Bakhchy cultures: what plants are attributed to them. Recommendations for cultivation. Growing Bakhchykh culture

The most distinctive features are long stems with the mustache. In the event that supports will be put next to these cultures, the screens will begin to "climb" on them. In order to properly apply the cultivation technology, which will be set out below in the article, you need to know exactly what cultures are Bakhchy.

This is a melon, pumpkin, watermelon, patisson, zucchini and some others.

The most suitable for sowing is considered to be baked crops of two-year seeds. If you get such planting material No, you can take advantage of annuals. However, in this case, they need to be warm up to 60 degrees within 2 hours. In order for shootouts to be more friendly, the seeds of mudflowers also germinate. To do this, they are wrapped in gauze and lowered in warm water for four hours. Then placed in a wet burlap and withstand so during the day or two.

Most major cultures prefer sunny places, warm weather and are distinguished by a long lack of moisture. The thing is that the birthplace of all these crops are the hot regions of the planet. Watermelons, for example, in wildlife Grow out in South Africa, and melons and pumpkins - in Asia.

Bacchis not only move the dryness of air, but also give more delicious and sweet fruits in such conditions.

Seed seeds only when summer weather becomes sustainable, that is, in early June. In order to get a crop a little earlier, melting cultures can be grown by a seaside. For this, peat cups are used, because these plants are poorly transferred to the transplant. In the soil, mugs are planting either a nesting method or rows. Each such plant requires a lot of space. First, they have long scourge, which need space for development, secondly, large fruits, because of which they need a huge amount of nutrient elements.

Bach cultures are planted for 2-3 pieces. Melons and watermelons - to a depth of 4 cm, pumpkins - 6 cm. With warm weather, seedings appear for the tenth day of sowing, and the first real leaflet is another week. Depending on the variety, the main escape can begin to be formed in 15-40 days.

Then the second order, the third, etc., are born from it. Flowers in these plants, female and men's instances bloom on one plant.

As for the feeding, during the season, mesh cultures in the early stages of development can be fertilized by a cowboy. In the fall, collecting the harvest, potash and phosphoric fertilizers are introduced under the people, and in the spring - when preparing the beds - nitrogen. Although the plants of this family are distinguished by drought resistance, during watering they still give more high yield. For season, the soil beneath them is well moisturized 9-12 times. However, during the ripening of fruits, watering plants should be as less as possible. Otherwise, the fruits will grow watery and not too sweet.

The cultivation of bashevy cultures is quite complicated, because the climate in Russia is not very suitable for them. Often, even with proper care, the garlfriend does not receive. The result is largely depends on weather conditions. If you still wish to grow watermelons or melons on your site, then you should try to do it. If you are lucky, you can diversify your diet with delicious and unusually useful fruits.

Bakhchy cultures - watermelon, melon and pumpkin - are cultivated for the preparation of juicy fruits, characterized by high taste. The fruits of the cutle watermelon and melon contain 6-12% sugar, vitamins B, 3, C, PP, etc. in watermelon many salts of iron and folic acid. In addition to direct eating from these fruits in the canning and confectionery industry, honey (from juice), candle, junction, jungle, pasteil and other products are prepared.

Pumpkin with a yellow pulp is rich in phosphorus and carotine salts, contains a lot of phytoncides.

Fresh fruit usually go to the feed feed varieties Pumpkins and watermelon. They are considered a valuable milk-stern. B100 kg of feed pumpkin contains 10 food. units. and 70 g of digestible protein; In 100 kg of fodder watermelon - 9 feeds. units. and 40 g of digestible protein.

From the seeds of bulk crops, especially pumpkins, extracted food oil.

Yield the best varieties Watermelons on non-speaking lands is 25-30 t / ha, and on irrigated - 40-50 t / ha more. The yield of melons from 16-8 to 50 t / ha and pumpkin from 35 to 70 t / ha more.

Bakhchy cultures belong to the pumpkin family - Cucurbitaceae, which includes the three most important in the culture of the genus: Watermelon (Citrullus), Melo (Melo) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita). Plants of these birthings annuals, very similar among themselves in the structure of vegetative and generative bodies.

Watermelon. It is represented by two species: watermelon table (Citrullus Edulus Pang.) And watermelon Feed, Citrullus Colocynthoides Pang.).

Root cutlery watermelon The rod, highly developed, reaches a depth of 3-5 m and applies to 7 m. Steel, long-line (2-5 m), with 5-10 branches, sowed with rigid hairs. The leaves are strongly dissected on parishes, rigid-handed. Five flowers, yellow, separation; female flowers Larger than m ^ lkski (Fig. 22). Pollination cross, with insects. The fruit is a multi-moon false berry (Thaqina) on a long fruit, spherical, oval or oblong, painted in white-greenish or dark greenoften with marble pattern. The crust of the fruit is leathery, fragile, thickness from 0.5 to 2.0 cm. The flesh of various consistency, carmine-red, pink, less often white or yellow paint, sweet or small-fold taste. The pulp contains from 5.7 to 13% sugar. Mass of the fetus from 2 to 20 kg. Watermelon seeds are flat, egg-shaped, length of 0.5-2.0 cm, with a string along the edge and solid leather white, yellow, gray, red and black painting, often with a spotted pattern. Mass 1000 seed 60-150 g

Feed watermelon In terms of its structure, somewhat different from the table. The root system is more powerful. Leaves with larger shortened slices. Flowers are large, with pale yellow ven-

Fig. 22.

1 - female flower; 2 - Male flower; 3 - pollen; 4 - Part of escape

chikik. Men's flowers are located on long flowerwomen, female - in short. Fruits of various shapes - spherical or oval-oblong, green or light green painting with dark stripes, marble pattern. The pulp of the fetus pale green, contains 1.2-2.6% sugar. Mass of the fetus from 10-15 to 25-30 kg or more. Seeds of stern watermelon without a row. The mass of 1000 seeds is 120-10 g and more. Watermelon table belongs to the number of thermo-loving, ferry and very drin-resistant plants. In the wet soil, its seeds begin to germinate at a temperature of 16-17 ° C. Shoots appear on the 8-10th day. Freezing -1 * C for them are devastating. The most favorable temperature for the growth of stalks and leaves is 20-22 ° C, and for the development of fruits 25-30 ° C.

Watermelon Table - a light-chapter plant of a short day. The best soils for him are sandy and sandy. Suglinisty I. clay soils Unlikely, since they firmly hold moisture and warmly warm.

Feed watermelon compared to the dining room is less demanding on growing conditions.

The following varieties of cutle watermelon are common: Astrakhan, Borchansky, earthlings, lotus, extraordinary, light, south-east rose, Sinchevsky, chill, Schironinsky.

From the varieties of feed watermelon is most famous for Dishem.

Melon. Represented by many species. We have a melon with a soft pulp: Handalak (Melo Chandalak Pang.), Adana, or Kiliykaya (Melo Adana Pang.), Cassaba (Melo Cassaba

Pang.), And with a dense pulp: Chargouskaya (Melo Zard Pang.), Amera (Melo Ameri Pang.), Cantaloupe (Melo Cantalypa Pang.). These species have great resemblance.

The root system in melon is less powerful than the watermelon, consists of a main root penetrating to a depth of 3-4 m, and superficially located numerous lateral branches. Stelning stem, cylindrical, hollow, severe, hasty. Leaves of the honesty or heart-shaped, on long stuffs. Flowers orange yellow. Fruits are large, diverse shape and color. The flesh is loose or dense, contains 12% sugar. Egg-shaped seeds, flat, white-yellow, from 0.5 to 1.5 cm long, contain 25-30% oil. Mass of 1000 seeds 35-50 g.

According to its biological peculiarities of the melon, the watermelon is approaching, but more heat-loving and less drought resistant, it is easier to put up with loyal soils.

Sorts: Kolmitsa 749/753, Cossack 244, Coy-Bash, Handalak Kokcha 14, Dessert 5, Amerils 696, Tavria, Golden, Livadia, Dream, Golyanka, Inea, Samara, Amber.

Pumpkin. In the culture, there are three types: CuCurbita Rero L.), a stern (Cucurbita Maxima L.) and a nutmeg (Cucurbita Moschata Duch.).

The root system for all types of pumpkin is well developed. Stem pumpkins ordinary creeping. For some of its varieties, a bush form (zucchini) is characteristic. The leaves are five-weddable, with a rough breadth. Men's flowers are assembled several in the sinuses of the leaves, female - single, located on the side branches. The fruit is inversely, spherical or oblong, with a fibrous sweet pulp containing 4-8% sugar. Seeds of medium size and small, oval, with a clear rim, white, cream or darker color, contain 36-52% oil. Mass 1000 seed 200-230

Pumpkin feed Large-door has a cylindrical hollow pinned stem. Catail leaves, weakly gravy, are pubes with rude hairs. Flowers are very large, orange-yellow. Fruits spherical, flattened or elongated, reaching 50-70 cm in the diameter, various color. The pulp of the fruit is loose, juicy, orange, less often white, contains 4-8% sugar. Seeds are large, smooth, with an unclear rim. The content of oil in them is 36-50 %. Mass 1000 seed 240-300 g

Muscata pumpkin It has a flutter branched stem. Catail leaves, heart-shaped or blade, squeezed by thin hairs. Flowers green or reddish-orange. The fruit is elongated, with interception, the pulp of the fetus is dense, contains 8-11% sugar. Seeds of medium size, dirty gray, with a clear rim, contain 30-46% oil. Mass of 1000 seeds 190-220

Pumpkin is less heat-loving and drought-resistant than watermelon and melon. Seeds begin to germinate at a temperature of 12-13 ° C. Shoots are less suffering from frosts. The best pumpkin manages on suglinist soils.

Varieties: Bashkir 245, Biryuchkutskaya 27, Hybrid 72, Mushroom Winter, Donskaya Sweet, Dressing, Almond 35, Torn, Trojda, Kherson, Farmanka.

The cultivation techniques. Bach cultures are demanding of the fertility of the soil and the purity of the fields from weeds. They are well succeeded on virgin and landscaped lands, along the reservoir of the perennial herbs and on the floodplains. In field crop rotations good predecessors Bachchy crops are winter grains, corn, annual herbs. For specialized baked farms, crop turns with the following alternation of crops are recommended: 1 - winter rye + herbs; 2 - Grass of the 1st year; 3 - Grass

2 years; 4 - herbs of the 3rd year; 5 - Bakhcheva; 6 - Bakhchy; 7 - Spring wheat; 8 - Corn on Silo. In such a crop rotation, the proportion of mudflows is 25%.

It must be remembered that fields are unsuitable for the placement of melted crops, at which herbicides were used in the crops of previous crops.

The correct use of mineral and organic fertilizers increases yield, accelerates maturation and improves the quality of fruits of mudflows. As an organic fertilizer under watermelon and melon, a manure is made (with deep dusting soil treatment) in the amount of 15-20 t / ha and under the pumpkin - 30-40 t / ha. Higher doses of manure under these cultures can cause retardation of the ripening of fruits and deterioration of their quality.

At the same time with organic fertilizers Minerals contribute. It is recommended to introduce P ^ RTCLL or N 60 p 45 K 50 under the chilly processing of the soil and N IO P 15 k, 0 in rows when crops. Mineral fertilizers increase watermelon yields by 25-30%, and sugar content by 2-3%.

In addition to the main and sideling fertilizer, it is also desirable to feed the plants before flowering - n ^ r ^ k ^.

The soil treatment for basic cultures includes a chiller (plow at 8-10 cm and plowing plows with prejuditions to a depth of 25-30 cm) and the spring processing of soil consisting of harrowing and cultivations (at least two) followed by harrowing. In the northern regions of mudflows on highly compacted soils, the first spring cultivation is often replaced by a disparaner. When drying up the top layer of soil, pressing is used.

For sowing take seeds from quite affected healthy fruits. The germination of seeds should be no lower than 90%. Before sowing, seeds are subjected to air-thermal heating in the sun during

3-5 days or heated 4 hours at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, soaked in water temperature within 24 hours in 1-2 days before sowing. Seed warming increases watermelon yields by 11 -20%.

The seeds of Bakhchy cultures are treated in advance against diseases 80% S.P.TMTD (4-5 g at I Kgeymen). The seeds of the suspension of the drug - 5-10 liters of water for 1 ta of seeds.

The optimal period of sowing is the establishment of the temperature of the soil at a depth of 10 cm for watermelon and melon 12-14 "C, for pumpkin

9-10 ° C. The seeds of watermelons are sown under these conditions give shoots after 9-10 days, melons - after 8-9, pumpkins - after 6-7 days.

When sowing, the seeds of Bakhchykh cultures are insufficiently dried up and give transparent shoots. Loading with sowing also reduces their harvest.

Pokhchyev sowing crops are carried out by messenger seeders. For sowing, corn and cotton seeders are also used in farms.

Power area depends on varieties, climatic conditions, soil fertility. Recommend the following sowing schemes, M: Watermelon -

2.5 x (1.5 ... 1.7); 2.1 x (2,1 ... 1.4); 1.8x1.8; Melon - 2.5 x (0.8 ... 1.0); 2.1 x (0.8 ... 1,2); Pumpkin - 2.5x (1.8 ... 2.0); 2.8x (1.5 ... 1.8).

The seeding rate of watermelon seeds is 1.5-3.0 kg / ha, pumpkin 3-5, melons 2- 4 kg / ha. The depth of seed of seeds of watermelon and pumpkin is 6-8 cm, melons 4-6 cm.

Caring for sowing of Bakhchyvy cultures includes harrowing and loosening rotational moths before the appearance of germs for the destruction of the crust and the destruction of the seedlings of weeds, as well as inter-row treatments at a depth of 12-15 cm at the first and 8-10 cm during subsequent loosenings. When processing the parties, the cutting of the plants should be removed to the side so that the NA is to damage them with the wheels of tractors and the soil-productive guns.

To do this, a pletekerter is installed in one unit with a cultivator, which spreads the screamers from the middle of the aisle to a width of 50-60 cm, sufficient for the passage of the tractor and cultivator wheels.

For inter-row treatments, the soil use KRN-4,2 cultivators, KRN-5,6, and the KNB-5,4 miracle cultivator, for weeding in rows - the oscillatory unit PAU-4.

To prevent the confusion of weekest winds, they are sprinkled with crude soil. This causes the formation of additional roots, which improves the nutrition of plants. Good results gives the tailing (chasing) of the ends of the sword during the flowering of male flowers.

In the fight against peridosporosis, sowing is sprayed with burgundy liquid, 1% solution, on copper cune (600 l / ha), anti-mildew is pollinated by powder of sulfur (15-30 kg / ha). The processing of the Bakhchev is stopped 15 days before harvesting.

Of great importance in the cultivation of mudflows in Russia has irrigation. Under the bulk cultures give 3-5 vegetative irrigation with a period of 10-15 days. They begin long before flowering, then temporarily stopped and resumed when the fruits are tied. Irrigation rate 600-800 m 3 / ha.

Cleaning. Bach cultures are ripening undesigned. Therefore, the table watermelon, melon and zucchini are removed in 2-3 receptions (as ripening), and pumpkin and feed watermelon - in one reception, before the onset of frosts. Signs of ripening of watermelon fruits are peeling of the fruit, the root of the crust and the appearance of a clear picture on it. Ripe melons acquire characteristic color and drawing. Pipe pumpkin can also be determined by painting and density of the peel.

For selective cleaning of mudflows, a wide-graffitable TCP-25 conveyor is used. Mature fruits are torn and stacked in the cells of the conveyor belt, which directs and stacked them directly in the body near the coming transport. With the last solid collection of watermelons, one-time cleaning on the seeds and when cleaning the pumpkin, a large economic effect gives a mechanized collection of fruits in the rolls with a vote-forming agent of the control system, soft laying They are in vehicles.

The described cleaning technology reduces labor costs 5-6 times compared with the exhaust technology with the removal of fruits on the side of the field.

During the transportation of mudflows, the container method of transportation should be wider, which reduces manual work on loading and unloading operations, improves product quality and reduces downtime of transport.

For laying for storage, the fruits are selected without damage. Watermelons are stored at a temperature of 2-3 ° C, melons - at 0-2 ° C and optimal humidity Air 75-85%, pumpkin - at 10 ° C and relative humidity 70-75%.

Bacchis - this is a group of pops from the family of pumpkin. Motherland them are countries of America, Africa, Asia. They are thermal-loving tropical cultures that easily carry drought. They grow them both for eating and food animals.

What plants refer to Bakhchev

The list of plants includes watermelon, melon, pumpkin, zucchini, patissons, cucumbers. There is a huge variety of plants.

These vegetables have the largest fruits of all. So, for example, the mass of one watermelon can be from five kilograms to fifteen. At the same time, they differ not only in size, but also a very pleasant taste. First of all, it refers to melons and watermelons. Typically, such cultures are grown in the south of our country. Although, of course, you can grow in other regions and even in your garden.

So, vegetables have quite impressive sizes of fruits, externally very similar to each other. Despite the fact that there are several types of vegetables in the group, but Melon and watermelons are most often attached to Bakhchev.

Watermelon is an annual plant, which is part of the Pumpkin Family. They have thin leaves and stalks that crawl over the ground. At the same time, the length of the stem reaches several meters. The leaves are very often different in their shape and consist of three parts separated by each other.

Watermelon blooms always in the first year after landing. Upon completion of the flowering process at the scene of the inflorescence, fruits are formed round shape Green, inside which red sugar flesh. The weight of such a fetus can be from three to fifteen kilograms. Although this is not the limit mass. Depending on the variety, it can be both with seeds inside and without them. Yes, and what is interesting, he is considered to be vegetable, but due to the presence of a mass of similarities with berries, it is considered a berry formally.

As already mentioned earlier, his homeland is considered to countries of Asia, Africa, Egypt. Although he has already been used by the ancient Greeks. It was delivered to our country in the times of Kievan Rus, and since then he has become loved by our delicacy.

The next representative of the Bakhchyev is a melon. This species more refer to cucumbers. It is also annual plant, with long thin curly stems, which are stretched over long distances on the ground. Shees are larger than the watermelon, and their form is solid.

Inflorescences are yellow and biscuits. After they dried, fruits are formed in their place. The size of them, of course, is not as huge as the previous species of Bakhchyev, but nevertheless, there are very large representatives, the mass of which can reach fifteen kilograms.

They have dense skin, which can be both brown and yellow. In some cases, it can be green. The pulp of fruit can be both white and cream, yellow and even orange. The form is round or oval, it all depends on the variety. Seeds in the center of the berries are small white.

Her homeland is Asia, India. Since the time of the ancient Egyptians, this culture was widely used. It was brought to our country about five hundred years ago.

The use of mesh cultures in folk medicine

These products are used not only in cooking, but also in cosmetology. Thanks to the most valuable composition, watermelon has a useful effect on the kidneys, helps to get rid of stones in them and sand. It is especially useful for men to eat it, as it improves sexual potency. For people, with heart disease, it is also very useful, as it contains a large number of potassium and magnesium, which are necessary for normal heart. Iron, which is also contained in watermelon, helps to form blood cells, fight constipation. In addition, it perfectly helps to get rid of toxins and slags.

Watermelon is very often eating, just cutting into pieces and removing the peel. Sometimes it is added to salads from fruit. Skoki prepare from it, smoothies. And his crust value is enormous. It is often dried for the winter and then used in the treatment of many diseases. Of them prepare jam, candied, facial masks.

Melon, as well as watermelon, eat just so, cutting into slices and clearing the skin. You can prepare different snacks, add to salads. In Asian countries, the flesh is dried and then used in tea party. A lot of Spanish dishes in which this vegetable is present. It is very useful if there are problems with blood, heart, nervous disorders, intestines. In cosmetology, it is used to make face masks, as it helps to cope with the dehydration of the skin.

Where best to grow melting crops

Since the plants belong to the thermal-loving, then they will grow well in the regions with a warm climate. In more northern regions, they will not give such a crop and besides, they will not even fully increase. However, growing melon is still much easier, it is perfectly ripening even in Volgograd and more northern cities. To obtain a good crop, hot, solar and dry weather is needed. Before the seeds to plant into the ground, they should be soaked for several days in water until sprouts appear. It all depends on the region: as soon as the earth temperature reaches fourteen degrees, you can plant in the soil. They plant them in the wells, the distance between which is at least one and a half meters, and the depth is five centimeters. That large distance It is necessary, since the plant is very woven and he needs a lot of space. In each well, it is necessary to add a little ash.

As for watering, he, of course, is needed, but not so frequent. To keep moisture, it is necessary to carry out the mulching of the Earth.

Video on the topic

Bach and pumpkin cultures belong to thermal-loving plants. The germination of pumpkin seeds begins at a temperature not lower than 12 ° C, melons 13-15, watermelons 16 - 17 ° C. During the years with a cold, protracted spring, the shoots of melons appear on July 19-27, after sowing, in favorable on 10 day. At temperatures below 12 ° C, plants develop poorly, pollen does not ripen, the fruits are poorly tied.

For the formation of a normal harvest of even the most early varieties of watermelons, a frost-free period is required 90 - 100 days, for the mid-lighted varieties of 120-130 days. For early grades, melons are sufficiently surrounded 80 - 90 days. Better temperature for growth, development and ripening 22-30 ° C heat.

Pumpkin and zucchini are easier to carry a cooler and wet summer. Frost are detachious for melting plants, although there are cases when shoots in the phase of the seedlings and the first real leaf have suffered light, short-term spring frosts.

Especially demanding of heat and solar lighting of watermelons and melon during the formation and ripening of fruits. Cool, cloudy, rainy weather during this period delays ripening, reduces sugar vehicles, taste quality and reduces harvest. Pumpkins are easier, carry moderate temperatures.

Bachms, especially watermelons, are relatively resistant to air drought if there is moisture in the soil. Soil drought they carry poorly due to intense evaporation from a large sheet surface. The most moisture of pumpkin. Watermelons can extract moisture from deep layers of subsoils, because The root system is well developed. The main root grows almost vertically and goes on great depth. The side roots are very branched and permeated in all directions of the soil in a layer of 5-40 cm.

Especially demanding mesh plants for moisture during the period of germination of seeds and the appearance of germs. About a month after the appearance of shoots, the root system and plants can grow rapidly grow quickly from the lower layers of the soil. The lack of moisture in the soil and dryness of the air during flowering and growth of fruits is adversely affected. Excess moisture in this period reduces the sugar content of fruits, taste quality, contributes to the spread of diseases.

Selection of a seed area

Bacchic crops grow well on virgin, landscaped lands, as well as on the reservoir of perennial herbs. According to these predecessors, harvest is higher, 7-12 days earlier begin to clean, plants are smaller than illness. In the absence of a layer, you can place mudflows and on early-old lands.

When choosing plots under Bakhchi, especially under watermelons, melons, it is necessary to give preference to sites with a gentle southern or south-west slope, if possible, protected from cold winds. These slopes are better warmed, well lit by the sun, there is less likely of spring frosts and weaker fluctuations in night and daytime temperatures, plants are less suffering from anthrax.

Bach cultures are better growing on the lungs on mechanical composition, well-warmed soils with sufficient content of organic substances. It grows well on heavy drum soils when making organic fertilizers.

Watermelons and melons are well developed on the boron sands located along the outskirts of the ribbon baguings or the glades in Bor. On the lungs on mechanical composition, the soils are accelerated by maturation, the sugartyness of fruits increases.

Norms of fertilizer application

Bakhchy cultures are responsive for fertilizer. Good results are obtained by introducing 40 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potassium salt in the well. Large doses of manure, made under watermelons and melons, tighten the ripening of fruits, worsen their quality, and also enhance the damage to the disease. The elevated doses of pumpkin manure takes better.

Preparation of seeds to sowing

Receptions of pre-sowing preparation are diverse. For sowing it is better to use seeds stored 2 - 3 years. When sowing the seeds last year, plants later and in smaller quantities form women's flowers, and the crop is given below. However, if you prepare accordingly, they are not inferior to the seeds stored for 2-3 years.

Effectively in this case, pre-sowing seed warming at a temperature of 40-50 ° C for 5-7 hours or at a temperature of 60-70 ° C for 2 hours. At the same time, the temperature must be raised gradually, and the seeds scatter with a layer no more than 10 cm. The seeds of the previous year, stored in the winter in a cold room, while heating for 5 hours at a temperature of 50 ° C increase the yield by 20-30%, and the productivity of the first fees 1.5-2 times.

Air - thermal solar heating of seeds before sowing significantly reduces the period before the appearance of germs, increases the field germination and energy of seed germination, accelerates the ripening of seeds and increases the crop. Positive results are obtained by soaking seeds at a 0.05% solution of manganese sulfate for 16 hours.

Experienced Bakhchevodov know that good harvest You can get from large full-fledged seeds. The most affordable method of selection of such seeds in a 9% saline solution, in which the seeds hold 2-3 minutes, are then washed with clean water.

In some cases, good results are obtained when processing seeds by variable temperatures - quenching seeds, which is carried out as follows: Seeds in gauze bags are soaked in water for 12 hours, after which they are placed in glass cans And leave for 12 hours (day) in the room with a temperature of 15-20 ° C.

For the next 12 hours (night), the seeds are buried in the snow. Thus, the seeds are treated for 10 days. In the conditions of cold prolonged spring, seeds in the immense soil does not give positive results. With such weather conditions, it is better to postpone sowing at a later date, and stored seeds, this time on the glacier, in the refrigerator at a temperature of 1-3 ° C. Seed treatment with variable temperatures, as shown by experiments, it is better to carry out in this mode: 8 chaovs to withstand at a temperature of 15-20 ° C and 16 hours at a temperature of 1-3 ° C.

Terms and methods of sowing

Seeds of mesh cultures at low temperature and high humidity Soil and air for a long time Do not attend (up to 3 weeks). Therefore, with very early crops in the immentable soil, shoots do not appear for a long time, and during protracted cold weather they may not at all appear or will be exhaled. With late crops, fruits may not be matured. The best results were obtained when sowing watermelons in mid-May, melons 15-20 May, pumpkins May 10-20. Pumpkins are better than other mesh crops transfer early deadlines Seva.

Depending on weather conditions, time can be shifted. In the early friendly spring in the southern slopes of sowing can be carried out before. The depth of seeding depends on the mechanical composition of the soil. On the pulmonary soils, the seeds close deeper than on heavy, taking into account the conditions of the seeds of watermelons are sown to a depth of 4-8 cm, melons 3-6, pumpkins 7-10, zucchini, patissons 6-8 cm.

To obtain an earlier harvest, 20-25 day seedlings should be grown as well as cucumbers. Seedlings are planted after the end of frosts (June 10-15). The distance between the holes 50-70 cm, two - three plants are planted into each well. The technique of planting seedlings is the same as cucumbers. Sow seeds in the wells for 5-8 pcs., And after thinning, leave two - three plants. Watering is carried out regularly and only warm water. After each watering, it is necessary to loose soil well. The long-line of the pumpkin varieties are better located on the edge of the garden, and the short-poplet can be grown inside the vegetable garden at a distance of 1 m.

Harvesting and storage

Zucchini and patissons are cut regularly, not allowing fruit outwards. Pumpkin is cleaned, with full ripeness. In Zucchini, the fruits are collected when they are not more than 10-15 cm, they are cut with a knife. Melon and watermelons are cleaned selectively. The offensive of the removable ripeness of watermelons is determined by the drying of the frozen, melons to change the color, the free separation of the fruit from the fetus, and strong aroma.

Due to the proper storage of fruit of mudflows, it is possible to significantly extend the period of consumption of them in the latest form. It has been established that it is better for storing the fruits grown on the lungs of sulace soils. If the area is irrigated, the watering must be stopped for 2-3 weeks before harvesting. It is better to store the fruits of medium-bed and late varieties, assembled into dry sunny weather.

For storage, mature fruits are harvested. It is necessary to transport them to the place of storage, it is necessary to be carefully placed in one layer on a soft litter of straw, pokyankin or other materials.

Watermelons and melons are stored on racks in one layer, can be stored in containers in 4-5 layers at a temperature of 8-10 ° C and a humidity of 80-85%. Put the fruits on the litter of dry straw, pile, peat, dry sand. It is better to lay on the side, which was turned to the Sun (on this side the most durable bark). IN refrigerators It must be stored at a temperature of 4-6 ° C, at lower temperatures (0-2, 2-4) fruits are frozen.

Unlike watermelons and pumpkin melons of almost all varieties are suitable for long-term storage. IN room conditions Keeping to a new harvest. Optimal conditions Temperature 3-10 ° C and humidity 70-75%. In raw, cold premises, the storage period is sharply reduced.

It is interesting

Girth pumpkin big and diverse. The largest or main pumpkin - the dining room pumpkin has three types: a hard-sized small asia, a large-scale South AmericaFruggled from Central America. We are most common with a hard and large-scale pumpkin. The pumpkin culture was introduced from time immemorial. In Russia, it is grown from the XVI century.

Watermelons and melons, the fruits of these cultures are high, have a pleasant, refreshing, taste, they can be equated with the best fruit - berry cultures. They contain from 7-21% sugar, mainly fructose, sucrose, iron salts necessary for blood formation.

In the fruits of pumpkins a lot of vitamins in 2, e, T. Products from pumpkins are easily absorbed by the body. More than 30 delicious dietary dishes can be prepared from it. Zucchini, patissons, crooks - krivoshiki, zucchini boiled, fry, marinate, extinguished, cook, cook, stuffed. The products of them are easily absorbed by the body, prevent obesity and accumulation, in the body of cholesterol. Contain 4-6% of dry substances, 2.0-2.5% sugar, iron salts, potassium, calcium, magnesium.

Salad, as the earliest and unpretentious green culture, has always been in honor of gardeners gardeners. Spring landings Most dachants usually start with sowing lettuce, parsley and radish. IN lately The desire of K. healthy nutrition And a large selection of greenery in supermarkets force the gardeners to think, and which of these plants can be grown on their beds? In this article, we will tell about the nine most interesting, in our opinion, the varieties of salad.

Despite the fact that the calendar spring begins in March, you truly feel the awakening of nature only with the advent flowering plants in the garden. Nothing testifies to the arrival of spring so eloquently as the clearing of blooming primroses. Their appearance is always a small holiday, because winter has retreated, and a new garden season awaits us ahead. But, except for spring primroses, in the garden there is still something to see and admire in April.

Carrots are of different colors: orange, white, yellow, purple. In orange carrots, beta-carotene and licopene prevail, yellow due to the presence of Xantofilles (Lutein); White carrot has a lot of fiber, and purple contains anthocyanin, beta and alpha carotes. But, as a rule, gardeners choose a carrot variety for sowing not in color of fruits, but in terms of their maturation. We will tell about the best early, middle and late grades in this article.

We recommend a fairly easy cake recipe with a delicate chicken and potato filling. An open cake with chicken and potatoes is an excellent diet dish that is suitable for tight snack, it is very convenient to take a couple of pieces of this baking on the road. Pie bakes in the oven one hour at 180 degrees. After that, lay it out on wooden surfacehaving previously released it from the form. Sufficiently cool the baking and you can start tasting.

Long-awaited spring for many indoor plants It is a period of start of active vegetation, and for most - and returning their decorativeness. Adopting on young leaves and outlined shoots, it is worth not to forget that spring is also a lot of stress for all indoor plants. Densitive conditions and universal, all indoor cultures are faced with much more bright lighting, changes in air humidity and temperature modes.

Homemade cake on Easter with cottage cheese and candied you are easy to prepare, even without having any pastry experience over your shoulders. Bake the cake can not only in a special form or in a paper mold. For the first culinary experiments (and not only) I advise you to take a small cast iron frying pan. The cake in a frying pan will not be so high as in a narrow form, but it never burns and always protects well inside! Curd dough on yeast is obtained by air and fragrant.

He is also interested in the fact that his fruits (Thaivin) are used in food with young, not matured (radiant). So, it is not necessary to wait for the crop ripening, and from the end of spring to autumn you can have fresh vegetables in the menu. On her beds, it is better to grow grade and hybrids of zucchini, resistant to diseases and to changes in weather conditions. It eliminates unwanted treatments and allows you to get a harvest with any weather. It is about such zashchka varieties and will be discussed in this article.

IN middle lane April is a time when the first bloom of plants in gardens and parks begins. Unchanging solts that have entered into their human rights - bulbous primroses. But amonges decorative shrubs You can meet such that will delight fragrant colors, animating the still inconspicuous garden. The main rue of beautiful decorative decorative shrubs is per month May, most of them, as a rule blooms in mid-May.

Salad "Uzbekistan" with green radish, boiled meat and eggs - a classic dish of Uzbek cuisine, known to many since the times of the USSR. In any Uzbek restaurant, it was possible to order this simple, but very tasty salad with meat and radish. If you have never prepared this dish before, I advise you to try - like it and gets to the category of loved ones! You can diversify a little taste and add finely chopped cilantro, parsley and a pod of red chilli peppers.

We offer such a huge number of different drugs that, sometimes, even an experienced dachnik can get confused on the choice of one or another fertilizer. In this article, we offer the reader to get acquainted with OMA - a complex granular organinery fertilizer of prolonged action, which is beneficial from other modern complex fertilizers. Why wow is best foodwhich you can offer your plants and how does it work?

The group of medicinal plants that provide a common soothing (sedative) action includes a large number of fragrant herbs and shrubs. For proper use teas and infusions from these plants help to cope with stressful situationsImprove mood, eliminate or reduce nervous overexcitation. In this article, we will tell about the nine most interesting, in our opinion, medicinal plants, without much difficulty can be grown on the plot.

Aroma is not the most important and not associated with the orchids of the trait. But in some species and individual varieties, the smell is a significant addition to their main image. Favorite sweets, confectionery and spicy flavors among orchids are not uncommon. Vanilla flavors or more original spices in the smell notes give delightfully bright flowers Even greater exotic. And choose spicy fragrant orchids from both popular and rare species.

Simple muffins with pears and nuts - sweet, juicy and tasty! Motherland Madfins are considered to be Great Britain and America. In England, such cupcakes are prepared from a jewish dough, in America from oil-free-free test, which is balary with food Soda or the bakery powder, or that and the other at the same time. The basic recipe for Madfins looks like this: 200 g of flour, 200 ml of milk or kefir, 100 g of eggs, 100 g of oil, dough dough and soda.

What do you need to get a good potato harvest? Many gardeners will say - a good seed material, fertile soil, timely watering and feeding. But there is one negative factor that can significantly reduce the crop of potatoes, despite the fulfillment of the above conditions - weeds. For overgrown with weeds, plantations are not possible to obtain a rich crop of potatoes, and the reusable weeding is one of the most time-consuming culture procedures.

Someone from Dachnikov was lucky, and they acquire a manor with several adult splashing trees that create a shadow and cozy corners. But ours new Dacha There were practically no such plantations. And the semi-empty section behind the grid Rabita was completely open for strangers. Therefore, this interesting design arose, which meets the specific requirements of our family. I think our experience in the construction of a multifunctional support for plants will be interesting to you.