Main leadership qualities. What is he, successful leader

Good afternoon, dear readers. In this article I will talk about who is the leader and what is its quality. Is this a heavy burden or a pleasant side of a person's character? Is it possible to become a leader and is it just that, as well as what dangers can be a while by a man who leads millions.

What it is and with what they eat

It is the opinion that the real leader is a certain celever who knows everything, keeps everyone under his control, makes several cases at once and much more. I will not argue, the leaders have a much larger set of qualities. They know how to do things that are not all under power.

But in fact, the leader is the same a common person, As the others. Just he knows how to collect people around him, motivates them into a common cause, has organizational abilities.

The nature of the leader can be different. It can be both an open person and vice versa. It is not necessary to be able to communicate with people in order to know how to manage them. Although, of course, communication is a lion's share in the formation of the leader.

The main principles of such a person are collected, resourcefulness, confidence, knowledge of their business, the ability to distribute duties, knowledge of human motivation, time management. This and much more helps and directs a person to the other side that will be advantageous for the whole team. The leader is a Company's man who is trying to benefit from his team.

Usually, the leadership qualities of a person begin to manifest itself in childhood. All had a story about the boy in the sandbox, who got up at the helm and led the process of playing other children. The question is whether there will be a person to develop these qualities, whether he will go further, will it be a real leader or just leave everything as it is.

Support this status is hard. Today there are many ambitious, rapid and hungry people who will gladly take the place of the existing leader. But also around a lot of people who will gladly shift their responsibility to another person, and just follow him.

What are they are

Types of leaders are different. There are no general rules for such people. Everyone lines its line, strategy and plan to achieve success. In this case, you can talk only about general Recommendations. That's what the leader is different. He himself chooses the path, he does not seek instructions or set of laws. The ideal leader will use intuition, its knowledge and experience, new information.

Tyrant. There are significant people who hold everything under their clear control, do not allow anyone to participate in the adoption of important decisions, everything makes exclusively at its discretion. His power is limitless and applies to all aspects of the life of his team. He rather gives orders than orders. Such people love tough discipline, have certain rules, do not relate to violations.

Friend. There are managers who try to everyone to be different. Relationships are supported warm and trusted. The hierarchy is traced very vaguely. Trying to be all a friend, such a boss faces a lot of problems. Disrespect, violation of its rules, frivolism and non-serious attitude to the tasks. You can be a friend with my team, but it must be done extremely careful. All the same must exist subordination. Otherwise, anarchy may occur, followed by a change of leader.

Grey Cardinal. Some leaders love to stay in the shade and make their manipulations at the expense of other people. Such a person contacts little with the whole group. He often chooses one or two people who are a coordinating link.

Mentor. There are such leaders who try on the role of the mentor and are looking for a student who they are instructed and learn life. Learn u knowing man I will never exist. Such people behave like a father who is preferably and with feeling belongs to every victory or losing their student. Often, a warm, trusting relationship occurs between the mentor and the wards. Which may continue even after the ward goes into free swimming.

Of course, these are not all types of leader behavior. They may differ by some nuances, or combine different directions, for example, a mentor-friend.

Personal traits

Let's talk about the personal features of the leader. The boss must have several psychological qualities that will help him on this path. Such qualities can be both positive and negative. main feature Leader can be able to apply them in their favor.

Honesty has a dual character. Sometimes, to achieve a goal, you have to resort to tricks and some manipulations that are contrary to honesty. But in general, such a person adheres to openness and transparency. Because honesty is always right.

Responsibility is an integral part. Often the head takes responsibility for other people, in his entire team. And that is why he should not be afraid of the consequences. A person should be able to quickly respond if something went wrong, then not to throw started and not to shift the blame on others. He is a leader, so he is responsible for everything. It is incredibly difficult and hard with an emotional point of view.

The collence helps to keep control over the situation. Such a person should be able to quickly switch from one task to another, keep in my head a large number of information, quickly make decisions.

These are the main qualities that are inherent in a true leader. In addition, you can add sociability, openness, easy convergence with people, fast learning, wide views on the world, curiosity and much more.

Business qualities

Modern leader Must learn a lot, quickly memorize and change under the situation. The world does not stand still and changes are faster and stronger. In our society, you just need to be effective and successful, otherwise everything will go to the pump.

What professional skills should a real flock leader have to possess? Eloquence. It is oratory. To be able to speak correctly and is very important for such a person. After all, he leads others, and in order to collect his team, it is necessary to negotiate with them.

Awareness in his area. If a person works on a furniture factory, he must know the entire process of creating a chair from the moment this chair was a tree. The more person knows about his activities, the easier it is to manage it.

The ability to delegate duties. A good chief knows when you need to share activities on different team members. He is not afraid to trust people with responsible sites, finds the most suitable candidates under this occupation.

In addition, the charisma leader in business plays a far from the last role. Thanks to its charm, the ability to find an approach to people He can seek great success in his business. Most often, the charisma makes man the leader.

Time distribution. Competent time management will never spoil the overall picture. The head must be able to distribute his time.

Is it possible to become a leader

The leader always attracts attention. These people stretch, want to be similar to them, respectfully belong to their opinion. How to become? This path is thorny, very difficult and far from all.

From the side it may seem that the boss is easy, simply, fun and careless. But this supervisor is the hardest and everyday work. It is necessary not only to develop its potential constantly, but to fix the knowledge gained, go ahead, to learn a new one, be prepared for obstacles.

You can become a leader. The question is whether you are ready for work. Qualities that the leader posses must not only purchase, but also develop. Constantly work on them, persevere, seek all new vertices and still continue to go ahead.

Everyone can be a leader, because everything is in our hands. Fate plays with us, but only we are responsible for your choice, for our actions and decisions. As the notorious proverb says about the fish, nothing will happen without difficulty. And only you decide whether you are ready for such a turn of events or not.

Destructive power and other dangers

Power can spoil even good man. There are such pitfalls in the leadership that can play a joke with a man. Power can become an endwort and a person will lose control over himself. The main task will become more power, more money. The greed and pride are loving people.

It is necessary to be able to notice the signs of the dangers that have emerged and deal with them. It is not so simple and easy, but still possible. After all, the leader leads to people and he should always think not only about himself, but also about his entire team. And sometimes it gets hard, and the person puts forward only its needs for the fore.

Well, when there is a person who can help in the current situation. Which will indicate for errors, tells where the leader goes the border and is incorrect. It can be a spouse, friend, father, colleague.
The leader is a responsible position. Remember this.

I am sure that you can become a good leader, we will collect a cohesive and friendly company that will go along the way to success side by side. If you have found interesting thoughts in the article, you will definitely share with others on social networks.

Have a nice day!

To become a leader, you must possess or develop a certain set of qualities and character traits. Leadership skills Different influence on the process of development and formation of the personality of the leader. But to allocate one or two qualities that have the main impact, it is impossible.

In the life of any leader, there are sooner or later such situations occur when any leadership qualities presented below may need ..

In addition, the leader faces versatile problems and tasks and to solve them require a wide range of leadership qualities, which will eventually achieve the desired result.

Therefore, I propose a list that contains 21 item and will reveal the main leadership qualities, the development of which will allow you to become a real leader.

1. Being a leader in his life - able to manage his life, motivate himself, to put goals to itself and take action to implement them - this is the first step towards leadership. It is this leadership quality that will serve as the foundation of your further success.

2. Perspective vision is leadership quality requires constant development and training. The more you have knowledge and experience, the better you can submit future events.

3. Openness - the development of the leader is constantly. Every day he receives new information, communicates with people, makes decisions - for efficient implementation, openness is simply necessary. If you compare all the leadership qualities, then openness is one of the most important.

4. Courage is perhaps the second most important leadership quality. The ability to control your fear and act contrary to fear - that's what the courage of the leader. Everyone continues to go to their goal to be afraid of everything.

5. Demanding - the life of any person is limited. Therefore, the leaders do not spend time in vain on empty conversations. If there is not enough information to make a decision, they will do everything to receive it and continue to act.

6. Energy is one of the fundamental leader's qualities. The leader's life requires huge emotional and physical costs. And to withstand it - strong energy Just needed.

7. Positive looks on things - problems arise from everyone and always. It is not mistaken only the one who does nothing. Positivity helps the leader to focus on finding a solution, and not to be guilty.

8. I mean to listen to others - no one can be a specialist in all areas at once. And the leader understands it. The power of the leader is in the ability to find experts and organize them for the benefit of a common cause. This item can also be asked to the most important leadership qualities.

9. Attentiveness and critical configuration - leaders carefully collect facts and check all the information. Any business can destroy one small detail.

10. Confidence and calm - Cooling helps the leader to focus on finding a solution. It controls emotions and does not allow them to influence the decision-making process.

11. Flexibility and sensitivity - our world is changeable. And the speed of change increases every year. What worked 5 years ago is inefficient today. For permanent growth, it is necessary to constantly make adjustments and develop leadership qualities.

12. The result is a result - the one who achieves big results reaches more success. It is not important how you did it, but what did you achieve. And it is your results that will move you to success.

13. The ability to recognize your mistakes - the leaders are also mistaken. But they know how to admit it before other people. What allows you to continue moving forward. If you take all leadership qualities, then it is in the first place.

14. The ability to constantly learn - the variability of the world led to the fact that knowledge is obsolete with stunning speed. Getting new knowledge and skills will allow you to increase your competitiveness. New knowledge will help develop new leadership qualities.

15. Proper self-esteem - the leader clearly realizes that it can, and what is not. And focusing his efforts on what he has better. Thus, its effectiveness increases, which makes it possible to achieve the best results.

16 Passion for work - the leader loves his job. This passion allows you to maintain interest in what he does increases its efficiency and performance. This item allows you to develop all other leadership qualities.

17. Able to heal people - the leader without comrades is not a leader. Having learned to motivate himself, the leader acquires the ability to light the fire of desire and actions in people, motivating them to fulfill their goals and tasks. And thanks to this leader's quality, it can be achieved very and very much.

18. Charismatic - helps to attract necessary people. For large achievements An effective command is required. And the leader knows how to create it.

19. Focusing is the leadership quality allows you to silence the most important thing among the cases and focus on it all your attention.

20. Competence - the ability of the leader to formulate what you need to plan what you need and do what you need, and in such a way when it is clear that you know how to do it, and it is clear to them that they want to follow you. In importance from leadership, this is in second place.

21. Generosity - Meril Majesties leader is not the number of people who serve him, but the number of people who serve himself. Generosity demands to put on the first place of other people, and not yourself. The leader knows how to share and in return gets even more.

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The phenomenon of leadership has long ago, because the man always wanted to look in foreign eyes strong and self-sufficient, possess the influence and power. It is the leader who is the main acting person In the scenario of life, endowed with exceptional prospects and access to something more. Most people associate a leader's concept with some innate features that help to achieve success, but in fact each person is able to develop the basic qualities of the leader.

To comprehend the nature of leadership, it is necessary to study its structure and features. In modern psychology, the leader is a person who has a number of qualities and skills that help him "lead" by himself to a certain goal.

The concept of leadership is quite wide and ambiguous. For its faithful understanding, specific levels of development of the personality of a successful leader should be distinguished:

1. Leader himself. This is the basic first stage, which is a prerequisite for the formation of the leader. It should be learn to discipline and motivate yourself, be responsible for own actions, to form skills to put and achieve the goal.
2. Leader in the situation. This is a leadership at the micro level, when a person takes the functions of the leadership in a certain extreme situation, where the context of necessity forced him to take responsibility.
3. Leader in the team. This is the concept of macroliders, where a person forms his team and motivates its members to achieve goals. It disappears situitation, in place of which the permanent initiative comes and the responsibility for the quality of the work of its own team comes.
4. Leader in the system. Metalidaism involves managing a whole system where a person becomes a leader among leaders. Goals are more serious and global, for successful management at this level requires many personal and professional qualities.

So what should be the leader? A successful manager must master the main leadership skills and master the respective key leadership qualities, without which the productive functioning at any level of development will become impossible. Key leadership skills can be divided into three groups: basic skills, communication skills and personal qualities at the level of personality development.

Basic Skills of Successful Leader

Perspective vision

It is from this concept that leadership begins, the vision of prospects and developed ability predict allows you to be more flexible, changing the strategy and direction of movement, focusing on possible situation. The ability to create a bright future in the presentation of the team serves as an element of inspiration and turns activities into a positive channel.

Setting goals

Goaling serves as a foundation for successful prospects and allows you to create conditions for a gradual thoughtful team movement to a large goal, reaching results gradually, small steps. At the same time, the ultimate and brightly so that the team felt the urgent need to achieve it.

Successful adaptation

In our volatile world, where every day through the consciousness of a person passes endless streams of information. It is necessary to be able to notice the slightest environments. From gigabytes of information, it is necessary to take into account only the fact regarding the company's activities. Such adaptation is possible with a wide general horizon of the leader, which will be able to notice and allocate the most important trends and development strategies.

Flexibility

The supervisor must always have various strategies and methods in each specific situation Be able to choose the most suitable option. The absence of options makes it predictable and weak in the eyes not only the team, but also competitors. Sometimes this quality perfectly acts on the basis of a certain counteraction system, which can lead to original extraordinary solutions.

Perseverance

This leader's quality is interrelated with a personality force, when a person does not stop in the face of unpleasant and dangers, and also goes to justified risk. It is important not to confuse perseverance with stubbornness, when a person is able to go to his goal at all costs. Such behavior borders with arrogance and turns away the team from the head.

Communication skills

• The ability to convince.This concept means to effectively use your verbal intelligence, leadership emotions, to achieve the goals of the team. The moment of truth comes when a person goes from his position or point of view to the position of the opponent. The nature of the belief consists of weighty arguments, because only this way smart man It may listen and take the point of view of the interlocutor.
• Communicability. Nowadays, this quality has a key value for a person who wants to productively interact in society. The modern leader should be able to find mutual language with different categories of people in different situations and circumstances of communication. Effective way to establish communication is to master the techniques of fast contact. Now there are many trainings, where everyone can learn styles effective communication, improving its;
• Trust. In order for the interlocutor faster to take the right side, you should be included in the communication process of non-verbal skills. These include pose, gesturing, voice intonation, speech rate and others. Their nature acts on the unconscious scope of a person's psyche and help establish confidence contact.
• Ability not only to listen, but also hear. This concept means that the leader can not only speak, but also to listen carefully, including all channels of perception. It is important to be able to pick up the relevant topic of the conversation, to arrange the interlocutor to yourself, and then give him the opportunity to speak. At this time, you should use the strategy of an active hearing, nodding head and inserting short replicas in the right places. The ability to set logical and accurate questions will help mined the necessary information tactfully and unobtrusively.

Personal qualities of a successful leader

• Self confidence. A confident head is able to inspire confidence and give a feeling of protecting his team. His nature highlights a person from the crowd even by physical signs: Smooth posture, stranded shoulders, calm eyes, measured breathing. Speech is smooth and clear, without hesitation and protracted pauses.
• Proactivity. From the usual activity, this quality is characterized by the ability to independently initiate the situation. Such a person knows how to discover someone else's initiative and acts on the basis of its own motives;
• Personality integrity. The ability to "keep yourself in hand", show emotional calm in extreme situations belongs to people with a holistic inner world. The mental processes of such a leader are balanced, it is able to control his personal feelings and behavior even in unexpected moments when most people start nervous or lowering hands.

Video: indispensable important qualities of the leader:

All these skills and qualities characterize a successful leader as a harmonious personality with a rich and holistic internal world, persistent life and professional installations, the ability to respect the personal space of other people. Only such a manager can lead by himself, forming in led people respect and confidence in their personality and ideas.

Goal

Reveal the ethical and legal aspects of leadership;

Show the need to achieve leadership legally;

Promote the formation of tolerance in students;

self-education and self-regulation to develop leadership qualities.

Know the main characteristics of the leader and the political leader;

Be able to determine the quality and type of leader; allocate the main, systematize, solve the problem; Work in groups.

Equipment: Question cards for the business game "Aquarium", a poster "Quality of the leader", tasks cards for groups, multimedia projector, tests.

Coolboard quotes:

"Want to subjugate others, start with yourself!" (Vovenarg, French thinker).

"The purpose of mankind lies in his highest representatives ... Humanity should work tirelessly to give birth to the great LCs\u003e dee ..." (F. Nietzsche, German philosopher).

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Bow Oo SPO "Orlovsky Technological Technical Academy"

Methodical development of subject

weeks on the discipline "Social Studies"

legal game on the topic:

"What does it mean to be the leader"?

Lecturer: Alymova ON

Eagle

Topic: "What does it mean to be the leader"

Goal

• reveal the ethical and legal aspects of leadership;
• show the need to achieve leadership legally;
• promote the formation of tolerance in students;

Contribute to the formation of conviction necessity
self-education and self-regulation to develop leadership qualities.

• know the main characteristics of the leader and the political leader;
• be able to determine the quality and type of leader; allocate the main, systematize, solve the problem; Work in groups.

Equipment: Question cards for the business game "Aquarium", a poster "Quality of the leader", tasks cards for groups, multimedia projector, tests.

Coolboard quotes:

"Want to subjugate others, start with yourself!" (Vovenarg, French thinker).

"The purpose of mankind lies in his highest representatives ... Humanity should work tirelessly to give birth to the great LCs\u003e dee ..." (F. Nietzsche, German philosopher).

Event flow

Teacher: What unites the above statements? Word the topic of our conversation. (During the discussion, the guys formulate the topic.)

Students express their opinions.

The leader is a person who leads, directs others. The leader is a person who is given a formal and informal power over others.

Business game "Aquarium"

Situation. Your class won 30,000 rubles. How to dispose of money?

Tasks of the game:

1) Determine the leader by his role in the group;

2) determine the style of behavior in the group that should be characteristic of the leader;

1. find out the quality of the leader and its value for the group;
2. the guys should understand that being the leader is not easy that the leader must have many extraordinary qualities.

Instruction

In "Aquarium", i.e. The most prominent place in the classroom, 5 people are invited to resolve the situation. All other guys are watching what is happening.

The teacher distributes each of the 5 card participants. No one knows about their content. According to the "role", students should address the question of how to dispose of 30,000 rubles. After 5-7 minutes of the discussion between them, the rest of the guys should guess who played the role of the leader.

Participants playing the role of leaders should call the qualities that they sought to show. At the end of the conversation, everyone reveal "roles" who played.

Roles (as a task on the card).

"Leader"

Carefully listens to the proposals of other guys, gives a brief assessment to each speech, takes the initiative to their hands, shows the ability to convince in its rightness, courage, determination, self-confidence. Seeks to protect the interests of the whole classin For money, it is honesty, justice.

"Govorun"

Clears the quality of the emotional leader, jokes, offers the most fantastic ideas, takes a conversation to the side, goes to the little things, foreign topics.

"Nihilist"

All proposals rejects, criticizes, in everything doubts, Wi-^iT. And it is premonish bad, it turns out all in the impasse of hopelessness and despondency.

"Molchun"

Occasionally inserts uncomplicated proposals, shifting, timidity. However, his ideas will also be constructive and intelligent. Do not argue. Quickly offended.

"Adventurer"

Pushes everyone to the "crime", suggests to assign money, and then when it is starting to shame, trying to convince everyone the need to "promote" money, "how it all" is done. " Thinks above all about his interests.

Brainstorm. "What qualities should leader possess?" After discussion, it is necessary to compile together with the guys a list of qualities of the leader, then offer them to consider on the poster generally accepted qualities of the leader.

Quality leader

• The ability to make the right decisions.
• The ability to listen.
• The ability to clearly convey their point of view.
• Respect and concern for team members.
• Initiative.
• Ability to inspire others.
• Ability to instill confidence in others.
• The ability to encourage others for the initiative.
• Ability to train subordinates
• Ability to learn criticism.
• Self confidence
• Ability to keep a distance with subordinates.
• The ability to acquire friends and allies.
• The ability to properly dispose of time.
• Forehead.
• Competence.

Work in groups: Determining the qualities of the leader students are divided into three groups and get 1 card. For 3 minutes, they must task, and then in turn (1 person from the group) must speak.

The task. Which of the above qualifications of the leader is excluded in these cases?

1. K. Kaisenov, former during the Great Patriotic War The commander of the partisan squad, said that life was away from home, in conditions of constant danger, very influenced by the relationship of people. The commander of the detachment was called "Batei" (Father) for his soulfulness, for sharing the war with his soldiers.

1. French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte put almost all of Europe into the situation dependent on France. At the same time, he generously awarded distinguished warriors due to the robbery of other peoples. In 1812, Napoleon threw his army to conquer Russia, giving the floor once again to reward heroes. However, the trip ended with a complete defeat of the French. Napoleon fled, leaving his warriors to make fate, die from frost and hunger.
2. In 1219, the Horde of Chingices Khan (1155-1227), which had resistance to those who had resisted, were invaded on the Earth of the Nations of Asia. Genghis Khan, as Chinese chronicles testify, did not even trust his sons of Juchi and Chagatay. Enough and rivalry in the Mongolian Empire brought many suffering to peoples.

Teacher: These examples show that the above-mentioned qualities of the leader are not universal. And the leader can lose their qualities in certain situations. There are no identical people, there are no identical leaders. Each group (each society) needs its leader. The tasks of the group are changing - the leader changes.

The leader is a member of the group, which in significant situations is able to have a significant impact on the behavior of all participants. Work in pairs: correlating types of leaders in accordance with the "Wheel of the Celts"

The teacher talks about the teachings of the ancient Celts "Wheel of Life".

Ancient Celts (tribes who have inhabited once most of Europe, the descendants of which are now in England, Wales and Scotland) has developed a teaching, amazing in his magical faith ine. Mother and mother nature dint. This teaching is called "Wheel of Life", which combines four sides of the world, personifying the harmony of the spirit. They correspond to the four times of the year as well as four types of people about which we, people of the 20th century, are interested in knowing to understand the qualities of the leader, the foundation of the foundation of cooperation and coexistence, to revive a valid attitude towards nature.

The characteristics of leader types appear on the screen.

East - Spring - Mountain, where he creates his creation to the blacksmith, where everything is born.

The leader is "creative spirit", very inventive, filled with lightness of spirituality.

Main features:

• rich imagination, the tendency to see the whole picture of the whole;
• focusing on the idea of \u200b\u200ba difference in future focus;
• a clear awareness of its destination and goal;
• tendency to knowledge, to experiments;

® Possible loss of concentration over the task and its failure;

• the risk can not cope with the amount of work, loss of sense of time;
• the tendency to the enthusiasm at the beginning and the subsequent quick disappointment.

The South-Summer is a staff that go and collect Otara together. The leader is "fire in mountain", fertility, merger. Main features:

• confidence in other, outlundable and defenselessness;
• providing other opportunities to feel their importance in determining what is happening;
• setting into the center of moral and ethical values \u200b\u200bin all matters of personal and professional life;
• the use of personal relationships, links for tasks;
• the desire to provide support, emotionality, sensitivity;
• impossibility to refuse to request, the inability to say "no"!

West - autumn - knowledge, assessment, information.

The leader is "Bowl", where everything is stored, cooked and mixed.

Main features:

• weighing all "for" and "against";
• data analysis and logic;

• the perception of the state as a scrupulous practice when performing its work;

• a tendency to self-analysis;
• stubbornness, insist on its own;

• indecision, collecting unnecessary information, "zaocyclin" on the details;

• defense and coldness.

North - Winter - Stone, serving a symbol of power and responsibility.

The leader is "warrior", open to the fight, decisive. Main features:

• confidence, activity;

• the ability to manage relationships and direct the development of events;
• rapid response, pushing others to decisive actions;
• lack of fear of confrontation with "difficult" people; The ability to quickly take defense, a tendency to a dispute, to prove its superiority;

• requirement of welcoming decisions;

• autocraticity, the requirement for everything to be in accordance with his (her) desires.

Teacher: Determine who from the heroes of A. Duma (ATOS, Porthos, Aramis and D "Artanyan) corresponds to these characteristics. Which of them are North, South, West and East? (Students work in pairs) if they are hampered, then the characteristics of heroes appear on the screen A. Duma, and the guys must guess names.

1. The ability to rapid action. Decisivity, the ability to organize efforts to overcome ultra-communal tasks.
2. "Honor and conscience" of the company, the keeper of the nobility of the prudence and wise.
3. Strong and faithful hand. Executive, courageous, devotee.
4. Master of complex intrigue, connoisseur of all secrets of the royal yard, a subtle psychologist. Observant, cunning.

Summing up this exercise, you can ask questions:

1. Why are friends in the most difficult moments proclaimed: "One for everyone, all for one!"?
2. Is it possible in one person to find all the qualities that we spoke about?
3. Is there an ideal leader?
4. Why did Celts emphasize the peculiarities of people, relying on images of nature and human activity?

Teacher: Difoster the features of the leader is explained by the complexity and variety of human relations. The leader in the family, at work is a modest and imperceptible person, or quite the opposite. Conditionally, all social relations were divided into informal and formal. In any team there are formal (official) and informal (unofficial) leaders.

Especially many secrets and intrigues are observed in political leadership.

Political leader

Teacher: From the point of view of typology, political leadership as a form of political behavior is very diverse. The most recognized is the Typology of Leadership proposed by M-Weber and G. Hermann.

Sociologist Max Weber allocated three main types of leadership (their characteristics are displayed).

Traditional leadership: It has a traditional nature, consecrated by the authority has long been existing patriarchal establishments, religious standards.

Rational leadership: Rely on a specific system general rules and norms on the law.

Charismatic leadership: It is based on the recognition of exclusivity, uniqueness, individual achievements of the person.

Students are divided into two groups and perform the following tasks.

Task for the first group

To which type of lead you will assign Peter the Great, F. Roosevelt, V.I. Lenina, I. Gandhi, N.S. Khrushchev, M. Tatcher? Explain your point of view.

Task for the second group

What type of lead you will assign Nikolai II, J. Kennedy, I.V. Stalin, S. de Gaulle, L.I. Brezhneva, W. Churchill? Explain your point of view.

Teacher: Political scientist G. Hermann, analyzing the image of the policy, allocates four types of politics (their characteristics are displayed).

Leader - bannamers. He seeks to his goal, determines the policy, leads to a mass.

Leader - minister. He seeks to express the opinion of his adherents.

Leader - merchant. He seeks to convince people to do what he needs.

The leader is a fireman. He constantly reacts to the situation, fills fires.

Task for both groups

Give examples (from history and modern times) politicians that meet these criteria.

After discussion, representatives of the groups are.

Teacher: Each of these types of leaders is in demand and justified on certain historical stages The development of society. The role of the political leader in society is large and implemented through the functions that it performs.

"Brain attack". Name the political leader's functions in society.

Students call the following functions:

• integrative;
• orientation;
• instrumental;
• mobilization;

Communicative;

• guarantor of justice, legality and order. Discussion on issues

1. Which of the leader functions do you think are most significant?
2. What is the ratio of leadership and leader? What countries are the appearance of leaders and why? Who will you attribute to the leaders of C Why?
3. Why can leadership in the cult of personality? What are the factors of the formation of a cult of personality?
4. What is the cause of the cult of personality: the power regime or the features of the leader itself? Which of the famous politicians has created his own personality cult?
5. Why do the power of persons deprived of outstanding qualities? What role is the accident, the availability of supporters, the situation?

Teacher: In order for the political process in Russia to acquire the features of rationalism, it became more predictable and constructive, it is necessary to clearly submit a political leader who could solve standing tasks and problems.

Task for both groups

Create a political leader portrait.

What qualities of the political leader, in your opinion, are especially in demand today in our society?

What do you think the role of political leaders in modern society?

After discussion, representatives of the groups are.

Teacher: Through a certain number of years, one of you will perform the role of leaders in any form of activity. Do you have a deposit? Test will help.

Test "What are you for the bird?"

With it, you can relate yourself to three sufficiently different and bright personal portraits, conditionally named "Pigeon", "Ostrich" and "Hawk".

Answering questions, you need to choose from three answers the one that is most suitable for you.

1. I have been 16 years old, I am going to walk, and my mother suddenly declares: "It's too late, you will not go anywhere." I:

A) very, very much I ask, so that she will still let me go outside, and if it does not work, I will stay at home;

b) I will tell myself: "And I didn't want to go anywhere" and stay
at home;

in I will answer her: "Nothing late, I left" and leave, although she
and will swear.

2. In case of disagreements, I usually:

a) carefully listen to another opinion and try to find an opportunity for mutual consent;

b) I avoid useless disputes and try to achieve my own other ways;

c) openly express his position and try to convince the interlocutor.

3. I consider myself a man who:

And loves to like many and be "like everything";

b) always remains himself;

c) loves to subjugate other people with their will.

4. My attitude to romantic love:

a) to be near the beloved person - the greatest happiness in life;

b) not bad, but while it does not require it too much and do not climb into the soul;

c) that's fine, especially when your favorite person gives
i have everything I need.

5. If I'm upset, then I:

A) I will try to find someone who comforts me;

b) I try not to pay attention to it;

c) I begin to be angry and I can pour my irritation on others.

6. If you do not quite rightly criticize my work:

a) it will take me, but I will try not to show this;

b) I will outrage me, I will actively defend and can express my claims in response;

c) I'm confessed, but I will accept comments and try to fix
own mistakes.

7. If someone reproaches me to my disadvantage, then I:

a) I annoy and silent, surviving offended inside;

b) probably angry and answer the same;

c) get upset and start justifying.

8. I'm best practicable if I:

a) by itself;

b) leader, head;

c) group member, team.

9. If I finished some kind complex work, then I:

a) just turn to another case;

b) I show everyone that I have already done everything;

c) I want to praise me.

10. At parties, I usually:

a) I sit quietly in the corner;

b) striving to be in the center of all events;

c) I spend most of the time, helping to clean and wash the dishes.

11. If the store does not let me give out, then I:

a) naturally demanding it;

b) upset, but I will keep silent, I do not like to reptile with outsiders;

c) I will not pay attention: this trifle is not worth it.

12. If I feel that I'm angry, then:

a) openly express his feelings and freed from them;

b) I feel inconvenient before others;

c) I'm trying to calm myself.

13. When I am ill, then I:

a) I'm doing irritable and impatient;

b) I go to bed and I want to care for me;

c) I try not to pay attention to this and want to
the surrounding behaved the same.

14. If some person has a lot of outraged me, I would prefer:

a) express their feelings to him openly in the face;

b) discharge your emotions in some unauthorized de
le or conversation;

c) let him know about it indirectly, for example, through
gih people.

15. My motto in life, obviously, could sound like this:

a) the winners do not judge;

b) the whole world loves loving;

And now, in order to process your results, split these 15 questions for three fives: 1 - 5, 6 - 10, 11 - 15.

To find out how much you are "dove", count how much you havevet oV "A" in the first five, "B" - in the second five and "b" - in the third. To determine their "ostrichny", it is necessary to find the sum of the answers "b" in the first five, "A" - in the second and "in" - in the third.

Answers "Yastreb": "B" - in the first five, "b" - in the second and "a" in the third. It is clear that, the more answers of the same type (some birds), the stronger you are expressed exactly these features. If only row, then in different situations you show yourself in different ways.

"Dove" - It is soft, friendly and sensitive man. He is ready for a lot of sake of relatives and friends, even for self-sacrifice. Many of them are considered weaklings, because they often can't directly ask or demand what they need. They are kind and mustache, live a dream to find a person who would understand them with a half-clow. However, they generally give dreams a lot of time. In the company "Polaby" often play minor roles, but not because something you can not or do not know, but because it just feel better than the throne, and not on it. "Pigeon" does not like to take the initiative and responsibility, and also openly oppose his opinion around. In the company, only the Pigeon can only cope with temperamental and aggressive people. His rare anger and annoyance "Pigeon" directs against himself, not expressing openly.

"Ostrich" - Man is calculating and careful, prefers to hold on to the distance. He needs free space around him, and not someone under the side. In most cases, "Ostrich" will not be longer and wants only peace. To avoid unwanted contacts, they hide in the sand not only their heads, but also the heart. "Ostrichs" do not expect from life and people too much and therefore never happen truly disappointed. Their alienation gives their character integrity and self-sufficiency, whichSo lacking and "pigeon" seeking to like othersand "Hawk", who wants to achieve success. But the same integrity of MO- *e. we will turn into a closure, which cuts off "ostrich" from the best other people and in itself.

"Hawk" - The person is ambitious, decisive and brave. "Hawk" need power. Pursuing its goals, "hawks" acquire a lot of enemies, but, on the other hand, they achieve a lot. "Yastrebami" rather admire, rather than love. The "Hawk" lives on the principle of "all or nothing", the halfness of success is made by him for failure, they are uncompromising and in communication, and in affairs. "Hawks" require submission and do not bring critics to their address, although it is easy to criticize themselves and others. The assumption that they could make a mistake causes not only the rage "haasting", but also a deeply hidden confusion, since they are far from their housing facade, as they would like to seem.

If the level of self-sufficiency corresponds to the level of the formal leader, well, dare! This test convinces us that there is no absolutely "right" point of view of the success of the personality, that the quality adorning one person can interfere with another.

Reflection:

1. Do you consider yourself the leader?
2. Why is it important to develop the quality of the leader?
3. As you understand the words J. - J. Rousseau: "It's easier to conquer,! than to manage. With the help of an appropriate lever, you can make one finger to shake the world: but to keep it, shoulders need! Hercules "!

REMEMBER!

The leader is a member of the group, which in significant situations is able to have a significant impact on the behavior of other participants. The leader of the situation is a person who has taken the initiative in the name | Saving a group. The formal leader was elected by the people, nominated by the authorities, has powers.

Theory of leadership qualities ("Great People", "Charisma") comes from the possibility of determining the universal set of leadership qualities (physiological, psychological, intellectual and personal), which allow you to form groups of followers to solve problem tasks. This theory provides for the deification of leaders, but it does not explain the success of leaders with a different set of qualities.

Theory of leadership qualities

The theory of leadership qualities reflect the earliest approach to the study and explanation of leadership. The first studies tried to identify qualities that distinguish great people in history from the masses. Researchers believed that the leaders had some kind of unique set of resistant and non-varying qualities. Based on this, scientists tried to identify leadership qualities, learn how to measure them and use to identify leaders. This approach was based on the faith in the fact that leaders are born, and do not become.

The subsequent study led to the allocation of the following four groups of leadership qualities: physiological, psychological, intellectual and personal (Table 1).

Table 1. Quality, most common among leaders

Group of Quality	Quality characteristics
Physiological qualities	Pleasant appearance (face, growth, figure, weight), voice, good health, high performance, energy, representativeness
Psychological qualities	Personality type: extrovert, introvert. Temperament: phlegmatic, sanguine, choleric. Authority, ambitiousness, aggressiveness, superiority, balance, independence, courage, creativity, creativity, self-affirmation, perseverance, courage
Intellectual qualities	High level of intelligence: mind, logic, memory, intuitiveness, encyclopedic knowledge, width of the horizons, insight, originality, speed of thinking, education, prudence, conceptuality, sense of humor
Business and Personal Qualities	Business qualities: Organizations, discipline, reliability, diplomaticity, business, flexibility, binding, initiative, independence, responsibility, riskiness. Personal qualities: goodwill, tact, diligence, honesty, decency, vigilance, conviction, attentiveness, sociability, adaptability

Personal characteristics of leaders

Theory of great people

The theory of great people argues that a person who has a certain set personal damnswill be a good leader regardless of the nature of the situation in which it is located. The absolute embodiment of the theory of great people is the concept of a charismatic leader, which adopt surrounding.

If this theory is true, then there must be any key features of the person who making a person a great leader and an outstanding leader

Psychologists, occupying this issue, conducted many special studies. No matter how surprising, it turned out that very few personality traits are directly related to leadership efficiency, and the interdependence found is usually quite weak.

Here are some ratiosDetected between Individual personal characteristics and leadership.

1. Leaders usually possess a little higher intelligencethan their "pasties". But not much. An applicant for leadership in no case cannot be broken from the average intellectual level of its followers.

2. Motivation of power. Many leaders are driven by a strong desire. They have a strong concentration on their own person, care for prestige, ambition, excess energy. Such leaders are usually better socially prepared, exhibit greater flexibility and ability to adapt. Plushevoy and the ability to intrigue help them for a long time to remain "afloat." But for them there is a problem of efficiency. For example, Boris Yeltsin is usually considered as a leader possessing an extremely strong desire for power. He managed to rule Russia for almost 10 years. However, the question was whether he was for the country effective leader, It remains open.

3. The study of historical records has shown that among 600 well-known monarchs, the most famous were either very highly solved, or exclusively immoral individuals.

4. American psychologist Simonon (Simonton) collected information relating to 100 personal properties of all US presidents. This included the characteristics of families in which they grew up, education, former classes and actually personalities. Only three of these variables: growth, family size and number of books published by the president before he entered into this position, - correlate with the effectiveness of the President's activities in his post (determined by historians estimates). Simonon installed that uS presidents who grew up in small families, more often remained in history as great politicians. For example, Franklin Roosevelt, who is considered one of the most outstanding American presidents, was the only child. The remaining 97 characteristics, including personalities, according to the results of this study, are generally not related to human efficiency as a leader.

5. There is a small one positive dependence between human growth and the likelihood that it will become the leader of the group. So, almost all elections in the United States won a higher candidate, the exception is only two cases. In 1992, Bill Clinton was 4 inches (10 cm) above George Bush. In 1996, he was only half a half (about 1.5 cm) above Robert Dowla. Once in the White House, high presidents become more likely to noticeable historical figures. It can be argued that w. high Man A little more chance to become a leader. However, you should not forget that Napoleon, Hitler, Lenin, Stalin and many others who could not boast of high growth were the greatest leaders.

6. Oddly enough, there are very little evidence that such features like charismatic, courage, a tendency to dominate or self-confidence are indicators of human performance as a leader.

So, some modest interconnection between personal characteristics and leader's abilities can be detected. But generally it is very difficult to predict how good the leader will be a person, only on the basis of his personal traits. Therefore, over time, researchers have become inclined to believe that it is not enough to consider one features. It is necessary to take into account the situation in which these features are manifested. This does not mean that the properties of the person do not affect the chances of becoming the leader. It is just necessary to consider both the personality of a person and the nature of the situation in which he or she has to play a leadership role. According to this point of view, in order to become an effective leader, you do not need to be a "great person." Rather, it is necessary to be a suitable person at a suitable place and at the appropriate time..

Steve Jobs - Apple Founder

The leader can show its leadership qualities only in a suitable situation. For example, the head of the enterprise can act very successfully in some situations and fail in others. Consider the example of Steve Jobs, at the age of 21 who founded the legendary company Apple at the age of 21, together with Stefan. Eccentric Jobs was least similar to the traditional corporate top manager. He was brought up by countercultitress of the 60s, and addressed computers, already having the experience of the use of LSD, a trip to India and life in the commune. In those days, when there were no personal computers, the unusual style of Jobs was just what is needed to create a new industry. For five years, he turned into a corporation leader worth several billion dollars. It turned out, however, that the unorthodox manner of Jobs is badly suitable for a thin and complex business management of a large corporation in a market competition. The company began to endure losses, losing in competition with competitors. In 1985, Jobs was forced to leave the case. He returned when the company had the need to produce technological jerk: high quality improvement operating system His "Macintoshi", restore customer confidence and former market position.

Thus, a corporate leader who wants to remain effective for a long time, should be able to quickly adapt to changeable circumstances and flexibly vary his behavior. It turns out this very few. Much more often, the leader is focused on one style of behavior, which, for example, turned out to be effective in the days of becoming a company, but is not at all suitable for the period of intensive growth and retention of the conquered positions. As a result, the firm over time loses the ability to compete in the market. Another characteristic example is the sad fate of the legendary John Agers, the executive director of IBM, who was briefly dismissed from the corporation in 1993, after many years a bright and successful career. Having done in the 1980s IBM flagship of the computer industry, Ackers was not able to cope with the rapid technological changes that covered the computer industry in the early 90s. It is no coincidence that in the modern Western HighTech business rarely, so that the top management has been safely held in his chairs for more than five years. Periodic "Clear Karaul" allows corporations to remain dynamic, adequately navigate in a rapidly changing world.