What makes a cyclone for a vacuum cleaner. Cyclone from road cone. Mini Plastic Bottle Vacuum Cleaner

The homemade vacuum cleaner is so accustomed in the farm that no one thinks about the principle of his action. Since the invention of this assistant in the cleaning of premises, was used only possible method Departments of dust OT clean air - Filter.

Over the years, the filter element was improved from a banal bag of dense tarpaulin, it turned into high-tech membranes, holding the smallest particles of garbage. At the same time, it was not possible to get rid of the main disadvantage.

Filter creators are constantly looking for a compromise between cell density and throughput for air. In addition, than polluted membrane, the worse the air flow passes through it.
30 years ago, the physicist James Dyson produced a breakthrough in dust cleaning technology.

He invented a compact dust separator operating on the principle of centrifugal force. I must say that this idea was not Nova. Industrial sawmills used centrifugal storage devices and chiclone chips like a long time ago.

But no one guessed to apply this physical phenomenon in everyday life. In 1986 he registered a patent for the first vacuum cleaner of the cyclone type, with the name G-Force.

In general, there are three ways to separate dust from clean air:

1. Filtering membrane. The most massive and cheap way to remove dust. It is used in most modern vacuum cleaners;
2. Water filter. The air with the garbage passes through water tank (as in hookah), all particles remain in the liquid medium, the perfectly clean air flow arrives at the exit. Such devices have won popularity, but their use has not become mass due to high cost.
3. A centrifugal filter of dry cleaning type "cyclone". It is a compromise at the cost and quality of cleaning in comparison with the membrane and water filter. On this model, we will stop more.

Principle of operation of cyclone

The illustration shows the processes occurring in a cyclone filter chamber.

Polluted air through the nozzle (1) enters the cylindrical filter (2) housing. The nozzle is located on the tangent of the housing walls, due to which the air flow (3) is twisted into the helix along the walls of the cylinder.

Under the action of centrifugal force dust particles (4) pressed to inner walls The housing, and under the influence of gravity settlement in the dust collector (5). Air with the smallest garbage particles (which is not valid centrifugal force) enters the chamber (6) with a conventional membrane filter. After final cleaning come into the receiving fan (7).

An article about how I did homemade construction vacuum cleanerwith a "cyclone" type filter. Productivity of this useful homemade for home You can evaluate looking at the video of his work.

To demonstrate the work gathered sand bucket. The result of the work done is generally satisfied (if you consider that it is so to speak the current prototype).

I will say right away: this article is the presentation of my history of creating my first (and how I think not the last) homemade vacuum cleaner And I do not intend to impose anyone in any way, to prove and assert that the solutions described here are the only correct and unmistakable. Therefore, I ask you to understand, so to speak "understand and forgive". I hope my little experience will be useful in the same way as I "sick" people who "the bad head of the hands of rest does not give" (in the good sense of this expression).

I once thought about the upcoming repair and arising from this consequences in the form of dust, construction garbage, etc. And since it is necessary to stick, cut concrete and "perflect", then the experience of the past suggested that it is necessary to look for a solution for these problems. Buying a ready-made construction vacuum cleaner, and the design of them in most equals the filter (in some models, even with a special "shake") or a paper bag + filter that is clogged, worsens the craving, periodically requires replacement and also worth a lot of money. And just this topic is interested, and appeared so to speak "purely sports interest." In general, it was decided to make a vacuum cleaner cyclone. A lot of information was drawn here: forum.woodtools.ru Special calculations (for example, on Bill Penza) did not hold, made what he caught her arm and on his own alone. On the occasion, on the list of ads (for 1100 rubles) and at all next to my residence, such a vacuum was caught. I looked through the parameters, it seems to be satisfied - it will be a donor!

The cyclone body itself decided to make metallic, because there were strong doubts about how long the plastic walls are laid under the influence of "sandwich" from the jet of sand and pieces of concrete. As well as about static electricity with friction of garbage about its wall, and did not want the future homemade vacuuming Metal sparks in their users. And personally, I think that the sticking of dust due to the static will not affect the operation of the cyclone.

The overall design of the vacuum cleaner is:

Polluted air passes through a cyclone, in which large particles are settled in the lower gauge garbage collector. The rest passes through the car air filter, engine and through the outlet nozzle outward. It was decided to make the nozzle and to the exit, and the size of the input and exit should be the same. This will allow the vacuum cleaner, for example, to blow something. You can also make an additional hose to make the output of the "spent" air into the street, so as not to lift dust in the room (it comes to the idea to attach this unit as an "built-in" stationary vacuum cleaner somewhere in the basement or on the balcony). Using two hoses at the same time, you can clean all kinds of filters without informing the dust around (one hose blow, to another pull).

The air filter is selected "flat" not ring, so that when you turn off, the garbage fell there fell into the garbage collector. If we consider that only the dust remaining after the cyclone falls into the filter, its replacement will not be required soon as in a conventional construction vacuum cleaner with a filter without a cyclone. And at the price of such a filter (somewhere 130 rubles.) It is much cheaper than "branded", which are used in industrial vacuum cleaners. You can also partially clean such a filter with an ordinary household vacuum cleaner, connecting it to the inlet nozzle "Cyclone". In this case, garbage from the garbage collector will not be sucking. Fixing the filter is made collapsible to simplify its cleaning and replacement.

For the cyclone case, it was very useful canand the central nozzle is made from the canister from the mounting foam.

The inlet pipe is made with the calculation of a 50 mm plastic sewer pipe into which the hose inserted in the vacuum cleaner is quite tightly inserted with the corresponding rubber clutch.

The second end of the nozzle goes into a rectangle so to speak for "hidden" flow. Its width was selected by the smallest diameter of the hose inlet (32 mm) so as not to be clogged. Approximate calculation: L \u003d (3.14 * 50 mm - 2 * 32) / 2 \u003d 46.5 mm. Those. Pipe section 32 * 46 mm.

Collected the whole design on a soldering with an acid and a 100 watt soldering iron (with the tin worked almost the first time, except for the soldering of boats in childhood, so I apologize for the beauty of the seams)

Plugged the central nozzle. The cone made the pre-fitted cardboard template-scan.

The housing for the autofilter is also made according to the patterns of galvanized.

The upper part of the duct tube arched in the form of a square and adjusted under it the bottom hole of the housing (pyramids) of the autofilter. Collected all together. On the sides of the banks of the cyclone made three guides to increase rigidity and fastenings. It turned out such a "gravitz".

For the garbage collector and the engine compartment used 2 barrels made of machine oil (60 liters). Velice, of course, but this is what managed to find. In the bottom of the engine compartment, the holes were made for fastening the cyclone, and on the surface of the adjunctness of the garbage collector for sealing around the perimeter pasted spongy rubber. After that, in the sidewall, the hole was cut for the inlet nozzle, taking into account the thickness of the rubber cuff.

Cyclone- "Gravitza" fucked with pins M10 and nuts with fluoroplastic to prevent unscrewing from vibration. Hereinafter, all the places where tightness is needed, articulated with a rubber seal (or rubber washers) and auto-care.

To connect the engine compartment and the garbage collector used latches from the military wooden boxes (Special thanks to Igor Sanychu!). It was necessary to discharge them a little in the solvent and "adjust" with a hammer. Fucked rivets (with rubber gaskets from the camera).

After that, for consumer stiffness and reduce noise, the whole design mounting foam. You can, of course, fill all the top, but I decided to progress, suddenly the need to disassemble. In addition, it turned out everything is pretty hard and firmly.

For the convenience of movement and carrying the garbage collector attached 2 doorknobs and 4 wheels with brakes. Since the garbage barrel has a bottom of the slaughter, it was necessary to make the wheels to make an additional "bottom" from a plastic sheet with a thickness of 10 mm. In addition, it made it possible to strengthen the bottom of the barrels so as not to be "rushed" when the vacuum cleaner was working.

The base for fastening the filter funnel and the engine platform made from the chipboard with the fastening to the barrel around the perimeter of furniture "Eurovints". To fix the engine platform passed on epoxy of 8 bolts M10 (I think it would have been enough 4). Painted. On the perimeter of the installation site, the filter was punctured with spongy rubber.

When assembling the throat of the autofilter housing around the perimeter, the sealant was wrapped and pulled to the base with self-testers with a flat hat.

The engine platform made from 21 mm plywood. For a more uniform air distribution along the filter area, a 7 mm recess is chosen in the platform.

For the collection of outgoing air and fastening the engine, a plastic engine compartment is used in the vacuum cleaner. It is covered with "all unnecessary" and is incised on epoxy with increased screws of the outlet. All together is collected on sealant and with metal profile (Thick spongy rubber is inserted into it) is pulled to the engine platform with two long bolts M12. Their heads are recessed in the platform and for tightness soaked with a thermoclaim. Nuts with fluoroplastic to prevent unscrewing from vibration.

Thus, it turned out a removable engine module. For ease of access to autofilter, it is attached using eight barbell nuts. Increased washers are glued (Schaubs did not run away).

Made a hole for the outlet.

Painted all the "pepelats" in black color from the can, after reading the sandpaper and degreases.

The engine speed regulator used the existing (see photo), adding it homemade scheme For automatic launch of the vacuum cleaner when the power tool is turned on.

Explanations according to the scheme of the homemade vacuum cleaner:

Machines (2x pole) QF1 and QF2 protect the chain respectively to connect the power tool (XS1 socket) and the circuit control circuit of the vacuum cleaner. When the tool is turned on, its load flows through the VD2-VD4 and VD5 diodes, they are selected according to the directory due to the large voltage drop on them with direct current. On a chain of three diodes with one (we call it "positive"), the half-wave current is created by a pulsating voltage drop which through the FU1 fuse, the Schottky diode VD1I resistor R2 charges the C1 condenser. Fuse FU1 and varistor RU1 (by 16 volts) protect the control circuit from damage during overvoltage, which may occur, for example, when cutting (bump) in the VD2-VD4 diode chain. Schottky VD1 diode is chosen with a small voltage drop (in order to "save" the already small volts) and prevents the discharge of the C1 capacitor during the "negative" current of the current via the VD5 diode. The R2 resistor limits the C1 capacitor charge current. The voltage obtained on C1 opens the DA1 optron, the thyristor of which is included in the control circuit of the engine speed controller. A variable R4 resistor to control the engine speed is selected as the same nominal as in the vacuum cleaner regulator board (it is removed) and is made remote (in the device from the dimmer) to accommodate on the top cover of the vacuum cleaner. To it, in parallel, the resistor R. is sold from the board. The switch S2 "On / Off" in the R4 resistor break serves to manually turn on the vacuum cleaner. Switch S1 "Automatic / manual". In manual control mode, S1 is turned on and the regulator current comes along a chain R4 (R) - S2 turned on - S1. In automatic mode, S1 is turned off and the regulator current comes along the R4 chain (R) -evodes 6-4 DA1. After turning off the power tools due to the large capacity of the C1 condenser and the inertia of the engine, the vacuum cleaner continues to work about 3-5 seconds. This time is enough to draw the remnants of the garbage from the hose inside the vacuum cleaner.

Automatic launch circuit collected on male Plate. Switches S1, S2, dimmer housing (for placing a variable resistor R4) and the XS1 socket is selected from one not very expensive series so to speak for aesthetics. All elements are placed on the upper lid of the vacuum cleaner, peeled from the chipboard of 16 mm and the plated PVC edging. In the future, it will be necessary to make isolated enclosures for boards to protect the parts under the stress from random touch.

For the nutrition of a vacuum cleaner, a three-core flexible cable in rubber insulation kg 3 * 2.5 (5 meters) and a plug with grounding contact are selected (do not forget about electrical safety and struggling with static electricity). Given the short-term intermittent mode of operation of the vacuum cleaner together with the power tool, the selected cable cross section is enough to not be warm. Thick cable (for example kg 3 * 4), more difficult and coarse, which would have created inconvenience when using a vacuum cleaner. From the device for the cable listening, which was in the donor vacuum cleaner, it was decided to refuse, since the existing contacts would not withstand the total load of the vacuum cleaner and the power tool.

The top cover is fixed using a heel and a bachelor nut.

For ease of removing the top cover, the engine is connected to the control circuit diagram. The housing of the engine and vacuum cleaner is attached to the protective grounding conductor. To cool the regulator circuit in the outlet drilled a small hole to create a duct of the air inside the engine compartment housing.

In order for the garbage collector to insert a garbage package, the upper edge was saved drowned along the rubber seal for doors.

And so that the garbage bag does not sleep inside the cyclone due to air supply through looseness, it is necessary to make a small hole in it.

Wind and testing of the received vacuum cleaner passed under the repairs started, so to speak in "combat" conditions. Traction, of course, are at times more powerful than a domestic vacuum cleaner, which would not have enough for a couple of minutes of work with building garbage. A relatively heavy trash from concrete is almost completely precipitated in the garbage collector and the additional filter does not need to be cleaned for a long time, while the thrust is uniform and does not depend on the degree of filling the garbage collector. Dust from putty (in the form of flour) is very light and, accordingly, it is worse filtered by cyclone, which makes it takes periodically to clean the autofilter. The task of making dust-like was not put and therefore the test was not carried out on this function.

Conclusion and conclusions:

The resulting device in the end was operational and has already passed the inspection when repairing one room. Now I am considering it more like a valid layout from the series "Won't Other or No for Interest."

The main disadvantages of this design:

- Relatively large dimensions are not convenient for transportation in the car, although the room on the wheels of the vacuum cleaner moves very easily. You can use liter barrels by 30 for example. As operation showed, such a large garbage collector is uncomfortable for cleaning, and a bag with large quantity The garbage can break.

- The diameter of the hose can be enlarged, for example, up to 50 mm and apply the hose from the industrial vacuum cleaner (but the issue of the price of 2000 rubles arises). Although with the hose, the garbage is going to be quite cheerful, unless of course try to draw half bricks.

- It is necessary to make an easy fixing attachment of an additional autofilter and engine, for more convenient and promptly maintenance and cleaning.

- The control circuit can be turned on to the control circuit (only to determine the response temperature) to protect the engine from overheating.

Poor sifting with light shallow dust, which can be solved by the introduction of the second stage of smaller cyclones.

In conclusion, I want to thank all my friends who helped the ideas and materials in the construction of this "Pepelats". And a separate thanks to my beloved wife Julia for supporting me in my hobbies.

I hope my little experience will be useful to readers.

Very often after repair and construction work There is a lot of garbage and dust, which can be removed only with a powerful vacuum cleaner. Since ordinary home Device For these purposes, it is not suitable, used, the filter for which can be self-made. How to make a cyclone for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands so that the unit effectively coped with the harvesting of construction dust?

Those whose work is constantly connected with the repair, construction and joinery, does not look like the problem of cleaning the room after the completion of the immediate work. Building wood dust, dyed plaster, the smallest grapple of foam and drywall usually settled with a dense layer on all horizontal surfaces of the room. Rub it manually or encompassing a broken broom is not always possible, because with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe room this cleaning will take for a long time. Wet cleaning It is also often inappropriate: a mixture of water and thick dust is even more complicated.

In this case optimal solution – application of vacuum cleaner. Standard vacuum cleanerwhich we used to use in everyday life will not work. First, due to large number The dust collector will instantly score, and you will need to clean it at least once every 15-20 minutes. Secondly, the ingress of large particles, for example, fragments, sawdust or chips can cause a blockage or a complete malfunction of the device.

The construction vacuum cleaner has much higher than the household. The features of its engine provide long-term operation, and the presence of a long hose (3-4 m or more) allows cleaning the extensive territory.

However, industrial I. construction vacuum cleaners They have large dimensions, are not very convenient to use, cleaning and moving, as well as not all available at a price. Therefore, many craftsmen increase the possibilities of a household vacuum cleaner, providing it with a special cyclone filter. Similar dust collectors can be bought as in finished videoSo and collect your own version yourself.

We make cyclone alone

In the worldwide network you can find a lot detailed schemes and drawings of cyclones. We give an example of the manufacture of the simplest filter that can be collected at home, having necessary materials, patience and little skill. For work you will need:

• Any oil filter For small garbage (such can be bought in auto-site stores).
• Capacity for 20-25 liters with a tightly screwed lid.
• Polypropylene knee with angles of 45 ° and 90 °.
• The pipe is about a meter.
• Corrugated 2 meter hose.

1. Do the hole in the cover of the main container. The width of the hole is adjusted under the polypropylene knee with an angle of 90 °.
2. Existing cracks close using sealant.
3. On the side wall of the tank, make another hole and attach an angle of 45 °.
4. Connect the corrugated hose and knee with the pipe. The weekend hose tilt towards the bottom so that the air with the garbage is directed along the required trajectory.
5. You can wear a material from Capron or other permeable tissue into a fine mesh. This will prevent in the filter of large particles.
6. Next, connect the knee on the lid and the filter output.

Of course, this is only a brief and approximate cyclone creation scheme. We present to your attention a video where in detail and on visual example It is shown how to make a filter from girlfriend.

The filter made in tightness, as well as the quality of suction. The trash must be assembled at the bottom of the tank or sow on the walls.

If everything is assembled correctly, suction will occur effectively and at high speed.

An example of creating a cyclone filter for a domestic vacuum cleaner into the workshop from Nikita Supupagin.

Finally finally a cyclone separator-filter for a vacuum cleaner. Since I work with wood and sawdust, always with excess, and household vacuum cleaner When collecting these sawdust, clogs at the time, decided to make the cyclone. After watching videos and articles in the Internet, stopped at.

I reworked a little, I collected, I was pleased with the test. Approximately 95-98% of the whole garbage remains in the filter. Next I applied photos with descriptions.

So, we needed for work: the old road cone, sewer pipes by 40 mm, at least one angle at 45 degrees, a piece of plywood, trimming of LDSP, Thermoclaysheeva gun. with rods, in paint bank-bucket.

The top cover that closes the cone, cut the jigsaw of plywood. In it a crown drill suitable diameter Paro holes are made - one in the center, and the second eccentric.

Insert the tube to the central, the upward extension (the hose from the vacuum cleaner will later be inserted into it). The jack of the tube is glued with a thermoclaim.

In the second hole, the nozzle is also pasted, but it is put on it an angle of 45 degrees (which is a swirl) - the stream, pulling down at an angle spirals. The angle should be inside the cone.

This cover is pasted on top of the road cone, closing a large hole.

From the bottom, the cone is scolded and pasted into the lid of the jar. The lid itself was additionally intensified by cropping LDSP.

These trimming with a hole in the center are tightened with self-draws.

I hope to someone use my experience.