Is the male surname declining? Are male surnames declining in Russian? Do foreign male surnames decline

1.C declination of surnames ending in -ov (-ev,), -in (-yn), -skiy (-tsky),that is, the so-called standard surnames, does not cause difficulties for native speakers. You just need to remember two important rules.

A. Borrowed surnames on -ov, -in that belong foreigners, in the form of the instrumental case, have the ending oh(as nouns of the second school declension, for example table, table): the theory was proposed by Darwin, the film was directed by Chaplin, the book was written by Cronin.(Interestingly, the pseudonym is also inclined Green belonging to a Russian writer: the book is written Green.) Homonymous Russian surnames have the ending - th in the instrumental case: with Chaplin(from the dialect word chapla"heron"), with Cronin(from crown).

B. Female surnames on - ina type Currant, Pearl incline in two ways, depending on the declension of the male surname ( Irina Pearls and Irina Zhemchuzhina,Zoe Currant and Zoya Currant). If the male surname is Pearls then it is correct: arrival Irina Zhemchuzhina... If the male surname is Pearl then it is correct: arrival Irina Pearls(the surname is declined as a common noun pearl).

2. Now we turn directly to the so-called non-standard surnames. The first thing to remember: contrary to common misconception, the gender of the bearer of the surname does not always affect the inclination / non-inclination. Even less often, this is influenced by the origin of the surname. First of all, it matters which sound the surname ends in - a consonant or a vowel.

3. Let us immediately describe several groups of non-declining surnames. In modern Russian literary language do not lean Russian surnames, ending in -s, -th (like Chernykh, Dolgikh), as well as all surnames, ending in the vowels e, and, o, y, s, e, y.
Examples: notebooks of Irina Chernykh, Lydia Meye, Roman Grymau; the diploma was given to Viktor Dolgikh, Andrei Gretri, Nikolai Shtanenko, Maya Lee; meeting with Nikolai Kruchenykh and Svetlana Bussé.

Note. IN colloquial speech and in language fiction reflecting oral speech, the declension of male surnames into - oh, -th (in Chernykh's script, meeting with Kruchenykh), as well as the declension of surnames of Ukrainian origin to -ko, -enko by declension of nouns female on the -a: go to Semashka, visiting Ustimenka.

4. If the surname ends in consonant(except for surnames on -th, -th, which was mentioned above), then here - and only here! - the gender of the bearer of the surname matters. All male surnames ending in a consonant are inclined - this is the law of Russian grammar... All female surnames ending in a consonant are not declined. In this case, the linguistic origin of the surname does not matter. Male surnames that coincide with common nouns are also declined.
Examples: Mikhail Bok's notebook, diplomas issued to Alexander Krug and Konstantin Korol, meeting with Igor Shiplevich, visiting Andrei Martynyuk, daughter of Ilya Skalozub, work of Isaak Hakobyan; Anna Bok's notebook, diplomas issued to Natalia Krug and Lydia Korol, meeting with Yulia Shipelevich, visiting Ekaterina Martynyuk, daughter of Svetlana Skalozub, work by Marina Akopyan.

Note 1. Male surnames of East Slavic origin that have a fluent vowel in declension can be declined in two ways - with and without loss of a vowel: Mikhail Zayats and Mikhail Zayts, with Alexander Zhuravel and Alexander Zhuravl, Igor Gritsevets and Igor Gritsevets. In a number of sources, declination is recognized as preferable without the loss of a vowel (i.e. Hare, Zhuravel, Gritsevets), since surnames also perform a legal function. But the final choice is up to the bearer of the surname. At the same time, it is important to adhere to the selected type of declension in all documents.

Note 2. Separately, it is necessary to say about surnames ending in a consonant th. If it is preceded by a vowel and(less often - O), the surname can be declined in two ways. Surnames such as Topchy, Pobozhiy, Bokiy, Ore, can be perceived as having endings -th, -th and declension like adjectives ( Topchemu, Topchemu, in feminine Trampling, Topchey), but you can - as having a zero ending with declension similar to nouns ( Topchy, Topchy, feminine unchangeable form Topchy). If the consonant th at the end of the surname is preceded by any other vowel, the surname obeys general rules (Igor Shakhrai, Nikolai Adjubei, but Inna Shakhrai, Alexandre Adjubey).

5. If the surname ends in the vowel -i preceded by another vowel (ex: Shengelaya, Breaking, Rhea, Beria, Danelia), she leans.
Examples: notebook of Inna Shengelai, diploma issued to Nikolai Lomae, meeting with Anna Reya; crimes of Lawrence Beria, meeting with Georgy Danelia.

6. If the surname ends in a vowel -a preceded by another vowel (e.g .: Galois, Maurois, Delacroix, Moravia, Eria, Heredia, Gulia), she does not incline.
Examples: notebook Nikolai Galois, diploma issued to Irina Eria, meeting with Igor Gulia.

7. And the last group of surnames - ending in -а, -я, preceded by a consonant. Here - and only here! - the origin of the surname and the place of stress in it matter. In this case, you need to remember only two exceptions:

BUT. Do not lean French surnames with an emphasis on the last syllable: books by Alexandre Dumas, Emile Zola and Anna Gavald, goals by Diarra and Drogba.

B. Mainly do not lean Finnish surnames ending in - but unstressed: meeting with Mauno Pekkala(although a number of sources recommend declining them as well).

All other surnames (Slavic, eastern and others; ending in shock and unstressed -and I) lean... Contrary to the common misconception, surnames coinciding with common nouns are inclined as well.
Examples: notebook of Irina Groza, diploma issued to Nikolai Mukha, lecture by Elena Kara-Murza, songs by Bulat Okudzhava, the role of Igor Kvasha.

Note. There are fluctuations in the declension of Japanese surnames, but reference books note that in recent times such surnames are consistently declined: Kurosawa's films.

These are, in fact, all the main rules; apparently, there are not so many of them. Now we can refute the above misconceptions associated with the declension of surnames. So, contrary to popular belief: a) there is no rule “all Armenian, Georgian, Polish, etc. surnames are not inclined” - the declension of surnames obeys the laws of the grammar of the language, and if the final element of the surname lends itself to Russian inflection, it declines; b) the rule "male surnames are inclined, female surnames are not" applies not to all surnames, but only to those that end in a consonant; c) the coincidence of the surname in form with common nouns is not an obstacle to their declension.

It is important to remember: the last name is word and, like all words, it must obey the grammatical laws of the language. In this sense, there is no difference between sentences The certificate was issued to Ivan Hunger(instead of the correct Hunger Ivan) and The villagers suffered from hunger(instead of suffered from hunger), in both sentences - a grammatical error.

It is also important to follow the rules for declining surnames because refusing to change the cases of the declined surname can lead to misunderstandings and incidents, and disorient the addressee of speech. Indeed, let us imagine the following situation: a person with the surname Thunderstorm signed my work: article by Nikolai Groz. According to the laws of Russian grammar, a masculine surname ending in the genitive singular. numbers on - but, is restored in its original form, in the nominative case, with a zero ending, so the reader will make an unambiguous conclusion: the author's name is Nikolai Groz. Handed over to the dean's office work by A. Pogrebnyak will lead to the search for the student (Anna? Antonina? Alice?) It is necessary to follow the rules of declension of surnames for the same reason that it is necessary to follow the rules of spelling, otherwise a situation arises similar to the famous "opteka" described by L. Uspensky in "The Word of Words".

Therefore, we suggest you remember the elementary truth number 8.

Alphabet truth number 8. The declension of surnames is subject to the laws of the grammar of the Russian language. There is no rule “all Armenian, Georgian, Polish, etc. surnames are not inclined”. The declension of a surname depends first of all on which sound the surname ends in - a consonant or a vowel. The rule "male surnames incline, female surnames" does not apply to all surnames, but only to those ending inconsonant... Matching surname in form with common nouns(Fly, Hare, Sticketc.) is not an obstacle to declining them.

Russia is a multinational country, so there are many names and surnames of different origins.

We have to sign notebooks, fill out documents, while we must put our last name in a certain case and not be mistaken with the ending. This is where difficulties await us. For example, how to say correctly: “reward Lyanka Elena or Lyanka Elena, Bavtruk Timur or Bavtruk Timur, Anton Sedykh or Anton Sedogo»?

Today we will try to figure out some of the declension points of the surnames of foreign languages and Russian, male and female.

Let's begin with that most of the names of native Russians similar in form to adjectives with suffixes -sk-, -in-, -ov- (-ev-): Hvorostovsky, Veselkin, Mikhalkov, Ivanov, Tsarev. They can be either masculine or feminine, or plural. At the same time, rarely anyone will have difficulties with the declension of such surnames.

I. p. (Who? What?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovskaya, Hvorostovsky.

R. p. (Who? What?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovsky.

D. p. (To whom? What?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovsky.

V. p. (Who? What?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovskaya, Hvorostovsky.

Etc. (by whom? By what?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovsky.

P. p. (About whom? About what?) about Hvorostovsky, about Hvorostovskaya, about Hvorostovsky.

However, you need to be careful with surnames ending in a consonant letter or a soft sign. For example, Jackal, Tavgen, Korob, Great-grandfather. In this case, the declination will depend on the person of what gender the surname belongs. If it comes about a woman, then similar e surnames are non-declining, but male surnames are declined like nouns 2 declension husband. R. (like table, deer). This does not apply to surnames ending in - them (s). For example, go along with Jackal Anna and Jackal Anton, talk about Tavgen Anastasia and about Tavgené Alexandre, walk with Great-grandfather Daria and with Great-grandfather Yemelyan.

Some surnames like Child, Kravets, Zhuravel can have variable declension due to the fact that they look like common nouns... When declining nouns, it is observed vowel dropout at the end of a word(zhur flight ow me, bathe the rabbi nk a), when declining the surname, the vowel can be preserved in order to prevent distortion or comic sounding of the surname (write Zhuravel, dispatch from Child).

Do not lean male and female surnames on -th (s). Talk about Diana Sedykh and about Anton Sedykh, write Velimir Kruchenykh and Antonina Kruchenykh.

All female and male surnames ending in vowels, except -but or -I, are unwilling... For example, Artmane, Amadou, Bossuet, Goethe, Galsworthy, Gramsci, Gretry, Debussy, Dzhusoyty, Dode, Camus, Cornu, Lully, Manzu, Modigliani, Navoi, Rustaveli, Ordzhonikidze, Chabukiani, Enescu and many others.

This also includes surnames ending in -O, and surnames of Ukrainian origin on -NS... For example, Hugo, La Rochefoucauld, Leoncavallo, Longfellow, Picasso, Craft, Khitrovo, Chamisso, Makarenko, Korolenko, Gorbatko, Shepitko, Savchenko, Zhivago, Derevyago, etc.

Declination of surnames ending in -but, causes the greatest difficulties. Here it is necessary to consider several criteria: the origin of the surname, accent and letter, after which -but located. Let's try to simplify the picture as much as possible.

Surnames do not incline to -but if there is a vowel in front of this letter (most often at or and): Gulia, Moravia, Delacroix, Heredia. This also applies to surnames of Georgian origin.

Surnames do not incline to -butFrench origin with emphasis on the last syllable: Degas, Dumas, Luca, Tom, Farm, Petipa and etc.

All other surnames on -but lean in in Russian... Bring Lyanka Elena, take from Shatravka Inna, read Petrarch, together with Kurosawoy, O Glinka, for Alexander Mitta.

The situation is similar with the declension of surnames with a final -I: surnames are not inclined French origin with emphasis on the last syllable (Zola). All other surnames ending in -I are inclined. For example, persuade Ivana Golovnya and Elena Golovnya writing about Beria, movie George Danelia.

Thus, as you may have noticed, you need to know not so many rules in order to correctly inflect your surname in Russian. We hope that now you will not make mistakes when signing a notebook or filling out documents! But if you still have any doubts, please contact us. Our experts will always try to help!

Good luck and beautiful, literate, rich Russian language!

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Personal names, patronymics and surnames in Russian lean, if their endings are amenable to change in accordance with the rules of Russian inflection. Some foreign names borrowed into Russian and their final elements sometimes differ sharply from typical Russian names and their endings. Such names remain unrepentant in the literary language. Below are the rules for declension of Russian surnames, as well as personal names of representatives of other peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign citizens.

The declension of surnames in Russian is also determined by the nature of the endings and the correspondence between the grammatical gender of the word and the gender of the named. The main core of the surnames of the Russian population, as well as many other peoples of our country, are the so-called standard surnames, decorated with suffixes -ov / ev, -in / yn, -sky / skoy, -tsky / tskoy. These surnames are freely inclined according to the patterns below.

But the Russian and many other peoples have surnames that are not formalized with the appropriate suffixes. They do not bow in all cases..

The declined surnames are consonant with adjectives: Poor, Fried, Necessary, Steel, Poor... These surnames can be masculine, feminine and plural.

Non-standard surnames, consonant with nouns, often do not have masculine and feminine counterparts. Among them are the masculine words: Bull, Mustache, Neighbor, Miller, Foster, Tartar, Treasurer- and feminine words: Friday, Fate, Winter, Pen, Beauty, Goose, Crow, Cook... Both belong to both men and women and declined according not to gender, but to the gender of the speaker.

There are even surnames that are consonant with words neuter: Dish, Benefit, Chisel... The discrepancy between the surnames that coincide with the words of the neuter gender, and the gender of the person (male and female), allows you not to decline these surnames. The surnames also remain unavoidable. Stetsko, Pisarenko, Moskalenko.

Surnames historically formed from the genitive case of the personal or nickname of the head of the family or the entire family as a whole remain outside the grammatical gender and, therefore, are not declined: Khitrovo, Mertvago, Burago(from Sly, Dead, Brown), Sedykh, Fominy (from Sedyye, Fomina).

The surname as a family name suggests the presence shape plural : Petrovs, Kashkins, Vvedensky... If the spouses take a common surname, it is written in the plural: Dmitrievs, Donskoy, Mustache. Non-standard surnames, except for surnames in form of adjectives, do not have official documentary plural forms... Therefore, they write: Maria Ivanovna and Nikolai Ivanovich Vinograd, spouses Neighbor, husband and wife Suzdal.

Despite a number of difficulties arising in the declension of proper Russian and foreign-language surnames in Russian, it is still advisable to decline all the elements of a person's naming, if they lend themselves to declension. System operating in Russian case endings rather harshly makes one perceive the inflected word that has remained without declension as standing in the wrong case or belonging to the wrong genus to which it actually belongs. For example, Ivan Ivanovich Sima, genitive must be Ivan Ivanovich Sima... If it says: for Ivan Ivanovich Sim, this means that in the nominative case, this surname has the form Sim, not Sim. Left without declension, male surnames such as Veter, Nemeshay will be mistaken for female surnames, because similar surnames in men are inclined: with Peter Sergeevich Nemeshay, from Vladimir Pavlovich Vetr.

Historians every year expand the list of nominal nicknames of Slavic origin. Many would be interested to know their origins. But sometimes it is impossible to determine this by the sound itself, since for years they have been added to the derived word different suffixes, prefixes and prefixes that distort its original meaning.

Russian names and surnames

To determine the origin of a person's kind, they use his passport data. Key points the root of the word acts, which forms Russian names and surnames. They differ in prevalence. By sound, you can determine the name of the genus or the belonging of ancestors to different social groups and the castes of society: peasants, boyars, clergy. The etymology of some includes archaisms and strange foundations; to determine these yourself, you can use the reference book.

Origin

Derivatives and roots can originate from the nicknames of ancestors, funny nicknames, names, directions of activity. The origin of Russian surnames, in most cases, is unraveled in its etymology. You should be interested in this clue, because through it you can learn about an outstanding ancestor or the eminence of the family. For those who want to determine the origins of their generic nickname, there are alphabetical collections, which are replenished and updated every year, on their pages almost everyone can find out the history of their name.

Meaning

Etymology and the formation of a name of its own kind interests everyone large quantity of people. The meaning of Russian surnames is clarified when determining the root part of a word, it indicates the meaning. The meaning of family names like Bondarev, Kovalev, Shevtsov - indicate the craft that someone from the family was engaged in. Muzzle, Stoyan, Brave - on external or internal characteristics an individual person. All members of the family were named by the nickname of the head of the family, and this was passed down from generation to generation.

When surnames appeared in Russia

The assignment of a generic nickname to identify each genus began to take shape from the 15th century. When surnames appeared in Russia, initially they belonged to representatives of the upper strata of society: boyars and aristocrats, later, in the 18th century, to church ministers. Until the 19th century, peasants and artisans received their nicknames. Their genus names were derived from the nicknames of one of the family members or occupation. In historical scrolls and records, enumerations were found explaining this phenomenon: "Vasily, son of Kuznetsov ... Ivan, son of Khlebnikov"

How many surnames in Russia

The study of this data is still in question. Absolutely correct is not displayed numerical value, which could answer exactly the question of how many surnames exist in Russia today. Researchers have undertaken such a difficult task only a few times, about 250 thousand values are officially included in the collection, and these lists are constantly updated with new forms of the nicknames that were once given.

Declination of surnames in Russian

The rules of the Russian language strictly define the spelling and pronunciation of passport data. The declension of surnames in the Russian language occurs according to the following basic rules: standard ones are declined as adjectives, and of foreign origin - as nouns. They do not incline at the zero ending, or ending in a consonant sound (Bondar, Nitsevich, Ponomar), with the ending in -o (Petrenko, Shevchenko, Kovalenko), foreign in -a, -ya (Barnava, Okidzhava, Zola).

The most common surname in Russia

Boris Ubengaun was the first to start compiling a directory that lists the names of Russia. There are collected various variations due to the process of transformation of popular nicknames. Each position has an explanation (highlighted parts of word formation that interpret the essence of a particular word). There are positions that can be found more often, there are those that are very rare. The data were taken on the basis of the population census of the city of St. Petersburg.

Common surnames in Russia:

Vladimirov;
Sergeev;
Petrov;
Ivanov.

Beautiful Russian surnames

There are people whose generic nicknames fascinate with their sound. These include derived from place names or long nicknames given to church officials. This etymology is rare, it sounds aristocratic melodic. Many people change the generic data in the passport in order to get a name that is beautiful and stands out from the crowd. Lucky people are considered to be those to whom it was inherited.

The most beautiful surnames in Russia:

Preobrazhensky;
Tsezarev;
Christmas;
Vyazemsky;
Uspensky.

Slavic

There are names of the genus that originated from the ancient Slavs. These nicknames are very rare and therefore valuable for historians. Their small number is due to the fact that derivatives originate from names pagan gods or Old Church Slavonic names. With the advent of Christianity, such nicknames were categorically banned, people were massively baptized and renamed, because those who have preserved them to this day are a godsend, a shining example pagan culture.

Old Slavic surnames, examples:

Yarilo;
Dovbush;
Confused;
Lada;
Pious;
Dobrynin;
Peaceful.

According to the population census conducted in the 80s of the last century, with the former USSR, about 50% of the rural and 35% of the urban population bear generic nicknames, formed according to the principle of patronymic with the addition of suffixes. This study is recognized as the highest quality and most detailed up to our times. Popular Russian surnames: Sidorov, Smirnov, Kuzmin, Vasiliev. The second most frequent are nicknames that indicate the type of activity: Kuznetsov, Bondarev, Reznikov, Khlebnikov, etc.

Rare Russian surnames

It is difficult to compile a reliable list that includes all items. But the main ones have been selected. It is uncommon to meet people who wear a family nickname that coincides completely with geographical name or is formed from a combination of two words. There are few of those who were lucky enough to become the namesake of famous historical figures and heroes of literary novels.

Rare surnames in Russia:

Astrakhan;
Kamchatka;
Aybogin;
Cool pepper;
Crusoe;
Karenin.

Funny

Sometimes, among friends, there are family nicknames, which involuntarily cause a smile with their comicality. They surprise fellow citizens, and especially foreigners, with their pronunciation, they consist of adding the stems of any nouns or verbs, they can denote a funny or strange action, name objects, the name of which sounds strange in a human name. A person who has to wear them can hardly be called lucky.

Funny Russian surnames:

Bone gnawing;
Mozgoedov;
Popkin;
Rzhach;
Login;
Khachapuri;
Govnodedov;
Snot.

Russian noble surnames

Their owners can not doubt the high title of someone of their kind, they were assigned exclusively to nobles, boyars, high-ranking officials. People close to high positions and ruling power. They can also be merchants. The presence of such title nicknames among the peasantry, a worker from the common population or artisans is excluded, their mere presence spoke of the high social status of their owner.

Russian noble surnames:

Stroganov;
Godunov;
Tikhomirov;
Minin;
Novgorodtsev;
Tikhonravov;
Ventsenossev.

Old Russian

This term denotes not only the Old Slavonic nicknames of the times of paganism, but also those that, in their etymology, designate outdated concepts and words of ancient use, eradicated from modern speech. Interesting to consider are generic nicknames that call old monetary units, household items, crafts not found in the modern world. All these signs indicate the age of the genus and the roots that go far.

Old Russian surnames:

Kunin;
Altynov;
Kalita;
Zlatnikov;
Pryalkin;
Kozhemyaka;
Bandurov.

Rating of surnames in Russia

Top-100 items have been compiled, which can often be found in the passports of fellow citizens. All of them were selected based on the reference book and ordered during the census throughout the year. This information will be especially interesting for girls, because everyone dreams of meeting her man and getting married. Statistics say that 89% of cases, women switch to a male generic nickname during marriage. Such a top will clearly show the most likely options that each may face. The section includes 10 first positions.

Ivanov;
Smirnov;
Kuznetsov;
Popov;
Sokolov;
Vasiliev;
Fedorov;
Novikov;
Egorov;
Kozlov.

Famous Russian surnames

Their list is compiled on the basis of the frequency of use among the population. The most popular surname in Russia is Ivanov. Even foreigners know about it, associating with it all the names of Russian compatriots. She went down in history and became a classic. For example in German such a nickname became - Müller, in America and Britain - Smith, Poland - Novak or Kovalsky, Georgia - Mamedov.

Famous Russian surnames:

Sidorov;
Ivanov;
Petrov;
Kozlov;
Smirnov;
Popov;
Sokolov.

Video

Often in ordinary conversation, during a discussion of certain familiar people, we bow their names, not really thinking about whether they bow at all. And if in a friendly conversation this is not so important, then, for example, in business documentation it is simply necessary to pay attention to such nuances. Exist certain rules declension of surnames in Russian.

In order not to get confused, it is worth remembering school curriculum Russian language, including the study of cases. Let us take as an example the standard Russian surname Sidorov and declare it as in masculine, and in the female:

Nominative (who?) - Sidorov (m), Sidorova (f);

Genitive (whom?) - Sidorova (m), Sidorova (f);

Dative (to whom?) - Sidorov (m), Sidorova (f);

Accusative (who?) - Sidorova (m), Sidorov (f);

Creative (by whom?) - Sidorov (m), Sidorova (f);

Prepositional (about whom?) - about Sidorov (m), about Sidorova (f).

Surnames like the above are the easiest to decline. But there are surnames in which there is no suffix, for example, Kosheva, Lanovoy, Tolstoy, Bronevoy.

The declension rules for surnames of this type are the same as for adjectives, that is, it will be correct to write as follows: Lanovoy, Lanovoy, Lanovoy, Lanovoy, Lanovoy, about Lanovoy. In the feminine gender, the surname will sound like Lanovaya, Tolstaya, Bronevaya, etc. As names and surnames ending in -sky, -tsky, -skoy, -tskoy, -ev, -in, -yn, -ov.

If among your acquaintances there is a person named Gladkikh, Cheremnykh, Malykh, etc., then remember that this is a surname of a frozen form that does not incline. Also, the rules prohibit declining surnames of foreign origin ending in -ih, -i, -yh, -e. Nor do those that end in -yago, -ago. Simply put, typical surnames of Russian origin should be declined as adjectives, and atypical and foreign ones as nouns.

However, there are surnames ending in -o. For example, Shevchenko, Prikhodko, Gusko, Makarenko. In this case, the declension rules for male surnames, as well as for female surnames with such an ending, state that such surnames do not incline in either a single, or in. Also, female surnames ending in -th, -ь or This are not inclined. Such surnames can also be declined. , only if they belong to a man. For example: “Give this to Vladimir Vlasyuk” and “Give this to Natalya Vlasyuk”, or “Call Sergei Matskevich” and “Invite Veronica Matskevich”.

If a male surname ends in -а or -я (Skovoroda, Golovnya, Mayboroda), then the rules for declining surnames allow you to change the endings. For example, Vasya Soroka, Vasya Soroka, Vasya Soroka, Vasya Soroka, etc. Foreign surnames that end in a vowel (Dumas, Hugo, Stradivari, Rossini) cannot be declined. Also, the rules for declining surnames do not allow changing them if they are dissonant, cause inappropriate associations or are consonant with a geographical name or personal name. For example, surnames such as Varenik, Gordey, Donets, Gus, in any case, remain unchanged, regardless of whether they belong to a man or a woman.