Social services for the population

An integral part of the state social security system in the Russian Federation is social services for the elderly, disabled, families with children and other categories of the population, which includes various types of social services aimed at meeting their needs.
The legal basis necessary for the implementation of social services is formed by Federal laws addressed to various groups of the population - the elderly, the disabled, veterans, children, refugees, internally displaced persons and others.
The framework law that establishes the foundations of legal regulation of relations in the provision of social services is the Federal Law of December 10, 1995, No. 195 "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation."
Social service represents the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social and medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations.
For the first time in domestic legislation, the concept of such a socially significant circumstance as a difficult life situation, which does not belong to traditional social risks, has been formulated. For example, domestic abuse has nothing to do with loss of earnings (income from labor activity) or additional expenses for the maintenance of disabled family members, but, of course, it raises the need for the protection of the child from the state and society.
Difficult life situation- a situation that objectively disrupts the vital activity of a citizen, which he cannot overcome on his own. The reasons for its occurrence can be a variety of circumstances: disability, old age, illness, orphanhood, abuse in the family, unemployment, lack of a definite place of residence, etc. (Appendix. Fig. 42.)
Figure 42. State social services

Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to social services; foreigners and stateless persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by international treaties of the Russian Federation.
Social services, as part of the social security system, are under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects. The powers of federal bodies of state power include the establishment of the foundations of federal policy and the adoption of federal laws in the field of social services, as well as control over their implementation. The bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, outside the limits of the powers of the federal bodies of state power, carry out their own legal regulation of relations on social services to the population. The powers of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation include: development, financing and implementation of regional programs of social services; determination of the structure of social service management bodies and organization of their activities; creation, management and maintenance of social service institutions, etc.
Social service is based on the following principles:
1) Targeting, i.e. provision of social services to a specific person in accordance with his needs. The work to identify and create a data bank of such persons is carried out by the social protection authorities at their place of residence. Public education authorities also have information about orphans, large and single-parent families; about refugees - the migration service, about persons without a fixed place of residence - the internal affairs bodies, etc.
2) Availability, those. the provision of social services free of charge or with partial payment of the cost in accordance with the territorial lists approved higher authorities executive power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Lists of social services are determined taking into account the needs of those population groups for which they are intended. Financing of the services included in the lists is carried out at the expense of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The quality of services must meet government standards.
3) Voluntariness means that social services are carried out only on the basis of a request from an interested person or his legal representative, a government body, a local government body or a public association. You can unsubscribe from receiving social services at any time.
4) Humanity implies that persons living in residential institutions have the right to freedom from punishment. The use of drugs, physical restraints, and isolation is not allowed for the purpose of punishing or creating convenience for personnel. Stationary employees who commit these violations are subject to disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability.
5) Priority of providing to minors due to the increased social vulnerability of children due to their age. The welfare state prioritizes special care for all children, including those who find themselves in difficult life situations.
6) Confidentiality means that personal information that has become known to employees of social service institutions in the provision of social services is a professional secret. Employees guilty of disclosing it are liable under the law.
Students should pay special attention to the principles, because they form the basis of the legal status of an individual in the field of social services.
The legislation provides for the following types of social services:
- material help;
- social services at home;
- stationary social services;
- temporary shelter;
- day stay in social service institutions;
- advisory assistance;
- rehabilitation services (Appendix. Fig. 42.) .
Material help provided to citizens in difficult life situations in the form of cash, food, sanitation and hygiene products, childcare products, clothing, shoes and other essentials, fuel, as well as special vehicles, technical means rehabilitation of disabled people and persons in need of outside care.
In social service institutions, consultations are provided on issues of social and social and medical support of life, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 22, 2005 No. 534 "On conducting an experiment to create a state system for providing free legal aid to low-income citizens" approved the Regulation on the provision of such assistance.
In public institutions, social services are provided is free:
1) persons who are incapable of self-service due to advanced age, illness, disability, who do not have relatives who can provide them with assistance and care if their average per capita income is below the subsistence level established in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation where they live;
2) persons who find themselves in a difficult life situation due to unemployment, natural disasters, catastrophes, armed and interethnic conflicts;
3) minor children.
Paid social services are provided by state social services in accordance with the procedure established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Non-state social institutions provide social services on a paid basis in the manner approved by them independently.
Social security law regulates only those relations that arise in connection with the provision of free or partially paid services d. The conditions for the provision of paid services are governed by the norms of civil law.
All types of social services provided by both state (or municipal) institutions and individual entrepreneurs or commercial organizations must comply with the standards approved by the Resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2003 No.
Students need to know the grounds for the provision of social services, types of social services, the rights and obligations of subjects of social services, to be able to reveal the content of the principles of social services.

Social service of the population: concept, participants of social service. Forms and types of social services

Social services in the law of social security is an independent legal institution, has its own separate set of legal norms governing public relations for the provision of social services to various categories of citizens who are in difficult life situations and need to provide such services.

In the scientific literature, when defining the concept of social service, it is considered in two interrelated aspects: on the one hand, as an economic category, and on the other, as a legal category.

Economic science proceeds, first of all, from the fact that the services rendered in the process of social services are a kind of consumer value and therefore cannot but have a definite impact on the well-being of people.

A service is a kind of expedient activity, the useful result of which is manifested during labor and is associated with the satisfaction of any need. Services are divided into two types, which correspond to the areas of production activity. Distinguish between material services (freight transport, communications for the maintenance of production, trade, housing and public services, etc.) and intangible services (they are provided by education, health care, scientific services, art, social services, loans, insurance, etc.).

In R. Barker's Dictionary of Social Work, social services are defined as "the provision of specific social services to people to meet the needs necessary for their normal development, to people who depend on others (those who cannot take care of themselves)."

The Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services in Russian Federation"social services are defined as the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations. The concept" social services ", which are actions to help a client of a social service, that is, a citizen in a difficult life situation.

Social services are characterized by the provision of social services in kind (in kind). So, an elderly citizen who has completely or partially lost the ability to self-service needs, first of all, the provision of services to ensure his life (food, care, cleaning of living quarters, washing clothes, etc.), the provision of which he cannot organize without outside help. Besides, distinctive feature social service is that the actions to provide it are aimed not only at overcoming a difficult life situation, but also at its forecasting and prevention.

Thus, social service- these are actions aimed at meeting the needs of citizens and (or) families, performed in their interests in order to help solve problems arising in connection with a difficult life situation, as well as to predict and prevent it.

The subjects of legal relations in social services are, on the one hand, authorized bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other authorized organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in the field of social services for the population without education legal entity providing social services, on the other hand, the client of the social service is a citizen (family) who are in a difficult life situation, who are therefore provided with social services. At the same time, foreign citizens, stateless persons, including refugees, have the right to enjoy the same rights in the field of social services as citizens of the Russian Federation.

The basis for the provision of social services is the onset of specific life circumstances (legal facts), which are defined in the legislative acts on social services as a difficult life situation.

A difficult life situation is a circumstance (set of circumstances) that objectively disrupts the vital activity of a citizen (family), which (or the consequences of which) he (she) cannot overcome on his own.

In the literature, the concept of "life situations" includes a set of events significant for a person and related needs, values ​​and ideas that affect his behavior and worldview in a particular period of life. The following life situations are shared: normal (established) and problem (difficult). Difficult situations are called situations when there is a violation of the order of the flow of a person's life, and he cannot solve this or that problem without someone's help. The onset of such a situation is characterized by the following signs: violation of the current social activities; uncertainty in the course of events; the emergence of a new system of requirements for the subject; the occurrence of stressful conditions in a person.

The grounds when a citizen (family) can be recognized as being in a difficult life situation are: partial or complete loss of the ability for self-service and / or movement due to old age (women over 55 years old, men over 60 years old), illness and / or disability; orphanhood, neglect and homelessness of minors; family problems (conflicts, abuse in the family, asocial behavior of children and / or parents), the presence of HIV-infected family members, family members with a stable drug or alcohol addiction; the presence in the family of people with disabilities and / or children with disabilities; recognition of a citizen (family) as poor (poor) in the prescribed manner; lack of a certain place of residence and certain occupations, including in connection with the release from places of imprisonment; damage as a result of emergency situations, armed and interethnic conflicts, illegal actions of other persons; the consequences of an occupational injury and occupational disease; loss of a breadwinner; forced change of country permanent residence; the period of pregnancy and feeding of the child; persistent mental dependence; the consequences of violence or life-threatening situations and other circumstances.

Indeed, not always in these cases, for objective reasons, a citizen can independently, without outside help, overcome difficult life situations, which leads to the need for government intervention in order to assist in overcoming them. For example, the loss of a breadwinner cannot be compensated by the appointment of a survivor pension to a citizen. Usually a loss loved one is associated with moral suffering that a citizen cannot overcome without providing him with psychological services. The damage inflicted on a citizen as a result of emergency situations, armed and interethnic conflicts leads to the need to provide urgent social services for organizing food for the victims, providing clothing, and basic necessities.

Based on the definition of a difficult life situation, it follows that both individuals and families can be clients of the social service.

The following categories of citizens needing the provision of social services should be distinguished:

1) disabled people (including disabled children);

2) elderly citizens (men over 60 years old, women over 55 years old) who find themselves in a difficult life situation;

3) orphans, children left without parental care, neglected and street children, minors in a socially dangerous situation, children exposed to ill-treatment in the family (mental or physical abuse);

4) low-income people;

5) citizens of no fixed place of residence and occupation;

6) women who have been subjected to mental or physical violence;

7) citizens who find themselves in an extreme situation (victims of natural disasters, catastrophes, victims of armed and interethnic conflicts, refugees and internally displaced persons, etc.);

Families in need of social services include:

1) those in a socially dangerous situation (families with children in a socially dangerous situation, as well as families where parents or other legal representatives of minors do not fulfill their responsibilities for their upbringing, education and (or) maintenance and (or) negatively affect their behavior or mistreatment);

2) having in their composition orphans and children left without parental care;

3) low-income people;

4) consisting of only pensioners (families, which include the elderly and disabled, single married couples, etc.);

5) those who find themselves in an extreme situation (victims of natural disasters, refugees and internally displaced persons, etc.);

6) including children with disabilities;

7) having children with disabilities in mental, physical and mental development;

The state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are endowed with powers in the field of social services to create special services and manage the state system social services, as well as directly carry out activities in the field of social services. Thus, the disabled are provided with guarantees of employment by federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation through special events that contribute to increasing their competitiveness in the labor market; educational authorities, social protection of the population and health authorities ensure the upbringing and education of disabled children, education for disabled people in accordance with the individual rehabilitation program for the disabled.

Social services are carried out by enterprises that provide social services to the population and social service institutions, regardless of the form of ownership, which include:

1) comprehensive centers of social services for the population;

2) territorial centers of social assistance to families and children;

3) social service centers;

4) social rehabilitation centers for minors;

5) centers for helping children left without parental care;

6) social shelters for children and adolescents;

7) centers of psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population;

8) emergency centers psychological assistance by phone;

9) centers (departments) of social assistance at home;

10) overnight houses;

11) special homes for lonely elderly people;

12) inpatient social service institutions (boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, psycho-neurological boarding schools, orphanages for mentally retarded children, boarding homes for children with physical disabilities);

13) gerontological centers;

14) other institutions providing social services.

Thus, social services for the population - activities carried out by authorized bodies of state power of the Russian Federation, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other authorized organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, by citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in the field of social services to the population without forming a legal entity, but providing social services to citizens Of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation, and (or) families in need of the provision of social services to overcome a difficult life situation.

Types and functions of social services

The following types of social services are provided:

1) material assistance in the form of cash, food, sanitation and hygiene products, clothing and footwear, other essential items, fuel, special vehicles, technical means of rehabilitation for disabled people and persons in need of outside care;

2) social services at home are aimed at the maximum possible extension of the stay of elderly citizens and disabled people in their usual social environment in order to maintain their social status, as well as to protect their legal rights and interests. Home-based guaranteed services provided by the federal list include: home delivery of groceries; purchase of medicines, food and industrial essential goods; assistance in obtaining medical care, including escort to a medical institution; room cleaning; assistance in organizing legal services; assistance in organizing funeral services; other home-based services (for example, assistance in providing fuel). Medical care at home is provided to mentally ill people in remission, patients with tuberculosis (except for active tuberculosis), cancer patients.

Children with disabilities who, for health reasons, cannot attend general education institutions, are provided with home education. The Ministry of Health approves the List of Diseases, in the presence of which a disabled child has the right to receive education at home. Children with disabilities are enrolled in an educational institution at their place of residence, receive free educational, reference and other literature, are visited by pedagogical workers, undergo certification and receive a state-recognized document on the relevant education.

3) semi-stationary social services are provided by day (night) departments at municipal social service centers or social protection agencies;

4) inpatient social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social assistance to persons in need of constant outside care and supervision for health reasons.

An important place in the system of social services belongs to the territorial centers of social services for the population. Territorial social service is a set of governing bodies and specialized institutions that provide direct social services to various groups and categories of the population on the territory of the administrative units of the Russian Federation: in regions, urban and rural areas, microdistricts. The functions of managing social services for the population in the subordinate territory are carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population. Local authorities (as well as non-governmental, public, private and other organizations with a license) create social service centers. In accordance with the approximate Regulation on the Center for Social Services (order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia No. 137 of 20.07.1993). The center of social services is an institution of social protection of the population that organizes and organizes practical activities to provide different types social assistance to elderly citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who need constant outside care and support.

The main functions of social services for the population are as follows.

The function of social assistance includes: - identification, registration of families and individuals who are most in need of social support, provision of material assistance, provision of temporary housing to citizens in need; - prevention of poverty - creation of conditions for families to independently ensure their well-being, family entrepreneurship; - home-based services to families and lonely.

The consulting function involves consulting specialists: lawyers, teachers, doctors, psychologists, etc.

Through the function of social correction and rehabilitation, social, medical and psychological rehabilitation of minors with deviant behavior, neglected children and orphans is carried out.

The function of informing the population, studying and predicting social needs: means providing the client with the information necessary to resolve a difficult life situation, disseminating medical, psychological, pedagogical and other knowledge, studying the needs of their clients, their problems, developing and implementing specific measures.

In the event of natural disasters and social conflicts, social workers participate in the development of emergency programs, the formation of teams ready to come, if necessary, to the area of ​​disaster or conflict.

Social services included in the federal and territorial lists are provided to citizens free of charge, or on a partial payment basis. The regulation on the procedure and terms of payment for social services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people by state and municipal social service institutions was approved by the RF Government Decree of April 15, 1996 No. 473 (SZ RF, 1996, No. 17, Art. 2002). The following groups of the population use the services free of charge:

a) single elderly citizens (single married couples) and people with disabilities who receive a pension with allowances below the regional subsistence level;

b) elderly citizens and disabled people whose relatives, for objective reasons, cannot provide them with assistance and care, if the amount of the received pension, together with allowances, is lower than the regional subsistence minimum;

c) elderly citizens and disabled people living in families with an average per capita income below the regional subsistence minimum.

If the size of the pension, together with the allowances of the above citizens, exceeds the regional subsistence minimum, then the amount of partial payment for social services:

a) at home should not exceed 25% of the difference between the received pension and the regional cost of living;

b) in semi-stationary conditions - 50% of the difference between the received pension and the regional cost of living;

c) in stationary conditions - the amount of excess of the due pension over the regional subsistence minimum.

If the amount of the pension, taking into account the allowances, is 150% higher than the regional subsistence level, then social services are provided on a full payment basis.

The cost of services is determined based on the tariffs set for a specific region. The cost does not include the cost of providing medical care in the amount of the basic program of compulsory health insurance, getting an education within the state educational standards.

Additional grounds on which social services are provided free of charge are determined by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Services provided on a commercial basis are fully refundable.

Payment for additional social services (in excess of the guaranteed list) can be made at the expense of funds received from the sale or other alienation of property, including residential premises, securities etc. Transactions on the alienation of residential premises are made subject to the mandatory conditions: preserving the citizen's right to live for life in an alienated dwelling or providing it with another dwelling, as well as the right to material support in the form of food, care, and the necessary assistance; obtaining written consent from local social service authorities to complete the transaction.

The most important sign of the formation of the system of social services for the population is its dynamically developing infrastructure. In the Russian Federation, social services are provided by more than 6.5 thousand independent institutions and enterprises for social services of various categories of citizens, as well as more than 18 thousand structural units and services that are part of social protection bodies or social service institutions and are involved in the provision of home-based, urgent social and other services.

It is important to emphasize that social services are very closely related to the living conditions of people. It is extremely important to comply with the standards of these services if the basic everyday needs of a person are not met: the provision of water, food, shelter and clothing, the ability to use energy sources and transport, ensuring a safe existence and health care.

Therefore, it is obvious that when developing social services, it is necessary to include a provision on the obligation of the social service to coordinate its activities with other services in order to first of all satisfy the basic needs of the person.

Task number 2

Describe the main stages of working with letters of citizens

All written requests are accepted centrally in one place. After checking the correctness of delivery, the letters are opened, while the envelopes are not destroyed, since the stamp on it can be evidence of the date of receipt of the document. In addition, the address of the author of the appeal, which is to be answered, is often written only on the envelope. Therefore, the envelope is kept together with the document until the end of the solution of the issue and will be filed into the file.

On the document itself, in the lower right corner, the registration stamp of the institution that received the appeal is affixed, which contains the date of its receipt and the start of work with it in this institution. Sometimes it may not coincide with the date on the envelope, since the latter is affixed by the post office, which does not always deliver the letter to the addressee on the same day. Therefore, it is from the date indicated in the registration stamp that the period for the execution of the appeal begins. In addition to the date, the registration stamp also indicates the registration index of the proposal, application, complaint, which consists of the initial letter of the author's surname and serial number received appeal.

Applications can be accompanied by various reference materials in originals or copies. They must be fastened together with the appeal so that they do not get confused in the process of work. This concludes the first stage of working with appeals.

After the initial processing, all applications are submitted for registration, which is maintained in a single form in the manner prescribed by the standard regulation. Registration of this category of documents in addition to common tasks registration - accounting, control and reference work - is also legal evidence that they are accepted for consideration in this institution. It is recommended to register on cards or on a computer, and only in cases where an institution, enterprise or organization receives an insignificant number of documents from the population, it is possible to leave a journal registration form.

The essence of registration is an entry on the card of the main search characteristics of the document and information about the applicant. The number of copies of the registration and control cards to be filled out is determined based on the needs of the organization of control over the execution and reference work on appeals. Most often, these are 2-3 copies: the 1st one is for the control card index, the 2nd one is for the reference card index, the third one is sent along with the document to the contractor. However, before proceeding with the registration, it is determined by the alphabetical card index or the alphabet book, whether this appeal is repeated.

An appeal is deemed to be repeated if it has been received from the same person on the same issue if the period for their consideration established by the legislation has expired since the time the first proposal, application or complaint was submitted, or the applicant was not satisfied with the response from the first appeal.

The repeated application during the initial processing receives the next registration index, since the gross accounting of all incoming documents is kept. However, in the registration card, when registering a repeated appeal, all the signs of the first document are indicated, that is, its number and date. On the very repeated reference in the upper right corner and on its registration and control card, a mark “repeated” is made by hand or with a special stamp.

The model provision also provides for such a case when a citizen sent the same proposal, application or complaint simultaneously to several addressees, and they were ultimately redirected to one institution, organization or enterprise, which can resolve the issue on the merits. All these appeals, which ended up in one place, must be counted under one registration index of the first received document with the addition of a serial number. For example, B - 194 /, B-194/2, B-194/3, etc. The registered document is reported to the head or his deputy for making a decision.

The legislative and regulatory acts provide for the option when the received appeal does not at all belong to the competence of the institution, organization, enterprise that received it. In this case, the employee responsible for this category of documents must be sent for consideration to the competent authority or the applicant no later than within five days. In the response letter, an explanation is given where he should send his appeal.

If the appeal raises questions that require decisions from different competent authorities, the head of the organization who received the appeal considers the issue within his competence, and informs the relevant organizations about the content of other issues within the established time frame.

In all cases of sending documents to other organizations, applicants are notified of this within five days from the date of receipt of the document. In the event that the head immediately in the process of considering the document can solve the question raised in it, he reflects his decision in a resolution, which is essentially the answer. On its basis, a response letter to the applicant is drawn up.

If the question only requires clarification, the head in the resolution indicates the executor and the deadline for writing a response explanatory document. All instructions from the head on the procedure for reviewing the document and execution are transferred to the registration and control card. Each decision made upon the appeal of citizens, first of all, should be based on the requirements of specific laws, a comprehensive study of the circumstances and reasons that gave rise to criticism.

Most often, in order to make an informed decision on the appeal, it is necessary to collect the necessary information and reference material, send a request to places, demand an explanation from the perpetrators, send a document for verification to the subordinate authorities, organize a visit to the place of the responsible employee.

Persons whose participation may affect the objective resolution of the issues raised in the document should not be involved in the consideration of applications. The entire process of considering citizens' appeals is subject to mandatory control.

The deadlines for the execution of requests are determined depending on the complexity of the questions raised in them. It is established as the maximum monthly period for the resolution of complaints, applications and proposals in all bodies. Applications and complaints that do not require additional study and verification are resolved immediately, but no later than 15 days from the date of receipt. In cases where it is necessary to conduct a special check and request additional materials in order to make decisions on a complaint or application, it is allowed, as an exception, to extend the deadlines for no more than one month with a notification about this to the person who submitted the application or complaint. To resolve the applications and complaints of servicemen and their family members, shorter periods were established: in the central authorities and administration up to 15 days, in local authorities, in enterprises and institutions - without delay, but no later than 7 days. The practice of work has confirmed the optimality of the established deadlines for working with citizens' documents. These deadlines continue to be adhered to today.

Control over the timely resolution of the documents under consideration is entrusted to the officials, who are obliged to ensure the timely, correct and complete consideration of applications and the execution of decisions taken on the basis of citizens' applications.

The standard provision specifies in a special paragraph that letters from citizens sent to state bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations, to various addressees, demanding to report the results of consideration of proposals, applications, complaints, are taken under special control. On all copies of registration and control cards and on proposals, statements and complaints, the stamp "CONTROL" or the control mark "K" is affixed. Proposals, statements and complaints of citizens, to which intermediate answers are given, are not removed from control.

Control over the execution is carried out according to the registration and control cards, which are put in the control card index according to the deadlines. A control card index based on citizens' appeals is organized and built in the same way as a control deadline card index based on other administrative documents.

All movement of the controlled document, its transfer from the performer to the performer is marked on the card indicating not only the surname of the performer, but also the date of transfer of the document to him. The appeal is removed from control only after the actual implementation of the decision made on it, about which a note is made in the control and registration card. The order to remove from control is given by the person who made the decision on this document.

A computer is successfully used to organize control over the execution of proposals, applications and complaints of citizens. The number of documents that can be controlled using a computer is practically unlimited. The speed of input and output of information into the computer provides for the receipt of operational data on the progress of the execution of documents before the expiration of the deadline, which makes it possible to carry out preventive, preventive control, to ensure the execution of documents on schedule. Reminders can be received at any programmed frequency, the computer, if necessary, can summarize and analyze for a certain period of time the work of individual performers and structural units for the execution of citizens' requests.

Data entry into the memory of the computer by reference is carried out from the keyboard. On the screen, you can rebuild summaries of the progress of complaints and statements on various aspects and receive required amount copies on printing devices. The dialogue with the computer is conducted by an employee working with this category of documents. The automated system "ACS - application" contributes to ensuring high performance discipline, timely execution of citizens' requests.

There are standard programs for monitoring the timing of the execution of a document on personal electronic computers (PC) and standard programs for monitoring and reference work with citizens' appeals.

One of important milestones work with citizens' appeals is the organization of information and reference work on them. Simultaneously with the placement of one copy of the registration on the control card in the deadline card index, another copy of the card is placed in the reference card index, built in alphabetical order of the names of the applicants. Using this card index, you can always give an answer to a request from a citizen or institution about the status of consideration of a candy appeal. It is much more convenient to conduct reference work with an automated system, which makes it possible to make inquiries on any document details.

The results of solving the issue raised in the appeal are communicated to the applicant. The answers must be comprehensive, in accordance with applicable law. If the specific implementation of the decision is entrusted to any other body, it is taken under control and the author of the appeal is informed about this, indicating the position of the person who is entrusted with control over the implementation of the decision. The decision taken by the solely competent official is communicated to the author of the appeal on behalf of the body to which the official is subordinate. The decision made by the collegial body is communicated to the author of the appeal with reference to the number and date of this decision, or in the form of an extract from the decision or minutes. Decisions on the refusal of positive satisfaction of the issues raised in the appeal are also communicated in writing. In this case, the refusal must be reasoned, the reasons and grounds for the refusal are indicated with reference to the current legislation and decisions of the competent authorities.

The secretary in charge of office work on citizens' appeals is obliged to systematically analyze this category of documents. Periodically (once a month or quarter), analytical reviews or statements are compiled, which reflect the issues on which the applications were submitted, their number on each issue, the number of positive and negative decisions... In addition, the certificates indicate; how many applications were resolved on time, how many were overdue and why. Such an analysis serves to identify the reasons giving rise to the violation of the rights and interests of citizens, to study public opinion, to improve the work of state bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations.

On each document after the final decision and execution, the inscription "GETS" is made and the personal signature of the official who made this decision is put.

According to the requirements Model provision suggestions, applications, complaints must be returned after their permission to employees who are conducting office work on applications with all materials related to them and a copy of the registration and control card for the centralized formation of the case and file cabinet. The formation and storage of cases with executors is prohibited.

The employee who maintains the current storage of appeals forms them into cases, separately from the general correspondence. At the same time, along with the appeal, a copy of the answer and all documents related to this issue collected in the course of its consideration are filed, i.e. each appeal forms an independent group in the case. Within the case, these groups of documents on applications are usually arranged by the names of the applicants in alphabetical order. If the institution enters a large number of appeals of citizens, then each case is started according to one or more initial letters of the names of the applicants. For example, "Proposals, statements, complaints of citizens on the letter" A "," B "," C ", etc. If there are few requests, they can be grouped into one or two cases. Collective letters are concentrated in a separate case. Moreover, proposals, statements and complaints of citizens on the work of organizations are grouped separately from appeals on personal matters. social service population complaint

With a small number of calls, they can be arranged in cases and in chronological order. Additional materials that have appeared on the issue related to the appeal or repeated appeal are attached to the first group of materials. Only executed documents are grouped into cases. The cover of the case with proposals, statements and complaints of citizens is drawn up in the prescribed form.

Completed cases with proposals, applications and complaints of citizens are stored in institutions, organizations and enterprises for reference and other purposes. Responsibility for their safety, as well as for the safety of all documents, is borne by their leaders. The storage periods for this category of documents are indicated in the articles of the List of standard documents formed in the activities of state committees, ministries, departments and other institutions, organizations, enterprises, indicating the storage periods.

As can be seen from the listed articles of the list, ordinary appeals of a personal and secondary nature, which constitute the overwhelming majority of this category of documents, are stored for 5 years, but sentences that are interesting for history and have practical significance will be stored permanently. All cases with appeals that have a permanent storage period are transferred one year after the completion of office work on them to the archive of the institution, and then to the state archive.

Preparation of proposals, statements and complaints of citizens and submission to the archive includes: registration of cases, examination of the value of the document, drawing up inventories. Depending on the storage period, full or partial registration of cases is carried out. The processing of cases is the responsibility of a person, usually a secretary, who is responsible for working with proposals, applications and complaints from citizens.

Bibliography

1. Zimnukhova A.V. Social services for elderly citizens and disabled people // Social. Job. - 2009. - No. 1. - S. 39-41.

2. Nesterova G.F. Technologies of social work with elderly people and disabled people / G.F. Nesterova, S.S. Lebedeva, S.V. Vasiliev. - M.: Academy: Mosk. textbooks, 2011 .-- 320 p.

3. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: study guide. manual for university students / M-vo education Ros. Federation, Magnitog. state un-t; [V.A. Vladimirtsev and others]. - Magnitogorsk: Magnitogorsk Publishing House. state University, 2001 .-- 69 p.

4. Pikalov I.M. Organization of social services and life of older people in a boarding house // Social service worker. - 2011. - No. 10. - S. 25-27.

5. Sokolova V.F. Theory and practice of rehabilitation of elderly citizens: textbook. allowance / V.F. Sokolova, E.A. Beretskaya; Grew up. acad. education, NOU VPO "Moscow Psychological and Social Institute". - M.: Flint: NOU VPO "MPSI", 2012. - 194 p.

6. Social adaptation and social rehabilitation of the elderly and disabled: an integrated approach: collection of articles. scientific. Art. / under total. ed. MM. Gladkova. - Balashov: Nikolaev, 2009 .-- 76 p.

7. Constitution of the Russian Federation;

8. Office work (Documentation management): textbook for universities. M.: UNITY-DANA, 2000.359 p;

9. Kuznetsova T.V., Mosyagina O.V., Ovchinnikova N.V. Organization and documentation of work with proposals, applications and complaints of citizens. Study guide. M.: RGGU, 1992.74 p;

10. Rybakov A.E. Clarifications on issues related to citizens' appeals // Secretary-assistant. - 2004. - No. 8 (35). - P.34-38.

Social services are part of the social protection system for the population.

Social services are social activities aimed at meeting the social needs of various categories of the population.

It is the process of providing social services to the population.

The Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" in Article 1 emphasizes that "social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations. "

The Law reveals the main content of the types of social services: material assistance, social services at home, in stationary conditions, social patronage of citizens, etc.

The Federal Law "On social services for elderly and disabled citizens" stipulates that "social services are activities to meet the needs of these citizens in social services."

The Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" states that "social services are enterprises and institutions, regardless of ownership, providing social services, as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in social services to the population without forming a legal entity."

Two groups of functions of the social service system are recognized:

1. Essential-active functions (preventive, social-rehabilitation, adaptation, security-protective, social patronage).

2. Moral and humanistic functions (personal and humanistic, social and humanistic).

So, social services for the population include types, types, methods, organizational forms, procedures, technologies, subjects and objects of social services, the result of the provision of social services.

The system of social services is developing in the Russian Federation, social services are provided by more than 12 thousand institutions - stationary, semi-stationary and non-stationary. Now there are more than a thousand inpatient institutions of various types: 406 boarding schools (boarding houses) for war and labor veterans, 442 neuropsychiatric boarding schools, 30 special boarding houses for people with antisocial behavior who have served a sentence for crimes, 151 boarding schools for the mentally retarded children, etc.

Various services are being created and developed: psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and psychological, psychological, medical and social, social and leisure, vocational guidance, rehabilitation, etc.

Along with the formation of a network of social service institutions, there are problems of professionalism and high morality as indispensable qualities of workers of social services. The development of a network of social service institutions meets certain difficulties: 1.

Weak legal framework. 2.

Limited financial resources. 3.

Lack of coordination of activities of ministries and departments in the field of social services. 4.

Lack of professional training of personnel.

The state and forecast of the development of the network

social service institutions for families and children

Name Report Assessment Forecast 1994 1997 1998 1999 2000 2005 Territorial Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children Social and Rehabilitation Center for Minors Center for Helping Children Left without Parental Care Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents with Disabilities Social Shelter for Children and Adolescents Center for Psychological and Pedagogical assistance to the population Center for emergency psychological assistance by phone Others

institutions

Note. The numerator is the number of institutions, the denominator is the number of employees.

We need clear state support for the development of the material and technical base of social service institutions, the construction of new types of institutions.

The condition for the effective operation of social service institutions is their legal support and the mechanism of legal regulation of social services.

Signs of legal support: 1.

Unified set of federal laws. 2.

Legal acts, including the norms of legal provision of social services. 3.

By-laws and regulations. 4.

Normative regulation of the activities of social services. 5.

Legal acts for the protection of customer rights. 6.

High level of legal awareness of the population and workers of social services, etc.

There is a need for legal regulation of the social service management system. In the Russian Federation, a collection of normative acts "Organization of social services for the population" has been prepared, collections of normative legal acts have been published for various categories of the population.

At the federal level, there are two main types of documents:

1. Laws as acts with supreme legal force (Constitution of Russia, Federal Laws).

2. By-laws (decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders, instructions of ministries and departments).

In modern Russia, the formation of a legal basis for social services for the population is taking place. First of all, this is the implementation of federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.

A legal framework is being created for specialists of social services, which allows them to successfully solve the assigned tasks of social support for people who find themselves in difficult life situations.

Social services for the population are considered as: 1)

modern paradigm of social work; 2)

highly effective social technology that allows to provide effective social support to citizens in a difficult socio-economic situation that objectively disrupts the life of a person or a social group; 3)

a fundamentally important sector of the social sphere.

The possibility of providing social services to the population in the conditions of modern Russia becomes real and tangible as the network of territorial social services is organized and developed and the teams of social workers are quickly formed.

Not all countries in the world have the same understanding of social services.

Often, this term has different meanings. For example, in Finland, the Social Services Act refers to social services as “a set of social services, livelihood support, social benefits and related activities that are designed to strengthen social security and contribute to the development of an individual, family, community” 1 ...

In R. Barker's Dictionary of Social Work, social services are interpreted as the provision of specific social services to meet the needs necessary for their normal development to people who depend on others and who cannot take care of themselves ”2.

In modern domestic literature there is no sufficiently deep substantiation of the structure and functions of territorial complexes of social services.

Social services for the population as a system is characterized not just by the sum of institutions with the dynamics of their development in certain territories of the Russian Federation, but by a set of such components as: a certain order of interaction between bodies and institutions of social services, interdepartmental interconnection, consistent and reasonable actions of all institutions aimed at supporting various segments of the population; financial, economic and material and technical support for the activities of institutions that provide social services to the population; multilevel scientific, methodological and personnel support for the activities of territorial social services; the degree of formation of the regulatory framework that creates the necessary conditions for the formation and development of social services; correlation of efforts aimed at the development of social services, and the results of social services, expressed primarily in the degree of satisfaction of clients of social services, the effectiveness of social services.

A new understanding of the essence of social services for the population was introduced by the federal laws "On the fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation" and "On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people", adopted in 1995.

In the Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" in Art. 1 emphasizes that "social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations" ... An important role is played by the articles of the Law, which reveal the main content of the types of social services - material assistance, social services at home, social services in inpatient conditions, provision of temporary shelter, organization day stay in social service institutions, counseling, social patronage of citizens and families, etc.

The Federal Law "On Social Services for the Elderly and Disabled Citizens" significantly supplements and concretizes our ideas about social services for individuals. social groups our society. It is intended to regulate relations in the field of social services for elderly and disabled citizens, which is one of the areas of social protection of the population. At the same time, the Law defines its subject as follows: "Social services are activities to meet the needs of these citizens in social services." Social services include a set of social services that are provided to elderly citizens and people with disabilities at home and in social service institutions, regardless of ownership.

Social services are based on the following principles: targeting, accessibility, voluntariness, humanity, priority of providing social services to minors, the elderly and disabled people in difficult life situations; confidentiality; preventive focus; observance of human and civil rights; continuity of all types of social services.

Social services are social activities carried out primarily through a network of social services that interact with each other to provide social services to clients.

Therefore, from a methodological point of view, it is of cognitive and practical interest to understand the essence of such a concept as "social services". There are, on the one hand, family services, social and medical assistance services, psychological assistance services, social security services, legal aid services, education services, environmental services, employment services, social services for helping children and youth, on the other, territorial social services ( interdepartmental), municipal, etc.

In the Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" the concept of "social service" is included in the number of basic ones. "Social services are enterprises and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership, providing social services, as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in social services to the population without forming a legal entity."

The essence of social services as a social system is revealed by identifying and understanding: the structure of types, forms and methods of social services; the structure of social services and individual institutions of social services to the population; subsystems and elements of the system of territorial and departmental social services (state, municipal, public, church, private and others); social service organizations (institutions and enterprises); social service management; resource provision of social services (property, financial, personnel, scientific and methodological, informational).

On the present stage the socio-economic and political situation in Russia is unstable, which is the reason for an increase in the number of citizens in need of state support. The solution to these issues is carried out by social services. The principles of operation of this system meet the latest standards for organizing various forms of assistance and have been formulated taking into account the specifics of the emerging

Factors in the development of the sphere of social services

The concept and services have been repeatedly changed and transformed, as various approaches to the consideration of these issues have appeared. With the development of statehood and civil society, they have become much more complex and expanded. However, the principles of this work as an activity took shape back in the nineteenth century, therefore, relatively recently, the organization of assistance to people in need has acquired such a form as social services. The principles were formed under the influence of the philosophical, sociological, economic paradigms of social work. At the present stage, their content also meets the requirements of the legislation.

A new stage in the development of the Russian social assistance system began after the events of 1991.

Social services: definition and legal framework

The domestic sphere of state aid to the needy population is being reformed and improved everywhere. The concept and services not only characterize the rule-making activity of the state in many ways, but also reflect the directions of social policy in relation to the vulnerable layers of society.

The clients of social services are citizens who have found themselves in a difficult life situation. This term refers to a situation (illness, disability, single motherhood, unemployment, old age, etc.) that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen, which cannot be overcome on his own.

The concept and principles of social services for the population determine the specifics of the organization. new law"On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation", which determined the economic, social and legal grounds and the procedure for organizing this type of activity. In addition, powers were re-established that fall within the competence of state authorities and regional authorities in the field of servicing citizens and providing them with qualified social assistance. At the same time, the rights and obligations of recipients of social services were approved. They included both persons who have Russian citizenship and foreigners who do not have this status, but who reside permanently on the territory of the country, for example, refugees. That is, any citizen legally recognized as needing social assistance can be a recipient of services.

The new legislation has established the concept, principles, forms of social services. It is a purposeful activity to provide a whole range of social services to various categories of citizens in need. A social service is understood as an action or actions provided on a permanent, periodic, one-time basis to improve living conditions or increase the ability to independently resolve life's difficulties.

Of course, social services have a completely different meaning in other countries. The principles, forms of work with the population in our country and abroad are determined by the territorial, economic, cultural and other characteristics of a particular state or region.

The structure of social service bodies

Today Russia has developed multilevel system, consisting of forms and technologies of work, institutions, organizations that provide social services. The principles must be adhered to by each supplier implicitly and regardless of agency affiliation.

The state social service system is complex and includes:

• at the federal level, whose task is to develop and implement the provisions of state policy and legal regulation in the field of social services;
• the state authority at the regional level, which is authorized to implement the state guarantees of social assistance adopted by the legislation;
• directly organizations and institutions of social services to the population, which are under the jurisdiction of federal, regional and local executive authorities;
• non-profit and commercial (non-governmental) organizations that have the right (permission) to provide social services to citizens in need;
• individual entrepreneurs specializing in social services.

The law also defines the subjects (suppliers) and objects (recipients) who participate in the process and have the legal right to affordable social services. The principles, the procedure for organizing the work of public institutions are developed taking into account the regional characteristics of the subject of Russia. The clients of social services are most often people with disabilities, pensioners, single-parent families and large families, military personnel, and the unemployed.

Changes taking place at the state level have a direct impact on social services for the population. The principles, types, functions should demonstrate the effectiveness of work in emergency situations and in multitasking conditions.

Main functions of the system

Researchers of the foundations of social work have identified two main groups of functions that relate to social services:

1) essential-activity preventive, adaptive, social-rehabilitation, security-protective);

2) moral and humanistic (personal and socio-humanistic).

They manifest themselves at the macro and micro levels of social services. The optimal operation of elements and subsystems of social services is directly related to their practical implementation.

It should be noted that the functions and principles of social services apply not only to one recipient, but also to a group of people united by a common problem. That is, this activity is carried out at both the individual and group levels.

Principles for the provision of social services

The principles of social services for the population are characterized as comprehensive, integrated, acting in the interests of the recipients of services. The basis of work with citizens from vulnerable layers of the population are provisions on the observance of the rights and freedoms of each person, respect for him as an individual, it does not allow insults to the dignity and honor of a person, pursues a humane attitude towards clients.

The fundamental principles of the provision of social services are:

• Free and equal access of a citizen of any age, gender, language, religion, nationality, beliefs, place of residence, membership in public associations permitted in the state. From this it follows that the principles of social service guarantee those in need the same opportunities to receive the necessary services.
• Targeted provision of all types of social assistance, that is, a complex of social services should be carried out taking into account the needs of a particular client, his internal resources.
• Social service providers should be close to the recipient's area of ​​residence, the required number of providers to ensure customer satisfaction, and the optimal number of human, financial, informational and other social service providers' capabilities.
• Maximum preservation of the client's usual favorable environment;
• Voluntary start.
• Confidentiality of work: the social service provider undertakes to store and not disclose personal data about the client, personal information and other information. In addition, it is not allowed to disclose confidential, proprietary information. Violation of this principle entails bringing the perpetrator to justice, as provided for by Russian law. Only after receiving the written consent of the recipient (legal representative) of social services is it allowed to transfer, copy information by other persons in the interests of the recipient. However, there are legal grounds that allow you to violate the principle of confidentiality and request information: a request from the authorities of the court, investigation, inquiry and others in connection with the conduct of court proceedings and other procedures, when processing on the portal of public services or other portals in accordance with the law.

When organizing work with a client, all the principles of social services for the population should be involved. Thus, it would be appropriate to assert an integrated approach to organizing relief activities.

It should be noted that the principles of social services for citizens are taken into account in the development of state standards and administrative regulations for the provision of services to those in need at all levels: from a federal department to a local institution.

Guaranteed rights for recipients of social services

The principles of the law of social services reflect the level of humanity of the state and society in relation to citizens in need.

Social service clients are entitled to:

• respect and humane treatment;
• receiving, on a free and accessible basis, information about their own rights and obligations, types, terms, procedure, conditions, tariffs for rendering services in the institution, in addition, the client can always get information about the service provider, about the possibility of receiving assistance free of charge;
• citizens have the right to an independent and voluntary choice of an institution to which they can be provided with the necessary service;
• to refuse the service;
• guarantee of protection of legal rights and interests;
• ensuring the social and hygienic requirements of the conditions of stay and proper care in social service institutions;
• free visit of the recipient by legal representatives, notaries, lawyers and other persons during the evening and daytime;
• the right of social support.

The specified rights by the client cannot be violated, otherwise the consumer has legal grounds to seek clarifications from higher authorities or send a statement of claim to the court.

Obligations of recipients

The responsibilities of each client are also spelled out in the regulatory documents, that is, any recipient of a social service must:

• provide documents and information that are necessary for the provision of social services;
• promptly inform the provider about changes in personal data or circumstances affecting the process of providing assistance;
• not to violate the terms of the service agreement, which include timely and full payment, if any;
• not to violate the generally accepted rules and norms of behavior in society, discipline in the institution.

Due to violation of one or several rules, the social service has the right to temporarily suspend work with the client or completely refuse the requested service.

It also provides for the rights and obligations of suppliers. Each of them is obliged to fully provide a set of requested services, to carry out this work in a timely manner, in accordance with the legislation and existing regulations.

Conditions for the provision of social assistance

The institutionalized principles of social services affect the way in which all types of assistance are provided. The basis is a personal statement of the client (legal representative), submitted to the institution, or an appeal to state and local authorities, within the framework of the organization of interdepartmental interaction.

On a gratuitous basis, social services can be provided to persons affected by man-made, natural disasters and other emergencies, during interethnic and armed conflicts, as well as to children under 18 years of age.

The application is considered within the time limits established by the regulations, after which the institution carries out the procedure for recognizing the applicant as needing social assistance. If the supplier refuses to provide the required service to the client, the latter has the right to appeal the decision in court.

The basic principles of social services also serve as a criterion for assessing the performance of service providers. If they are met, then the solution to customer problems is at a high level.

Financing the social services sector

The sources of financing for the system of social services for the population include budgetary funds (federal, regional, local levels of government); voluntary donations or charitable contributions; payment by citizens for social services provided to them; funds from entrepreneurial activities or other sources that are not prohibited by law.

Forms and types of social services

In fact, social services are an irreplaceable part of the social sphere. The concept, principles, types constitute its content.

The main forms of providing social services are:

• home service;
• semi-stationary service, that is, services are provided only at certain times of the day;
• inpatient service, namely: customer service is carried out permanently or temporarily, five days a week in conditions of permanent residence in the institution.

However, in normative document it was not only the principles that were legitimized. The types of social services imply a wide range of measures designed to solve a complex of consumer problems.

Social protection institutions provide clients with the following types of services:

• social, providing assistance in the household sphere of the client in the process of life;
• social and medical, which are aimed at maintaining and preserving the health of the recipient of the service by organizing proper care for him, providing support in health-improving activities, organizing monitoring of the state of health and general well-being to prevent the occurrence of deviations;
• social and psychological services provide for correctional assistance in the process of adaptation to new social conditions, as well as the provision of emergency assistance in difficult life situations by telephone hotline;
• socio-pedagogical, the purpose of which is the prevention of deviations in the development of personality, the reinforcement of positive interests, teaching the correct forms of organizing leisure activities; assistance to any family in matters of raising children;
• social and labor workers are designed to assist in the client's employment and help him cope with the problems that have arisen at the station of adaptation to the workplace;
• social and legal provide for the provision of legal assistance, protection of the rights and interests of the recipient;
• services aimed at improving the communication skills of a client with disabilities;
• various types of urgent social services: provision of food kits or hot meals; clothes and shoes; essentials; assistance in finding temporary housing; provision of emergency psychological assistance; issuance of one-time financial assistance; legal advice and other services.

Citizens in need, if necessary, can be provided with assistance that is not related to social services, otherwise - social support.

The degree of complexity, the duration of the provision of services, the level of their adequacy and compliance with the requirements are at the heart of the criteria for the effectiveness of social services in relation to various categories of citizens. Compliance with legislative norms, the code of ethics and local regulations will make social services of high quality, the result of their action - effective, which together will help reduce social tension in society.

A country's society is not considered prosperous if its citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations are not able to receive social protection and assistance. Development and financing various types social services are no less important in achieving the well-being of the country than the growth of the economic, scientific, health, educational and cultural fields.

In Russia, the list of social services for the disabled and the elderly is guaranteed by the 1995 Federal Law and was revised in 2004. But it should not be assumed that social support applies to services only for disabled citizens, namely: disabled people in need and pensioners. In modern legislation, the categories of people who have the right to social services have been significantly expanded. This means that the nature and form, the list of types of social services aimed at supporting the population in need has changed.

Main types

Social services as one of the most important factors of social protection of the population of the Russian Federation currently have nine main types, which should contribute to the practical solution of difficult situations in the life of society as a whole, individual families and individuals. Here is a list of the types of services:

1. Stationary.
2. Semi-stationary (day and night presence departments).
3. Home-based service.
4. Providing temporary shelter.
5. Social rehabilitation.
6. Urgent service.
7. Material help.
8. Social counseling.
9. Social patronage.

It is necessary to consider in more detail what kind of assistance each of these types of services provides to clients of social centers, as well as which of the needy citizens has the right to use them.

Inpatient service

Stationary social types of social services mean the round-the-clock stay of citizens in need in institutions specially equipped for this purpose. Such institutions are intended for people who are fully or partially incapable of self-service and (or) movement, in need of outside care, household services, constant supervision, medical assistance, namely:

• pensioners;
• veterans;
• disabled people (both adults and children);
• citizens with physical or mental disabilities;
• orphans and minors who find themselves in difficult life situations or deprived of guardianship.

Institutions of stationary types of social services differ in purpose; stay in them can be temporary or permanent. There is a general type of boarding school, where citizens of retirement age, disabled adults (first, second group), who are fully or partially incapable of self-service, are admitted.

For minors, institutions of a general type are provided, where orphans, children without permanent or temporary parental care or who find themselves in a difficult life situation for the child are sent.

Children's inpatient institutions can be specialized, intended for minors with physical disabilities, mental disorders, disabled people. Psychoneurological boarding schools for adults also belong to similar types of social service institutions.

Home Service

One of the forms of social support is implemented in relation to the disabled and pensioners, who are able to carry out at least the necessary self-service actions. When these people do not have an urgent need to move to permanent institutions, social services workers provide assistance to clients in their usual everyday environment, that is, at home.

The types of social services of this kind mean first-aid medical assistance, services of various household and hygienic nature, and food delivery.

At home, assistance is also provided to people who, according to the list of contraindications, cannot be placed in inpatient institutions, but depend on outside care.

Specialized regional centers are obliged to their clients:

• provide timely medical assistance;
• organize the delivery of food;
• assist in the acquisition of medicines;
• organize escort to medical institutions;
• help maintain hygienic conditions;
• assist in obtaining legal and legal services;
• assist in the implementation of funeral services.

Semi-stationary service establishments

Semi-stationary social service refers to the forms and types of services that are also carried out in special institutions, but not constantly, but at a certain time of the day. This service applies to disabled people and retirees who are able to actively move around and take care of themselves, to children who are in difficult psychological, physical and material circumstances.

In these institutions, social service workers provide types of services to citizens in the following form:

• provide hot meals, sleeping place with clean bed and other living conditions, as well as basic conditions for leisure;
• help to get vouchers for sanatorium treatment, measures of medical and recreational and rehabilitation nature, to achieve prosthetics;
• organize conditions for sanitary and hygienic actions;
• provide the help of a psychologist;
• assist in obtaining vocational training, education, employment;
• help to get legal services;
• provide assistance with funeral services.

Also in the Russian Federation there are semi-stationary overnight facilities. They provide lodging, the necessary first aid, free one-time meals, hygiene products and other social services to citizens who do not have any definite employment and housing, as well as those who have recently been released from prison. Employees of social centers also help the latter to restore documents, social ties with relatives and rights to housing.

Temporary shelter establishments

Unlike semi-permanent establishments that work only at certain times of the day, social hotels, shelters and specialized adaptation centers provide clients of social services with a temporary round-the-clock shelter and some other types of services.

A temporary shelter is, first of all, necessary for children who find themselves homeless: orphans; children deprived of parental care; victims of domestic violence; find themselves in situations that are difficult for the child. A special program of social service principles is organized for these children.

For the types of social services for minors in temporary shelters, the range of services and activities is much wider than for adults. In addition to comfortable housing, food, medical care, hygienic conditions and organized leisure activities, children receive assistance from teachers, teachers, psychologists, legal and legal representatives. Such shelters act as centers for social rehabilitation for children. They help to arrange the future fate of minors, thereby preventing child homelessness.

Also, a temporary shelter with food, good housing and living conditions is provided to disabled people, pensioners who are able to move around and at least partially serve themselves.

These types of social services are used by people who need supervision, but are temporarily deprived of the care of their relatives because of the illness of the guardians, their leave on vacation, business trips and other reasons for absence.

Temporary shelters can be used by people who have become victims of violence, natural disasters, military conflicts, homeless people and other citizens.

Material help

Speaking about the types of social services, the population receives them mainly in the form of long-term services. Material assistance is of a short-term or one-time nature and is provided to poor and needy citizens who find themselves in a difficult situation, such as, for example, the consequences of a natural or social disaster.

Material support can be expressed in the form of money, as well as items of clothing, footwear, warm and children's clothes, hygiene, transport and technical means, fuel and others.

Urgent social services

This is a one-time assistance that citizens receive in specialized social service departments. The forms and types of urgent support are used, first of all, by the disabled and the elderly. A much smaller percentage is made up of single citizens, large and single-parent families, unemployed, homeless, fire victims, refugees and other people.

Anyone in need who has a difficult life situation can count on urgent one-time assistance. To do this, you need to submit an application to the department of the CSO and attach a document that confirms the minimum income or gives the right to receive social assistance.

Emergency departments can, on a one-time basis, provide clothes, warm clothes, items that are necessary in the first place, grocery rations or hot food, provide elementary or organize emergency medical care, assist in employment, legal and other consultations.

Cash assistance in urgent social support departments is provided when small amounts are needed by citizens, for example, to obtain or restore documents and other similar actions.

Social counseling

No less than material, in the work of social centers, advisory support to clients is important, which consists in the following types of assistance:

• informational;
• psychological;
• pedagogical;
• legal.

Contact information (in direct communication with a specialist), as well as written and remote (by phone) consulting assistance is provided in almost every institution of social services.

In addition, information and psychological support can be obtained through one of the 300 hotlines operating in the country. And this practice continues to spread.

Who is using social service advisory activities and why? People with disabilities and retirees who find it difficult to adapt to certain changes and their living conditions. The work of social counseling centers is to identify among this category of people those who need psychological support, legal counseling, work in the family in order to weaken social tension, to ensure correct contact and favorable relations of the individual with his family and society.

People with disabilities can get the most full information regarding education, vocational training and employment. Pensioners are more likely to ask for help with paperwork and advice on retirement benefits and benefits, judicial protection of their rights and other issues.

Social counseling support also covers other categories of citizens in need: large families, single-parent and disadvantaged families, women, children, the unemployed and homeless.

Rehabilitation services

Social rehabilitation is a complex process of medical, psychological, labor and professional measures aimed at:

• restoration and preservation of health;
• support for social adaptation, the most fulfilling human life in society and family;
• assistance in arranging the most favorable living conditions.

The clients of social rehabilitation services are people with disabilities, people with disabilities, pensioners who have suffered serious illnesses, juvenile delinquents, women and children who have been subjected to violence, and citizens who have found themselves in difficult situations.

For the disabled, such rehabilitation helps such people restore their social status, achieve material independence, and adapt in the family and society.

To achieve this goal, there is a special focus on the types of social services in rehabilitation departments. People with disabilities are helped to find a job, receive vocational training, if required, assist in providing mobile and vehicles, assist with prosthetics.

Social patronage

Of all types of services for the population, social patronage is aimed at monitoring special families and minors who require constant and long-term monitoring by social services, assistance in the necessary material, economic, household, medical and preventive care, as well as the participation of teachers, psychologists and representatives of the law. Such work is carried out by city or regional Centers for Supporting Children and Family, and, moreover, it is considered not a social service, but an accompaniment.

Which families and children are patronized? Those who are socially disadvantaged and dangerous situation with a tendency to reduce the ability to independently provide for basic needs and living conditions. Close attention is paid to families where parents or guardians ignore their responsibilities in relation to the maintenance, upbringing, education of minors, show cruelty towards them, or their behavior has a negative impact on the behavior of children.

Also, families who find themselves in difficult living conditions and are unable to cope with the situation on their own need social support. These are single-parent families with many children, parents raising children with disabilities, or who are themselves disabled. In each case, the ways and methods of patronage work are selected individually.

A new system of social services and security is gradually being built in the Russian Federation, which will meet current social needs. Such a system should be based on the real incomes of citizens, their pressing problems. After all, the developed social support for the most unprotected and vulnerable segments of the population reflects the economic stability of the state.