities, connected by good embankment roads in the jungle, with markets, abundant food and numerous gold products. Orellana named this country El Dorado.

*** At first, the attention of soil scientists (among them the first was Wim Sombroek from Holland) was attracted by scraps of unusually fertile land in Peru, which the Indians called Terra Preta, which in Spanish means Black earth... The fact is that the lands in the Amazon region (like all tropical lands) are very barren. These are red and yellow soils with a large amount of aluminum oxides and other metals (so-called oxyzols), on which practically nothing grows(from crops), except for rare local weeds. However, the Terra Preta lands were very black and were unusually fertile... They gave (and are now giving) a good harvest even without any fertilizers. This land turned out to be so good that the locals farmers began to export it like soil for flower pots. When Wim Sombroek came to Peru and began to explore the land, local farmers told him an even more amazing thing: that upper layer land they rented with Terra Preta (about 20 cm) in 20 years is completely restored by itself. Sombroek made measurements of the thickness of the earth (and this turned out to be on average 70 cm) and later this fact was confirmed: the land of Terra Preta is recovering itself. The recovery rate is 1 cm per year. It is also surprising that this black soil is very fertile, and the red or yellow soil just a few tens of meters away is almost completely barren. When a chemical analysis of these lands was carried out, it turned out that they are absolutely identical in chemical terms. composition. And geological analysis has shown that these soils are of the same geological origin. There was only one difference: the black earth contained charcoal in abundance, from 10% to 30%. It was suggested that these black soils are of anthropogenic origin. Radiocarbon analysis showed that the age of this coal is more than 2000 years. Therefore, an ancient civilization existed at this place! Subsequently, on the territory of the Amazon basin, it was discovered 20 large plots of Terra Preta land, and many small ones, with a total area equal to squares of France.* According to scientists, about 3 million people... It was an advanced civilization with a complex social structure. Where did civilization go? According to scientists, the expedition of Francisco de Orellana brought the Amazon Indians viruses,to which the Indians had no immunity, and therefore soon Indians died from a massive epidemic ... Then the jungle quickly took over the area. Therefore, already 100 years after Orellan, the Europeans found nothing. However, modern photographs from airplanes made it possible to see that all these Terra Preta patches are connected by numerous roads, which the Indians laid in the jungle with the help of embankments, and which then, after the death of civilization, were quickly swallowed up by the jungle. Radiocarbon analysis showed that some areas have for 4000 years or more. However, the interest in Terra Preta all over the world is growing more and more. Why are these plots of fertile land even now, after 4000 years remain fertile even without fertilization, neither organic nor mineral? To date, it has been found that the Indians added ordinary charcoal to the ground, which they obtained from trees growing in abundance in the jungle. Charcoal is chemically inert. Why does it give such a strange effect - makes the soil fertile for millennia, and even without any fertilizers? * Charcoal is obtained by slow (cold) combustion of wood at limited oxygen supply... The coal obtained in this way has the following properties: 1. Chemically inert and therefore can lie in the ground millennia without decay... 2. Possesses high absorption, i. E. maybe absorb excess, for example, aluminum oxides, which are abundant in tropical soils, and which strongly suppress the growth of the root system of plants. 3. It has a high porosity and, as a result, a huge total surface area, if we count the surface of the pores. * But the most important thing that soil scientists did not know was that when wood was burned in this way , at temperatures 400-500 degrees, the resin of the wood does not burn, but hardens and covers the pores of the charcoal with a thin layer. The same hardened resins have a high ion exchange ability... Those. an ion of some substance easily attaches to them and then is not washed away even by rains. However, it may be assimilated by plant roots or hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi. Numerous bacteria living on the roots of plants secrete enzymes that able to dissolve soil minerals. The resulting ions quickly join the hardened resin charcoal, and plants, as needed, can these ions from coal "Shoot" by your roots , i.e. eat. In addition, many of the substances needed by plants enter the soil along with the rains, and this is also a considerable amount. Especially a lot in the rains of nitrogen, which also does not wash out from the soil, but captured by charcoal. As a result, all together it turns out that such a soil is able to feed all plants by itself, without any fertilizers. The only fertilizer that is needed is charcoal. Numerous experiments have been carried out to study the effect of charcoal on soil fertility. These experiments continue to this day. The results were overwhelming. * Taken, for example 3 plots tropical soil. 1, - control. 2, - chemical fertilizers. 3, - charcoal + chemical fertilizers... The yield on the plot of charcoal + chemical fertilizers exceeds the yield on the plot just with chemical fertilizers 3-4 times. There is another major advantage: since coal in the ground does not decompose, then it is removed from the atmosphere for a long time. But there is another major advantage: Designed and patented method how to get charcoal from wood, enriched still and nitrogen... * Several pieces of charcoal can be crushed into powder with a mortar, poured into a small jar and then use as "iodine" for disinfection of sections in plants. * Intensive growth of wheat, potatoes, etc. 90-100 days, during this time per hectare will be assimilated by plants about 20,000 kg of CO2, of which 70% or 14000 kg, must come from the soil... And who fertilizes 1 hectare of soil with 14 tons of carbon, only America, Europe, Canada, the Chinese are still teaching this to starving Africa. And in Russia, coal, oil, gas, charcoal, as fertilizers, are used only for flowers, and the Chinese in Siberia surprise everyone with their harvests. * Carbon C (carboneum) - occurs in nature in the form of crystals of diamond, graphite or fullerene and other forms and is part of organic (coal, oil, gas, animal and plant organisms, etc.) and inorganic substances (limestone, baking soda , and etc.). Carbon is widespread but its content in the earth's crust is only 0.19%, in the air 0.0314%. * The very name "graphite", derived from the Greek a word meaning "to write" proposed by A. Werner in 1789. * Wood angle is referred to amorphous forms of carbon that do not form crystals. * Carbon has the unique ability to form a huge number of compounds, which can consist of an almost unlimited number of carbon atoms. The variety of carbon compounds determined the emergence of one of the main branches of chemistry - organic chemistry... Carbon in the sun ranks 4th after hydrogen, helium and oxygen. * In order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, scientists suggest that plant residues generated as waste from the forest industry and agriculture should not be burned, but converted into charcoal, which can then be applied to the soil... While very stable, it will persist there for centuries. The point of this operation is to remove carbon removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis from the usual cycle for a long time. *** Soda is the general name for technical sodium carbonic acid salts... * The name "soda" comes from the plant Salsola Soda, from the ash of which it was extracted. * Soda is a common name for technical sodium carbonic acid salts. * Baking soda (drinking)(sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, Natrium bicarbonicum - formula NaHCO3) - acidic sodium salt of carbonic acid. Aqueous solutions of baking soda have a slightly alkaline reaction. * Soda ash sodium carbonate Na2CO3... Soda ash occurs naturally in the form of minerals and is found in underground brines. Soda ash was called because to obtain it from crystalline hydrate it had to be calcined (that is, heated to a high temperature).* The bulk of carbon occurs in the form of natural carbonates ( limestones and dolomites), fossil fuels - anthracite (94-97% WITH), brown coals(64-80% C), coal (76-95% C). Oil shale (56-78% C), oil (82-87% C), natural combustible gases (up to 99% CH4), peat (53-62% C), bitumen, etc. Carbon is in the form of carbon dioxide CO2, in the air 0.046% CO2 by mass, in the waters of rivers, seas and oceans ~ 60 times more... * At atm. pressure and t-re above 1200K diamond begins to turn into graphite, above 2100K the transformation takes place in seconds.* Charcoal added to the soil, takes all nitrates into itself both vegetables and potatoes are environmentally friendly without nitrates and diseases... And 30% of the charcoal in the soil and fertilize with ammonium nitrate, the coal will suck in all the excess, and the roots can extract all the fertilizers from the coal by suction as they need. Coal is here STORAGE of assimilable nitrates, which are automatically issued to plants at their first request. These are houses and barns for bacteria. This is the best nanotechnology of ancient civilizations. *Linden- meat that begins to rot, being covered with coal powder, loses its stench and gets the same Freshness. Ash of Linden counteracts the putrefactive infection and even tames Antonov's fire - gangrene. Terminates Rotten Corruption of Teeth if cleaned daily with linden charcoal powder and rinsed with cold water.

- A.S. N1205915 USSR patients with allergic diseases are offered to drink 1.5 g of activated carbon on an empty stomach. A series of animal experiments has shown high efficiency intestinal cleansing using synthetic charcoal added to food. The result of these experiments is a sharp increase in the LIFE LIFE of animals, on average 43.3% !!! Microcrystalline cellulose ANKIR - B also cleans everything, and even lymphatic and blood vessels. * Carbo activatus. Carbo activalis. Activated carbon - carbon of animal or vegetable origin (bone, from some types of wood, from the hard shells of blackthorn seeds), obtained from fossils or charcoal... Special fine-pored activated carbon is produced by heat treatment without air access from some polymers... * Kindle a fire from dry birch twigs... When the twigs turn to coals(but not in ashes), cover them with water or cover them with snow, dry them and put them in a jar with a lid. Then use instead of tablets. One tablet equals a cherry-sized lump of coal. Coals can be crushed into powder. Then 1 teaspoon will correspond to three tablets. * Activated charcoal. Application.- Dyspepsia, diseases accompanied by the processes of putrefaction and fermentation in the intestine (including flatulence), hyperacidity and hypersecretion of gastric juice, diarrhea. Acute poisoning (including alkaloids, glycosides, salts of heavy metals), diseases with toxic syndrome - foodborne diseases, dysentery, salmonellosis. O burn disease in the stage of toxemia and septicotoxemia, chronic renal failure, chronic and viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis. Activated carbon is used for diarrhea, flatulence, food and drug poisoning, poisoning with salts of heavy metals, drugs and sleeping pills... * Activated carbon is an excellent preparation, but abuse using it daily for a long time means disrupting the processes occurring in the body, since activated carbon can deprive us necessary hormones and enzymes, as well as nutrients and vitamins obtained from food.* Activated charcoal was treated by Hippocrates, they were saved from poisoning by Alexander Nevsky, and the ancient Romans purified wine, beer and water with coal. * In Russian villages epilepsy was treated as follows: take from the stove some burning charcoal and a cup of water. In this cup, first blow off the ashes into the water, and then put the coals themselves there. Then pray in front of the icon, reading "Our Father", and give the patient to drink this water 3 times. After 11 days (on the 12th), the treatment must be repeated. The seizures will stop after the first time... The second time is for securing. The recipe has been tested many times and works very well. * With impotence. Burn linden wood, crush the remaining coal into powder and use with tea for 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day. it Vanga's recipe.

* Take a pill activated carbon and start rubbing her teeth until they are completely covered in black. Wait a minute or two. Then rinse your mouth. ALL!!! Teeth white and not a single black speck of charcoal.

* Folk recipes for teeth whitening. But the fashionable today photo whitening and laser whitening are not affordable for everyone. But remember that whitening procedures should be performed no more than once a week. All whitening products erase the enamel surface and are often used leads to thinning of the enamel... Remember to rinse your mouth thoroughly after your procedure. *Baking soda. Hydrogen peroxide. Activated carbon... Salt. * Popular oriental recipe. It is enough to use it once a week. Dip a dry toothbrush in thick sour cream or yogurt and brush your teeth. Leave on for 5 minutes, and then rinse your mouth. Repeat the procedure 3-5 times during the day. * Dip wet brush into milk powder and brush your teeth. Hold and then rinse your mouth. The calcium contained in milk strengthens the tooth enamel and together with lactic acid whitens teeth well.