A-ah! Improved hormone cortisol! Why?! When is the surrender of tests? Adrenaline and norepinephrine, their functions

Stress can be due to various reasons. These may be personal problems (breaking with your loved one, trouble with children, disease), and there may be external circumstances, for example, a loss of work. In such a situation in the human body, various biochemical processes that can have negative influence For health, if their impact continues over a long period of time. To neutralize the effects of stress, almost all systems are involved. human organismBut the greatest role is played by endocrine. It is during its work that various stress hormones stand out.

The role of adrenaline in stress

After understanding which hormones are generated first, it should be noted that it is adrenaline and norepinephrine. They are involved in the regulation of the organism processes at the moments of peak nerve loads. They are responsible for launching embedded mechanisms that adapt the body to stress state. They are lifted in the blood of the adrenal glands. The level of adrenaline is sharply growing at the time of anxiety test, in a shock or when a person is experiencing fear. Entering the bloodstream and spreading through the body, adrenaline leads to rapid heartbeat, the person becomes expanded pupils. It must be borne in mind that its long-term impact on human systems lead to the depletion of protective forces.

The discharge of norepinephrine is accompanied by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This stress hormone is also standing out at the time of increased nerve loads or when a person is experiencing shock. From a psychological point of view, adrenaline is considered a hormone of fear, and norepinephrine is rage. Introducing various impact on the body, both hormones make its systems work almost at the limit possible and, thus, on the one hand, protect the body from stress, and on the other hand help a person to get out of the difficult situation. If the data generation of hormones is broken, human behavior in the stressful situation may be inadequate.

Cortizola action mechanism

Another stress hormone, which is called cortisol, and stress is practically inseparable. A sharp increase in the level of the hormone is observed at the moments of peak physical or emotional loads. This is a kind of protective reaction of the body. Affecting a certain way on nervous system, this hormone encourages the brain to look for an optimal way out., It will mostly activate his activities. If muscle efforts are required to exit the complex situation, the cortisol can give them an unexpected impulse. It is exactly the action of this hormone explains a sharp increase in speed and the ability to climb on the trees in hunters who ran away from the bear. Or a sharp tide of the forces in mothers who were forced to protect children.

The effect of cortisol is that the body finds the sources of fast energy, which is glucose or muscle. Therefore, long-term stress and, accordingly, maintaining the level of cortisol at a high level for a long time can lead to the destruction of the muscles (after all, they can constantly supply human energy) and a weight set. The body requires the restoration of glucose reserves, and the person begins to increase the consumption of sweet, which leads to an increase in body weight.

The consequences of the cortisol action on the body

Normally, the hormone of stress cortisol is not only not harmful, but also useful for the normal functioning of human life systems. Thanks to it, the balance of sugar is regulated, a normal metabolism is ensured, insulin production in the necessary volumes and stable glucose cleavage. In the conditions of stress, a sharp increase in the level of cortisol occurs. As described above, the short-term effect of peak hormone generation is even useful, but when it is in a state of stress for a long time, it damages it harm.

The constant increase in the content of cortisol in the blood leads to the following consequences:

• Increased blood pressure, which negatively affects human well-being and can lead to negative consequences, up to a stroke.
• The deterioration in the work of the thyroid gland is that in the future may lead to a decrease in insulin production and the appearance of diabetes mellitus.
• A sharp increase in blood glucose levels, which together with a deterioration in the work of the thyroid gland can lead to a violation of the work of the main systems of the body.
• Violation of functioning endocrine system In general, which can lead, among other things, to the increased fragility of bones and the destruction of some tissues of the body.
• Reduction of immunity due to failure in the work of human life systems.

The effect of cortisol on weight

Another negative impact of this hormone on human life is the formation of new fatty tissues. In chronic stress and constant elevated level of cortisol, a person develops a thrust for oily and sweet food. To constantly fight stressful phenomena, the body requires the reserves of fast energy - glucose and amino acids. The first is contained in the blood and comes there as a result of sugar intake or sweet food, and the second component is in the muscles. It turns out a vicious circle. The body requires sweets that consist of glucose and carbohydrates, glucose is consumed to combat stress, and carbohydrates are converted into fat and accumulate to create energy reserves. Moreover, such fat is quite difficult to liquidate, it is formed in men at the bottom of the abdomen, and in women - on the hips. In these places, it is very difficult to remove it even by exercise.

Moreover, the presence of a high level of cortisol often prevents reset overweight. First, the body gives signals that he needs additional foodWhat leads to the appearance of a feeling of hunger, which means that the weight does not decrease. Secondly, under the influence of cortisol, muscle destruction on amino acids occursRequired for a protective reaction to deal with stress. This leads to the fact that human strength does not remain on physical exercises. Thus, a person is difficult to reset the weight, both with the help of physical exertion and the diet. To lose weight, you must first reduce the content of cortisol in the body.

Prolactin and stress

The hormone of stress prolactin operates in most cases on women. This is due to the fact that it is associated with the realization of the birth function of children. The level of this hormone in women also increases sharply during the period of unexpected mental loads. Its negative impact is that with long-term exposure, it leads to a violation of ovulation, menstruation graphs, and therefore problems with the conception of the child. In addition, it can lead to various diseases of female genital organs and reproduction systems.

Prolactin rises and during pregnancy, which leads to various emotional splashes in women. However, a permanent hormonal failure may result in infant breastfeeding issues. Therefore, if in the process of pregnancy, women arise signs of depression, it is necessary to make an analysis to the level of content of this hormone. Timely reaction and prescription of drugs will contribute to the birth of a healthy child and positive mood Future mom.

Standing stress in women, which means that the increased content of prolactin in the blood can lead not only to problems with pregnancy, but also to other critical consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to learn how to deal with stress, look at life positive and avoid strong nervous overloads.

Fighting with stress

To avoid health problems caused by stress hormones, you need to learn how to manage your mental and nervous state. There is a sufficiently large number of methods of struggle with stress and increase stress resistance. Someone spend time alone in a quiet peaceful place, someone leaves empty and just screaming to spill up negative energy, and for someone the best anti-stress is a hike in the box of the box. The main thing is to find your way and actively use it. It is also necessary to remember that a healthy and calm sleep is the key to the stable nervous and endocrine systems.

Useful do sport. At the same time, training should be not up to exhaustion, but just sufficient. Too active sports may, on the contrary, provoke the emission of cortisol and lead to a weight set, and not to a positive psychotropic effect. In general, participation in sporting events and regular physical exertion (especially on fresh air) Contribute to the generation of endocrine system of endorphins - hormones of joy and happiness, significantly increasing stress resistance.

Useful listen to good music, distribute business in advanceTo eliminate the feeling that everything must be done at the same time, but there is no time (this is one of the most common causes of stress). Also a positive effect on the mental, nervous and endocrine system has massage, manual therapy, meditation, breathing exercises.

So, in stress in humans, complex biochemical processes in the body are accompanied, which are accompanied by a sharp increase in the choice of special substances, which are called stress hormones. On the one hand, they form a protective reaction, help to quickly find a way out of a complex situation, but, on the other hand, with long-term nervous tension Stress hormones lead to violations in the body, the unbalance of its systems. The consequence of constant stress can be various chronic and incurable diseases. Therefore, with stress you need to fight and learn to manage your emotional state.

The blood stress hormone causes the same reactions in the human body, which forced our distant ancestors to fight or run away when a collision with predators or other environmental hazards. For glands producing hormones, several thousand years are not a term. So, it is them we can say "Thank you" for "easy replay" in response to stress factors. Let's find out which hormones are produced during stress and what to do to effectively return the body to normal.

Hormone stress cortisol

Steroid hormone Cortizol is the most famous stress hormone from all those responsible for this unpleasant state. Like all substances that our body produces, it for some reason is needed. And so why: in the critical moments, cortisol takes control of the balance of liquids and pressure, it gives the functions of the body that do not play a big role in salvation of life, and improves the operation of systems that can save us.

Thus, the cortisol oppresses:

1. Reproductive system

2. Immunity

3. Digestion

Should not be stress and allow you to lead you

In short moments of danger or anxiety, it does not play roles, however the situation is completely changing when you are influenced by long stress (That for modern life has almost become the norm). In this case, the elevated level of cortisol in the blood significantly reduces the effectiveness with which the immune system It struggles with infections and viruses, increases pressure to a discomfort level, increases the amount of blood sugar, becomes the cause of sexual dysfunction, skin problems, growth, etc.

Nutritionists note that the hormone of stress Cortisol causes a desire constantly there is something high-calorie and sweet, which not only disrupts the level of sugar in the blood and can pour out in diabetes, but also noticeably adds centimeters to the waist. And they, in turn, make their contribution to the already long list of stress factors.

5+ ways to reduce the production of cortisol

Fortunately, we are not hostage rings of negative consequences to which leads high level Cortisol stress hormone. Tips on how to reduce it will help you effectively restore the normal operation of the body.

Fresh air walks have a positive effect on the body

So, to reduce the production of hormone by 12-16%, just shake something useful! This simple action helps to distract and relax. Brain departments that are activated at the start of the digestive system (and chewing is a process catalyst), reduce the load on adrenal, producing cortisol. If you prefer natural delicacies, eat a couple of honey spoons with walnut nuts. He will not only help the nerves, but also strengthens the immune system.

Regular relaxation practices reduce pressure and help to be distracted from severe thoughts and stressful circumstances - at work, in personal life, etc. Any classes that pay your attention to the spiritual sphere, in principle, greatly reduce stress.You can choose what you closer:

1. Walk in nature, away from urban turmoil

2. Manual creativity

3. Visiting the service in the Church

An effective way to deal with stress, and, it means, with the development of cortisol, is a massage.The relaxing session is literally physically helpful to shake the accumulated alarms from the shoulders, increase the content of so-called hormones of happiness: dopamine and serotonin.

Tip: If you are an adherent of an active lifestyle, do not forget about the sport. It acts in a similar way, at the same time strengthening your health and increasing endurance. An excellent choice will be running.

Pour - or at least do not comprehend the day at day drema.Sleep is of great importance to reduce the level of cortisol in the blood. Try to sleep at least recommended eight hours and remember that sleep - best rest for brain and body. Looking around, you are much more efficient to solve daily problems, not allowing them to accumulate in a huge coma of stressful circumstances.

Perfectly helps to leave a small training with dumbbells at home. At the same time, and you can help your body.

A cup of fragrant tea perfectly raises the mood!

Natural relaxant, who probably has at home, is tea. Brew a cup of fragrant tea and give yourself a few minutes on a cozy and calm tea drinking - it will help reduce the level of stress hormones by 40-50%, due to the action of flavonoids and polyphenols contained in tea.

Tip:choose large-grained tea instead of a packaged - there is much more useful substances in it.

And the simplest recipe finally, which is also one of the most efficient: listen to music! A pleasant, positive, relaxing or toning playlist contributes to the secretion of dopamine and serotonin and a decrease in cortisol production. Especially useful during stress is classical music, activating the maximum brain departments and forming new neural connections - literally plays you updated nerve cells.

Music has healing effects on the nerves

Adrenaline: What is stress actually

Adrenaline as a hormone of stress explicitly hints at the nature of disturbing circumstances. As you know yet from school program, adrenaline is produced when you are scared.It makes the heart and muscles work more active, and the brain is focused on the same problem: how to escape from the threatening situation. Is it worth fighting with her? Is it worth running?

Under the influence of adrenaline, the body functions at the limit, limiting your horizons, creativity and ability to relax. Increased load with prolonged exposure to this hormone leads to excessive fatigue, headaches and moral fatigue: due to the concentration on the problem it seems that nothing but her in life does not exist.

How to calm down and spread with adrenaline

To stop afraid, it is necessary first of all to deal with the cause of fear.Look at your life: What causes you clear discomfort? Stress factors can be:

2. Personal life

3. Financial condition

4. Troubled furnishings in the area where you live

5. Health problems

If you are experiencing difficulties with independent identification of problem areas of life, talk to a partner, another you trust, or contact a specialist. Often, fear is associated with experience taking place from childhood, and to completely get rid of this feeling, the help of a psychologist will be very by the way. Adrenaline is especially dangerous for pregnant women, in this case, to resort to help from the side is necessary for the health of the baby.

Speak about your problems with loved ones. It is important!

Tip: No need to be afraid of a campaign to a specialist. Carefully pick up the doctor and feel free to go to trial advice to several of them, to choose who causes you trust and location.

Moreover, reduce the production of adrenaline stress hormone using healthy sleep and dietexcluding sweet, oily and flour.

Women's hormone

In the female body there is another unexpected enemy, which under normal circumstances does not carry anything bad - This is prolactin. Normally, he is responsible for lactation and naturally rises during pregnancy, after feeding the child with breasts or after sex. However, in the stressful situation, it may increase it, turning prolactin into a stress hormone.

The long-term effect of prolactin on the body of a woman leads to problems withreproductive system, disorders of the menstrual cycle and ovulation, reducing estrogen level and "disconnection" of sexual entry.

The most terrible disease that he can cause is diabetes. Also prolactin oppresses the action of dopamine, even more interfering with you to enjoy what is usually pleased - And thereby increasing stress.

Normalization of the level of prolactin

The main assistant in the fight against elevated level of prolactin is dopamine. These hormones are kind of compete in the body, and Activation of Dopamine production oppresses the production of female stress hormone. Exercise that he brings pleasure, take time for a hobby and recreation - it will be the first step towards normalizing your condition.

Do not stay with your problems alone.

It has great importance proper nutrition. Required substances In the biggest concentrations can be found in a variety of fruits and berries:

• Strawberry

  Blueberry

  Protection

How to prevent hormonal failure in stress

Knowing how the stress hormones are called, and how to effectively deal with their increased development in the body, you can quickly cope with negative state. However, it is even more important to know how to prevent hormonal failure - after all, so you can fight stress before he swallows you.

The main rule - listen to your body.Let's take time on vacation and relaxation, do sports, correctly twist and spend more time in the fresh air. Do not forget to communicate, which helps the psyche to unload and switch from anxiety to more positive experiences. Make frequent rest breaks and use anti-stress toys to relieve voltage.

Tip: Choose meetings with people who are pleasant to you. The society of repulsive personalities can only aggravate the condition.

Do not forget: you can control your stress as well as pleasure.Therefore, do not let him take the top. Be healthy and happy. Published.

If you have any questions, ask them

P.S. And remember, just changing your consumption - we will change the world together! © Econet.

Any stress factors provoke biochemical reactions in the body that can cause with long-term effects. negative consequences For human health. Many systems are affected, but the most important is an endocrine sphere, since it controls the activity of stress hormones. The most important hormone of stress, which is mentioned most often - cortisol.

The hormone of stress cortisol is the most dangerous element that affects a person during a period of long-term voltage. It leads to combat readiness the body, therefore, the body reaction is ensured for danger. This property is actively using athletes who need to spur muscles and systems. In the future, the cortisol is excreted from the body, but with a long-term stressful state is produced in large volumes and negatively affects health.

Its impact is expressed in the following:

• increased drowsiness;
• weakness;
• reluctance to do something;
• desire to seize the stress sweet;
• impairment of memory.

The danger of cortisol is that it suppresses the production of estrogen, it leads to a premature aging of the body. The stress hormone reduces immunity and increases pressure, leads to frequent hypoglycemia and fat mass in the abdomen, decrease muscular massthat is especially risky for athletes. As a result, the likelihood of such chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes.

For athletes, it is also undesirable to exude this hormone in the sense that its oversuetting in the body increases the fragility of the bones and provokes the destruction of tissues. High concentration of cortisol hinders weight loss.

Hormone cortisol is an important element that is formed as a result of biochemical processes in the body in stress, but in excessive amounts it adversely affects all organs.

Catecholamines

The group of Catecholamine hormones caused by stressful influence includes adrenaline, norepinephrine and dopamine. These are hormones of the brain layer of adrenal glands - biologically active substances that differ in effect effects. In the first place is adrenalineIt is produced immediately after the start of the action of the stressor, and is the most powerful and active substance.

Adrenalin

A stressful hormone is produced in the case of fright or shock, mainly in the mental nature of stress. When entering the blood, it contributes to the expansion of pupils, heating the heartbeat, that is, under its effect, the body strengthens the protection. But with its long-term effect, the protective forces are depleted. Specialists are called a hormone causing cancer.

The effect of adrenaline is used in training, it allows you to lose weight, because it has the property of strengthening the metabolism. But long-lasting hunger strikes and stress training are depleted by the body. The effect of adrenaline lasts five minutes, there are so-called adrenaline addicts, which are specially engaged in extreme sports. This sooner or later leads to problems with heart and vessels. At the same time, his lack can provoke depression.

Dopamine

Dopamine also stimulates the psyche. He participates in the regulation of the motor medium and allows you to form behavioral reactions on tension. Reducing the level of this hormone leads to depressive states, and provokes neurological and somatic diseases.

Noraderenalin

This hormone increases diastolic and systolic pressure, but he does not change cardiac rhythms. Its action causes reducing kidney vessels and relaxation of intestinal muscles. It appears as a result of physical impact and accompanies such a state as rage.

Androgens, or sex hormones are represented by estrogen. It raises the human pain threshold, while the physical impact of stressors is not so noticeable. Unlike other elements, it is synthesized only by the adrenal glands (Androstendion and dehydroepyondrosterone) and gender glands. Men do not experience his oversupply, as the main hormone for them is testosterone.

And for women, with an increase in the amount of androgens, male signs may appear - the sore, changing voice grade, body structure. But, as a rule, the effect of androgen is quite weak.

Speaking of such relationships, like hormones and stress, it is worth remembering beta endorphine, which also allows you to survive a difficult period. It makes it up with an intermediate department of the pituitary. It reduces the response to pain, eliminates the effects of shock, keeps the CNS in the tone. Refers beta endorphin to the Endorphin group.

Physiologically, it is an excellent painkillers, anti-shock and anti-stress agent. It contributes to a decrease in appetite, reduces the sensitivity of the CNS departments, normalizes pressure and breathing. It is often compared with morphine and other opiates, thanks to which Endorphin received another name - endogenous opiate.

The effect of endorphine causes Euphoria, it is not in vain that after stress, a positive emotional effect is associated. But this side effect Hormone in stress, as it can be called not only with tension, but also a momentary feeling of happiness, listening to music, watching works of art.

Other hormones

Consider them.

1. Mineralocortokids. These hormones play an important role, they are produced in the core of the adrenal glands, and live no more than 15 minutes. The main hormone belonging to this group is aldosterone. It allows you to detain in sodium and water in the body, stimulates the release of potassium. Its oversupply can cause pressure increase, and the lack of fraught with losses of salt and water. As a result, it can develop dangerous state - Dehydration and adrenal insufficiency.
2. Hormones thyroid. The main hormones, for the production of which corresponds to the thyroid gland - thyroxine and triiodotinin. For the synthesis of these elements, it is necessary to adequate in the body of the iodine. Otherwise, problems with memory and attentiveness are possible. Another hormone, which produces the thyroid - Calcitonin. It contributes to saturation of bone calcium, which ensures its hardness and prevents destruction.

Hormones of the front lobe of the pituitary

The front proportion of pituitary glands produces a hormone of prolactin stress, thyrotropic hormone and many others. They have an impact on human well-being and stress maturation. A thyrotropic hormone stimulates the work of the thyroid gland, allowing it to produce a sufficient number of elements. The secretion of this substance is broken by age, and its oversuetration affects the structure and work of the thyroid.

The adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the work of the adrenal glands and participates in the secretion of pigments. Somattropine is the main element responsible for human growth. In childhood, its disadvantage leads to irreparable consequences. It also participates in the distribution of fat savings, the growth of the skeleton, the metabolism of proteins, ensuring the power and growth of the muscles. Somattropine affects the pancreas cells and insulin production.

Prolactin and metabolism

Stress and hormones prolactin are inextricably linked. Prolactin in chronic voltage is produced in small quantities, which can cause metabolic disorders. It is especially dangerous for women. It also leads to critical consequences. Since prolactin is associated with childbearing function, it leads to the impossibility of becoming pregnant, disruption of ovulation, causes the development of adenoma, mastopathy.

The main factor affecting his oversupply becomes stress. Even minor experiences can cause its increase. Also provoking factors can be the reception of drugs and breast surgery, diseases of the endocrine system, the effects of radiation. The reduction of the hormone is rare and is called, as a rule, physical and emotional overloads.

It is worth noting that all stress hormones Important for the normal life of the body, their presence is required. Cortisol, adrenaline and prolactin are preparing to combat stress, but with their exceeding negative consequences are inevitable. To prevent this, it is worth controlling the impact of traumatic factors. Make it will allow compliance with the recreation and activity mode, avoiding tense situations and the formation of the correct reaction to stress.

Stressful condition is caused by various life events, whether it is personal problems or difficulties of an external nature, for example, unemployment. In any complex situations in the body, biochemical processes occur, with a long-term traumatic experience, they are able to influence human health. With stressful moments, many systems are involved, immune, digestive, urinary and other functional areas of the body are involved in mobilization. In this case, the most active system is an endocrine sphere, it is under its control that there is a so-called stress hormone. Usually under it implies cortisol, but it is impossible not to take into account other changes under the influence of a strong experience.

Biochemical processes of stress
How does the body work during stressful experiences? Doctors argue that a long-term traumatic factor causes various physiological changes, endocrine tissues are most susceptible to various aggressors. Consider a chain of biochemical changes in the body.

At the first signs of danger in adrenal glands, adrenaline and norepinephrine is produced. Adrenaline rises with alarm, shock states, fear. Enrolled in blood, it enhances the heartbeat, expanding pupils, and also begins work on the adaptation of the body to stress. But long exposure to its protective forces of the body. Noraderenalin is allocated for any shock situations, its action is associated with an increase in blood pressure. Adrenaline during stress is considered a hormone of fear, and norepinephrine, on the contrary, rage. Without the development of these hormones, the body becomes unprotected before the influence of stressful situations.
Another stress hormone is cortisol. Its increase occurs in extreme situations or severe physical exertion. In small doses, cortisol does not have a special impact on the work of the body, but its long-term accumulation causes the development of depression, there is a thrust for fatty food and sweet products. No wonder cortisol bind with weight set.
It is impossible to exclude an important hormone from the biochemical chain, which particularly affects women is prolactin. In a situation strong stress And the depression prolactin is strongly distinguished, which leads to a violation of metabolism.
Biochemical processes cause certain mechanisms that adapt a person to danger. At the same time, stress hormones are able to affect the work of the body. Consider their impact in more detail. How do prolactin and cortisol affect health?

Cortisol
Cortisol is necessary for the body's correct operation, it regulates the Sahara balance, glucose and insulin metabolism. But stressful impact increases its norm, in this case the critical influence of the hormone occurs.

What happens if cortisol exceeded its norm?

High blood pressure.
Reducing the function of the thyroid gland.
Hyperglycemia.
Bone fragility.
Reduced immunity.
Festivation of fabrics.
Such an action is manifested in chronic stress, and accordingly a long-term increase in the hormone.
Another negative impact of stress hormone is the appearance of fatty sediments in the waist area. This is due to the appearance of thrust to sweet and fatty food. If stress moved to the chronic phase, then the closed circle is obtained. The organism is sent signals that he needs to postpone fat for the energy reserve. Sometimes the cortisol and its high level interfere with reset overweight.

In order to avoid the above problems, it is necessary to study to cope with stress. Cortisol decreases in a relaxed atmosphere, in the absence of long experiences. A good emotional background will allow you to maintain hormone at the required level.

Prolactin
Prolactin is associated with childbearing function, moreover affects metabolism. If prolactin is elevated, its excess leads to a violation of ovulation, the absence of pregnancy, it may cause mastopathy, adenoma and fibrosis.

What is the reason for increasing this hormone? The main source includes a stress factor. Even the usual excitement before exams causes a short-term increase in such a hormone as prolactin. In addition to stressful influence, the reasons for the increase refers:

Receiving a certain range of drugs.
Radioactive radiation.
Operations on lactic glands.
Chronic liver and kidney failure.
Endocrine diseases.
And if prolactin is lowered? The reduced level is found in rare cases. If the body is healthy, then the increase in the hormone is associated with pregnancy, emotional and physical overloads. To learn about increasing the norm, you should pass the analysis for its definition. After that, the reasons are determined, and the treatment is also assigned.

If prolactin is produced during a protracted depression, then the consequences for the body can be critical. The hormone is very mobile, so it is difficult to influence its concentration. It is important to observe calm regime, nerve overload causes strong vibrations of stress hormone. Prolactin and its level should be monitored when planning pregnancy.

It should be noted that the person needs hormones in the body. Cortisol, prolactin and adrenaline prepare the body to combat and adapt. But if the traumatic factor is delayed, then their negative impact begins.
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition that occurs as a result of increased production of prolactin hormone. It is synthesized in the front of the pituitary gland and has a great influence on the reproductive function.

This hormone together with progesterone support the functioning of the yellow bodies of the ovary and take an active part in the process of tooling the fetus during pregnancy.

If prolactin is elevated, the symptoms of this state, observed more often than others - headaches and a decrease in libido.

Long-term hyperprolactinemium leads to a decrease in the bone density and the development of osteoporosis. In patients, there is an increased synthesis of androgens and, as a result, the development of hirsutism (excessive masculine type) increases weight, mastopathy develops, a sleep disruption occurs, depression occurs.

One of the main symptoms of hyperprolactinemia is disorders of the menstrual cycle. It becomes irregular or completely disappears.

Few people know that prolactin is produced in the body of a man. An increase in the synthesis of this hormone can lead to diseases of the prostate gland and the development of erectile dysfunction.

Causes of hyperprolactiamia
Increased prolactin synthesis can have both physiological and pathological origins.

In healthy people, hyperprolactinemia can be observed with a lack of sleep, physical overvoltage, in women during lactation and so on.

The hormone level may increase even with the massage of the cervical spinal column, since it is there that there are nerve endings that affect the synthesis of prolactin.

A short-term increase in the level of prolactin may be observed in stress caused by, for example, a gynecological inspection or surrender of blood test.

Pathological hyperprolactinemium may arise due to the development of such serious diseaseslike tuberculosis, SPKA (polycystic ovarian syndrome), hepatic or renal failure, pituitary tumor.

Synthesis prolactin increases when taking some medicines (estrogen, contraceptive and antiemetic tablets, opiates, neuroleptics, hypotensive drugs), so at the doctor's reception, you need to tell him about all the preparations taken.

Hyperprolactinemia is observed after radioactive exposure, with the "empty" Turkish saddle syndrome (the place where the pituitary is located), after operational intervention in the milk glands.

Source: Eco Clinic "Altravit"

Prolactin and Cortisol - Stress Hormones

Of particular interest in the problem of stress resistance and the appearance of stress is due to the expansion of the field of activity recently modern man, often flowing in fairly extreme conditions and accompanied by a constant increase in mental and mental loads and a decrease in the share of physical labor.

Created by scientific and technical progress and civilization of hypokinesia (restriction of motor activity) and hypodynamine (reduction of power loads) not only adversely affect the respiratory system, blood circulation, the musculoskeletal system, the metabolism, but also, they will certainly lead to a decrease in the body's reactivity and as a result - Development of stress.

The overall concept of stress denotes a strong adverse and adverse effect on the body, as well as the psychological and physiological response of a person of various kinds of aggressor (stressor).

In morphological and functionality, stress is accompanied by a general adaptation syndrome that has certain stages:

anxiety reaction - the overall resistance of the body decreases ("shock"), after which protective mechanisms are included;
The resistance stage (resistance) - on the basis of the voltage of the functioning of all systems, the maximum adaptation of the body is achieved to new conditions;
The period of exhaustion is manifested by the inconsistency of protective mechanisms, as a result of which a violation of the interaction and consistency of life functions is increasing.
One of the criteria of gravity of stress is the degree of severity of signs (symptoms) of this state, namely:

physiological manifestations - migraine (headaches), periodic increase in blood pressure, chest pain, heart, lower back, redness of skin, atopic dermatitis, eczema, other skin diseases, development of stomach ulcers;
Psychological reactions - loss of appetite, irritability, reduced interest in what is happening, the inability to focus, increased excitability, waiting for pain or possible trouble, depression.
Stressful state can be caused by individual factors associated with events in personal life, work, emergencies. In this case, the body reacts with the same biochemical changes aimed at repayment of the voltage.

The main systems that implement stressful restructuring of the body are pituitary-hypothalamic-adrenal and sympathetic systems under the control of the highest brain and hypothalamus departments, the intensive functioning of which is accompanied by the release of various hormones called stress hormones. They, mobilizing the physical resources of the body, help him cope with the emergence of an overlap, which led to stress.

Main stress hormones and their features
In the period of stress in the body changes the level of activity of its functional systems - cardiovascular, immune, urinary, digestive, etc. Therefore, the main role in maintaining this new status is the hormones of stress. At the same time, adrenal glands protrudes the most active iron of the internal secretion.

The bark of adrenal glands highlights the four main groups of steroid hormones of stress:

glucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisol) - hormone cortisol is produced in emergency or stressful situations, with a lack of nutrition and strong physical exertion. After the release, the cortisol exhibits a long effect, but its constantly increased level can lead to a violation of memory and the development of depression. The maximum content in blood serum cortisol reaches in the morning and lower - at night. IN large quantities Cortisol is produced in chronic overvoltage, which can cause cravings to sweet or fatty food. Its action cortisol signals the body about the need for "fat deposits" to create an energy reserve in the "Combating Enemy". Cortisol, undoubtedly, is one of the most important hormones, but in chronic stress such a hormone is produced in much larger quantities than it is necessary and then it becomes harmful. This hormone in excess can have a number of adverse effects: high blood pressure, decrease in immunity, increase in abdominal fat, reduction of muscle tissue, as well as hyperglycemia. This usually leads to large problems associated with increasing cholesterol, the appearance of diabetes, heart attack or stroke. Therefore, cortisol has also received the nickname "death hormone";
Mineralocortokids (aldosterone) - a hormone required for normal operation of the kidneys, contribute to reabsorption (reverse absorption), which leads to a delay in the body of the water and the emergence of numerous edema;
Androgens (sex hormone, estrogen) - the higher the level of estrogen in the blood of a person, the more resistant to pain. This is due to the increase in pain;
Catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine) - belong to the hormones of the brain layer of the adrenal glands and are biologically active substances. Of these, norepinephrine and adrenaline are produced not only by nervous tissues, but also a brainstant. Their effects in the human body differ somewhat, since human adrenaline is about 80%, and norepinephrine is only 20%. Adrenaline has a powerful and intensive effect, but compared with cortisol, it turns out quickly, so adrenaline often participates in a serious short-term alarm and the panic situation. Adrenaline in the blood increases in the first moments of the impact of the stressor and, according to many scientists, can contribute to the development of cancer.
In addition to the adrenal glands of stress, an increase in the exchange, accelerating chemical reactions and creating increased attentiveness, is also produced by the thyroid gland (thyroxine, triiodhythonic) and the front lobes of the pituitary gland (prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH, folliclestimulating and luteinizing hormone).

Of great importance, especially for the female organism, has a hormone prolactin, which supports the yellow body and controls the formation of progesterone. Under stress, it is prolactin that has the most powerful impact on the metabolism and water regulation mechanisms in the body. In the state of depression, prolactin is produced uncontrollably and can lead to disastrous consequences, especially in cases where there is a predisposition for the development of cancer cells.

Prolactin - Movable hormone, because it is easy to influence its concentration. At the same time, prolactin, whose formation is pulsing and rises during sleep, may depend on the reception of some drugs (opioid analgesics, antidepressants, cocaine, estrogens, etc.) or oral contraceptives. Prolactin plays a special role in the production of milk at the mother during lactation. To keep prolactin normally, it is important to observe the recreation and work mode, as well as avoid stress or try to form a healthy and proper reaction on stressful situations.

All these stress hormones (especially cortisol, prolactin and adrenaline) prepare the body to the emergence of complex situations by certain mechanisms, including the increase in blood sugar levels or blood pressure to provide muscle and brain fuel. Thus, causing the feelings of panic and fear, as well as making a person ready to resist any threat or escape from her.

Mechanism of the impact of stress hormones on the body
In response to the stressful situation in the human body, there is a state of confusion and anxiety, which are preparing for active actions. Information about a possible alarm enters the brain where it is fixed as nerve pulses, and then through nerve endings are transmitted to the relevant organs. As a result, a huge number of stress hormones are thrown into the blood, which are spread over the vessels of the whole body.

In physical stress, it is predominantly norepinephrine, and with mental (rage, fear, anxiety) - most often adrenaline. Both the other hormone have a certain impact, as follows:

noraderenalin causes an increase in diastolic and systolic pressure without accelerating cardiac rhythms, increases the intensity of heart abbreviations, inhibits diuresis, due to the narrowing of the kidney vessels, delays sodium ions in the blood, lowers the secretory activity of the stomach, enhances the salivation, and also contributes to the relaxation of the intestinal muscles;
Adrenaline is an antidiuretic and has antispasmodic and bronighting effect. Unlike other hormones, adrenaline can cause an expansion of the pupil and a change in carbon exchange. Adrenaline its influence reflexively reduces the amplitude and frequency of breathing, the release of potassium and sodium ions with urine, relaxes the walls of the organs, slows down the digestive secretion and motor activity of the stomach, and also increases the reduction of the skeleton muscles. Adrenaline is considered one of the most active natural stimulants of all organism systems.
Cortisol and corticosterone affect the body system by:

transformations in amino acid muscles in glucose in order to provide the body with additional energy and removing the voltage;
Adjusting blood pressure and insulin metabolism;
control of blood sugar balance;
anti-inflammatory effects due to a decrease in the permeability of vascular walls, oppression of mediators of inflammation and inhibition of other mechanisms causing inflammatory reactions;
Immunoregulating effects - cortisol inhibits the activity of lymphocytes and allergens.
In parallel with this, the hormone cortisol can negatively affect the work of the brain as a whole, destroying the neurons in the hippocampus.

An important role also plays prolactin, which has a metabolic and anabolic effects that affect metabolic processes and accelerating proteins synthesis. In addition, prolactin has an immunoregulating effect, can affect behavioral reactions and participates in the regulation of water-salt metabolism and mental functions. It is closely related to the reproductive woman's reproductive panel.

Stress hormones are secreted not only during adverse conditions or situations. In the normal state, they act as the necessary component of the endocrine regulation. However, their concentration in the blood during stressful exposure increases many times. In this case, the muscles are activated, and the instant cleavage of carbohydrates and proteins occurs.

• If you failed to find a solution to your situation with this article, I will find a consultation and we will find a way out.

  • • This is a description of the nature of the "unhappy" person

      His 2 main problems:1) chronic dissatisfaction of needs, 2) the inability to send his anger internship, keeping it, and together with it and all warm feelings, every year they make it more and more despairing: so that he will do it better, on the contrary, only worse. The reason - he does a lot, but not that. If you do nothing, then, over time, or the person "burns at work", loading itself more and more - until complete exhaustion; Either his own self will be empty and disinterested, unbearable hatred for himself, refusal to care about himself, in the future - even from self-fighting. The manner becomes like a house, from which bailiffs made a furniture. On the background of hopelessness, despair and depletion there is no strength , Energy even thinking. Full loss of ability to love. He wants to live, but begins to die: the dream is disturbed, the exchange of substances ... It is difficult to understand what he lacks precisely because it is not about the destruction of the possession of someone or something.

      On the contrary, he has the possession of destruction, and he is not able to understand what is deprived. It turns out to be their own self. He is unbearably painful and empty: it can not even arrange it in words. This is a neurotic depression.. Everything can be warned, do not bring to such a result.If you learned in the description of yourself, and you want to change something, you need to urgently learn to two things:1. To learn the following text by heart and repeat it all the time until you learn how to use the results of these new beliefs:

      • I have the right to need. I am, and I - I am.
      • I have the right to need and meet the needs.
      • I have the right to ask for satisfaction, the right to seek what I need.
      • I have the right to crave love and love others.
      • I have the right to a decent organization of life.
      • I have the right to express discontent.
      • I have the right to regret and sympathy.
      • ... on birth right.
      • I can get a refusal. I can be alone.
      • I'll take care of myself anyway.

      I want to draw the attention of my readers to the fact that the task of "learn the text" is not an end in itself. Autotraining itself will not give any sustainable results. Every phrase is important to live, feel, find it confirmation in life. It is important that the person wants to believe that the world can be arranged somehow differently, and not just as he got used to imagine him. What is from himself, from his ideas about the world and about themselves in this world, it depends on how he will live this life. And these phrases are only a reason for thinking, reflection and searches for our own, new truths.

      2. To learn how to send aggression on the one to whom it is addressed in fact.

      ... Then the opportunity to experience and express to people and warm feelings will appear. Realize that anger is not destroyed, and can be presented.

      Want to know what is missing a person to become happy?

      You can sign up for a consultation at this link:

      For K. Ageuya "negative emotion" is needed or desire, the satisfaction of which is the key to changes in life ...

      To search for these treasures, I invite you to your advice:

      You can sign up for a consultation at this link:

      Psychosomatic diseases (it will be correct) - these are those disorders in our body, which are based on psychological reasons. psychological reasons are our reactions to traumatic (complex) life events, our thoughts, feelings, emotions that do not find timely, correct for a particular person of expression.

Hormone Cortisol is elevated,when there is an increased adrenal function. But is there always a disease of the adrenal glands when the hormone cortisol is increased? Good and cheerful time, dear readers. For those who are here for the first time, will appear. My name is Dilyara Lebedev. I am an endocrinologist and the author of the blog "Hormones is normal!". In this article, I want to show you that sometimes the increase in the level of cortisol in the blood does not carry a greater danger, as many think.

When the cortisol hormone rises, and this is in a medical language called hypercorticism, then the doctor is more responsible, because all the further treatment of the patient depends on the correct diagnosis.

Why enhanced cortisol hormone?

Hypercorticism (increased level of cortisol) can be caused:

1. Endogenous synthesis of cortisol, i.e. cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands in excessive amounts. Here the reasons may be somewhat, but about it a little later.
2. Exogenous intake of cortisol, i.e., the intake of cortisol preparations (prednisolone, cortef, etc.) from outside, for example, in the treatment of many systemic diseases. Moreover, the arrival of only non-physiological (large) doses of these drugs can lead to an increase in the level of cortisol.

Endogenous reason for raising the level of hormone

Endogenous increase in the level of cortisol hormone is divided into forms: AKTG-dependent and ACTG independent.

ACTG-dependent increase in cortisol level

The ACTG-dependent increase in the cortisole hormone is called because there are diseases that relate to this form are developing under the influence of the adrenocorticotropic pituitary hormone (ACTH). It is this hormone that is the "chief" of the adrenal glands and stimulates their work.

These diseases and vessels include:

1. Disease Itsenko Cushing. The blog has an article "", dedicated to this disease, so I recommend to read it.
2. Etopopied ACTG and Cortikoliberin Syndrical Syndrome. There is also an article, you will find it
3. Long use of synthetic analogs of ACTH (Synacten, Sinkrpine).

Aktg-independent increase in the level of cortisol

Aktg-independent increase in cortisol hormone occurs when the adrenal glands have the ability to independently synthesize cortisol. This is possible only with the existing focus in adrenal glands, which will produce an increased number of hormones.

This is observed at:

1. Adenoma or adrenal carcinoma (syndrome Itsenko Cushing). Read more about this disease in the article ".
2. Primary nodular hyperplasia of adrenal glands.
3. With raising prolactin levels ().

Functional hypercorticism

There are cases when when examining a patient, endogenous redundant synthesis of cortisol, as well as taking glucocorticoids, is not detected for suspected hypercorticism. That is, with this embodiment of the hormone of cortisol there is no disease that directly contributes to the increase in this hormone. At the same time, there are other diseases that indirectly, that is, functionally, increase the level of cortisol.

In this case it is possible to assume the presence of so-called functional hypercorticism. In the case when the cortisol hormone is elevated due to functional hypercorticism, it may differ little from the endogenous increase in cortisol. The difference is available when the treatment method is selected.

States that cause functional hypercorticism are as follows:

1. Obesity.
2. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (SPKI).
3. Loosening liver, which are accompanied by violation of the function to synthesize proteins (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic alcoholism, nervous anorexia, etc.).
4. Depression.
5. Pregnancy.
6. Pretty age.

Symptoms with elevated cortisol are always the same and do not depend on the reasons that caused it. Simply put, whatever the cause of hypercorticism, the symptoms will be the same. Although manifestations increased hormone Cortisol with different diseases are the same, but in the treatment approaches there are fundamental differences.

Therefore, it is important for us to clearly understand that in front of us: the disease or syndrome of Izsenko Cushing, the syndrome of the ACTH ectopied production or the adrenal hypertrophy, and maybe it is simply functional hypercorticism. To decide how to treat one or another patient, it is necessary to carefully and accurately determine the diagnosis.

Algorithm for diagnostics at elevated level of cortisol

If suspected hypercorticism syndrome, which is based on patient complaints, as well as on its inspection, the daily excretion of cortisol with urine is determined. This is a screening method and any survey of hypercorticism begins with it.

IMPORTANT! It is determined by cortisol in the urine, and not in the blood. This is done because this hormone is not racks and a lot of different factors affecting its synthesis. So the definition of cortisol in the blood today has no clinical value. Even the blood fence itself from veins can increase the synthesis of this hormone, and as a result, the figure is overestimated.

With a negative result, the diagnosis is refuted.

In the case of a positive result, when a decrease in cortisol level is less than 50 nmol / l, a diagnosis is set: functional hypercorticism. A negative result indicates the presence of endogenous hypercorticism. This option is an indication to carry out a large dexamethasone sample. It can also be positive or negative.

Positive test indicates a sickness of Itsenko Cushing, and negative - about the defeat of the adrenal glands (Izsenko syndrome).

After determining the cause of the increased level of cortisol, it is necessary to visualize this education, in other words, to see what increases the level of hormone. For syndrome Izhenko Cushing, studies of adrenal glands (ultrasound, CT, MRI) are conducted, and for sickness Itsenko Cushing - the study of the skull.

If the adrenal glands is detected on one side, this is a tumor, a synthesizing cortisol (corticosterome or carcinoma). If both adrenal glands are affected, another analysis is performed to confirm or disprove another cause of increasing the level of cortisol. it blood fence on ACTH. If the ACTG is higher than the norm, then this is an ACTH ectopied production syndrome. If the ACTH is below the norm, then this is a nodular hyperplasia of adrenal glands.

After accurate definition The source of hypercorticism is the choice of the treatment method, but this is another story. Read about it in my following articles.