Enemies ticks in nature. What are the natural enemies in ticks? Who eats ticks? Destruction of ticks in the premises

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Ixodida ticks (iXODIDAE) - one of the most famous family of tick subclass (Acari). They are found on all continents and live within almost all allocated natural climatic zones. Ixodides live even outside the polar circle, which indicates their high fitness and ability to survive in extreme conditions.

The greatest species diversity of ticks is characteristic primarily, forests of tropics and subtropics (due to relatively high level humidity, complex musical composition of vegetation and wealth of possible feeders).

About where exactly and for what months of the year the risk is the most important to meet with ticks, we will talk further ...

Where are the Ixodic ticks

Ticks are concentrated where there are necessary microclimatic indicators and live their potential feeders. Within the basic natural zones These bloodsows are distributed mosaic, and often can form mass accumulations of numbers.

It should be borne in mind that in the horizontal direction of the ticks migrate insignificantly - they occupy an expectant position, and they resort to active persecution only in exceptional cases.

Below in the photo are well noticeable ticks in the bird around the eyes:

Thus, the main seats of habitat are ticks:

• forest trails;
• well warmed and moisturized forest edges and forest glads;
• pastures;
• parks and squares in cities, lawns;
• garbons, gardens at the cottage, which are often visited by pets and man.

Therefore, this group of species produced special devices, allowing to counteract the harmful effects ambient. These opposition are expressed in choosing habitats, and here two groups of ticks are distinguished:

• pasture bloodsicles;
• norovy blood circulation.

Pasture and narrow blood circulation

In search of the best microclimatic conditions, some types of ticks went on a simplified path and settled in the holes of their feeders, where it is always warm enough, wet and eat food. Other species adapted to life in forests and on open spaces.

On a note

On a note

With a lack of water in the body, ticks fall on the wet substrates and absorb moisture to all body.

The misconception is common that ticks fall from trees and shrubs. In fact, they do not climb on trees, but are exclusively in herbicate tier. Therefore, the greatest danger is the juicy, high grass in places of frequent movement of animals and people.

As for normal ticks - they live almost exclusively in the holes and nests of their owners, and for this reason the danger for a person usually does not represent. This includes, first of all, argasy ticks, less common species are among the ixodes.

The life cycles of ticks are quite complex, which is associated with the peculiarities of the metamorphosis and the need for searching and changing the owners. At the same time, the vital activity of the same species is significantly different within different natural zones, and directly depends on the microclumatic indicators of habitats. Rhythms of life cycles wholely depend on seasonal speakers abiotic factors, such as the duration of the daylight, humidity, temperature, etc.

On a note

The most primitive are continuous cycles, in which synchronization with seasonal rhythms is minimized. Such a type of ontogenesis is characteristic of species living in a warm and wet tropical climate or in nora animals and birds, where the oscillations of microclimatic indicators are insignificant.

The most complex cycles are characteristic of ticks that need special devices to survive unfavorable environmental conditions (first of all winter temperatures).

The most prolonged and complex development cycles are characteristic of the Taiga and Forest European tick, the ranges of which have shifted far to the north, much further than the ranges of other species. Normally, for the full development of each stage of ontogenesis, it is necessary for about 1 year, so the minimum development time from the egg to the adult individual is 3 years, and the maximum - 6 years.

Imago, mostly adults and hungry females, attack the major mammals and man in April-May, and the peak of aggressiveness is on the second decade of May. At this time, they will wait for their sacrifice in high grass in pastures, near the water bodies, forest trail, in parks and squares in cities.

On a note

Often, eggs are attached on herbal vegetation, the female puts them right on the animal wool - then the hatched larvae will not need to look for the pen.

Of the delayed eggs in the summer, larvae are hatched, which feed on small rodents and birds. They have tiny sizes and only 3 pairs of limbs, so they are sometimes confused with insects.

Belowes are shown in the photo below:

After powering the larvae is looking for a place for wintering: mainly choose a sheet bedding and deepening in the crust of trees. There, in the state of the range, the small blood circulats will lose winter. If the larva does not have time to apparently before the onset of cold weather - she dies.

Sometimes the larvae managed to overflow to nymph until winter, but often the molting occurs only after exiting the range. Each molt is accompanied by bloodsucm.

Nymphs of ticks differ from larvae more large sizes and the presence of another (fourth) pair of legs. They are able to eat on larger animals, such as dogs, cats, foxes, hares.

In the spring and summer-autumn period of the 3rd year, adult individuals appear from the beginning of the life cycle. They begin to eat immediately, or again go in the range. Power is needed by female first of all for ripening eggs, so it is extremely important that mating occurred before power. The males either do not eat at all, or eat very short time, since only the function of seeds is performed.

The most common and mass-mass common forest (dog) and taiga pincers are transferred to a number of pathogens dangerous diseases man, such as:

• different forms of tick-borne encephalitis;
• tick-borne rapids;
• lyme disease (borreliosis);
• tularevia and some others.

On a note

The tick infects its owner already during the sinking when he injected into the skin of saliva, containing pathogens of a particular infection. And the longer the tick is on the body - the more likely to get sick.

Symptoms of diseases are not manifested immediately: the incubation period can last up to one month. In the case of tick-borne encephalitis, the development of the disease can flow differently, however, there are general symptoms: more often there is a sharp increase in temperature, muscle and headaches. When tick-boring borreliosis characteristic sign infection is the appearance of the so-called migratory ring erythema - on the skin near the wound left after the tick bite, the concentric rings of reddish, brown or yellow color (The photo shows an example below).

Prevention measures: how to protect yourself from negative consequences of contact with ticks

On a note

Be that as it may, it should not relax also, since only the right and the measures taken on time will minimize the likelihood of undesirable consequences.

First you need to remove the tick. It is easy to do it yourself, using, for example, tweezers or special devices for extracting ticks.

After removing the tick, the wound must be disinfected (can be treated with alcohol, green, iodine or hydrogen peroxide). Hands are recommended thoroughly wash with soap. The retrieved tick should be taken to the analysis to make sure whether it is not infected, and if necessary, take appropriate measures (for example, the emergency prevention of tick-borne encephalitis is in gamma-globulin injections).

First of all, these are poultry, for example: Drozd, weaving-pingown, ceskery, sparrow, starling, fiber. Also lizards, frogs and toads. Maybe they feed not so much for their skin, but how much for the sake of the sake of their blood inside.





Ticks occupy one of the lower links of the food chain in nature, respectively, they have a lot of natural enemies! This is us in horror-when the tick season, and for birds, and all the living life that feeds insect is a feast!

Indeed, now the greatest activity of ticks and people need to be very careful not to drink this infectious insect. But there are those who are not afraid at all and, and even on the contrary, love to enjoy ticks. Love to eat poultry ticks, frogs, spiders and lizards. I myself saw something like a bird cola tick.

Pancake. Even children in school know that the ticks eat birds, lizards, toads, spiders, bugs and possibly bugs.

It is strange that such a simple question causes mortar even in some veterinarians. Somehow saw how the wasp was overgrown in half a fly. I assume that the wasps may also have other insects and spider-shaped.









The ticks of natural enemies are a bit. Basically - these are birds and several types of riders. But the most important gestures are red ants. IN coniferous forestswhere there are a lot of these ants, and not find ticks.

Now the ticks were incurred for a joke. If last year they were very aggressive, now they say that they have become four times more active than the former.

But the ticks have natural enemies which can significantly reduce their number, which can protect a person from an excessive bitter, or even a serious illness. Birds, spiders, frogs, lizards, bugs and ants are tangled with great pleasure.

So take care of nature in all its diversity, and nature will take care of you. Cake birds especially in spring and autumn, as well as do not ruin the anthills in which hundreds of ants live.

• Who feeds on ticks?

  The most common type of ticks in the moderate latitudes of the Russian Federation - Ixodic ticks. Scientists have found that they have natural enemies.

  In addition, the ticks can be the prey of birds, ants and grug.

Ticks eat those who eat insects. For example, birds not so much to enjoy twigs. Frogs who love mosquitoes and flies, are also buried and ticks. More ants and dragonflies are also eaters of ticks.

Unfortunately, the natural enemies of the tick are not much. One of them is a -lest ant. It produces natural acid in which it contains a repellent. This substance is detrimental for ticks. In pharmacies, ant alcohol is sold. It can be applied both on the clothes and on the skin. water.

Among the natural enemies, which come into contact with them in their own habitat, first and foremost and ants can be distinguished. Although the number of melts is little affects, there were a lot of ticks. Therefore, it is not necessary to hope to go to the forest that all the ticks have already missed the birds - it is necessary to take all precautions.

The tick (lat. Acari) is one of the most ancient inhabitants inhabiting our planet. Contrary to erroneous opinion, the ticks are not in the insect, but are representatives of the soldering of the spike-shaped.

Description of ticks. What does a tick look like?

By magnitude, these representatives of arthropods rarely reach 3 mm, mainly the size of the ticks range from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. As it should be spiderman, there are no wings in the ticks. Adult ticks have 4 pairs of legs, and at copies that have not reached puberty, there are three pairs of paws. Not having an eye, mites are oriented in space with a well-developed sensory apparatus, thanks to which they can smell the victim for 10 meters. According to the structure of the body, all types of ticks can be divided into leathery, with controversial heads and breasts, and solid (shell), whose head is attached to the torso. The supply of oxygen also depends on the body structure: the first breathe through the skin or trachea, and the shells have special troubles.

What do the ticks eat?

By the method of nutrition, ticks are divided into:

Blood-axes Predators are waiting for a victim by setting up in the ambush on the edges, branches and chopsticks. With the help of legs, equipped with curls and suckers, are attached to it, after which they are moved to the point of power (groin, neck or head, armpits). Moreover, the victim of the tick can be not only a person, but also other herbivorny ticks or trips.

The tick bite can be very dangerous, as the ticks are carriers of diseases, including encephalitis. Without food, ticks can cost up to 3 years, but at the lowest opportunity, the wonders of augherence and may increase in weight up to 120 times.

Types of ticks. Classification of ticks.

Pliers have more than 40,000 species that scientists were divided into 2 major supervisors:

Description of the main types of ticks:

. Absolutely harmless to birds, animals and humans, as it is a complete "vegetarian" and feed on the juices of plants, at the bottom of the sheet and sucking the juices from it. It is a carrier destructive for plants with gray rot.

It feeds on its relatives, so sometimes it is specially treated with a person in greenhouse and greenhouse farms to combat a spider tick.

Barn (flour, bread) mite. For a person, in principle, it is safe, but for stocks of grain or flour is a serious pest: the products are clogged by the waste of the flour tick, which leads to its rotation and formation of mold.

It dwells in the southern part of Russia, in Kazakhstan, the Transcaucasia, the mountains of Central Asia, in the south of Western Siberia. Mostly settles in forest-steppes or forests. It is dangerous for animals and a person, can be a carrier of encephalitis, plague, brucellosis, fever.

non-hazardous for a person, but represents a danger to dogs. It dwells everywhere. Especially active in coastal areas and in the Black Sea coast.

Where do ticks live?

Pliers live in every climatic zone And on all continents. Due to the fact that the ticks prefer wet places, their habitat is chosen forest ravines, undergrings, thickets off the coast of streams, flooded meadows, overgrown paths, animal wool, dark warehouses with agricultural products, etc. Separate species are adapted for life in seas and reservoirs with fresh water. Some ticks live in homes and apartments, for example, home ticks, dust pliers, flour pliers.

Distribution of ticks.

How much does the tick live?

The life expectancy of the tick depends on the type. For example, tongs of home dust or dust ticks live 65-80 days. Other species, such as the taiga tick, live up to 4 years. No food ticks can live from 1 month to 3 years.

Reproduction of ticks. Stages (cycle) of tick development.

Most ticks are egg-shaped, although there are novelty species. Like all spine-shaped, the ticks have a clear separation on females and males. The most interesting life cycle Tracking from bloodsowing species. The following stages of development of the tick are distinguished:

• Larva
• Nymph
• Adult Path

Tick \u200b\u200beggs.

In the late spring or early summer, the female tick, sprawling with blood, makes a masonry of 2.5-3 thousand eggs. What do eggs look tick? The egg is quite large in relation to the sizes of the female cell, consisting of cytoplasm and kernel, and coated with a two-layer shell, which is painted in a variety of colors. Tick \u200b\u200beggs can have absolutely different shape - From round or oval, to flattened and elongated.

What do eggs look tick

Every year the arole of the spread of ticks increases, they are becoming more and more. Together with them, the number of deadly diseases carrying animals and man with these dangerous predators is also growing.

Today it is easy to pick up a tick and in the city seabed or in the park, on panstone And in the garden. Creatures in shetine shells are increasingly compressed by a ring around a person.

About how the tick is powered and about his habits can be found by reading this article.

About the types of ticks

All ticks belong to the detachment of small spine-shaped, unifying about 20 thousand species. What does the tick eat, except blood? Some of the below are powered by ticks and other types of feed.

The largest group of soil ticks is shell pincers. They live in forest soils and litter. Sweep rotting plant residues with abundant microflora with its rodent helixers. They are transferred to tape helmintes, affecting livestock.

Small insects ricking with their heliers are barn ticks (or bread and flour). Dwell in rotting plant residues and in the soil. In the vaults of agricultural products, they cause damage to flour, grain and croup. In people working in such premises, they can cause severe skin irritation in the form of allergic reaction. It feeds the tick of insect fabrics.

Best of all studied is a serious pest of poultry farms. What does chicken tick eat? They are active at night, when they leave the smokes of the chicken coop and, attacking the chickens, suck their blood. It also happens that with a massive damage to birds die from Malokrovia.

To learn more about what ticks eat in nature, we will get acquainted with the most dangerous ticks.

Encephalite pincers

Below are pits that are the most aggressive.

Encephalite tick is one of the most common and known. It is important to note that the encephalitite tick is not a separate breed (view) artistic insects. Encephalitis can be infected with any varieties of ticks, so it is impossible to allocate signs that determine the degree of danger. But it should be remembered that such an infection can lead to the death of a person.

According to the appearance of the insect, it is impossible to determine whether it is either or not, so when you hike in the forest, you should take the necessary measures to remove from contact with predators.

It is the ixodic ticks more often than others act with carriers of dangerous encephalitis. They have both the second name - solid ticks. These name they are obliged to solid chitinular coating, which is a kind of protective sheath. Ixodes include doggy, and taiga ticks.

Forest mites

What do the ticks eat in the forest? Blood of different animals and man.

As a rule, ticks rarely rise above the meter from the ground, and when attacking the sacrifice, they are trying to move higher to the most soft skin zones. Female ticks are more voracious, they can suck blood for 6 days without stopping, while males for saturation is enough and 3 days.

Relatively small, their dimensions are in a state of hunger in length do not exceed 4 mm. When sucking blood in large volumes, dimensions may increase to 120 times.

The bite of the tick is not felt, because the insect introduces a special saliva, blocking pain in humans. In connection with this, the tick can for a long time It is imperceptible to feed blood.

A great sense of smell helps to detect the victim. In order for the predator to climb into a person, the latter is enough to stay in the forest even for a couple of minutes.

About tick-insulated diseases

Knowing what the tick is powered, it should be remembered that this is a carrier of various diseases.

In fact, a lot, but real dangerous epidemiological significance mainly have 2 types: Persulcatus (or tick taiga), inhabitants in the European and Asian parts of Russia; Ixodes Ricinus (or mite European forest) - in the European part.

Ticks can be carriers of the following diseases:

• encephalitis;
• tiff tickle;
• lyme disease (or borreliosis);
• hamorrhagic fever;
• spotted fever;
• marseille fever;
• babesia;
• tularemia;
• erlichiosis.

Many of these diseases are dangerous and are not very treatable, and some show signs of only 10-20 days after the bite.

Important information

After it became known than the forest tick eating and what it can lead, you should know how to protect yourself from the predatory insects, and what to do, if still ticks satisfied. It should be remembered that the part that believes in the skin (trull) is equipped with small "barns". They are directed to the back of the tick.

Therefore, if you pull it along the axis, the "barbs" are tightly and absorbed even stronger in the skin, which can lead to a branch of the body of the tick of its trunk, which may remain in the dermis.

To avoid this insect, the insect should be removed by circular movements (disultechable), and not just pull. In this case, the spikes on the trunk will be curled to the axis of rotation, and the head will not break off.

If this could not be done correctly, the place of suction (where the head remained) should be wiped with a watered alcohol, after which the head remove the sterile needle as the usual offering.

Conclusion

Pliers - such creatures that may if necessary in nature for a long time (Even months), and in laboratories and years, to do without food.

This is due to their low-speed and, in connection with this, rather economical expenditure of the body's energy reserves.