When Gorbachev was president of the USSR. Mikhail Gorbachev: how the first and last president of the ussr lives and what he regrets. At administrative work

Mikhail Gorbachev is a statesman and public figure of the 20th century who entered the political world during the Soviet era. He became the first and only president of the USSR, the results of whose activities left a deep mark on Russian history, and also became important factors in the development of the rest of the world. The assessment of Gorbachev's role in the fate of the country in society is ambiguous - some believe that he brought the people more good than harm, while others are sure that the politician caused all the troubles of modern Russia after the collapse of the USSR.

Childhood and youth

Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich was born on March 2, 1931 in the Stavropol village of Privolnoye. Father Sergei Andreevich and mother Maria Panteleevna (Ukrainian by nationality) were peasants, so the childhood of the future president of the USSR passed without wealth and luxury. In his early years, young Mikhail had to endure the German occupation of Stavropol, which left an imprint on his character and political position in the future.

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Mikhail Gorbachev in his youth

At the age of 13, Gorbachev began to combine his studies at school with work on a collective farm: at first he worked at a mechanical and tractor station, and later became an assistant to a combine operator, whose duties were extremely difficult for a teenager. For this work, Mikhail Sergeevich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in 1949, which he received for overfulfilling the grain harvesting plan.

The following year, Gorbachev graduated from a local school with a silver medal and entered the law faculty of Moscow State University without any problems. At the university, the future politician headed the Komsomol organization of students, where he was charged with the spirit of freethinking, which influenced his future worldview. In 1952, Mikhail was accepted as a member of the CPSU, and 3 years later, after successfully graduating from the university, Gorbachev received the post of first secretary of the city committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League of Stavropol.

Politics

The political career of Mikhail Gorbachev developed rapidly. In 1962, he was appointed to the post of party organizer of the Stavropol Territorial Production Agricultural Administration, in which Gorbachev earned a reputation as a promising politician during the reforms of the then current Soviet head Nikita Khrushchev.

Politician Mikhail Gorbachev

Gorbachev did not have special charisma or memorable external data (a man has an average height of 175 cm), so he made his way only with skills and working qualities.

Against the backdrop of good harvests in Stavropol, Mikhail Sergeevich established himself as a leading expert in the field of agriculture, which subsequently made it possible to become the ideologist of the CPSU on the development of this area.

In 1974, Gorbachev was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, where he headed the commission on youth problems. In 1978, the politician was transferred to Moscow and appointed secretary of the Central Committee, which was initiated by the former leader of the USSR Yuri Andropov, who considered Mikhail Sergeyevich an unusually highly educated and experienced specialist.

In 1980, Gorbachev joined the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. Numerous reforms in the market economy and in the political system fell under his leadership. In 1984, at a meeting of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the politician read out the report “The Living Creativity of the People”, which became the so-called “prelude” to the restructuring of the country. The report was received with optimism by Gorbachev's colleagues and the Soviet people.

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU

Having won support and creating for himself the image of a global reformer, Mikhail Sergeevich was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1985, after which a global process of democratization of society began in the USSR, later called perestroika.

Having become the leader of the second most powerful power in the world, Mikhail Gorbachev began to pull out the country that had fallen into stagnation. Without a clearly defined plan, the politician made a number of changes in the foreign and domestic policy of the Soviet Union, which eventually led to the collapse of the state.

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev

On account of Gorbachev's "dry law", the exchange of money, the introduction of self-support, the end of the war in Afghanistan, the end of the long-term cold war with the West and the weakening of the nuclear threat. Also, by the hands of the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU, who then had complete power over the country, the USSR liberalized society and weakened censorship, which allowed Gorbachev to gain popularity among the population, with whom the politician for the first time in the history of the Soviet state communicated in a free, and not in a "reigning" style. .

First President

The main mistake in Gorbachev's policy was the inconsistency in the implementation of economic reforms in the USSR, which led to a sharp deepening of the crisis in the country, as well as to a decrease in the standard of living of citizens. In the same period, the Baltic republics took a course towards estrangement from the Union, which did not prevent the Soviet leader from becoming the first and only president of the USSR, whom Gorbachev was elected in 1990 in accordance with the country's amended legislation.

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Vladimir Putin and Mikhail Gorbachev

However, the weakening of control over society led to dual power in the Soviet Union, a wave of strikes swept the country, and the economic crisis led to total shortages and empty shelves on store shelves. During that period, the 10th part of the country's gold reserves was "eaten", the situation in the USSR was close to a critical point. Mikhail Sergeevich could not prevent the collapse of the Union and his own resignation from the presidency.

In August 1991, Gorbachev's allies, which included a number of Soviet ministers, announced the creation of the State Emergency Committee (GKChP) and demanded that Mikhail Sergeevich resign. Gorbachev did not accept these demands, provoking an armed coup in the country, called the August putsch.

Read also Gorbachev himself could stand behind the GKChP - media

Then the GKChP was resisted by the political leaders of the RSFSR, which included the then president of the republic, and Ivan Silaev. In December 1991, 11 union republics signed the Belovezhskaya agreement on the creation of the CIS, which became evidence of the termination of the existence of the USSR, despite the objections of Mikhail Sergeevich. After that, Gorbachev resigned and withdrew from politics.

Today, there is no doubt that Gorbachev and his entourage played a decisive role in preparing the collapse of the Union of the Indestructible, one part of which actively implemented the pernicious decisions of the Secretary General, and the other silently watched how betrayal corrodes the foundations and unity of the country.

And none of the so-called comrades-in-arms dared to tell Gorbachev that he was not "a giant, but just a cockroach." But in the post-Soviet period, some of the Secretary General's associates hastened to publish memoirs in which they cursed the former patron in every way, talking about how they "opposed" the destructive perestroika course.

In this regard, I will try to show how the personnel environment for more than six years created conditions for Mikhail Sergeyevich to work on the collapse of the country. I wouldn't want something like this to happen again.

THE DARKER THE NIGHT, THE BRIGHTER THE STARS

Narcissistic amateurs like Gorbachev, having broken into power, care only about their image. They surround themselves not with personalities, but with convenient people in order to look like “geniuses” against their background. This feature of Mikhail Sergeevich was noticed by the US Ambassador to the USSR J. Matlock, saying: “He felt comfortable only next to the silent or gray ...”

Mikhail Sergeevich formulated the essence of his personnel policy while still working in Stavropol. Once, in response to friendly criticism of his personnel approaches, Gorbachev uttered a mysterious phrase: "The darker the night, the brighter the stars." There is no doubt that he saw himself in the sky as a star of the first magnitude. Therefore, he always tirelessly shuffled the deck, picking up convenient and helpful ones.

"Architect" of perestroika Alexander Yakovlev (to the left of M. Gorbachev)

By the time Gorbachev was elected General Secretary, Yegor Ligachev, the then head of the Department of Organizational and Party Work of the Central Committee of the CPSU, managed to replace 70% of the secretaries of regional and regional committees of the party, appointing "his proven" people, ready to follow any instructions and ensure the majority at the Plenums of the Central Committee.

With the advent of Gorbachev, personnel replacements acquired a wider scope. During the first three years, the composition of the Central Committee was updated by 85%, which was much higher than in 1934-1939. Then they amounted to about 77%. In 1988, Gorbachev began the "rejuvenation" of the apparatus of the Central Committee. All key posts were given to "Gorbachevites".

In the same way, the Council of Ministers of the USSR was renewed. Only ten out of 115 pre-Gorbachev ministers remained there. Nevertheless, despite the endless personnel reshuffling, Gorbachev still believes that HIS perestroika was torpedoed by the conservative apparatus.

In his memoirs “Life and Reforms,” he writes: “... After the XXVII Congress (1986), the composition of district committees and city committees changed three times, the Soviet bodies were almost completely renewed. After the January Plenum of the Central Committee in 1987, there was a change of first secretaries in alternative elections, many "old-timers" retired. The second, third or even fourth “team” became at the helm, and things went on the old fashioned way. So strong was the leaven. The dogmas of Marxism in the simplified Stalinist interpretation were so firmly driven into the heads.

It is difficult to imagine a greater misunderstanding of the situation. It is absolutely clear that in 1988-1989, people came to the leadership of most party organizations in the CPSU, not only "poisoned" by the dogmas of Marxism, but very far from both Marxism and socialism. As a result, the restructuring of socialism turned into a departure from it. For the same reason, in September 1991, the CPSU quietly died.

STAFF LINKS. ARCHITECT OF PERESTRUCTION

The main credo of Gorbachev's personnel policy was the placement of trusted and controlled supporters in key positions, which created personnel links. Pushing through the appointment of such people, Mikhail Sergeevich demonstrated truly "teeth of steel", which Politburo Patriarch Andrei Gromyko once said.

Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze and US Secretary of State George Shultz

Clear evidence of this is the situation with the appointment on July 1, 1985, of the tongue-tied and poorly spoken Russian Eduard Shevardnadze as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. However, in his memoirs Life and Reforms, Gorbachev states without a shadow of embarrassment: "Eduard Shevardnadze is an uncommon personality, an accomplished politician, educated, erudite."

The damage done by the Gorbachev-Shevardnadze bond to the Soviet Union and, accordingly, to Russia is best evidenced by a quote from the memoirs of former US President George W. Bush:

“We ourselves did not understand such a policy of the Soviet leadership. We were ready to give guarantees that the countries of Eastern Europe would never join NATO and forgive many billions of dollars of debt, but Shevardnadze did not even bargain and agreed to everything without preconditions. The same on the border with Alaska (we are talking about the delimitation of maritime spaces in the Bering and Chukchi Seas), where we did not count on anything. It was a gift from God."

Yegor Ligachev, who became famous for the phrase in relation to Yeltsin: “Boris, you are wrong!”

No less scandalous is the situation with the appointment of Gennady Yanayev to the post of vice president. Gorbachev, together with Lukyanov, actually raped the IV Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR (December 1990), pushing through this candidacy. In the end, from the second run, the deputies voted for "a mature politician who is able to participate in the discussion and adoption of important decisions on a national scale." This is how Gorbachev described his candidate Gennady Yanaev for the post of vice-president of the USSR.

I knew Yanaev quite well, I visited him in the Kremlin office more than once. He was a decent and kind person, completely devoid of the Kremlin bureaucratic fanaticism, but not the vice president, which was confirmed by the events of August 1991. Apparently, for this reason, Mikhail Sergeevich needed Yanaev so much.

In addition, Gorbachev was aware of Yanaev's delicate problem: his hands were constantly shaking. Even during my first meeting with Gennady Ivanovich, I noticed how he took cigarettes with trembling hands and lit up. We were one on one in the office, so Yanaev had no reason to worry.

So trembling hands, allegedly from fear, at a press conference on August 19, 1991, are a myth of journalists. Apparently, this personal aspect also determined Gorbachev's stubborn desire to see Yanaev as vice president. As a result, Mikhail Sergeevich managed to create a much-needed personnel link between Gorbachev and Yanaev.

In addition to the above, Mikhail Sergeevich managed to create the following personnel links: Gorbachev - Yakovlev, Gorbachev - Ryzhkov, Gorbachev - Lukyanov, Gorbachev - Yazov, Gorbachev - Kryuchkov, Gorbachev - Razumovsky, Gorbachev - Bakatin.

The central link was Gorbachev - Yakovlev. True, Yakovlev created it, and not Gorbachev, during his stay on an official visit to Canada in 1983. Let's talk about it in more detail.

Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Vladimir Kryuchkov

It is known that the most important ideas of disastrous perestroika were inspired by Mikhail Sergeevich precisely by Yakovlev. It is no coincidence that he was called “the architect of perestroika” behind his back.

Yakovlev managed to convince Gorbachev that socialism had no prospects. He also threw in the idea of ​​the priority of universal human values. And he also helped Mikhail Sergeevich to furnish himself with "the right people."

It is no secret that Yakovlev was the one who insisted on the appointment of Dmitry Yazov as Minister of Defense of the USSR, and Vladimir Kryuchkov as Chairman of the KGB.

Being a good psychologist, Yakovlev felt that with all the positive characteristics, the diligence of these two would always prevail over initiative and independence. This subsequently played a fatal role in the fate of the USSR.

Jeanne Kirkpatrick, former adviser to R. Reagan on defense and foreign intelligence, let slip about Yakovlev's real contribution to the collapse of the USSR in an interview with Nezavisimaya Gazeta (October 10, 1998). When asked about the role of individuals in the politics of the 20th century, along with such figures as Churchill, Mussolini, Hitler, Mao Zedong, Truman, Stalin, she named Yakovlev.

The surprised journalist asked: “Why Yakovlev? Have you met him?" An ambiguous answer followed: “A couple of times. I think he is a very interesting person and has played a huge and important role. I hope he knows that I think so."

Comments are superfluous, especially if we recall the statement of Yuri Drozdov, the former head of the Department "C" of the KGB of the USSR (illegal intelligence), made by him to the correspondent of "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" (August 31, 2007): "Several years ago, a former American intelligence officer whom I knew well, Arriving in Moscow, at dinner in a restaurant on Ostozhenka, he threw the following phrase: “You are good guys. We know that you have had successes that you can be proud of. But time will pass, and you will gasp if it is declassified what kind of agents the CIA and the State Department had at the top.”

PERSONNEL LINKS-2

Special mention should be made of the Gorbachev-Ryzhkov connection. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov is an excellent specialist and a person with a heightened sense of decency and responsibility, which did not allow him to properly confront Gorbachev.

They started talking about him as a leader in July 1989, when Ryzhkov said at a meeting of party workers in the Kremlin: "The party is in danger!" Therefore, when at the Extraordinary Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR (March 1990) the question of electing the president arose, a number of deputies asked him to nominate his candidacy.

Here is how the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR Vitaly Vorotnikov describes this situation: “The situation developed in such a way that if the prime minister had not withdrawn his candidacy, Gorbachev would undoubtedly have been defeated in a normal vote. However, as you know, Nikolai Ivanovich never found the courage to cross the invisible line that separates the most senior of the officials from the real party leader. Thus, he gave Gorbachev the presidency of the USSR.

I want to clarify. In my opinion, and I talked a lot with Nikolai Ivanovich, the main role in Ryzhkov's refusal to run for the presidency was played not by lack of courage, but by the decency that I mentioned above. Ryzhkov considered it dishonorable to put the foot on a colleague. Gorbachev was counting on this.

But not only the position of Ryzhkov gave Gorbachev the presidency. A decisive role here was played by a bunch of Gorbachev - Lukyanov. Anatoly Ivanovich chaired a meeting of the III Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, which approved an addition to the Constitution on the establishment of the post of President of the USSR. The head of state was to be elected by the citizens by direct and secret ballot. But at that time it was already clear that Gorbachev's chances of becoming "popularly elected" were extremely small.

Lukyanov managed to push through with a negligible majority of 46 votes the decision that the first elections, as an exception, be held by the Congress of People's Deputies. M. Gorbachev, N. Ryzhkov and V. Bakatin were nominated as candidates. However, the last two candidates recused themselves. As a result, Gorbachev was elected President of the USSR. This is what it means to put the right person in the right position. Gorbachev could not take away this skill.

A few words about the Gorbachev-Razumovsky connection. Georgy Razumovsky in May 1985 headed the Department of Organizational and Party Work of the Central Committee, replacing Ligachev in this post. A year later, he acquired the status of secretary of the Central Committee.

Regulation and showiness in the work of the party organizations of the country under Razumovsky increased significantly. It is he who is responsible for the separatist sentiments that appeared in the Communist Party of Lithuania in 1988.

The fact is that on the eve of the 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev called for the development of internal party democracy and glasnost. But at the same time, from the organizational department of the Central Committee, which was led by Razumovsky, went to the places, including the Communist Party of Lithuania, a tough order of which delegates should be elected. This caused a wave of indignation not only in the Communist Party of Lithuania, but also in the republic.

The protest moods of the Lithuanian communists largely contributed to the creation and development of "Sąjūdis" in Lithuania. In the future, the situation was aggravated by the complete disregard of the critical remarks made by the Lithuanian communists during the 1988 reporting and election campaign by the organizational department of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

As a result, on January 19, 1989, the plenum of the Vilnius City Party Committee was forced to re-apply to Razumovsky about the criticisms sent after the reporting and election campaign from the republic. However, this time there was no answer.

Then the topic of the independence of the Lithuanian Communist Party was put on the agenda in the Lithuanian media. As a result of this discussion, to which the Central Committee of the CPSU also did not respond, the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of Lithuania (December 1989) announced the withdrawal of the party from the CPSU. Well, on March 11, 1990, Lithuania already announced its withdrawal from the USSR.

In this regard, let me remind you that Gorbachev constantly talked about the old party bureaucratic apparatus, which allegedly lay like a “dam” on the path of perestroika. It is clear that this was verbiage, because in fact such a "dam" was a bunch of Gorbachev - Razumovsky and their entourage.

Cover of the book by Vadim Bakatin with the characteristic title "Getting rid of the KGB"

I will add that, according to the Russian journalist Yevgenia Albats, the former candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee, Razumovsky, at least until 2001, received a monthly salary from the structures of Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Apparently, it was for what.

Serious damage to the country was caused by a bunch of Gorbachev - Bakatin.

In October 1988, Vadim Bakatin, the former first secretary of the Kemerovo Regional Party Committee, was appointed to the post of Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR. It seemed like a minor change. The former first secretary of the Rostov regional committee of the CPSU, Vlasov, was replaced by the first secretary of another regional committee, Bakatin. But this is only at first glance.

Bakatin's personality is usually associated with the defeat of the Committee. However, there his role was small. The KGB was already doomed in August 1991, and Bakatin was only following the instructions of the puppeteers to “finish him off”. Much more interesting is the role of Vadim Viktorovich in the collapse of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Offering Bakatin the post of interior minister, Gorbachev stressed: “I don't need police ministers. I need politicians." Bakatin "brilliantly" coped with the role of a politician from the police. For two years of work, he caused irreparable damage to the Soviet police.

The minister issued an order, according to which police officers received the right to work part-time in other organizations. As a result, this led not only to corruption and the merging of law enforcement agencies with the criminogenic contingent, but also to the departure of the main professional core of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to commercial structures. This was the beginning of the collapse of the Soviet law enforcement system.

Another order of Bakatin dealt a no less painful blow to this system - the liquidation of the undercover police apparatus. Policemen of the whole world considered and consider these agents as their eyes and ears in the criminal world. This is known even to amateurs.

Russia is still experiencing the consequences of the above orders of Bakatin. Towards the end of his reign, Vadim Viktorovich dealt another mortal blow to the Soviet law enforcement system. He prepared its actual division into fifteen national republican departments.

I'll give you an example. In 1990, after Lithuania declared independence, the Republican Ministry of Internal Affairs not only did not submit to the union ministry, but also took a hostile position in resolving controversial issues.

Nevertheless, Bakatin gave a personal instruction that the Ministry of Internal Affairs should finance the Ministry of Internal Affairs of independent Lithuania, supply it with modern equipment and help create a police academy in Vilnius, which, by the way, educated cadres in an anti-Soviet and anti-Russian spirit. Bakatin considered this a "constructive step" in relations between the USSR and independent Lithuania.

POLITBURO. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE SOVIET GENERALITY

Special mention should be made of the role of the Politburo of the Central Committee under Gorbachev. It was intended to ensure the collective leadership of the party and the country. However, it turned into a handy tool for blessing the disastrous decisions of the new General Secretary.

Solving this problem, Mikhail Sergeevich already in April 1985 began to change the balance of forces in the Politburo of the Central Committee. First of all, all opponents of Gorbachev were removed from the PB: Romanov, Tikhonov, Shcherbitsky, Grishin, Kunaev, Aliyev. Those who took an active part in the operation to elect him General Secretary were the first to take their place: E. Ligachev, N. Ryzhkov and V. Chebrikov.

Marshal of the Soviet Union Sergei Sokolov, dismissed after the "Rust case"

In total, during his reign, Gorbachev replaced three compositions of the Politburo of the Central Committee, and each of them was much weaker than the previous one. He immediately felt like a master. According to Valery Boldin, a former long-term assistant and actually the “right hand” of Mikhail Sergeyevich, he “has become completely intolerant of any criticism addressed to him ... I remember at a meeting he says to one of the members of the Politburo:“ If you continue to chat, I will immediately expel out the door” (“Kommersant-Vlast”, May 15, 2001).

That's how! However, members of the PB took this trick of the new General Secretary for granted. The old party apparatus was brought up in very rigid traditions.

Special mention should be made of the meeting at which Gorbachev dealt with the generals. The time for the "withdrawal" of candidate member of the PB, Marshal of the Soviet Union Sergei Sokolov, came when Gorbachev realized that his unilateral "peacekeeping policy" was hindered by the military, led by the uncompromising Minister of Defense. It is known that Sokolov and his entourage opposed the signing of the Treaty on the Elimination of Medium and Short Range Missiles (INF).

Then a grandiose action was conceived to renew the Soviet generals. An incident that occurred in May 1941 was used as an example. Then the German military transport aircraft "Junkers-52", checking the Soviet air defense system, flying over 1200 kilometers without hindrance, landed at the Tushino airfield in Moscow. As a result, the Soviet military command and, above all, the air force, was covered by a wave of repressions, and almost everything was replaced.

On May 28, 1987, on the Day of the Border Guard, a Cessna-172 Skyhawk sports plane landed on Vasilevsky Spusk near Red Square, with German amateur pilot Matthias Rust at the controls. Gorbachev, having arrived that evening from Romania, held a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee right in the Vnukovo-2 government hall. On it, Marshal Sokolov was dismissed, and Yazov was immediately appointed minister, who happened to be at the airport very conveniently.

On May 30 of the same year, a meeting of the PB regarding Rust was already held in the Kremlin. The tone was set by Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Ryzhkov, who demanded the immediate removal of the Air Force Commander-in-Chief and the Minister of Defense. Well, then everything went according to knurled. Yakovlev, Ligachev, Gorbachev spoke: resign, remove, punish.

Matthias Rust on Vasilyevsky Spusk shortly after landing

Surprisingly, no one remembered that after the scandalous situation in September 1983 with the South Korean Boeing, the USSR signed an addendum to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which categorically forbade shooting down civilian aircraft.

No one raised the question of why the plane, after crossing the border for 3 hours and 20 minutes, disappeared from the radar screens and landed with fairly full tanks. The chairman of the KGB, V. M. Chebrikov, did not say a word about the fact that, while waiting for Rust, trolleybus wires were allegedly cut off on the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge, and professional television cameras were installed on Red Square.

According to the operational duty officer of the Moscow Air Defense District, Major General Vladimir Reznichenko, at the very moment when the Rust plane flew up to Moscow with a tailwind, an order was unexpectedly received from the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces to turn off the automated air defense control system for preventive maintenance.

The plane on which M. Rust flew, in the Berlin Technical Museum

One of the most vulnerable places of air defense is the border between location zones. According to General I. Maltsev: “the target was lost, because the continuous radar field was only in a narrow strip along the border, then there were dead zones, and for some reason Rust chose them for the flight.”

The question is, how could a German amateur pilot know about the boundaries of such "dead zones"? According to the chief of staff of the Tallinn Air Defense Division, Colonel V. Tishevsky, the air defense system of that time had the following rule: every 24 hours, the boundaries of such zones were changed. However, on May 27 such a command was not received, so on May 28 the boundaries of the location zones established the day before continued to operate.

It turns out that Rust knew about the boundaries of the "dead" zones. Information could only be obtained from the USSR. The question is: through whom? Rust allegedly landed in the area of ​​Staraya Russa (AiF, No. 31, July 2013).

M. Rust during the trial.

The newspaper quotes Andrey Karaulov, the author of the Moment of Truth TV program: “I ask Rust: “Do you want me to show you a photo of how your plane is refueled?” Rust did not answer, remained silent, he was not interested in looking at the photographs, only his eyes ran around ... "

By the way, this version appeared almost immediately, as soon as Rust was detained. Journalist M. Timm from the German magazine "Bunde" drew attention to two facts. First, Rust took off in a green shirt and jeans, and in Moscow he got off the plane in a red overall. Secondly, in Helsinki, only the sign of the Hamburg flying club appeared on board his plane, while in Moscow people could see an image of a crossed-out atomic bomb pasted on the tail stabilizer.

An intermediate landing was needed to mislead the radio engineering units of the air defense forces: to disappear from the locator screens, and then take off again, turning from a “border violator” into a domestic “flight violator”.

No one at the Politburo of the Central Committee raised the issue that Rust followed a surprisingly clear route, as if knowing how the air defense system of the northwestern direction of the USSR was built. It is known that in March 1987, Marshal Sokolov left the General Secretary maps of the country's air defense in this direction.

As the former commander-in-chief of the Russian Air Force, General of the Army Pyotr Deinekin, later stated, “there is no doubt that Rust’s flight was a carefully planned provocation by Western intelligence agencies. And, most importantly, it was carried out with the consent and knowledge of individuals from the then leadership of the Soviet Union.

“In the Rust case, one must carefully separate real facts from exaggerated sensations,” says Pavel Evdokimov, editor-in-chief of the Spetsnaz Rossii newspaper. - So, for example, at the suggestion of Andrey Karaulov, the version about trolleybus wires, which were previously removed in the area of ​​​​the Cessna landing, received wide circulation.

However, everything was exactly the opposite: new ones appeared! After. When the investigator Oleg Dobrovolsky got acquainted with the photographs from the place of the emergency, he asked Rust with amazement: “Tell me, Matias, how could you even land the plane on the bridge? ..” He replied that there were only obstacles in three places: at the beginning, in middle and end. They began to find out ... And it turned out that in a day or two, at the direction of the leadership of the Moscow City Executive Committee, wires appeared every twenty meters.

Another thing - how Rust was able to overcome what was? In criminal case No. 136 of the Investigative Department of the KGB of the USSR, the answer of a witness, a traffic police officer S.A.

One of two things: either we are dealing with some kind of “secret operation” multiplied by favorable chances, or everything that happened is a really amazing combination of circumstances that allowed Rust to fly to Moscow.

The same Karaulov says that there is a photograph of the Cessna refueling near Staraya Russa. Good! So why hasn't it been published yet? It seems that Karaulov just took Rust "at gunpoint" to see his reaction.

Be that as it may, in May 1987, Gorbachev could present the matter in such a way that the Soviet Armed Forces were, they say, an intruder along the entire route of his movement, from the border, and did not shoot down solely because of humanism and goodwill - in the spirit of Perestroika, Glasnost and Democratization. And the international resonance from such a noble position would be enormous! However, Gorbachev acted in a completely different way, ”concludes Pavel Evdokimov.

The analysis of the scandalous passage of Rust at the Politburo of the Central Committee ended with the displacement of almost the entire top of the Armed Forces of the USSR. “One afternoon, in the early days of June,” Ligachev’s assistant V. Legostaev recalled, “Yakovlev appeared unexpectedly in my office, as usual. By that time, he had already managed to become a member of the Politburo, close to the General Secretary. A. N.'s broad, roughly drawn face shone with a triumphant smile. He was in an openly upbeat, almost celebratory frame of mind. Right from the threshold, victoriously putting out his palms in front of him, he blurted out: “In! All hands in blood! Elbows!”

From the excited explanations that followed, it turned out that my guest was returning from the next meeting of the Politburo, at which personnel clashes were held in connection with the Rust case. A decision was made to remove a number of senior Soviet military leaders from their posts. The results of this meeting led Yakovlev to such an enthusiastic victorious state. His hands were "in the blood" of the defeated adversaries.

On December 8, 1987, M. Gorbachev and R. Reagan freely signed the INF Treaty, which today is considered the de facto surrender of the USSR to the United States.

ANTI-ALCOHOLIC POLITBURO

The next Politburo of the Central Committee that deserves attention concerns the results of the well-known anti-alcohol campaign initiated by Gorbachev in May 1985. The discussion of these results took place on December 24, 1987. The note of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR Vorotnikov “On the consequences of the anti-alcohol campaign in the RSFSR” was discussed. The facts were damning. But Gorbachev stood his ground: “The decision was right. We will not change our principled position." And everyone once again agreed with the General Secretary.

But Gorbachev turned out to be crafty. In 1995, he published the book "Life and Reforms", in which he titled one chapter "The Anti-Alcohol Campaign: a noble idea, a deplorable result." In it, he transferred the arrows of responsibility for the failure to the Secretary of the Central Committee, Yegor Ligachev, and the Chairman of the Party Control Committee, Mikhail Solomentsev. Allegedly, it was they who “brought everything to the point of absurdity. They demanded that local party leaders, ministers, business executives "overfulfill" the plan to reduce the production of alcohol and replace it with lemonade.

However, the former Minister of Finance of the USSR, and later Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Valentin Pavlov, revealed the exact calculation and intent that Gorbachev and Yakovlev placed on the anti-alcohol campaign: to create mafia structures and enrich them. The results of the campaign in the USSR were not long in coming, in exact accordance with world experience. Gorbachev and Yakovlev could not have been unaware of this experience, but they were solving a different problem and, apparently, they were ready to pay any price for its successful solution.

There is no doubt that the "fathers" of perestroika were in a hurry to create a social base in the USSR for the restoration of capitalism. And they found it in the face of the shadow mafia-criminal business. According to various estimates, the state lost up to 200 billion rubles in the fight against alcoholism. The lion's share of this amount "shadow companies" put in their pockets. And Mikhail Sergeevich was friends with the “shadow business” since the Stavropol times.

The second part of the social base of the capitalist restoration was the party, Soviet and especially economic nomenklatura. Favorable conditions were also created for its successful growth into capitalism. This was facilitated by the adopted laws on state-owned enterprises, cooperation and foreign economic activity.

As a result, the majority of Soviet directors were able to lay the foundation for personal well-being on the ruins of their enterprises with the help of cooperatives, which they generously shared with the party and Soviet nomenklatura. This is how the class of owners of democratic Russia was formed. And his fathers should be considered not only Gaidar and Chubais, but above all Gorbachev and Yakovlev.

Let's finish the story about the strange August GKChP. Today, when everyone has witnessed the coup d'etat that took place in Kiev, where power passed to the Maidan militants, it became clear that not only the brazen corruption of Ukrainian officials, but, above all, the weakness of power, provoked the militants to lawlessness.

The events in Kiev again reminded the Moscow events of August 1991. The indecisiveness and uncertainty of the position of the GKChP, headed by the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Vladimir Kryuchkov, led to the defeat of the GKChP.

By the way, the Gekachepies could count on the support of the majority of the population of the USSR. I want to remind you that in March 1991, 70% of the population of the "Union of the Indestructible" spoke in favor of maintaining a single state.

ARREST YELTSIN. "WAIT FOR THE COMMAND!"

As you know, the special group "A" of the KGB of the USSR, headed by the Hero of the Soviet Union V.F. Karpukhin, was in the Arkhangelsk region from the night of August 18 to August 19, 1991. But the order to isolate Yeltsin, despite repeated telephone inquiries from the commander of Group A, never followed.

In this regard, I will quote a direct participant in those events - the president of the International Association of Veterans of the Alpha anti-terror unit, a deputy of the Moscow City Duma, Sergei Goncharov:

“Karpukhin informed the headquarters that we were in place and ready to fulfill the order. The command followed, and I distinctly heard it: "Wait for instructions!" Beginning to light up. I tell Karpukhin: “Fedorych! You report to headquarters - dawn is coming soon. Again the command: “Wait! Contact me later." Our commander took responsibility: “What to expect!” And we relocated to a village located next to Arkhangelsk.

Mushroom pickers went ... People, seeing the fighters in an unusual form - in "spheres" and with them in their hands, were frightened and began to shy away from us, to return home.

As I understand it, the information reached Korzhakov. I say: “Fedorych, call again! Everyone understands that we have already been deciphered!” Karpukhin comes to the leadership. They formulate a new order for him: “Advance to the position of option No. 2” - this is for capturing at the moment of promotion. We remove the guys, get back into the cars and move forward for two kilometers, we begin to disguise ourselves. But how can so many armed people do this? The villagers looked at us with obvious apprehension, they didn’t even go out for water ...

Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Fyodorovich Karpukhin (1947-2003). It was he, as the commander of Group A of the KGB of the USSR, who was waiting for the order to arrest Boris Yeltsin. And didn't get it.

OK. We worked out the operation, how to block the advance, and Karpukhin reported on readiness. It was 6 o'clock - it's light, you can see everything, there is a stream of cars going to Moscow. From headquarters again: “Wait for instructions, there will be an order!”

By 7 o'clock, service cars with guards began to arrive at Arkhangelskoye. We see some big ranks. Okay, sent our intelligence. It turns out that Khasbulatov, Poltoranin and someone else arrived. We report. We again: "Wait for instructions!" Everything! We do not understand what they want from us and how to carry out the operation!

Somewhere around 8 in the morning, the scouts report: “The column - two armored ZILs, two Volga with the protection of Yeltsin and the persons who arrived there is moving out onto the highway. Get ready for the operation! Karpukhin calls the headquarters again and hears: “Wait for the command!” - “What to expect, the column will pass in five minutes!” - "Wait for the command!" When we have already seen them, Fedorych again pulls off the receiver. Him again: “Wait for the command!”

The commands never arrived. Why? The figures of the State Emergency Committee, including Kryuchkov, did not give a clear answer to this question. Obviously, none of its organizers dared to take responsibility. There was no man of the caliber of Valentin Ivanovich Varennikov, but he was in Kiev and could not influence the course of events.

Or, perhaps, there was some kind of complex double or triple game. I don’t know, it’s hard for me to judge ... The last head of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Anatoly Lukyanov, in an interview with the Russian press, reported that the GKChP was created at a meeting with Gorbachev on March 28, 1991. And Gennady Yanaev said that the documents of the State Emergency Committee were developed on behalf of the same Gorbachev.

After Yeltsin's motorcade passed us at high speed, Karpukhin answered the phone: "What to do now?" - "Wait, we'll call back!" Literally in five minutes: “Take some of your officers under the protection of Arkhangelskoye. - "Why?!" “Do what you are told! The rest - in the unit!

The time when the GKChP could win was mediocrely missed. Yeltsin was given precious time to mobilize his supporters and take action. At 10 or 11 we returned to N-sky lane, to the place of permanent deployment. And on the Central Television, instead of the programs announced in the broadcasting schedule, they showed "Swan Lake". The tragedy of the state turned into a farce.

... Further, the whole situation crumbled like a house of cards. Yeltsin, having climbed onto a tank near the White House, declared the actions of the GKChP unconstitutional. In the evening, a news broadcast went on television, in which information was announced that put an end to the State Emergency Committee. The failed press conference, which was held by the Gekachepsy, also played its role.

In a word, it turned out not to be the State Emergency Committee, but almost a madhouse. In fact, there was a repetition of the January situation in Vilnius in 1991. Meanwhile, it is known that the KGB always carefully prepared its operations. Let us recall at least the first phase of the entry of Soviet troops into Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan, for which the Chekists were responsible. Everything was calculated to the minute.

However, much becomes clear when it turns out that the two "irreconcilable enemies", Gorbachev and Yeltsin, actually worked together. This was stated to Komsomolskaya Pravda (August 18, 2011) by the former Minister of Press and Information of Russia Mikhail Poltoranin. Apparently, the head of the KGB knew or guessed about this bunch, which determined the strange duality of his behavior. Moreover, V. Kryuchkov, judging by his conversation with the head of the PGU (intelligence) of the KGB, Leonid Vladimirovich Shebarshin, back in June 1990 decided to bet on Yeltsin.

At the same time, Vladimir Alexandrovich could not get rid of a sense of personal obligation to Gorbachev. As a result, his behavior was a vivid example of following the principle of "ours and yours." But in politics, such a duality of position is, as a rule, punished. What happened.

TESTIMONY OF PRINCE SHCHERBATOV

Boris Yeltsin, who played a subordinate role in the "bundle", realized that the "putsch" gave him a rare opportunity to put an end to Gorbachev. Unfortunately, Boris Nikolaevich, trying to throw Mikhail Sergeevich out of big politics, at the same time, without regret, said goodbye to the Union.

And again, one should recall the treacherous behavior of Gorbachev in a situation where Yeltsin, Kravchuk and Shushkevich, having gathered in Viskuli, announced the termination of the activities of the USSR as an international entity.

This is now talking about the legitimacy of the statement adopted by the Troika. And then the conspirators knew perfectly well that they were committing a crime and they met precisely in Belovezhskaya Pushcha in order, in extreme cases, to leave on foot for Poland.

It is known that after Viskuly, Yeltsin was afraid to come to the Kremlin to Gorbachev. He was sure that he would give the command to arrest him, but ... Mikhail Sergeevich preferred to let the situation take its course. He was satisfied with the situation of the collapse of the USSR, since in this case the likelihood of bringing him to justice for the crimes committed disappeared.

Sworn enemies Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, however, played a common role in the collapse of the Soviet Union

Earlier I already wrote that during this period Gorbachev was thinking not about how to save the Union, but about how to provide himself with a deficit for the future: food, drinks and housing. It is no coincidence that Mikhail Sergeevich’s long-term head of security, KGB General Vladimir Timofeevich Medvedev, aptly emphasized that Gorbachev’s main ideology was the ideology of self-survival.

Unfortunately, at that time many of the Soviet political and military leaders tried to secure a material reserve for the future. In this regard, we should talk about how in 1991 the Americans bought up the Soviet elite in the bud, helping Yeltsin to come to power. I will cite the testimony of Prince Alexei Pavlovich Shcherbatov (1910-2003) from the Rurik family, president of the Union of Russian Nobles of North and South America.

On the day of the putsch, Shcherbatov flew to Moscow from the United States to take part in the congress of compatriots. The prince outlined his impressions of this trip
in a memoir entitled “A Very Recent History. First trip to Russia.

By the will of fate, Shcherbatov found himself in the midst of the events of August 1991. He, as an influential American citizen, had direct access to the US Ambassador to the USSR, Robert Strauss, who was a very well-informed person. The prince, who remained a Russian patriot in his soul, was acutely worried about the events of August 1991. Therefore, he was interested in everything connected with them.

In an article published by the popular Orthodox newspaper Vera - Eskom (No. 520), Prince Shcherbatov said: “... I tried to find out as many details as possible about the preparations for the coup. And in a few days I clarified something for myself: the Americans, the CIA spent money through their ambassador to Russia, Robert Strauss, using his connections to bribe the military: the Taman and Dzerzhinsk airborne divisions, which were supposed to go over to Yeltsin's side. The son of Marshal Shaposhnikov, the Minister of War Grachev, received a lot of money.

Shaposhnikov now has an estate in the south of France, a house in Switzerland. I heard from George Bailey, my old friend who worked for the CIA for many years, that the amount allocated to the USSR was more than one billion dollars. Few knew that in 1991, special planes under the guise of diplomatic cargo delivered money to Sheremetyevo Airport, they were distributed in packages of 10, 20, 50 banknotes to government leaders and the military. These people were later able to participate in privatization. Today this is a known fact.

The coup was attended by former delegates of the Shatagua conference: General Chervov helped distribute money among the military, one of the directors of the Banks Trust Company, John Crystal, as I learned, spent the amounts received from the CIA through his bank. It turned out that if good bribes were given to Soviet officials, then it would not be difficult to destroy the Soviet Union.

It remains to be added that the journalist’s conversation with Prince Shcherbatov, who was called “the man-legend of Russian history,” took place in New York, in a house in Manhattan, in the summer of 2003.

BETRAYAL OF SHEVARDNADZE

Treason has long settled in the Kremlin. On February 14, 2014, the TV channel "Russia 1" showed a film by journalist Andrei Kondrashov "Afghan". In it, one of the relatives of the famous leader of the Mujahideen, Ahmad Shah Massoud, said that most of the military operations of the Soviet troops against the Mujahideen ended in nothing, since Massoud received timely information from Moscow about the timing of these operations.

NATO has always received Eduard Shevardnadze, M. Gorbachev's closest associate, as a dear guest. Until released into circulation

In the film, another fact of the obvious betrayal of the Soviet leaders was voiced. It is known that before the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan with the same Ahmad Shah Massoud, an agreement was reached on a mutual ceasefire. However, at the insistence of Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze and at the direction of Supreme Commander Gorbachev, on January 23-26, 1989, Soviet troops launched a series of massive missile and air strikes on areas under the control of Ahmad Shah Massoud. It was not only a treacherous decision by the Kremlin, but also a war crime.

In this regard, the Republic of Afghanistan has all the legal grounds for declaring M. Gorbachev and E. Shevardnadze war criminals, and may also demand their extradition for criminal trial.

Shevardnadze proved himself not only in Afghanistan. It is known that in April 1989, Shevardnadze spoke at the Politburo of the Central Committee for the immediate restoration of order in the protesting Tbilisi and bringing to justice the leader of the Georgian opposition, Zviad Gamsakhurdia. However, having appeared in Tbilisi on April 9, 1990, after the well-known tragic events, it was Shevardnadze who began to voice the version of the inadequacy of the actions of the military during the dispersal of the protesters, while emphasizing the use of sapper shovels by the paratroopers - which, as the film shot by the KGB operators testified, only covered their faces from flying stones and bottles.

I remember that in March 1990, at the meetings of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, dedicated to the withdrawal of Lithuania from the USSR, it was Shevardnadze who was one of those who demanded the most decisive measures against the Lithuanian separatists and the return of constitutional order in the republic. But in fact, he and A. Yakovlev constantly supplied Landsbergis with information.

On June 1, 1990, Shevardnadze committed an act of treason. He, being on a visit to Washington, as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, together with US Secretary of State J. Baker, signed an agreement according to which the States “gained” more than 47,000 square kilometers of the Bering Sea, rich in fish and hydrocarbons, free of charge.

There is no doubt that Gorbachev was informed about this deal. Otherwise, Shevardnadze would have been in trouble in Moscow. How else to understand that Gorbachev blocked any actions to recognize this "deal" as illegal. The Americans, knowing in advance about such a reaction of the head of the USSR, quickly took control of this area. It must be assumed that the remuneration of Shevardnadze and Gorbachev for this "service" was expressed in an extremely substantial amount.

Undoubtedly, Kryuchkov knew about this dubious deal, but he did not dare to publicly declare the betrayal of Gorbachev and Shevardnadze. Well, these two got the money, but why was he silent? By the way, in modern Russia there is also a “conspiracy of silence” around this event.

In recent years, the United States has been using the practice of bribing the national elites of "independent" states very intensively and effectively. Iraq, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt... The last example is Ukraine.

Russian political scientist Marat Musin said that Yanukovych's vague position on the rampaging Maidan was due to the Ukrainian president's desire to keep the billion "greens" he kept in the United States. Vain hopes. In the United States, the money of the Shah of Iran M. Reza Pahlavi, President of the Philippines F. Marcos, President of Iraq S. Hussein, President of Egypt H. Mubarek and other former "friends" of America have sunk into oblivion.

The entourage of the Ukrainian president also managed to make good money. Most of them have already left Kiev with their families for their “alternate airfields”, similar to those that our “Russian jingo-patriot” Yuri Luzhkov had previously created for himself in Austria and London.

There is no doubt that a significant part of the Russian ruling elite, in the event of an aggravation of the situation in the country, will also follow the example of their Ukrainian “colleagues”. Fortunately, their "alternate airfields" have long been ready.

THIRTY SILVER GORBACHEV

Mikhail Sergeevich also hit a good jackpot for his betrayal. Paul Craig Roberts, an American economist and publicist, former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in the government of R. Reagan, told the Izvestia newspaper in 2007 about how this was done.

He recalled the time when his supervisor was appointed assistant secretary of defense for international affairs (Melvin Laird was then secretary of defense). Taking the opportunity, Roberts asked him how the United States makes other countries dance to its tune. The answer was simple: “We give their leaders money. We buy their leaders."

Roberts cited former British Prime Minister Tony Blair as an example. As soon as he left his post, he was appointed as an adviser to financial corporations with a salary of 5 million pounds. In addition, the United States gave him a series of speeches - for each Blair received from 100 to 250 thousand dollars. It is known that the US State Department organized a similar program for former President Gorbachev.

Nevertheless, Mikhail Sergeevich, explaining his participation in promotions, refers to the lack of funds, which he then allegedly directs to finance the Gorbachev Foundation. Maybe, maybe ... However, it is known what a considerable compensation Gorbachev received from Yeltsin for the "non-conflict" leaving the Kremlin.

It is also known that in September 2008 Mikhail Sergeevich received the Medal of Freedom from the United States for "ending the Cold War." 100 thousand US dollars were attached to the medal. To this should be added the Nobel Peace Prize, which R. Reagan “procured” for Gorbachev in 1990. However, without a doubt, this is only a known part of the material well-being that the States provided to the former president of the USSR.

It is known that in 2007 Gorbachev acquired an impressive castle in Bavaria, where he lives with his household. "Castle Hubertus", where a Bavarian orphanage used to be in two large buildings, is registered in the name of a daughter, Irina Virganskaya.

In addition, Mikhail Sergeevich owns or uses two villas abroad. One is in San Francisco, the other is in Spain (next to the villa of the singer V. Leontiev). He also has real estate in Russia - a dacha in the Moscow region ("Moscow River 5") with a plot of 68 hectares.

The “modest” wedding of his granddaughter Xenia, which took place in May 2003, testifies to the financial possibilities of the former president of the USSR. It took place in Moscow's fashionable Gostiny Dvor restaurant, which was cordoned off by police. The treat at the wedding was, as the media wrote, "no frills."

Cold dishes were served with medallions of goose liver (foie gras) and figs, black caviar on an ice base with warm pancakes, chicken with mushrooms in a thin puff pastry. In addition, the guests indulged in fried hazel grouse and elk lips. The highlight of the gastronomic program was a three-tier snow-white cake one and a half meters high.

There is no doubt that in the foreseeable future Gorbachev will be able to organize more than one such celebration for his granddaughters. Unfortunately, lifetime retribution, apparently, passes him by. But besides the human court, there is another Court, which sooner or later will pay tribute to this greatest of the traitors - Herostratus of the 20th century. And the US State Department will no longer help there.

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Experts' opinions on the reasons for Perestroika differ in many respects, but experts agree on one thing - the need for change was long overdue long before the start of Gorbachev's reforms. Not everyone agrees that Gorbachev was the initiator of Perestroika. From the point of view of some, he was only a pawn in the hands of the Western elites.

Finish what you started

According to former Soviet premier Nikolai Ryzhkov, Yuri Andropov first came up with the idea of ​​Perestroika. The Soviet leader stated that fundamental problems had accumulated in the economy that needed to be urgently addressed. However, the death of the General Secretary interrupted his undertakings. One of the first trends of Perestroika was the rejuvenation of the Soviet Politburo. Weak party elders began to gradually give way to young, energetic cadres, among whom came the main ideologist of change, Gorbachev. However, at first the new General Secretary did not think about global changes. In April 1985, at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Gorbachev confirmed the continuity of the party's course and its general line, aimed at "improving the society of developed socialism." The Secretary General either really believed, or lied, that our country "has ascended to the heights of economic and social progress, where a working man has become the master of the country, the creator of his own destiny." Historian Vladimir Potseluev is sure that such words were intended for the still strong conservative environment. Knowing the true state of Soviet society, Gorbachev nonetheless cautiously introduced the idea of ​​small economic transformations. He still operated on the old nomenklatura theses, such as: "The main content of the modern era is the transition from capitalism to socialism and communism." On the other hand, Gorbachev really believed that reforms could not only eliminate the imbalance in Soviet society, but also lead it to a new round of social prosperity. Thus, the ideologists of Perestroika, when discussing the country's development plan for the next 15 years, were going to provide each family with a separate apartment or house, which would be a clear indicator of the growth in the well-being of Soviet people. Gorbachev was determined to use the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution to bring the forms of socialist management "in line with modern conditions and needs." He stated that the country should achieve “a significant acceleration of socio-economic progress. There is simply no other way." It is known that Gorbachev came up with the idea of ​​conducting shock socio-economic therapy as early as 1987, i.e. five years before Yeltsin and Gaidar used it. However, in the late 1980s, this proposal did not go beyond the inner circle and did not receive wide publicity.

Publicity policy

One of the goals of Gorbachev's Perestroika was to achieve a certain degree of openness of the leadership to the people. At the January 1987 plenum, the General Secretary proclaimed the policy of glasnost, about which he spoke so much to the secretaries of the regional party committees. “People, working people, should know well what is happening in the country, what difficulties, what problems arise in work,” Gorbachev stressed. The Secretary General himself, unlike past Soviet leaders, boldly went out to the people, spoke about current problems in the country, talked about plans and prospects, and willingly entered into discussions with his interlocutors. Gorbachev's former ally Ryzhkov was skeptical of such openness. He noted that Gorbachev was more interested not in the country, but in how he himself looked against its background. Nevertheless, the policy of glasnost has borne fruit. The process of critical rethinking of the past has affected almost all public spheres. The films "Agony" by Elem Klimov and "Repentance" by Tengiz Abuladze, the novels "Children of the Arbat" by Anatoly Rybakov and "White Clothes" by Vladimir Dudintsev became the catalyst for glasnost. One of the manifestations of glasnost was the acquisition of freedoms unthinkable in the "era of stagnation." It became possible to openly express one's opinion, publish literature banned in the USSR, and return dissidents. In April 1988, Gorbachev received Patriarch Pimen of Moscow and All Russia in the Kremlin, which was a turning point in resolving the issues of returning the Church to its property and the adoption of a law on religious freedom (published in 1990).

crisis of power

According to historian Dmitry Volkogonov, Perestroika and the collapse of the USSR that followed it were a foregone conclusion. According to him, the last "leader" of the Soviet Union only "delineated in relief the end of the totalitarian system", the beginning of which was laid by Lenin. Thus, for Volkogonov, the "tragedy of Soviet history", the final stage of which was Perestroika, which in turn ended in the collapse of the country, was "predetermined by the Leninist experiment." Some researchers see Perestroika as a "post-communist transformation" that by all indications resembles classical revolutions. So, Irina Starodubrovskaya and Vladimir Mau in the book "Great Revolutions: From Cromwell to Putin" compare Gorbachev's transformations with the socialist revolution of 1917, arguing that they do not have fundamental differences in external parameters.

The crisis of power, according to many sociologists, was perhaps the most important reason that prompted the new leadership of the country to a radical restructuring of party structures. The collapse of the system that followed, from the point of view of some, was due to a combination of subjective factors and a lack of understanding by the party leaders of the essence of the Soviet system. Others claim that attempts to preserve the Soviet system were initially doomed to failure, since the CPSU, "having usurped power", turned into "a brake on social development", and therefore left the historical arena. In other words, no one and nothing could save the USSR from disaster. Academician Tatyana Zaslavkaya believed that Gorbachev was late with the reforms. The country could still be kept afloat if these transformations were carried out earlier. By the mid-1980s, in her opinion, the Soviet system had already worked out all its social resources, and therefore was doomed.

Forward to capitalism!

As the historian Alexander Barsenkov notes, the prerequisites for Gorbachev's reforms were technological innovations that appeared in developed countries and marked the entry of world civilization into a new era. These new trends required the Soviet leadership to search for an "adequate reaction" to what was happening, in order to finally keep up with the progressive public. Many historians have drawn attention to the fact that initially the changes took place on a political basis developed in the early 1980s, and only after the increase in the number of economic problems did the Soviet leadership set a course for "priority transformation". A number of other researchers see the essence of Perestroika in the transition from a centrally planned economy to capitalist relations. In their opinion, by the mid-1990s, transnational corporations began to create a new world legal order. Their goal was to maintain control over natural resources and concentrate them in the hands of the industrial and financial elite of the world. The Soviet party elite did not remain aloof from these processes. There is an even bolder assumption that Perestroika was conceived with the active participation of the World Bank and provided: at the first stage, the initial accumulation of capital through the total sale of national wealth and scarce goods, at the second - the seizure of land and production. It was then that the social position of people in the USSR began to be determined by the thickness of the pocket. Some economists believe that Perestroika and the subsequent reforms of the 1990s did not lead to capitalism, but only helped "feudalize the country, transferring all past "socialist gains" to a narrow stratum of the highest nomenklatura clan."

Western diversion

Foreign experts often point to the diversity of Perestroika in the USSR. From the point of view of the Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells, she had four vectors. The first is the "liberation of the countries of the Soviet empire" in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War; the second is economic reform; the third is the gradual liberalization of public opinion and the media; the fourth is the "controlled" democratization and decentralization of the communist system. All this could not but lead to a loosening of the foundations of the Soviet state structure, which, according to some Russian experts, was beneficial to the West. According to one of the conspiracy theories, the collapse of the USSR was the result of an information-psychological war waged by the United States against the Soviet Union. A major role in this process, based on the statements of conspiracy theorists, was assigned to the fifth column - individual ideologists of the USSR, who "turned scientific communism into a parody of science" and "smeared over the Soviet past of the country" with black paint. In order to destroy the most important link in government - the CPSU, the fifth column conducted an intensive campaign to discredit the party, and the "Gorbachev group" organized a "mass change of personnel", placing its people in key positions in all government bodies.

Publicist Leonid Shelepin emphasizes that with the destruction of the CPSU, the creation of a network structure of democrats began with the active participation of the West. After the dismemberment of the country, its wealth passed into the hands of "an insignificant group of oligarchs", and the bulk of the population was "on the verge of survival." Thus, the result of Perestroika was the forcibly imposed socio-political system, "imitating the Western one."

Good evening, gracious sovereigns and gracious sovereigns!

In this post, I will briefly touch on a topic closely related to the celebrated eightieth birthday of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev.

So, after the events referred to in Russian historiography as a putsch and which took place in the period from August 19 to 22, 1991, the collapse of the Trieseria became a fait accompli. However, there were still a few months left before the legal registration and this political fact. Therefore, formally, until December 1991, the USSR as a state recognized by the notorious international community existed. And the core of the Soviet Union since its inception was the Communist Party.
I would like to recall the outline of events preceding the aforementioned coup. So in July 1991, the last XXVIII Congress of the CPSU was held, which adopted a new party program and, thereby, determined new vectors for the development of the Trieseries.
Structurally, the party by this time was no longer an integral organization, but a collection of parties of the union republics, which was recorded in the new changed composition of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which consisted of the Secretary General (Gorbachev), his deputy (Ivashko) and the first secretaries of the Central Committee of the union republics.

Such a structure was already a harbinger of the collapse of the Trieseria, and the educated Communist Party of the RSFSR played the main role in this fact. It was she who became the factor that finally broke allied relations within the CPSU, making it the sum of allied communist parties. The add-on was no longer needed.
At the same time, within the framework of the entire quasi-state organization of Trieseria, a process was underway to develop a new order of domestic political interaction, the basis of which was to be a new Union Treaty. The old one, signed in 1922, no longer met the new realities. The signing of this agreement was scheduled for August 20, 1991 ...

It is difficult to say with complete certainty what this putsch was. I, like many of my politically engaged colleagues, believe that M. Gorbachev himself was the main customer for it. As evidence, one can cite, firstly, the indecisiveness of the actions of the putschists, and secondly, their flight to M. Gorbachev after the failure of the putsch itself. There was an impression that they simply did not follow the order, and now they were eager for new instructions. But be that as it may, the failure of the event and the subsequent collapse of the USSR became historical facts.
M. Gorbachev's resignation from the post of President of the USSR occurred after the signing of the Belovezhskaya Accords, but from the post of General Secretary of the Bolshevik Party - already on August 22, 1991 from the Nativity of Christ! Moreover, M. Gorbachev not only left the party, but also suggested that the party dissolve itself. Why?
Let's try to figure it out.

All the activities of M. Gorbachev as Secretary General of the Bolshevik Party were reduced to reforming it and, as a result, reforming the entire quasi-state structure of the Soviets.
The reforms of the last General Secretary were comprehensive.
First of all, they concerned the political sphere and represented a large-scale democratization of the entire socio-political structure of Trieseria. In Bolshevik language, this phenomenon was denoted by the word "perestroika".
Perestroika touched upon the issues of party building, changes in the national-state structure of the Trieseria, breaking up the party and state apparatus. Particularly significant was the change in foreign policy, which turned into a means of saving the USSR itself and its transformation into a more mobile modern society.
The media have become more open. Television, radio and newspapers gradually began to more objectively consider not only historical events, but also contemporary events for their readers, radio listeners and TV viewers.
Freedom touched the theater, cinema, literature, painting.
The celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the baptism of Russia was an unprecedented event for the theomachist Sovdepiya. As well as the relatively independent elections of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (one official of the Council for Religious Affairs told the author an interesting detail of these elections. In particular, for the first time a unique command came from the Central Committee: do not interfere in the elections, just observe).
Secondly, the economic sphere was reformed. This process was given the name - "acceleration".
The acceleration was aimed at developing the industrial and agricultural potential of the Soviet Union. However, industrial acceleration was followed by a revision of the sharpness of industrial development from the military to the civilian sphere (conversion). As a result, market relations were officially introduced in the Council of Deputies, enshrined in the law on cooperation. Previously, these relations were a criminally punishable act and existed only underground (black market, shop workers, etc.).
Finally, in the third head, the spiritual realm was reformed. The name of this direction is "glasnost" and "new thinking".
Glasnost opened many historical archives of past eras. As a result, whole oceans of new information were sent to the zombified Soviet slaves. Particularly painful was the information concerning the period of I. Dzhugashvili's rule (Stalin was urging him on). The cult of V. Ulyanov (Lenin) was still afraid to be cut. After all, they were still following the "true Leninist course." However, other historical periods of the Soviets were subjected to an unprecedented ideological reassessment. Perhaps the second historical myth, which was affected to a lesser extent during the reign of M. Gorbachev, was the myth of the so-called "Great Patriotic War".
The new thinking was more about the foreign policy of the Trieseries and was a way to instill confidence in the normal, highly developed countries of Western Europe, the US and Japan. They even talked about convergence, by which they understood the mutual absorption of the Council of Deputies and Europe. To this end, nuclear tests were suspended, disarmament negotiations began, and all-round relations between the USSR and the USA were improved.

All three directions not only constituted a whole, but were also generated by one team, or, if you like, the development matrix of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet of Deputies created by it.
The reforms affected the entire diversity of Soviet life. Moreover, the new ideas were followed by even newer and more radical ones. As a result, each year of M. Gorbachev's rule brought new results.

In particular, perestroika very quickly became not only a household word, but also made global changes in the entire "socialist camp". One by one, the Bolshevik regimes in Eastern Europe collapsed, and the Bolshevik regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America looked for new patrons (mainly in the face of China) and also began timid transformations.
But if in Czechoslovakia quite peacefully fell apart into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, then the collapse of the SFRY was accompanied by long ethno-confessional conflicts, the centers of which still exist.
Within the Trieseria itself, demarcations on ethnic and ideological grounds also began to take place. National movements sprang up like mushrooms after rain in the Baltic countries, Ukraine, Transcaucasia, and Turkestan. Soon these nationalist shoots bore fruit.

As a result, by 1991, enormous power was concentrated in the hands of M. Gorbachev: the Secretary General of the Bolshevik Party and the President of the Trieseria. But the very mechanism of control of these two monsters began to fall out of obedience. This led to an irreversible denouement.

As I wrote earlier about the essence of the Soviet of Deputies, the party was the very core around which everything existed.
Moreover, the merging of party and quasi-state structures was so multi-level that a significant number of top leaders simultaneously occupied top party and government posts.
Such influence allowed the party leaders to always remain in the shadows. Whatever happens, the responsibility falls on the state. And in the party itself, mutual responsibility flourished.
It can be said that it was the Bolshevik Party that was the living fabric of the entire Soviet slave-owning society. Cancer tissue. But still alive. But the quasi-state structure was just a shell protecting Bolshevism from external and internal threats.

Such a real state explains why everything could be reformed in the Soviet of Deputies, but not the Bolshevik Party itself.
See for yourself: during the period from 1917 to 1991, when the explicitly undisguised Bolsheviks were in power, they managed to carry out various “transformations”.
The Bolsheviks managed to destroy millions of people, break the backbone of the Russian peasantry during collectivization, expel or deprive the intelligentsia of death, at the cost of incredible efforts and sacrifices, win the Soviet-German war with the help of the Anglo-Saxon peace, carry out numerous reforms and repressions in the so-called Red Army, up to the reduction of officers, several times to break the system of worker-peasant militia, to reduce and transform the Chekist apparatus.
But no one succeeded in reforming the Bolshevik Party itself!
In the 1920s, those who wanted a different path quickly went to the Lubyanka basement. Some received in the equatorial country with an ice pick on the head.
I. Dzhugashvili himself could destroy thousands of party workers, but he did not change the essence of the Bolshevik party.
N. Khrushchev's attempts to reform it led to his early resignation!
L. Brezhnev did not reform the party - he ruled calmly.
To Y. Andropov and K. Chernenko, history gave very little time to the Bolshevik Olympus.

Mikhail Gorbachev became the last reformer of the Bolshevik Party. It was the reforms in the party itself that led to its death and the death of the state it created.
I dare to suggest that such a reformer as M. Gorbachev simply understood the impossibility of changing this particular organization. That is why he proposed to destroy it, which subsequently happened.

The ideology born in hell itself, through the Jewish retroslaters K. Marx and F. Engels, quietly crept into the heads of Russian revolutionaries. Having passed the incubation period in the minds of the Russian intelligentsia, the satanic ideology was born as a terrible Bolshevik atheistic monster, ready to devour the entire human world. The tip of the sting of this monster was directed against our Lord Jesus Christ himself and the entire Holy Trinity.
The members of the party became the cells of this terrible monster, and the party itself became the body. It was she who, having created a protective shell from the Soviet state, having absorbed the human, technical and natural resources of Russia, became the most poisonous detachment of the master of hell! The real head of the Bolshevik Party is the devil himself.
It was precisely the belonging of the party itself to hell and its owner - Satan, that did not allow any leader to change the imprisoned Bolshevik party for a world revolution. It was this incarceration and its real curators from hell that did not allow the Soviet Deputies to be turned into a normal state (and N. Khrushchev, L. Brezhnev, and M. Gorbachev tried to do this), and the Bolshevik Party was not transformed into a normal political organization.

After the collapse of the Trieseries, the body of the party disintegrated into its cells. These cells partially merged into various communist organizations in the former USSR, the largest of which is the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
But after the death of the party, the skeleton of the Council of Deputies itself remained. Since this skeleton reproduces precisely the party structure, it is sharpened to fulfill the same goals that the Bolshevik party pursued, or rather its demonic masters.
As a result, the Russian Federation became the legal successor of the Council of Deputies, inheriting from the last wall, ceilings and other frames of the building itself. The current inhabitants of the Kremlin, unfortunately, do not understand this. That is why they are trying to fill the quasi-state soviet structure with new liberal-democratic content (and often they don’t even try, they just go with the flow, stealing the natural and technical resources left from the Trieseries).
Thus, the creation of United Russia was an attempt to recreate the CPSU. But hell doesn't need United Russia. The owner of hell - Satan - needs members of this party, but not herself. That's why "help" is sluggish.
From the Bolshevik Council of Deputies in the Russian Federation there are symbols (mausoleum, red stars, eternal flame, place names, architecture, sculpture, etc.), which on a mystical level create an inevitable conflict with the Divine Energies emitted by Orthodox Temples.

As a result, the collapse of the current unviable regime of the Russian Federation is inevitable, unless a miracle happens and a renewed Russian Orthodox Kingdom does not arise on the ruins of Trieseria!

God bless you!

And he tried to stop him. And therefore, it is no coincidence that Gorbachev, almost immediately after coming to power, struck a blow at the Azerbaijani Chekist. So what could the "competent authorities" know about the last Soviet general secretary?

The main role in the collapse of the USSR was played by the Stavropol Judas M. Gorbachev, who was brought to power in the USSR with the help of external forces. For 6 years of his leadership of the USSR, the external debt increased by 5.5 times, and the gold reserves DECREASED by 11 times. The USSR made unilateral military-political concessions. M. Gorbachev inflicted the maximum damage to his Fatherland in the history of the country. No country in the world has NEVER had such a leader. Therefore, a Public Tribunal over Judas is needed to identify the reasons that contributed to his coming to power and destructive anti-state activities.

« When WE received information about the imminent death of the Soviet leader (it was about Yu. V. Andropov), we thought about the possible coming to power with our help of a person thanks to whom we would be able to realize our intentions. This was the assessment of my experts (and I always formed a very qualified group of experts on the Soviet Union and, as necessary, contributed to the additional emigration of the necessary specialists from the USSR). This person was M. Gorbachev, who was characterized by experts as a careless, suggestible and very ambitious person. He had good relations with the majority of the Soviet political elite, and therefore his coming to power with our help was possible.».

Margaret Thatcher. Member of the Trilateral Commission- January 1992.

While reading a book Panarin Igor Nikolaevich « First World Information War”stumbled upon an interesting material about M.S. Gorbachev. He cites some excerpts from an article dated December 29, 2004 in the newspaper "Rossiyskie Vesti" by Leonid Smolny " General liquidator».

"For some people, autumn comes early and stays for life... Where do they come from? From the ashes Where are they heading? To the grave. Do they have blood in their veins? No, that is the night wind. Is the thought pounding in their heads? No, it's a worm. Who speaks with their lips? Toad. Who looks through their eyes? Snake. Who listens with their ears? Black abyss. They stir up human souls with an autumn storm, they gnaw at the foundations of reason, they push sinners to the grave. They rage and fussily in explosions of rage, they sneak, track, lure, from them the moon sullen face and clear flowing waters are clouded. Such are the autumn people. Beware of them on your way".

Ray Douglas Bradbury, "Something Terrible Is Coming".

On March 2, 1931, a boy was born in the village of Privolnoye, Stavropol Territory. He will grow up, graduate from Moscow University, fate will elevate him to the very pinnacle of power in a mighty and great country, he will be enthusiastically accepted outside his homeland and cursed at home. He will change the map of the planet and reverse evolution. He will undoubtedly end up in the history books, even already. The only pity is that he forgot that you can not only get into history, but also get stuck.

Descended from the mountains

By the beginning of the 1980s, the Soviet Union was still outwardly strong, but invisible "worms" and "moles" were already undermining it from the inside. The country needed reforms, it was clear to everyone. The question was whose group would come to power and, accordingly, whose strategic line would prevail. The Brezhnev clan was preparing its candidacy for a "successor" to replace the leader who had fallen into senile impotence. At one time, certain forces pushed forward the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Belarusian Republican Party Committee Petra Masherova who died mysteriously in a car accident. They also talked about Petersburg Romanov. But he was compromised by the secret services.

However, unexpectedly for many, the post of General Secretary comes Yuri Andropov. It seemed to be for a long time. Despite the rumors that were widely spreading about Yuri Vladimirovich's poor health, he could have held out in the Kremlin for more than one year. Did not work out. Just as fleetingly flew in the people's memory Konstantin Chernenko. The country was tired of the funeral, and in March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the new Secretary General.

Much has been written about the intrigues that accompanied the nomination and promotion of Mikhail Sergeevich to this high position. But not all. Writers and analysts who thoughtfully talk about the undercurrents in the "Kremlin aquarium" for some reason do not mention one remarkable circumstance. Gorbachev is a southerner, next to his Stavropol are the mystical Caucasus Mountains. And in the south, everything is not only growing rapidly, but also taking root that you can’t immediately figure out.

There is a certain secret in the mechanism of moving MSG upwards.

A provincial secretary with an appropriate outlook, a limited vocabulary from old political economy textbooks, objectively had no chance of moving to Moscow. But he was moved. As they say, including the chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Yuri Andropov (which is not so, but more on that below). Gorbachev was the first secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee, the king and god of the country's largest region, where party bosses like Andropov and Suslov liked to relax, and the curator of "failed" agriculture.

Another mystery: the leader KGB of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, presumably, knew something about the Stavropol past of Gorbachev and tried to prevent him. Yuri Andropov at one time promoted Aliyev to Moscow in order, apparently, to use his dossier against Mikhail Sergeevich at the last moment. And therefore, it is no coincidence that Gorbachev, almost immediately after coming to power, struck a blow at the Azerbaijani Chekist. So what could the "competent authorities" know about the last Soviet general secretary? What scared Mikhail Sergeyevich so much?

Party intrigues

The reform plans that Yuri Andropov started included a lot, but there was never any talk of the collapse of the Soviet Union, which was subsequently done by Gorbachev, who did not hesitate to call himself Yuri Vladimirovich's nominee.

Andropov intended to move the CPSU away from governing the country, transferring full power to the Soviet "business executives". The Soviet government, and not the conclave of elders of the Politburo, was to head the administrative vertical. And Andropov also wanted to create a two-party system in the country, where the ruling party would constantly feel the breath of a competitor on its neck. This version of the reforms seems to be very different from what Mikhail Sergeevich subsequently did with the gullible people.

It is clear that the removal of the CPSU from power was not a simple matter. It was necessary first to "bleed" the party, to introduce disorganization into the well-ordered ranks. The reason for the offensive was the financial sins of the Soviet economic elite, whose affairs became the subject of attention of the KGB officers. However, before the arrival of Andropov, they could not put the accumulated information into action, because the "business executives" were covered by high-ranking party officials. But now, in 1982, the "committee" took seriously the Krasnodar and Astrakhan secretaries. But few people know that the third in this list was the former secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev.

A small digression into history. The southern direction has become a matter of concern for law enforcement agencies since a certain time. From the Republic of Afghanistan, where the contingent of Soviet troops carried out an "international mission", along with the coffins of the dead servicemen, "hard" drugs also began to arrive. Analysts of the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR saw a particular danger in the fact that the transit and distribution of narcotic substances were "covered" by both high-ranking officers of law enforcement agencies and individual representatives of the party apparatus.

Attempts to calculate the geography of the transit flows of Soviet drug traffickers were made by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Vasily Fedorchuk, his deputy for personnel Vasily Lezhepekov and the chairman of the KGB of the USSR Viktor Chebrikov. On the instructions of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, they sent Mikhail Vinogradov, head of the psychophysiological laboratory of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, the task of developing a method of covert identification of law enforcement officers who either used drugs or were in contact with narcotic substances.

The republics of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan were chosen as a testing ground for testing the method, a special team took part in the annual preventive examination of the personnel of the internal affairs bodies. As a result, it turned out that the police officers of these republics, from generals to privates, in 60 cases out of a hundred personally used drugs. But the most important thing, for which the operation was planned, and which the immediate supervisor of the study, Mikhail Vinogradov, did not know at that time, was the confirmation of the information that all drug flows from Central Asia and the Caucasus converged in the Stavropol Territory from the very beginning.

And now it became clear why, back in 1978, Mikhail Gorbachev was "pushed" from the first secretaries of the Stavropol Territory to the insignificant post of secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for "failed" agriculture. Removed from under attack? Or maybe, on the contrary, they were framed under the repressive skating rink of the "committee"? After all, by that time the Chekists had launched an "outdoor" after him.

Mysticism of Malta

Gorbachev was saved by a miracle. True, it can be said that this miracle was man-made. The strange quick deaths of two general secretaries, Andropov and Chernenko, who, in theory, were supposed to be groomed and cherished by the doctors of the Fourth Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health, still haunt many specialists and historians. Be that as it may, but after coming to power, Mikhail Sergeevich immediately defeated a group of experts from the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs who were engaged in the scandalous "Stavropol drug transit", sending some to resign, some to retire.

But the southern accent in the activities of the Secretary General only intensified. It is no coincidence that Gorbachev pulled Georgian Shevardnadze, putting him in a key area - foreign policy, appointing him who hitherto had nothing to do with diplomatic work Edward Amvrosievich to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. Shevardnadze covered Gorbachev from the rear, together they then quietly and not without benefit for themselves surrendered the foreign policy positions of a great country.

They went too far, they could be exposed by the secret services loyal to the oath. And therefore, in order not to fall under the rink of the "committee", Gorbachev and Shevardnadze deliberately forced the processes of the collapse of the USSR.

Remarkable touch.

The famous meeting in Malta, December 1989. General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George W. Bush said at the end of the meeting that their countries were no longer adversaries. And on the eve of the historic visit, a terrible storm broke out at sea. It seemed that nature itself was preventing something, trying to prevent some terrible tragedy. But what? Knowledgeable people tell how, during the negotiations, a stunned American journalist appeared on the deck of a Soviet ship, who told his colleagues in the purest Russian: " Guys, your country is finished..."

Stavropol Judas

In the last years of perestroika, the country went haywire. Gorbachev, in response to the alarming remarks of party officials that something was wrong, cheerfully replied: "We have everything calculated." But the processes were controlled not only on the Old Square. In April 1991, a plenum of the Moscow City Party Committee was held. The first secretary of the city committee, a member of the Politburo of the CPSU, Yuri Prokofiev, announced the agenda.

It stated that the group of the Moscow Party Organization, together with the bloc of secretaries of the Siberian and Ural party organizations, including the committees of the largest industrial enterprises, was submitting a single item for consideration by the upcoming plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU: on the dismissal of Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. However, behind the scenes, Mikhail Sergeevich outplayed his opponents. It turned out that plenum was postponed to the end of August. And in the interim, it was planned to sign the Union Treaty developed in Novo-Ogaryovo.

GKChP. Suppose that Kryuchkov and his comrades would not have performed in August 1991. So what? Nothing special. A plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU was held, President Gorbachev was removed from party power. In the future, the course of events could develop as follows:

1. The CPSU was losing its influence, embarking on the path of reform(split into two or three parties - the same Andropov version),

2. the transition of the economy to market rails would be launched as planned(according to the Chinese model), democracy would be built, but not according to Western false patterns.

With such a combination, both Gorbachev and Yeltsin would have been taken out of the "big game."

So the August conspiracy objectively played into the hands of Mikhail Sergeevich, who thus tried to outplay the party opposition. Yeltsin also won, who, in the event of the signing of the Union Treaty, retained the post of chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. However, after the GKChP, the chances were missed.

Once one of the former presidents of the former Soviet republic asked Gorbachev: " Why are you tearing our people away from the Russians?" . In response, Gorbachev simply lowered his eyes. He betrayed those who at first believed his demagogy and hoped to lead the country out of the political and economic impasse through a single maneuver, playing on the principle of "both ours and yours." Selfishness in life and politics, personal irresponsibility - this is the verdict of history.

Starting the reforms of the USSR in 1985, M.S. Gorbachev acted according to a clearly developed “ Council on Foreign Relations". Of course, he did not know its content, and he hardly knew about its existence. Real architects of perestroika know how to keep secrets. M. Gorbachev simply knew that he was helped to come to power by external forces, whose requests he had to listen to.

Only D. Rockefeller knew about the contents of the plan in full. About some components of the plan knew M. Thatcher, G. Kissinger, Z. Brzezinski and a number of other people. Let's call it conditional Combiner plan. Like the top secret information war plan against the USSR in 1943 "Rankin", so the combiner plan will never be published.

It is symbolic, however, that if W. Churchill was the initiator of the Rankin plan, then British M. Thatcher played a key role in the Combiner plan. In fact, it was she who managed to achieve:

1. successful recruiting approach to M.S. Gorbachev using his suggestibility and ambition in 1984.

2. Simultaneously she had a plump folder with compromising evidence on the former Stavropol combine operator prepared for her by a foreign intelligence resident of the KGB of the USSR in London and at the same time by an agent of British intelligence MI-6 (since 1974) Colonel Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky. November 14, 1985 O.A. Gordievsky was sentenced in absentia "for treason to the motherland" to death with confiscation of property. The verdict was not canceled even after the collapse of the USSR.

3. The Combiner plan also had a clear economic component. aimed at disorganizing the Soviet economy and its falling under the influence of transnational corporations. To a certain degree it was Marshall Plan 2, on the economic enslavement of the USSR.

At the end of 1987, when the Government of the USSR prepared its proposals for the country's economy for 1988. According to these proposals, a solid national economic plan was transformed into a state order, fully provided with financial and material resources. At the same time, the order was reduced to 90 - 95% of the total production volume, and the remaining 5 - 10% of the enterprise's products received the right to dispose of it at its discretion on the basis of contractual relations. In subsequent years, using the experience gained, it was supposed to gradually establish the optimal level of government orders.

At a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU at the end of 1987, M. Gorbachev achieved a decision to finalize the draft Government, as a result of which the level of state orders was reduced by one third, and for a number of ministries - by more than half. Obviously, M. Gorbachev acted on external instructions.

I believe that these were targeted actions to destroy the Soviet economy. Everything went in accordance with the note of the KGB of the USSR in 1977 on the formation of the Fifth Column. Let us recall some of its provisions:

« 1. The US CIA, based on the analysis and forecast of its specialists on the future paths of development of the USSR, develops plans to intensify hostile activities aimed at the decomposition of Soviet society and the disorganization of the socialist economy.

2. For these purposes, American intelligence sets the task of recruiting agents of influence from among Soviet citizens, training them and further promoting them in the sphere of managing the politics, economy and science of the Soviet Union.

3. The CIA developed individual training programs for agents of influence, providing for the acquisition of espionage skills by them, as well as their concentrated political and ideological indoctrination. In addition, one of the most important aspects of the training of such agents is the teaching of management methods at the leading level of the national economy.

4. The leadership of American intelligence plans purposefully and persistently, regardless of costs, to search for persons who, by their personal and business qualities, will in the future take administrative positions in the control apparatus and fulfill the tasks formulated by the enemy».

Operation "Perestroika" - economic reform.

1. After the instructions of M.S. Gorbachev, using free contractual prices, many enterprises at first began to receive huge money - super profits, but not due to an increase in production, but due to its monopoly position. As a result, revenues in 1988 increased by 40 billion rubles, in 1989 - by 60 billion rubles, and in 1990 - by 100 billion rubles. (instead of the usual increase of 10 billion rubles). The consumer market was blown up, all goods literally "flew" from the shelves.

2. Everywhere unprofitable products began to be removed from production - a cheap assortment was washed out. If the state order was sharply reduced in engineering and a number of other industries, then in the fuel and energy complex, it amounted to 100%.

3. Miners bought everything they needed for production at negotiated prices, and sold coal at state prices. This was one of the main reasons for the outbreak of miners' strikes. Justice has been violated. There was a break in the established relationships in the national economy.

4. Regional interests began to come to the fore, which became a breeding ground for separatism.

The result of perestroika- socio-economic collapse: management of production, finances, money circulation was lost. But after all, this was the main goal of Operation Perestroika as part of the Kombainer information warfare plan against the USSR.

Before perestroika, the state budget of the USSR was adopted and executed without a deficit.

5. For 1988, for the first time, it was adopted without an excess of income over expenses in a balanced amount. But already in 1989, the state budget of the USSR was already adopted with a budget deficit about 36 billion rubles, but loans from the State Bank were included in budget revenues, which had never before been included in budget revenues in the amount of more than 64 billion rubles. That is, in fact, the budget deficit amounted to 100 billion rubles! Therefore, soon the consumer market was “exploded”, problems began with the food supply of the population.

6. Renunciation of the monopoly of production and sale of alcoholic beverages in 1989 alone, it led to the loss of more than 20 billion rubles of turnover tax revenues from the state budget.

7. The country's economy began to experience problems, production volumes decreased by 20% compared to 1985, prices steadily crept up, there was unemployment.

8. The state external debt has increased many times over the years of perestroika and became the main means of covering the budget deficit. The public domestic debt grew even more rapidly.

9. After M. Gorbachev came to power crime has risen sharply. The number of crimes increased annually by 30%. Already in 1989, the number of prisoners in the USSR (1.6 million people) became 2 times more than in 1937. The number of premeditated murders in 1989 (19 thousand) was one and a half times more than the number of dead Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan in ten years.

Political reform

And in these unstable socio-economic conditions, the implementation of POLITICAL REFORM begins. A similar scheme was used by the CIA and MI6 in 1953 to overthrow the government of Mossadegh. in Iran, after which oil production came under the control of transnational corporations.

1. In the course of the POLITICAL REFORM, the informational moral liquidation of all the heroes and prominent people who were the pride of the Russian people was carried out. In its course, the emphasis was placed on the implementation of Allen Dulles' keynote speech in 1945. Almost all the heroes of the Great Patriotic War were subjected to sophisticated slanderous accusations and outrage, the same was done in relation to more distant Russian history, including Peter I, Catherine II, Ivan the Terrible.

2. The devilization of individual personalities and historical periods of Russia began. All Russian history, according to the versions of the late 80s, was the history of nonentities. So, gradually step by step the idea of ​​the inferiority of the Russian people began to be instilled. These information and ideological actions were successfully carried out "Colombian" A.N. Yakovlev, who was at the same time close to both M.S. Gorbachev and CIA agent O. Kalugin.

3. The media, supervised by A.N. Yakovlev, proclaimed the concept of freedom of speech and launched a phased anti-state campaign. Taking into account the interaction carried out "Colombian" A.N. Yakovlev with another "Colombian" - General of the KGB of the USSR and a CIA agent O. Kalugin, it can be assumed that the main "temniki", comments for the Soviet media were developed overseas.

4. The comments developed in New York were based on the conclusions of the so-called "Harvard Project", a study led by Allen Dulles, aimed at studying the underlying mechanisms of social consciousness in the USSR and searching for "pain points" for its destruction. Under external information and ideological control, the Soviet media began to work for the destruction of the state. The media was led by a group of globalist-Trotskyists A. Yakovlev, V. Medvedev, V. Korotich, D. Volkogonov and others, who had previously severely punished dissent and carried out strict censorship of "anti-socialist" views. They were M. Gorbachev's closest associates in the cause of the collapse of the USSR.

5. The rewriting of history has become widespread. An illustration can be the replacement of the crimes of the Western colonialists, who carried out the enslavement and mass destruction of defenseless peoples, their, allegedly an enlightening civilizing mission with the establishment of democratic ideals. But the development of the West, starting from the 15th century, was largely due to the robbery of the colonies. In fact, Western Europe as a whole exploited huge masses of enslaved people. The colonial model of the development of the world created by the British Empire was unfair. Internal European contradictions were smoothed out by receipts from the colonies. Russia, on the other hand, lived at the expense of its labor, it created its own wealth. She also had to constantly repel external invasions from the West and East.

6. Globalists-Trotskyists, having organized an information cover from the media and the loyal West, launched a total cleansing in all levels of the USSR administration. In 1986-1989 under the pressure of M. Gorbachev, 82.2% of the secretaries of regional committees, regional committees and republican Central Committees of the CPSU were removed from their posts. It was the largest purge in the history of the CPSU. And it was not just a shuffling of frames. It was their defeat in accordance with the recommendations of the Council on Foreign Relations. The country was preparing for collapse. A massive fire was opened to kill the "headquarters".

Powerful anti-state propaganda was launched on Soviet TV channels, ostensibly to combat the mythical BRAKING MECHANISM on the part of party cadres. Myself the term, BRAKING MECHANISM, was coined by experts at Harvard University. In the defeat of the Soviet system of government at the first stage, the "dogmatists-Suslovites" also took part, led by Yegor Ligachev, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Then it will be the turn of the "dogmatists". But it was they who were used at first as a battering ram, to destroy the CPSU.

Suslov Mikhail

and Egor Ligachev

After all, the positions of the globalist-Trotskyists until 1987 were weak in the Soviet system of government. And without the support of "technocrats" and "dogmatists" they could not do. A KEY FACTOR in the collapse of the USSR is M. Gorbachev's anti-state course. It was M. Gorbachev who laid the main mines, the explosion of which in 1991 led to the collapse of the USSR.

7. Having reviewed the system of former geopolitical priorities of the USSR-Russia, M. Gorbachev began to form a new foreign policy course. It was based on the abstract primacy of universal human values. Implementation of the new foreign policy course in practice led to unilateral concessions and took destructive forms.

8. The overly forced withdrawal of our troops from Eastern Europe had its consequences in a sharp weakening of the geopolitical interests of the USSR-Russia. The collapse of many years of contacts with former allies led to the displacement of the USSR-Russia from many regions of the world, to large geopolitical and economic losses.

On December 15, 1991, the American newspaper THE WASHINGTON POST published an article analyzing the reign of MS Gorbachev. These newspapers show what is the economic efficiency, one might say "profitability" of the information war against the USSR.

Name ..............................1985 ................1991

Soviet gold reserves ....... 2500 tons .............. 240 tons

The official dollar exchange rate..0.64 rubles.............90 rubles

Economic growth rates.........+2.3%..................- 11%

External debt, USD..............10.5 billion..............52.0 billion

If you try to objectively analyze the reasons for the defeat of the USSR in the information war, then the main reason is the inability of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR to counteract, which led to the creation of the Fifth Column inside the USSR and the coming to the leadership of the country of a group of globalist-Trotskyists headed by M. Gorbachev.