Morphological signs of the verb table. Meaning and grammatical signs of verb

The verb, as part of speech, is characterized by signs that may be non-permanent and permanent. In the first case, grammatical categories vary depending on the context, in the second - do not change under any circumstances. The article presents both signs with examples.

Signs of verb - These are the grammatical categories of verb forms that are inherent in the verb as part of speech. In Russian allocate constant and not permanent signs verb.

Permanent signs of verb

Permanent signs of verb - These are grammatical categories inherent in all verb forms (hidden verbs, infinitive, communion, verbalism). These features do not change depending on the context in which the verb is used.

• View - A sign that determines exactly how the action is happening.
  • The verbs of the perfect species answer the question "What to do?" (examples: read, multiply);
  • Verbs imperfect species answer the question "What to do?" (transfer, divide).
• Return - The category that determines the potential state (biting) or the effect of the subject (washing) aimed at itself, or the actions of several objects whose actions are sent to each other (tool).
  • Return glasses (figure out, hug);
  • Non-refundable verbs (hug, combat).
• Transitivity - a sign that determines the process or action passing to the object.
  • Transient verbs (drink coffee, chop vegetables);
  • Unprofitable verbs (believe, play).
• Type of Hidness - Category that defines the features of the rigging of verbs in terms of numbers and persons.
  • I Hiding (sewing, sailing);
  • II Hiding (shine, clean);
  • Single Speed (run, want).

Non-permanent signs of verb

Non-permanent signs of verb - These are grammatical categories inherent in the hidden verbs and communions. These categories vary depending on the context in which the word is used.

• Mood - Category expressing the attitude of the action or process to reality. The sign is peculiar to the hidden forms of verbs.
  • Explicitive (examples: rewrite, feel);
  • Imperative (rewrite, feel);
  • Conditional (I would remember, I would feel).
• Number - Category, denoting the number of actors acting. The sign is inherent in the hidden forms and communions.
  • Multiple (visited, ordered);
  • The only thing (built, saved).
• Time - A category indicating how the point was carried out with respect to the moment of speech. The sign is inherent in verbs in the expressive inclination.
  • Future (Colon, will ride, decorate);
  • The present (collects, drive, decorate);
  • Past (collected, went, decorated).
• Face - Category indicating who the action is performed. The sign is peculiar to the verbs of the expressive inclination (present and future time) and insecurity.
  • 1st face (Print, play, spoomete);
  • 2nd face (Install, build, look, write);
  • 3rd face (translates, stepping).
• Rank - Category indicating the sexual affiliation of the subject performed. The sign is peculiar to the seasons, the verbs of the time of expressing inclination and verbs of the conditional inclination.
  • Male (filled, scattered, welded);
  • Female (stitched, washed, moved);
  • Middle (prepared, gave way to use).

Glag Collection Plan

I.	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II.	Initial form (infinitive). Morphological signs:
	A.	Permanent morphological signs:
		1	view (perfect, imperfect);
		2	return (non-returnable, returnable);
		3	transitivity (transitional, non-transition);
		4	conjugation;
	B.	Non-permanent morphological signs:
		1	mood;
		2	time (in the zealing inclination);
		3	number;
		4	face (in the present, the future; in imperative inclination);
		5	rank (In the singular time and subjunctive inclination).
III	Role in sentence (What a member of the sentence is the verb in this sentence).

Samples of learning verbs

Love to ride - Love and Santocho carry (proverb).

Love

1. what are you doing?
2. N. f. - be in love. Morphological signs:
   1) imperfect;
   2) non-return;
   3) transitional;
   4) II Hiding.
   
   2) of the present time;
   3) the only number;
   4) 2nd persons.

Ride

1. Verb; denotes action; answers the question what to do?
2. N. f. - ride. Morphological signs:
   A) Permanent morphological signs:
   1) imperfect;
   2) Return;
   3) non-repease;
   4) I Hiding.
   B) non-permanent morphological signs. Used in the form of an infinitive (unchanged form).
3. The proposal is part of a composite verb faith.

Love

1. Verb; denotes action; answers the question what do you do?
2. N. f. - be in love. Morphological signs:
   A) Permanent morphological signs:
   1) imperfect;
   2) non-return;
   3) transitional;
   4) II Hiding.
   B) non-permanent morphological signs. Used in shape:
   1) imperative inclinations;
   2) the only number;
   3) 2nd persons.
3. The proposal is part of a composite verb faith.

Pakhote began (Provine).

Began

1. Verb; denotes action; answers the question what did you do?
2. N. f. - to begin. Morphological signs:
   A) Permanent morphological signs:
   1) perfect species;
   2) Return;
   3) non-repease;
   4) I Hiding.
   B) non-permanent morphological signs. Used in shape:
   1) expressive inclinations;
   2) past time;
   3) the only number;
   4) female genus.
3. The proposal is a surehead.

The unstable sign of the verb is what? Answer to asked question You will find in the materials of the submitted article. In addition, we will tell you about what form has this part of speech, as it is inclined, etc.

General

Before you understand what constant and non-permanent signs of the verb exist, it should be said that in general is this part of speech.

The verb is called part of speech, denoting the state or the act of any object and answering questions "What to do?" And "what to do?".

Forms verb

Each verb has the following forms:

• Initial. Sometimes it is called an infinitive or an indefinite form. Such verbs erect on -y-like, or sort, that is, on the forming suffixes (for example: spin, bloom, bathe, etc.). Uncertain calls only a condition or action and does not indicate the number, time and face. This is the so-called unchangeable form. It has only constant signs.
• Hidden forms, that is, who are not an infinitive. As a rule, they have permanent and non-permanent signs of verb.
• Tempecia.
• Participle.

So, to correctly make text text, you should know that the presented part of speech has:

• non-permanent;
• permanent signs of verb.

Consider them in more detail.

Non-permanent signs of verb

Substracted forms include:

• number;
• mood;
• face;
• time.

It should be especially noted that each of these signs has its own characteristics.

Mood

All verbs have 3 forms ofnds. This feature shows how talking man Assesses the action. In other words, with such a form, you can find out if it considers it desirable, possible or real with any specific condition.

Time

The term "non-permanent signs of the verb" says for himself. That is, this part of the speech varies at times. However, this applies only to the verbs in

So consider in more detail how such a part of speech changes at times:

• Present. Formally, it is expressed as well as those, -You, - you, etc. (for example: walk, I think, I do, you dream, carry etc.). It should be particularly noted that the present is denoted by the process that proceeds into this moment. At the same time, he himself may not be in the present, but to be in the past or future. Let us give an example: She runs ahead of me. She thought he was running ahead of me. She will run forward again.
• Future tense. As you know, it means a process that will happen very soon. For example: i'll go walk in the evening. It should also be noted that the future time is also in the verbs of the form of perfect and imperfect. Although in these cases it is expressed differently ( i will read - I will read, I will sing - sleep, I will walk - we take a walk etc.).
• Past time. This time denotes the past action (for example: walked, did, thought). This form is formed using the addition of suffix-l-.

Number

Non-permanent signs of verb are those signs that, if necessary, can change the word in opening time, face, etc. Number is also a non-permanent sign. It can be:

• The only thing: i do, I expect, went, went, I will go etc.
• Multiple: we do, we expect, went, went, let's go etc.

Face

In the forms of the future and present, all verbs change to the following persons:

• The 1st person indicates that the process performs a speaking: i sing we sing;
• The first person indicates that the action produces listening: you are silent, you are silent;
• The 3rd person indicates that the action is carried out by a person who does not participate in the dialogue: it, he, she goes, they go.

It should also be noted that some verbs call any action or a state that occurs without the participation of a certain person, as if in itself. Similar verbs are called impersonal. Let us give an example: Snob. Light. Darkness.

Rank

What other non-permanent signs of verb exist? Of course, they applies to them. but this form Inherent in only verbs in the singular, conditional inclination and:

Now you know what non-permanent morphological signs of the verb exist and how this part of speech changes in accordance with them. However, it should be noted that, in addition to non-permanent, there are constant forms. Consider them in more detail.

Signs of verb standing

If you appeal to you and ask: "Name the non-permanent signs of the verb", then surely you do it without hesitation. But what do you say if you want to hear the list and differences of the permanent signs of the verb?

So, such forms include:

• transitivity;
• repayment;
• conjugation.

View

Absolutely all verbs are imperfect or perfect species. This feature shows how exactly the action flows. As you know, all verbs of the form committed are answering the next question: "What to do?". In addition, they indicate the result of the action, its completion, beginning or end (for example, what to do? - Stand).

May change in the past ( what did you do? - Stood) and the future is a simple time ( what will do? - stand). There are no forms of this time for such a sign.

The imperfect respond to the following question: "What to do?". In addition, with the designation of any action, they do not indicate its result, completion, beginning or end: get up. Such verbs have the past ( what they were doing? - got up), the present ( what do? - Stand up) and the future difficult time ( what will you do? - I will get up). Also, an imperfect look also has a vague form of verb ( what will do? - Will get up, will dance etc.).

It should be especially noted that in Russian there is a small amount of bivide verbs. Such words, depending on the context, may become the perfect species, then imperfect ( take, marry, explore, execute, arrest, marry, attack, examine etc.).

Let us give an example:

• The rumors spread around the city that the king himself executes his enemies. In this case, the verb "execution" answers the question "What does?" And has an imperpose view.
• The rumors spread around the city that the king himself executes several rebels. In this case, the verb "execution" answers the question "What will you do?" And has a perfect view.

Return

Continuous features include such a form as repayment. Thus, the verbs having a postfix-ourselves are referred to as returnable. For example: beat, swear etc. The rest are irrevocated. For example: beat etc.

Transitivity

All verbs are divided into non-transient and transitional. The latter designate any process that goes to another subject. Its name can be expressed:

All other verbs are considered non-transparent ( play in the woods, believe in justice etc.).

Conjugation

What a non-permanent sign of verb can be used to write a beautiful stylistic writing, you know. However, to compile the competent text of this little. After all, it is very important to know how the verbs are written in one or another touch.

As you know, with such a form, the endings of verbs change. In turn, the hidngths depend on the face and the number of one or another word.

So, to compile a competent letter must be remembered that:

• Glages of 1st liner have endings: - You are (-th), -y (-th), "Oh)," Do you "," ... "). Let us give an example: you work, you want, howl, sing, run etc.
• The verbs of the 2nd Hinders have endings: -y, -y (-th), they, -t, -at (s) or -t. Let us give an example: grow, feed, love, passes, destroy etc.

Service and indicative parts of speech contains Russian. The verb refers to independent parts of speech. "Glombing" in old Russian language marked "talk". Thus, another ancestors have been proven that competent speech is impossible without the dynamics of the narrative, which is achieved by using verbs.

What is a verb: morphological and syntactic signs

The verb indicates the action of the subject. Determine the verb on questions "What to do?", "What to do?". Characterizing the verb, pay attention to the grammatical value, morphological signs and the function in the proposal. Grammar signs of verb are divided into permanent and non-permanent.

The points of view of scientists about the release of verb forms are diverged. There are still disputes, whether the sacrament and verbal spirits in the significant parts of speech are distinguished, or they are only forms of verb. We will consider them as independent.

The grammatical meaning of verb

Grammatically verb talks about the action of the subject. Several groups of actions, which are expressed by verbs:

1. Work, the work of the subject of speech: "To sharpen", "led", "build", "dig".
2. Speech or mental activity: "say", "assume", "think", "find out."
3. The movement of the subject in space, its position: "ride", "be", "sit", "located".
4. The emotional state of the subject of speech: "sad", "hate", "cherish", "love".
5. condition ambient: "Evening", "Frost", "Morosit".

In addition to the common grammatical meanings The verb should be said about its syntactic function. In the proposal, he is one of the main members to be tamed. The verb-legend is consistent with the predicative basis of the offer subject to and forms with it. From the verb put questions to secondary members of the group of the group. As a rule, these are additions and circumstances, pronounced nouns, adverbs or adapters.

How the verb changes: constant and non-permanent signs

The morphological signs of verb are divided into permanent and non-permanent. This gradation occurs in terms of changing the word itself or only its shape. For example, "read" and "read" - these are two different words. The difference is that "read" is a verb of an imperfect species, and "read" - perfect. They will change differently: the verb of the perfect species "read" does not assume the presence of the present. And "I read" - we read only point to the number of verb read.

Permanent signs of verb:

• view (imperfect, perfect);
• hiding (I, II, pavement);
• return (non-returnable, returnable).

• genus (female, medium, male);
• inclination (subjunctive, expressive, imperative);
• number (multiple, sole)
• time (present, past, future);

These features are forming. Therefore, when writing the verb, they say that it is in the form of a certain time, inclination, genus and numbers.

Testing verb

Grammatical signs of verb contain inclination. One verb can be used in the form of expressive, subjunctive (conditional) and imperative inclinations. Thus, this category is included in the non-permanent signs of the verb.

• Indicative. It is characterized by the fact that the verb in this form can be used in the present, future and last times: "The child plays" (present); "The child played" (past time); "The child will play" (future time). The expressive inclination allows you to change the verb on persons and numbers.
• Conditional (subjunctive) challenge. It is an action that can only happen under a certain condition. It is formed by accession to the main verb of the particle (b): "With your help, I would have coped with difficulties." It is possible to change the verbs of the conditional inclination in terms of numbers and childbirth, in these forms they are consistent in the proposal with the subject: "She would solve this task itself"; "They would solve this task themselves"; "He would solve this task itself"; "Most would solve this task on their own." It is important to note that the conditional inclination does not imply a change in the verb at times.
• Imperative mood. Indicates the prompting of the interlocutor to action. Depending on the emotional painting, the motivation is expressed as in the form of a wish: "Answer, please on the question" and in the form of an order: "Stop shouting!". In order to get the verb of the imperative inclination in the singular, it is necessary to attach to the base in the present-time suffix - and: "Sleep - sleep", it is possible to form an invalidification method: "Eat - eat." The multiple number is formed using a suffix: "Draw - draw!". The change in the verbs of the imperative inclination occurs by the numbers: "Eat soup - Eat soup." If you need to convey a sharp order, the infinitive is used: "I said, stand up!"

Glagol time

Morphological signs of verb contain a time category. Indeed, any action can be distinguished the time in which it occurs. Since the verb varies at times, this category will be non-permanent.

Verb conjugations

The grammatical signs of the verb cannot be described fully without the category of Hindrance - changes to them on persons and numbers.

For clarity, we give the table:

Other signs of verb: view, transition, refund

In addition to the lining, constant grammatical signs The verb contains the categories of type, transition and repayment.

• View of the verb. Distinguish perfect and imperfect. The pretty view involves questions "What to do?", "What will you do?". Indicates an action that has reached the result ("learn"), it began ("stuff") or ended ("sing"). For imperfect, the questions "What to do?", "What does?". Implies an action that continues and repeated repeated ("jump").
• Return to verb. For it, the presence of suffix is \u200b\u200bcharacterized by (s).
• The transitionality of the verb. It is determined by the possibility to control without the pretext with the name of the nouns in the vinegenial case ("imagine the future"), if the verb has a denial value - with a transaction, the nouns will stand in the parental case: "I do not observe it."

So, signs of verb as part of speech are diverse. To determine its constant features, it is necessary to put part of speech in the initial form. For determining non-permanent signs It is necessary to work with the verb taken in the context of the narration.

Often in school homework in the Russian language, students face the need to fulfill one or another analysis of the words, phrases or suggestions. Along with syntactic, lexical and morpheme analysis, the school program implies execution morphological parsing. Consider how to perform a morphological analysis for the verb, and find out which morphological signs characterize this part of speech.

Verb and its forms

The definition of the initial form, part of the speech to which the Word belongs, and its role in the sentence usually does not cause difficulties. However, often, students have issues relating to the morphological signs of the word. For each part of the speech, their constant and non-permanent signs are distinguished: it can be a genus and a case for a noun, type and time for the verb.

The verb is called independent part Speech, denoting any action that answers the question "What to do?" or "What to do?" We give examples: remove, walk, wish, love, walk.

Distinguish 4 verb shapes. These include:

• infinitive, or initial form of verb: run, sit, be;
• hidden forms: i read, we sing, stolen;
• participle: fallen, sleeping, built-in;
• temploying: dreaming, answering, completing.

In the proposal, the hidden forms most often play the role of the fad form, and the remaining forms can be any other members of the sentence.

There are constant and non-permanent signs of verb. Infinition has only constant signs, as it is an immutable part of speech. For hidden forms, it is also possible to identify non-permanent signs, since the verbs may vary, for example, by numbers or persons.

Permanent morphological signs

Continuous features include the following:

• conjugation;
• repayment;
• transitivity.

View - This is a category that defines how the specified action occurs occurs in time, and shows whether it was completed at a particular point in time. The view can be specified for all verb forms.

TO at the end include verbs that use when you need to show the completion of action. Imperfect, on the contrary, denotes some stretchability in time, incompleteness. It is easy to distinguish them: the form of an imperfect look answers the question "What to do?", For a perfect view, the question is "What?".

Consider several proposals and define the view for the verbs that were used in them.

He woke up when the sun already came.

Find out what the first highlighted verb is answered.

He (what did you do?) Woke.

This question is a sign of a perfect species. The value also indicates the completion of the action: he woke up, i.e. already performed the action.

We will analyze the second verb. Let us ask it for:

The sun is already (what did it do?) Came.

We determine the type of second word as imperfect. Really, the sun cameBut it was unclear whether the action was completed or not.

It should be remembered that there are bivide verbs for which it is possible to determine the form possible only when the word is given in the context. As an example, consider the word use:

• Students are convenient for study (what to do?) Use a laptop.
• To pass the most difficult level in the game, I had to (what to do?) Use the last tip.

Specifying the relevant questions by the Word, we easily determine the type of verb: in the first phrase - imperfect, and in the second one - a perfect view.

Type hinders Three types of verbs are distinguished: I Hiding, II Hiding and Different Verbs. To determine the lifting, you need to put the right word in the form of the infinitive and see what it ends. If in front of the suffix -t.it is the letter and ( drink, saw, repair, glue), the word refers to the II solving. In the event that the suffix of the infinitive is another letter ( take, walk, prick, told, bending), apply the verb to the I Helding.

However, it should be remembered that in this rule there are exceptions specified in the table below.

Also the constant feature is repayment. The return form differs from the irrevocable presence of suffix -We or - by In the end of the word. The following words can be attributed to the returnable: laugh, learn, having fun;non-returnable are walk, be able to wash.

Transitivity It is characterized by the possibility of communication of the verb with a nouns or pronoun in the parent or vinegenic case without an excuse. In this way, include (light), open (window), see (forest) -examples of transitional infinitives, and Believe (in yourself), laugh (over a joke) - Examples of non-transparent.

Non-permanent signs of verb

There are five non-permanent signs:

• mood;
• time;
• number;
• face;

It should be remembered that the presence of a particular category depends on what form is used in the word.

Mood Used in order to designate how the action refers to reality. In the zealing tillation, the verb shapes designate the action that actually happened may occur at the moment or will only happen in the future. Examples

• In childhood, we often walked in the park near the house.
• A few days later they will buy a new bike.

Conditional ignition describes actions possible only when performing certain conditions. They are formed from the infinitive or the form of the past time with a particle would be (b.). For example: She would have to pay for this a big amount.

The imperative ignition is used in requests and orders for the designation of the required action. Examples:

• Bring, please, tomorrow my book to school.
• Put this closet slightly closer to the window.

The category of time is determined only for expressing inclination. Allocate 3 forms: past time for actions that have already happened earlier; present for the actions committed at the moment; Future time - for what happens through some time interval. We give examples:

• came home, looking for a notebook, listened to music -forms of past time;
• i teach by heart, look around, noisy in the yard - forms of the present time;
• we will know the mathematics, find a wallet, see the movie -forms forms.

Number You can determine for any variable verb forms. As in other variable parts of speech, it is distinguished by a single number (when one acting person is related to the action) and multiple (if there are several persons).

• come, I would have gone, learn, looking - singular;
• bring it, I would like, reacted, fall, go- plural.

Category persons Allocate for the forms of imperative inclination, as well as for the present and future time of expressing inclination. 1 The person indicates that the speaker considers this action to itself or the group of the persons in which he is ( i say, think). If the described action refers to the interlocutor or interlocutors, the verb is used in the form of 2 persons ( reply, repeat). 3 Person means that the action is committed not related to the speaker or companion people ( silent, wipes).

Rank It is a sign that is determined for the only number in the conditional ignition or in the expiratory tilting in the past time.

• bought, would come - male Rod;
• move, dreamed - feminine gender;
• broke, burned - neuter gender.

An example of morphological parsing

Consider how you can determine which morphological signs have a verb. To do this, perform the analysis of the word overthewichused in the sentence:

Pupils of the fifth grade with ease overthewich New topic.

1. Overthewichindicates the action, therefore, we determine the part of the speech - the verb.
2. Initial form (infinitive) - master
3. Determine permanent signs:
   1. Pupils (what did you do?) overthewich The question refers to the perfect form.
   2. We draw attention to the form of an infinitive, we draw attention to -t.located and (At the same time, the verb is not in the list of exceptions), this indicates to the II of the lining.
   3. No suffix -We or - byit suggests that the verb is irrevocable.
   4. The verb is agreed with nouns in the vinegenic case ( overacted the topic), therefore, it refers to transitional.
4. We disassemble which non-permanent signs can be defined for this form:
   1. The action is in reality, therefore its inclination is expurative.
   2. The time of action - the past (can be added to the proposal of the circumstances yesterday, last yearThe form of the verb will not change). Remember that last time the face is not determined.
   3. Insofar as students -this is the set acting persons, overthewich Located in the form multiple number. For multiple number it is impossible to determine the genus.
5. In this sentence Overthewich is a surehead.