Correct turns of speech. How to develop speech: simple exercises

Good speech will never go out of style. People are always pleased to deal with someone who not only shines with inner beauty, but also knows how to most accurately give his thought a speech form. In addition, superbly delivered is not something like a gift of nature. It can and should be developed.

Correct oral and written language

Each language has a unique wealth, peculiar to it, and it is a sin not to take advantage of this. This is especially true of the language that is native to a person. When you hear competent speech or there is an ideally designed text in front of your eyes, without a single mistake, then a positive impression is immediately formed about the author, the interlocutor.

Develop a culture of writing and oral speech- everyone's duty. And this happens every day in the process of communication, learning. After all, it is not for nothing that they say that with smart person not only is it pleasant to talk, but just to be silent.

Criteria for literate speech

Moving on to a more detailed consideration of this concept, it should be noted that speech culture means:

the relevance of what was said;
literacy of written or spoken information;
comprehension of the interlocutor's phrases, clarity;
wealth, which consists in the use of various epithets, phraseological units, metaphors, etc.;
variety, lack of tautology, unnecessary repetitions that pollute the meaning of what was said;
aesthetics.

Lack of literate speech skills

All these errors perceptibly hurt the ear and do not carry absolutely any valuable information about the speaker, do not create an image of a literate person.

How to develop competent speech?

The quality of competent speech must be improved daily, brought to perfection. After all, even if a person is intellectually developed, well-read, has a deep inner peace, but, alas, is not able to express himself clearly, then what he says will only be known to him.

So, the development of literate speech requires the implementation of several simple rules:

Many consider the delivered competent speech a talent that is given to the elect and is necessary only in some areas of activity. In fact, everyone should think about how to develop speech. After all good diction makes you listen to to the speaking person and trust his opinion more. In addition, such skill often contributes to career growth, especially if job duties you need to communicate with people often.

Basic techniques and exercises for developing speech

Below we will provide the most effective exercise to improve diction. Clear speech and a well-trained voice are the result of long and hard work on yourself. Therefore, it is necessary to perform these exercises regularly, and not from time to time, because this is the only way you will achieve progress in the development of your speech.

Warm-up for the articulation apparatus

Short warm-ups will help you to adjust yourself to the clarity of pronunciation before performing any exercises aimed at developing diction. One of her options is to grip the pencil tightly with your teeth and say a phrase about 10-15 words long. Then take out the pencil and say the same phrase again. In order not to think about the choice of text every time, you can use any poem when performing this exercise.

Exercises aimed at improving their mobility and accuracy will also help to start speaking better and to strengthen the muscles of the organs involved in the speech process. After all, it is these characteristics that are required for the development of diction and high-quality pronunciation of sounds.

As you know, the most mobile organ of articulation is the tongue. Therefore, most of the gymnastics is associated with it. There are many exercises that, if done regularly, will eliminate the need to ponder over the question of how to develop speech. For example, you can stick out your tongue and try to reach them first to the chin, and then to the nose. Or, like with a brush, draw lines from the teeth to the larynx with smooth movements.

Pronouncing phrases with artificially complicated articulation

Tongue twisters for the development of diction are considered classic version workout. With their help, you can practice the clarity of pronouncing different consonants in a calm atmosphere. To achieve excellent results, it is enough to allocate at least 5-10 minutes daily for classes. However, there is one thing for developing good diction. important rule: Speak each phrase at a slow, medium and very fast pace.

You can start training with the most simple sentences that teach you to clearly pronounce one or two sounds. For example, it can be:

All beavers are kind to their beavers.

A skinny, weak Koschey, dragging a box of vegetables.

Klim pounded in one pancake wedge.

The thunderstorm is formidable, the thunderstorm is formidable.

Harrow was harrowed unharrowed field.

Mow, scythe, while the dew is, the dew is gone - and we are home.

Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass; do not chop wood on the grass of the yard.

Whether the fox sat down at the village, or at the edge of the forest.

The census rewrote the three times rewritten census results.

There are also more complex phrases that help to understand how to learn to speak clearly and quickly words, in which the pronunciation of two or more sounds in difficult combinations is practiced:

The talker said to the talkers: "I said, do not tell the talker that the talker has spoken," the talker has a talker. The talker spoke, and the mouth of the talker began to talk a little, and then the talker says at last: "Stop talking, the talker talked."
The commander spoke about the colonel and the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel and the lieutenant colonel, about the lieutenant and the surety, about the second lieutenant and the second lieutenant, about the warrant officer and the warrant officer, about the warrant officer, but he was silent about the second lieutenant.
In the yard there is firewood, behind the yard there is firewood, under the yard there is firewood, above the yard there is firewood, firewood along the yard, firewood in the width of the yard, does not fit the yard of firewood! We'll probably push the wood out of your yard back to the wood yard.
The cap is not sewn in a Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured out in a Kolokolov style, the cap must be re-capped, re-capped, re-capped, re-capped.
Already stung by a snake. I can't get along with a snake. Already from horror became already - a snake will eat a snake for dinner and say: "Start over."

Pronouncing tongue twisters

There are also special tongue twisters for developing diction and eliminating problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds. Good way to figure out what exactly will need to be corrected - to listen to your own speech from the side. After the problems are identified, you can start working on the development of diction.

First you need to learn how to pronounce an isolated sound correctly. Then it is necessary to achieve a distinction in speech of similar sounds, for example, "s" and "w" or "p" and "l". Pronouncing special phrases can be a significant help in correcting your speech, for example:

Lara played the lyre.
Forty mice walked, they found forty pennies, and two flatter mice found two pennies each.
The Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria.
A Cossack with a saber rode to Sasha to play checkers.
Sasha walked along the highway and sucked drying. Beavers wander into bora cheeses. Beavers are brave, but kind to beavers.
The bull is dull-lipped, the bull is dull-lipped, the bull has a dull white lip.
There was a white-winged ram, All the rams were over-white-winged.
I visited Frol, I lied to Frol on the Lavra, I will go to the Lavra, the Lavra on Frol navra.

It’s worth moving on to working on the next sound only after you achieve the correct pronunciation of the first sound.

Reading aloud

In addition to pronouncing tongue twisters, it is also useful to read aloud to develop diction. Recording your voice on a dictaphone can be a good incentive. Few people, having heard their speech, will not want to improve it. By reading sections from books and making audio recordings, you can practice pronunciation until it becomes almost perfect.

How to learn to speak so that it is really pleasant and interesting to listen to you? When reading aloud, avoid monotony and change intonation. In addition, it is worth changing the volume and reading speed, learning to highlight with pauses the most important points... But at the same time, control your speech so that such pauses are appropriate and not too long.

Also, do not lose sight of the fact that others are best perceived by a calm and confident voice. Whether it will be so depends largely on the mood and inner state of the person, his ability to control emotions. However, by developing diction, you can learn to speak calmly and convincingly. For example, why not imagine yourself as a politician and talk about the state of the economy in the country, sitting in front of a mirror?

Expanding vocabulary

Another important aspect to consider is the need for constant intellectual development and vocabulary replenishment. A well-developed person in any situation can maintain a conversation and find the right words. To become just like that, it is worth reading more, doing crosswords more often and attending various trainings on.

If you take even a few minutes every day to work on improving your diction, after a few months you will begin to speak well, and the voice itself will be transformed beyond recognition. At the same time, all the efforts made will undoubtedly be rewarded over time.

Diaphragm training

In the question of how to deliver a speech, very important aspect is the ability to control breathing. Without it, the text can be interrupted by pauses and breaths in those places where this violates its meaning or worsens emotionality. As a result, speech will become abrupt, and the meaning of what is said is perceived worse.

Therefore, one of the first exercises to develop diction should be training to develop correct breathing:

Spread your legs shoulder-width apart, straighten your spine, put one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. Inhaling through your nose, push your belly forward. Then calmly exhale the air through a small opening in the lips, returning the chest and abdomen to their original position.
To improve your ability to speak over time, you can make the exercise harder. To do this, try to maintain correct breathing and while walking, jogging in the wrong place, imitate chopping wood or sweeping the floor.
You can also improve the development of diction with the help of the following exercise. To begin with, inhale calmly, and as you exhale, pull any vowel letter as long as possible. When you can hold the vowel for more than 25 seconds, try changing the tone of the voice.

Root Causes of Speech Problems

It is impossible to achieve positive results in the development of diction, if you do not understand the causes of speech disorders. Only occasionally are they associated with health problems and develop, for example, due to an abnormal structure of the jaw or a short frenum of the tongue.

For many people, speech problems are triggered by incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, as well as the absence of the sounds "L" or "R", or a violation of their pronunciation. A weakened articulation apparatus may also be the cause.

Even if a person can speak well, pronouncing all sounds correctly, in especially significant situations his speech can become blurry and indistinct. Indeed, when pronouncing words, the articulatory apparatus must very quickly switch from one movement to another. This is achieved only with active and intensive work of the muscles that need to be trained, for example, regularly pronouncing tongue twisters for diction.

but the main reason slurred, quiet speech is a person's shyness and lack of self-confidence. In such a situation, the development of diction is a secondary problem. First of all, you need to work on your own character and fight against complexes.

How to learn to speak beautifully

Brevity, clarity, literacy - the basics of correct and beautiful speech

People have forgotten how to speak correctly and beautifully (for a number of reasons, starting with the general decline of culture in the 90s of the last century). This needs to be learned again. At least because such speech not only positively characterizes a person, but also helps him to communicate with other people, to achieve success in work and personal life. Imagine this situation. You are communicating with a person who uses vulgar, slang words. Would you like to continue the conversation with him? Of course not.

Not all people are gifted with oratory. However, with desire and diligence, almost everyone can learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Moreover, the Russian language is extremely rich. It makes it possible to describe any object with the utmost clarity and imagery, to characterize any person, to express an attitude to this or that event, natural phenomenon, work of art, etc. With the help of its features, you can emphasize the slightest nuances, shade one or another detail, a character trait. In this respect, few languages can compare with Russian.

It is not at all necessary that such a description or expression be verbose. After all, a speech that is too long, even a beautiful and imaginative one, tires the listeners, and sometimes can cause irritation. As a result, the expected effect of the spoken words will not be achieved.

Therefore, you should remember that one of the main requirements for correct and beautiful speech is brevity. We must quickly move on to the main point of the issue, without delaying the introduction, without being distracted by extraneous details. Then you will be listened to attentively, and your arguments will have the due effect.

Of course, you don't have to go to the opposite extreme, following the example of the ancient Spartans, famous for their brevity. She is also good in moderation

It is necessary to speak clearly and convincingly. Whatever it is about, the speaker's words should be clear to any person, even those who do not have high level intelligence. The whole effect of speech will disappear if the listeners keep trying to understand: "What does he mean?" Therefore, you should not use specific terms that are familiar only to a narrow circle of specialists, for example. It is also necessary, if possible, to refrain from too frequent use of foreign words. Indeed, in most cases, they can be replaced with Russian counterparts.

And, of course, you need to speak correctly. A very unpleasant impression is made by a person who makes mistakes in stress or misuses words. For example, the whole effect of a convincing and beautiful speech can be spoiled by the word “lay down”, said instead of the word “lay”. Likewise, the head of a company who makes mistakes in stress when pronouncing the words "contract", "kilometer" is unlikely to arouse respect and trust among business partners.

Make it a rule: as little jargon as possible. They are quite acceptable when communicating in a narrow circle or in in social networks but not in a public speech.

Moreover, try in every possible way to avoid rude, vulgar expressions (not to mention obscene ones). They are not the best way characterize the person who uses them

An example of beautiful correct speech - Russian classical literature

To learn to speak correctly, figuratively and beautifully, you need to read as much as possible. classical pieces... Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Chekhov, Leskov ... This is far from full list masters of the artistic word, who were fluent in the Russian language and left us an invaluable artistic legacy. In their works, you will find countless examples of truly beautiful speech. Although some words are outdated these days, and some phrases may seem ponderous, unnatural, Russian classics will help you learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Read the works of these masters and after a while you yourself will notice that your vocabulary enriched, and you want to speak, imitating their heroes.

Attend performances based on the works of masters of classical literature, or watch them on TV. It will also help you learn to speak correctly and beautifully.

You can also read the explanatory Russian dictionary and write down your favorite words. But remember that some of them may not be familiar to your audience, so try not to use them when dealing with opponents.

The ability to speak beautifully and coherently is instilled in a person from childhood. But sometimes it happens that in adulthood, speech problems make themselves felt. Meanwhile, the delivered speech is needed in all spheres of life: at work, in interpersonal relationships, while going to the store, cinema, theater, beauty salon and in other everyday situations. The attitude towards us depends on our ability to speak. So how to develop speech and learn to speak beautifully?

Speech defects such as burr or lisp can be associated with congenital diseases. And these shortcomings are the first thing that needs to be eliminated in order to develop speech. Therefore, before wondering how to develop beautiful speech, you need to visit a speech therapist to eliminate possible defects. On our website you can find answers to questions - and in more detail.

Sometimes the patient is prescribed surgery, after which the person can use their speech with maximum efficiency. After removing all physical obstacles, you can already start thinking about how to improve speech and make it varied and exciting.

Exercises and Techniques

For an adult, it is important to speak beautifully and coherently. And in order to develop this skill, to improve your speech, you need to constantly work on yourself. The following exercises will help in comprehending the skill:

Expanding vocabulary. Choose a short, prosaic text that you like. Arm yourself with a dictionary of the Russian language and a dictionary of synonyms. Your task is to replace words in the text with synonyms. You can choose phrases, catch phrases instead of words. At first, try to replace only adjectives, over time, move on to other parts of speech.
To develop logic and intelligence, work with keywords. To do this, select a small text and, without looking, point your finger at a word in it. It can be absolutely any part of speech that carries a semantic load. In this way, define 5 keywords for yourself. Use imagination and logic and come up with a story or story using keywords. At a later stage of training, you can select more keywords.
To develop confident speech and give it the correct emotional tone, work with the text from the previous exercise. Stand in front of the mirror. Read your text without emotion. Then give it the emotional color that you think is appropriate. While doing this, watch your facial expression. Is it appropriate if you were telling the text to someone? Work with multiple emotions. Read the story with joy, sadness, embarrassment, disappointment, and whatever feelings you can remember.
Use a voice recorder. You need to record your voice four times. The first two times you should read a poem and a prose with expression. You cannot read the third and fourth times, you need to recite the same works by heart. Rate your speech according to two criteria: whether you like it and whether others would like it. You should recite from memory as confidently and with the same expression as you read. Work this exercise until your speech sounds perfect. If you are having trouble memorizing a poem, then read our article -.
This exercise will effectively deliver speech to an adult. But you need a partner to do it. As in one of the previous exercises, select 10 keywords from your favorite text. According to these words, you have to conduct a dialogue with your interlocutor. The task is considered completed if the replies of adults are not strained, the conversation goes easily and naturally, both partners succeed in speaking coherently and beautifully. You should feel that the conversation is interesting to you.

These are tips on how to make your speech beautiful and learn how to support any conversation. In order for these exercises to bring even greater effect and to be easily performed, it is advisable to first perform actions before them to warm up the muscles of the tongue, face and breath. We will be helped in this. Below are also very effective activities.

We put on a stage speech

It is often difficult to deliver a speech to an adult because of the weak muscles of the tongue. To eliminate this problem, you need to exercise until the root of the tongue feels tired. Accordingly, the muscles will be strengthened.

Imagine holding a piece of your favorite fruit or berry in your mouth. Start pressing the delicacy into the sky with your tongue. Imagine how you taste.
Close your lips tightly. Lick your teeth with outside until you feel tired.
Open your mouth, stick out your tongue. Begin to gradually nibble slightly with your teeth along its entire length. Do this for about a minute.

The following exercises for developing speech in adults are aimed at warming up the muscles of the face:

Pull your lips out with a straw, then immediately smile as wide as possible. Do 10-15 reps.
Pull your lips with a tube and rotate them first clockwise, then counterclockwise. Do 15-20 reps in each direction.
Divide your face into 2 halves mentally by drawing a vertical line. At first, try to move the muscles on one part of your face until it is completely tired. Then move on to the second half.

You should now figure out how to breathe properly. To do this, stand up straight, put your hand on your stomach. Breathe in the air slowly. At the same time, the abdomen should protrude. If you breathe through your chest, your belly will stay in place. You need to learn how to breathe with the diaphragm, and your stomach must move.

From now on, when you develop your speech through the exercises, always make sure that your breathing is correct.

Tongue twisters as an aid to the speaker

How to improve speech without diction? No actor or speaker has yet been able to do this. Therefore, you need to work on diction. For this, reading or pronouncing tongue twisters by heart is suitable. Any tongue twisters you can find will do, you can use the popular "" tongue twister. Here is also, for example, one of the most difficult:

“When we were broke, we lazily caught burbot
And we exchanged burbot for you tench.
Didn't you beg me for love?
And in the fogs of Liman they beckoned me. "

It is advisable to memorize tongue twisters so that you can practice at any time of the day and anywhere.

We talked about how to develop competent speech. Be confident, train yourself as much as you can, and within a month you will begin to reap the rewards of your efforts. Developing your speech and learning oratory is not only pleasant, but also necessary for everyday life.

The ability to express yourself competently lies not only in the lexical combination of words and the correct placement of stress. It is necessary to learn how to distinguish the main thing from a large amount of information.

Imagine that you are watching an interesting TV show that your friends have been telling you so enthusiastically. After the tenth episode, the most interesting begins, and the producer, as luck would have it, stretched this moment and hid the climax behind a bunch of unnecessary details. After a few more episodes, you quit watching and switch to a more informative motion picture.

This is the case with speech. Opponents are not interested in listening to a story with a mass of minute details. The story should be concise, logically connected. Boredom pushes people away and kills interest.

Step # 2. Increase your vocabulary

Refuse to use those words, the meaning of which you do not understand. To expand the area of knowledge in terms of Russian speech will help Dictionary... If you do not know the meaning of foreign words, refer to the World Wide Web. Such actions not only help to express themselves in different ways, but also contribute to infusion into different segments of the population. After a month of regular practice, you should be able to find mutual language with teachers, dancers and professors. Get in the habit of learning the meaning of 3-4 words a day. It is important to learn, understand and remember the aspects learned.

Exclude words that do not carry any meaning. These include "not the month of May." May is a specific period called a month. It cannot be a year or an hour. Also, common examples that do not represent separate information are considered to be "step back", "lift up", etc.

Step # 4. Retell the information received

Psychologists advise standing in front of a mirror and talking to a reflection. Of course, it makes sense to try this technique. But there is another way that a person can learn literacy. Once a week, gather your friends together (at least 4-5 people) and retell them the previously acquired knowledge. Have you seen an interesting movie? Highlight the essence and try to present the plot in an interesting, concise manner, without unnecessary preludes.

Watch the public's reaction. If listeners yawn, drop their eyes, or ask questions that are not relevant, they are bored. In this case, you have 2 ways out: to analyze on your own what exactly you did wrong, or to contact your opponents directly. A common mistake the newly minted "narrators" is the overuse of pronouns instead of naming heroes by name.

Step # 5. Avoid tautology

A tautology is a figure of speech when the speaker uses words that are close in meaning or with the same root. These phrases are difficult to read and should be avoided. An example of a tautology can be considered "oil oil" or "a similar analogue". Remember, this rule is fundamental to competent speech.

To learn how to choose the right words, you can follow the announcers on radio or TV, and then analyze their mistakes. People who have main jobs should look at remote article writing activities. Copywriting forces you to select words that are the same in meaning, but different in pronunciation.

Step 6. read books

Classical literature is rightfully considered a model artistic speech... Unconsciously, you will begin to adopt words and expressions from books that are ideal for a particular situation. Don't rely on reading for 15 minutes every day to make your speech literate. This process needs to be allocated at least 2-4 hours a day.

After a month, the information you read will make itself felt, you will no longer experience difficulties in choosing words and constructing sentences. People who learn through mastering fiction are called well-read. This is due to the fact that a person begins to express himself in words that were once learned, learned at the subconscious level.

Step 7. Follow the speech

In the Russian language there are a lot of slangs that are intended for specific situations... In a formal setting and during public speaking before the upper strata of the population it is necessary to use professional vocabulary... When talking with friends or "ordinary" people, you should give preference to youth slang. When it comes to expressive jargon, ditch it altogether. The words "khata", "bucks", "wheelbarrow" do not in any way intersect with competent speech.