Rowan when and how best to plant. Rowan planting and caring for it. Choosing a growing place and planting instructions

Rowan is extremely decorative throughout the year thanks to its leathery, bright green leaves. In early summer, they are covered in white, cream or pink fragrant flowers. In autumn, the leaves of rowan trees acquire an amazing crimson hue, passing through the stages of yellow and orange. In winter, rowan trees are adorned with chic bunches of heavy, shiny berries: scarlet, pink, cream, yellow or brown.

Rowan ( Sorbus) is a genus of deciduous frost-resistant shrubs and trees from the Rosaceae family ( Rosaceae). Rowan trees grow in forests and mountainous areas, their distribution area extends from the far north to middle lane northern hemisphere. The Rowan genus includes about 200 species. This article is about Rowan ordinary (Sorbus aucuparia) - charming trees or shrubs, familiar to us from childhood. The leaves of such mountain ash are complex-elongated, each leaf consists of many narrow pointed leaves.

Since pagan times, rowan has been a part of the life and culture of the Celtic, Scandinavian and Slavic tribes. In their beliefs, mountain ash was endowed with magical powers that could patronize warriors during war, protect from the world of the dead, and also protect from witchcraft. In order to protect from the evil eye, crosses were made from rowan twigs, which were tied with red thread and sewn to clothes. Rowan leaves were used to line the shoes of the bride and groom during the wedding. Staffs were made from rowan wood. Rowan branches adorned the Maypole at Beltane. The rowan was planted next to the dwelling, and it is still considered to uproot or damage the rowan in your yard in some places bad luck... If you look closely at the underside of the rowan berry, you will notice that in shape it is an equilateral five-pointed star, and this is one of the most important ancient pagan symbols - a symbol of protection.

Rowan wood is hard and resilient, while it lends itself well to processing. Since ancient times, spindles and runes have been made from mountain ash. Rowan berries are used to produce organic red dye for fabrics. Rowan fruits are unusually rich in vitamin C and have long been used in home cooking for making wine, beer, jams, preserves, jellies, jelly, desserts and sauces. They are very fond of mountain ash and birds, for which it is an important source of food in winter. They taste sweet-sour or bitter-sour, the latter are recommended to be consumed ready-made with added sugar.

Choosing a rowan planting site

Rowan is a rather tall tree, so it is advisable to plant it along the border of the garden so that it does not shade the area, for example, along the perimeter from the north side. Rowan can grow on any, even poor, soils, but still prefers fertile soils - light and medium loams that hold water well.

Rowan planting

It is planted in autumn or early spring - usually until the end of April, as it starts to grow early. To obtain a more generous harvest, it is better to purchase several varieties of mountain ash: single-variety plantings, although they are prone to self-fertility, are still less productive.

The trees are planted at a distance of at least 4-6 m from each other. Pits are dug 60-80 cm deep and wide. They are filled with a mixture of compost soil with a fertile surface layer of soil, to which they add a handful of ash and superphosphate and 2-3 shovels of three-year manure humus (fresh, unripe manure burns the roots). After planting, rowan seedlings must be watered and shortened by the central conductor, and the next year - young and lateral shoots.

Rowan care

Rowan care is reduced to the timely removal of shoots, which often forms at the root collar, and shoots growing below the grafting site, as well as watering, fertilizing and loosening the soil, forming the crown and fighting pests and diseases. Since rowan trees start growing quite early and quickly in the spring, pruning and fertilizing of plantings should be carried out as early and as soon as possible. At the same time, weak and broken shoots are cut out from young plants, the longest are somewhat shortened to the outer bud.

When pruning fruiting plants, the nature of fruiting should be taken into account. In species and varieties of mountain ash, bearing fruit on the growths of the last year, the shoots are only slightly shortened, and the thickened crown is thinned out. Plants with weak growth are given rejuvenating pruning for two to three years of wood in order to induce the growth of new shoots. In rowan trees bearing on different types fruit formations, shorten the semi-skeletal branches, systematically thinning and rejuvenating the ringlets.

Starting from the third year of life, young mountain ash must be fed with mineral fertilizers. Three-fold feeding is most effective: in the spring, before flowering, 20 g of nitrogen are applied. 25 g of phosphorus and 15 g of potash fertilizers per sq. m landings; in summer - 10-15 g of nitrogen and phosphorus and 10 g of potash; in the fall, after harvest, - 10 g of phosphorus and potassium. Fertilizers are embedded shallowly, slightly digging up the soil, after which the plantings are watered abundantly.

Reproduction of mountain ash

Species rowan - by seeds, and decorative forms and varieties - by grafting on mountain ash or Finnish mountain ash, since the latter has a more powerful and deep root system and plants grafted on it suffer less from dry soil. Good results can be obtained by using common hawthorn as a stock. Rowan peeling is usually carried out in July - early August with a sleeping eye. Rowan home (Sorbus domestica) fails on ordinary rootstocks, good growth has only when vaccinated on pear wilds.

When mountain ash is propagated by seeds, sowing is carried out in autumn or spring, about 150 seeds are sown per 1 running meter stratified from autumn with seeds. Dried or last year's seeds are pre-soaked for 3-4 hours before stratification. Crops carried out before winter must be insulated with leaf litter. Seedlings of most types of mountain ash grow quickly and by the fall are suitable for planting in school for growing and forming.

Growing technology planting material from rowan seeds is much easier, and in some cases more convenient than propagation by grafting - a sleeping bud or cuttings. However, during seed reproduction, one should take into account not only the degree of variability of species, but also the later entry into the season of flowering and fruiting of young plants.

A number of mountain ash, for example, Finnish, elderberry. large-fruited, Moravian, sweet-fruited, Nevezhinskaya, Burka and some others, with seed reproduction, give offspring that practically does not differ from maternal forms and is not inferior to plants obtained by grafting.

Shoots of rowan trees grow quite quickly and, as a rule, ripen. On the permanent place young plants are best planted in autumn, leaving 3-4 m between vigorous species, and 1.5-2 m between small ones.

Rowan varieties

Everyone knows the rowan, but many varieties with tasty and healthy fruits have been bred on its basis, many do not suspect.

‘Scarlet large’- one of the most valuable varieties of this culture. A mixture of pollen was used for hybridization different breeds pears. Its fruits are very large (over 4 g), scarlet-red, reminiscent of cherries, juicy, with a slight astringency, but without bitterness. The variety is fast-growing, universal. The yield from one adult tree reaches 150 kg.
'Bead'- bears fruit in the 4-5th year after planting. On a short tree, ruby-red fruits ripen with a taste reminiscent of cranberries. The variety is winter-hardy, disease resistant. The yields are stable.
‘Wefed’- received from Nevezhinskaya mountain ash. A short tree bears fruit stably. Fruits are orange-pink, shiny, weighing up to 1.3 g. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness.
‘Pomegranate’- a hybrid of common mountain ash with large-fruited hawthorn. The height of the tree is 3-4 m. Fruits are the size of a cherry. The taste is sweet and sour, without bitterness. Winter hardiness and productivity are high. Fruiting from the age of three.
'Gorgeous'- the result of crossing rowan and pear. The tree forms a wide pyramidal crown, its height is 5–6 m. It bears fruit abundantly and annually, the fruits are large, 1.8–2.2 g, rich orange-red color with an oblong shape uncharacteristic of mountain ash. The taste is somewhat tart.
'Hope'- the tree is undersized. Fruits (1.8-2 g), contain a large number of biologically active substances. The variety is distinguished by its early maturity and high yield.
'Ruby'- a dwarf plant (2–2.3 m) with a spreading crown. Fruits are dark ruby (1.8 g), pleasant sweet and sour taste.
'Titanium'- the variety is obtained by crossing the mountain ash with a pear and a red-leaved apple tree. It is a medium-sized tree with a wide, rounded crown. Fruits are dark red with a bluish bloom weighing up to 2 g. Very winter-hardy. Bears fruit annually.
‘Sorbinka’- medium-sized tree. The fruits are large (up to 3 g), yellow-red, with a pleasant refreshing taste. Fruiting in the 5-6th year. The crops are plentiful.

Diseases and pests of mountain ash

Rowan is quite well resistant to various pests and diseases. Significant damage is noted only in some years. On the rowan tree, there are such pests as sawflies, scoop caterpillars, and ticks. On the flowers of the tree, flower beetles settle, and on the fruits and branches of the mountain ash moth, apple fruit sawfly and bark beetles. The rowan harvest is significantly reduced by birds.

Rowan on the site is not only an aesthetic pleasure from fiery scarlet or orange clusters and multi-colored foliage. Rowan berries are rich in important for human body vitamins, trace elements and other substances. The tree is unpretentious in care and does not require special agricultural conditions. Rowan tolerates frosts due to the fact that it blooms quite late - at the end of May or at the beginning of June. This tree requires special attention only in the fall, when you need to prepare it for wintering.

Description

Rowan belongs to the genus of deciduous frost-resistant shrubs and trees from the Rosaceae family. The geography of growth is extensive - from the regions of the Far North to the middle zone. The tree can grow on any soil - from stony to clayey. The rowan can be found on the roads, in parks, gardens, in clearings in the forest.

The tree looks especially impressive in winter time when it is decorated with bright berries, the color of which can be yellow, orange, scarlet. The height of the mountain ash varies - there are shrubs up to 80 cm and trees over 1.5 m in height.

The highest mountain ash - ordinary (Sorbus Aucuparia) - grows above 10 m.

The root system of the common mountain ash is well developed, the roots go deep into the ground, so summer residents who plant this tree in the plots do not bother frequent watering... The wood of the trunk is dense and resilient. The branches are straight, diverge vertically from the trunk, young shoots are grayish-red, pubescent.

Rowan has a luxurious spherical crown. Leaves are complex-elongated, each consisting of many narrow pointed leaves.

The fruits ripen during the summer and autumn, and in winter, under the influence of frost, they lose their bitterness and change their taste. During this time, they become sweet and accumulate many vitamins.

Since ancient times, rowan has been held in high esteem among the Russian, Celtic and Scandinavian tribes. There are many beliefs associated with this tree. The mountain ash was endowed with magical powers and was considered a male tree, which is capable of protecting warriors and protecting people from the influence of witchcraft. Since ancient times, rowan has also been used in home cooking. Wine, jam, jelly and sauces were made from it.

Types and varieties

On the basis of common mountain ash, many varieties have been bred. In total, there are more than 100 of them. They differ from each other:

height;
trunk thickness;
the length of the shoots;
color and taste of berries.

The most popular and disease-resistant and frost-resistant varieties that can be grown in your garden are presented in the table:

Name	Characteristic	Photo
Bead	A short tree with ruby-red berries that taste like cranberries, bears fruit in the 4th - 5th year after planting
Scarlet Large	A fast-growing variety with large bright red fruits weighing up to 4 g. Berries are tart, but not bitter
Titanium	Medium-sized tree, dark red fruits with a bluish bloom. Bears fruit every year
Dessert	A low-growing tree that bears fruit in a year. Requires fertilization. Berries are dark, tart, juicy
Michurinskaya	A valuable variety with large berries with a sweet and sour taste, it is a medium-sized tree
Liqueur	Reminiscent of chokeberry, both in taste and in appearance, with a sweet, slightly astringent taste. Suitable for winemaking

Along with the usual red varieties and chokeberry, yellow and white rowan clusters can often be seen in the gardens. So, for example, the variety Yellow is a high-yielding one. The branches of this mountain ash, weighed down with fruits, literally bent to the ground. The berries are juicy, suitable for making jams and pies.

Mountain ash of the Solnechnaya variety is not so fruitful, but its berries are tasty, without bitterness. She was bred by spontaneous hybridization of Nevezhinskaya Kubova, therefore she is sometimes called the Daughter of Kubova.

Kene and White Swan varieties are considered separately. They are unfit for human consumption and are grown as ornamental plants.

Garden species of mountain ash are not only trees and shrubs with high-vitamin fruits. Among other plants, they create beautiful and vibrant colors.

Planting and breeding

The best time to plant mountain ash is autumn. But if you can't do this in the fall, you can plant the tree in early spring, no later than the end of April. The depth of the pit for planting should be at least 80 cm, width - about 60 cm.

Despite the fact that mountain ash is not too demanding on the composition of the soil, it is recommended to apply fertilizer when planting: this way the tree will take root and overwinter better.

Top dressing consists of the following components:

5 kg of humus or peat compost;
100 g of potassium fertilizer;
200 g superphosphate.

Having deepened the seedling into the hole, you need to trample the ground around. If the tree is planted in cold weather, then spruce branches or other branches should be laid around it.

One of the options is to plant rowan trees in the garden along the fence. If several trees are planted, the distance between them should be at least 4-5 m. After planting, the seedling is watered. The mountain ash will not require any more care.

Reproduction is carried out by grafting. Rowan or hawthorn is used as a stock. A sleeping bud or stalk is grafted at the end of autumn, and budding is carried out at the beginning of June.

Homemade rowan does not work well on ordinary rootstocks, but it shows good results after grafting on pear wilds. If mountain ash is propagated by seeds, they are sown in spring or autumn with stratified seeds: about 150 pieces are sown per 1 running meter. Before stratification, last year's or dried seeds are soaked for 3-4 hours.

Rowan fruits close up

Unlike wild mountain ash, gardening requires regular feeding, processing of near-trunk circles, pruning, watering. Otherwise, a good harvest cannot be expected. Rowan is very fond of fertilizers.

Secrets of growing garden rowan in the country

With age (and therefore with active fruiting), the need for them increases. In the first half of summer, mountain ash, like other garden crops, needs mineral nutrition - at this time the shoots grow intensively, flower buds are laid, fruits are formed.

Variety name	Characteristic
Titanium	The variety was developed by crossing pear and red-leaved apple pollen. From this came a strong tree with dense foliage. The fruits weigh 2 g. They are sweet and sour, juicy with yellow pulp, pinkish near the skin. They can be eaten fresh and also processed. In Russia, the harvest is plentiful.
Liqueur
Pomegranate
Dessert
Burka
Scarlet large
Finnish
Nevezhinskaya

Heading "Question-answer"

Question number 1.

Question number 2.

Question number 3.

The elegant beauty of mountain ash is praised in literature and poetry for a reason. The decorative appeal of the curly tree is reinforced useful properties fruits.

Rowan: planting and care, types and varieties

The elegant beauty of mountain ash is praised in literature and poetry for a reason. The decorative appeal of the curly tree is supported by the beneficial properties of the fruit. Since ancient times, our ancestors served rowan delicacies to the table: candied fruits, in honey, jam or spicy pickled berries. Also noteworthy healing properties plants. Popularly, berries and tree bark are used with a lack of vitality- vitamin deficiency, the fruit tincture has hemostatic properties, has a diuretic effect. And, probably, there is no Russian who would not have tasted the noble rowan liqueur prepared at home.

In Russia, rowan is a tree-amulet, it was attributed magical properties, planted at the entrance to the house or yard. Modern gardeners are also supportive of this tree, which releases phytoncides, and they wish to use it to decorate the landscape of their personal plot... Before planting rowan in your yard, it is advisable to choose the most suitable type of tree. In total, more than a hundred of them are known; about 40 winter-hardy species freely grow in our zone. They differ in height, crown shape, fruit color. Depending on the design tasks, large-sized or undersized species, shrub varieties or with a spreading crown are chosen.

Designers recommend compatriots to plant mountain ash of cultivated varieties: "Businka", "Burka", "Chernoplodnaya", "Rubinovaya", "Pomegranate", "Sorbinka", "Titan". This choice is evidenced by the unpretentiousness of these species, early entry into fruiting, high palatability of the fruit. Fruiting of non-gentile mountain ash varieties "Yellow", "Kubovaya", "Krasnaya" comes late. The astringent tannins of raw berries impart a bitter taste to the fruit. Some of them acquire a pleasant aftertaste only after the first frost, others only after processing.

The picturesque delicate beauty of mountain ash belongs to the category of long-lived trees, the duration of her life can reach hundreds of years. The question of how to plant mountain ash correctly so that it pleases several generations is pertinent.

The first thing to know: the place should be chosen not shaded, the soil should be nutritious, with good drainage.

Second: rowan is an excellent neighbor for shrubs, flowers and grasses. Deep taproot absorbs moisture at depth, does not take away nutrient moisture and plants with roots located close to the surface. Plants do not compete with respect to sunlight, on the contrary, light foliage shades, protects from scorching rays.

There is no need to prune the tree - it looks great with natural crown formation. In some cases, insecticide pest control may be necessary.

Rowan belongs to the genus of deciduous frost-resistant trees and shrubs from the Rosaceae family. It grows on any soil, is not afraid of the shade, but, growing in sunny places, brings large harvests. Rowan loves moisture, but does not tolerate waterlogging. It is self-fertile, so several varieties need to be planted on the site at once. We will tell in the article how to plant rowan, at what time, how to care for the seedlings.

How mountain ash reproduces: ways

There are about 80 varieties of mountain ash and many more hybrids. Rowan is a tree with delicate leaves and red-orange fruits. There are trees reaching 2 meters in height, and there are also low-growing shrubs - no more than 2 meters in height. The fruits can have the most different colour: orange, red, burgundy, cream, pink, yellow, white.

Rowan is a tree that is easy to grow and plant

In wild species, the fruits are bitter, in garden ones, they are sweet. Many of them reproduce by seeds. In the wild, seeds are carried by small animals and birds - rowan shoots sprout from their droppings. How to grow rowan from seeds? Usually seeds are collected from berries, then they are ground, washed, dried. Seeds are sown in September-October to a depth of 2 centimeters. Sprinkle them on top with humus and earth.

Seedlings usually do not appear in the next spring, but the next. Usually rowan is planted before the buds swell - in spring, or two to three weeks before frost - in late autumn. Species varieties of mountain ash are grown from seeds, and decorative varieties are grown by grafting on mountain ash or Finnish, which has a more powerful and deep root system, and those plants that are grafted on it are less poor from dry soil.

Tip # 1. It is good to use common hawthorn as a stock. Budding is carried out by a dormant eye in late July - early August.

Homemade rowan does not work well on ordinary rootstocks, but it shows good results after grafting on pear wilds.

Rowan ordinary-planting and care in the open field

If mountain ash is propagated by seeds, they are sown in spring or autumn with stratified seeds: about 150 pieces are sown per 1 running meter. Before stratification, last year's or dried seeds are soaked for 3-4 hours.

Crops carried out before winter must be insulated with fallen leaves. Rowan seedlings grow quickly, and by autumn they can already be planted in school for growing and forming. Growing planting material from seeds is much easier and often more convenient than propagation by grafting - a cuttings or a dormant bud. But it is necessary to take into account the degree of variability of species, and the fact that during seed reproduction, the entry into the season of flowering and fruiting of plants occurs later.

Some mountain ash - for example, elderberry, large-fruited, Finnish, sweet-fruited, Moravian, Burka, Nevezhinskaya and others - with seed reproduction produce offspring that are no different from the maternal forms and are in no way inferior to those plants that are obtained through grafting. Rowan shoots grow quickly and usually ripen. ".

Young plants are planted in a permanent place in the fall. 3-4 meters are left between vigorous species, 1.5-2 meters between small ones.

Where to plant rowan and how to care for the soil

Rowan is unpretentious. However, it grows and bears fruit best on loamy fertile soil with good, but not excessive moisture, as well as on sandy loam soil. If it is acidic, then liming must be carried out in advance. It is better to plant rowan in open sunny places - in this case, its crown will be more spreading, and the harvest will be richer.

Rowan will not like places near garbage dumps, swampy places. It does not tolerate alkaline soils and soil compaction of the trunk circle. It is very important to keep an eye on the soil in the near-trunk circles. Namely - to water, loosen, mulch, apply fertilizers in three doses to the topsoil - in the spring, before flowering, in the summer - ammophos. After harvesting, in autumn, only phosphorus-potassium ones. The grafted mountain ash should be regularly removed from wild growth that is unsuitable for reproduction.

How to grow rowan from seeds: step by step instructions

This method of growing a crop is very time consuming and troublesome.

Rowan fruits are gently kneaded to the consistency of gruel, which must be left warm for 1-3 days.
With the help of tweezers, seeds are removed from it.
They are washed in a gauze bag.
They dry it a little and sow it in a pot filled with 2/3 soil from the bottom, and 1/3 from the top with coarse sand.
The seeds are placed in pre-moistened sand.
The pot is kept warm for several days, then either at a temperature of +5 degrees, or deep in the snow for stratification.

Rowan fruits close up

Seedlings will appear either in the spring or after a year. Thus, only species are propagated - Kene mountain ash (with white fruits, forest). High-quality mountain ash (sweet-fruited, pomegranate, pink-fruited, etc.) reproduces only with the help of vaccinations on wild boar - it is much faster and more efficient. ".

Preparation of seeds for germination in mountain ash lasts 90-180 days - it depends on the weather during the growing season. Seeds that form in wet years usually short term stratification, in arid - more prolonged. This dependence is less noticeable in chokeberry. Excellent shoots emerge from seeds that are laid for stratification immediately after harvesting, without drying. If they germinate prematurely, they need to be stored under snow or in a place with a temperature of 0-3 degrees.

Tip # 2. The earth is periodically moderately moistened, but so that the seeds do not germinate prematurely and do not rot.

In early spring sow seeds to a depth of 1.5 centimeters, in well-fed soil organic fertilizers... In the fall, you can sow unstratified seeds if you soak them in water for 24 hours. After sowing, the beds are immediately mulched with humus so that the soil does not dry out. In dry weather, especially if seedlings have appeared, the plants need to be watered. During the summer, you need to water three times.

The seedlings are thinned out so that there is a distance of 4-5 centimeters between them. Rowan is oiled in the same way as a pear and an apple tree. To transplant rowan, at least two years must pass. The mountain ash tree is unpretentious - if the root system is dug out carefully, it quickly takes root in a new place. Even if its leaves have fallen, it will most likely come to life next year.

Rowan seeds grow easily when planted correctly

How to plant rowan cuttings according to the rules

Rowan is planted in spring or autumn. The distance between plants should be 3-4 meters. There should be several rowan trees on the site: rowan is self-fertile, therefore several different varieties... This will ensure a good harvest. If this is not done, then very few berries will be born.

The parameters of the planting pit must correspond to the parameters of the rowan root system: 80x50 centimeters or 60x100 centimeters (diameter and depth). 500-600 grams of superphosphate, 10-12 kilograms of humus, 70-130 grams of potassium salt are added to the pit. It is necessary to make a drainage layer of rubble 10-20 centimeters. The distance between trees should be 4-5 meters. The root collar should be at ground level after soil subsidence.

Step-by-step instructions for planting rowan

The cuttings should be rooted in fertile soil in February and watered systematically. Apply complex mineral fertilizers twice a month.
Planting plants in cloudy weather immediately after the snow melts and the soil warms up to optimal temperature... Planting can be carried out in the fall, at the end of September, on the eve of stable frosts. Autumn cuttings are carefully covered with foliage and wrapped in roofing felt. When the first snow falls, sprinkle and tamp the planting.
Plant the rowan in groups - 5-6 plants at a distance of 4 meters from each other.
For the first two years, it is necessary to regularly water the plantings, cultivate the soil around the plants, and feed them with complex mineral fertilizers.
From the third year, the rowan does not need care - the plants have already grown stronger and grow on their own. They have enough precipitation. In dry summer, you need to water them 2-3 times per season.
Care for seedlings is the same as for cuttings. Only you do not need to root them, but immediately plant them in prepared pits fertilized with humus. If humus is not put, then it is enough to feed the seedlings with complex fertilizers at least 3 times per season.

Care, fertilization, feeding of mountain ash

Unlike wild mountain ash, gardening requires regular feeding, processing of near-trunk circles, pruning, watering. Otherwise, a good harvest cannot be expected. Rowan is very fond of fertilizers. With age (and therefore with active fruiting), the need for them increases. In the first half of summer, mountain ash, like other garden crops, needs mineral nutrition - at this time the shoots grow intensively, flower buds are laid, fruits are formed.

Do not forget that, although mountain ash is a persistent plant, it also requires additional fertilizing and fertilization with the necessary microelements.

In autumn, it is desirable to apply potash and phosphorus fertilizers, and readily soluble nitrogen fertilizers - in the spring. Phosphorus-potassium dressing can be transferred to the spring, but the results will be obvious only after a year. If, before planting rowan, the soil is well filled with organomineral fertilizers, then in the first two years in the spring, only nitrogen fertilizers (25-30 g / sq. M) are applied to the trunk circles.

Once every two to three years for the last tillage in October, 40-50 g / sq. m of superphosphate and 20-30 g / sq. m of potassium salt.
In the early years, it is better to apply fertilizer to the near-trunk strips. When the row spacings are completely filled with roots, fertilizers must be evenly distributed over the entire area.
If you increase the doses of nitrogen fertilizers, it will increase the yield by almost 2-3 times, but will lower the content of vitamin R. in berries. "

How much water does a mountain ash need? When the shoots and ovary grow intensively, and the summer is dry, young mountain ash is watered at 20-30 l / sq. m, fruiting - once a week at 40-50 l / sq. m. In the near-trunk circles of young and fruiting rowan trees, the soil must be constantly loosened, weeds are pulled out.

But in the aisles, it must be processed no deeper than 18-20 centimeters, in the near-trunk strips - by 5-6 centimeters. In this case, deep processing can cause abundant root growth, which appears throughout the life of plants, but more intensively in young plants. Shoots grow from the base of the trunk or from the roots. And from what they have favorable conditions food, develop rapidly, suppressing the growth of trees.

If the root shoots are not removed in time, by the age of 5-6 it will completely suppress the tree. She is cut off sharp knife or pruning shears. The cut must be done close to the stem or in top layer soil - so as not to leave hemp. Otherwise, even more indomitable growth will form from the dormant buds.

The most common varieties of mountain ash

The most popular varieties of mountain ash are presented in the table:

Variety name	Characteristic
Titanium	The variety was developed by crossing pear and red-leaved apple pollen. From this came a strong tree with dense foliage. The fruits weigh 2 g. They are sweet and sour, juicy with yellow pulp, pinkish near the skin. They can be eaten fresh and also processed. In Russia, the harvest is plentiful.
Liqueur	It is a hybrid of mountain ash and chokeberry. The berries are large, sweet, dark in color.
Pomegranate	To obtain this variety, an ordinary mountain ash and a blood-red hawthorn were crossed. The berries are very large, dark red in color. Suitable for all types of processing. Harvest from one tree - maximum 60 kg.
Dessert	The height of the tree reaches 2 meters. Pentahedral fruits have a bulbous shape. The crop is harvested as soon as it ripens, otherwise the berries will lose their presentation. Their taste is tart, sweetish-sour. Suitable for making compotes.
Burka	Alpine chokeberry hybrid and common mountain ash... The tree is compact, undersized. Berries are rich in anthocyanins, vitamins. Designed for recycling.
Scarlet large	The variety was obtained by crossing pear pollen and Moravian mountain ash. The fruits are rich in vitamin C. Abundant fruiting occurs annually.
Finnish	The mountain ash of this variety is similar to the common mountain ash. The difference is in color. Raspberry fruits become transparent as they ripen. The berries are neither bitter nor tart.
Nevezhinskaya	This is the most popular variety. Has a sweet fruit. The variety is subdivided into varieties: "Red" with sweet fruits; "Kubovaya" with sweet and sour berries; "Yellow" with fresh berries.

Remember that rowan is not only beautiful plant, but also useful, both for people and for birds

Heading "Question-answer"

Question number 1. Is it possible to plant a black one next to a red mountain ash?

Can. You should not be afraid of cross-pollination. However, given that the red mountain ash is usually higher than the chokeberry, it is advisable to plant them so that the first does not obscure the second. Chokeberry branches well, but it is better to grow no more than 3-4 trunks from a bush, and cut the rest straight from the ground. After 10 years, it will be necessary to change the old trunks for young ones, and every year leave only 1 most powerful, vertically growing shoot instead of the old one. It is better to grow red rowan in one, maximum three trunks.

Question number 2. A lot of mountain ash grows on the site, and in the fall the whole garden is covered with its leaves. Can I leave them to dig up with the soil in the spring?

Rowan is practically not sick. Therefore, the leaves do not need to be raked. They are perfect as a groundbait in the spring. Another use for rowan leaves: they can be used to shift vegetables and fruits prepared for storage for the winter - this will protect them from mold and bacteria.

Question number 3. Is it possible to transplant rowan seedlings in early June?

If you can not damage the root system and ensure regular watering, then such a transplant is quite possible. When transplanting, use Kornevin.

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Planting rowan in autumn

The tree is frost-resistant, the fruits are processed into juices, wine, jam, marshmallow or ground with sugar.

Also, rowan fruits are used in folk medicine.

Rowan is a light-loving plant, but at the same time the place must be protected from through winds. When choosing a planting site, preference is also given to moist, but not stagnant soils.

Otherwise, the plant may die due to damage to the roots and bark.

How to plant rowan in spring

Planting rowan in autumn

The mountain ash has long been one of the symbols of Russia. The ancient Slavs even had a belief that mountain ash has the ability to protect from the evil eye.

The tree is frost-resistant, the fruits are processed into juices, wine. jam, marshmallow or grind with sugar. Also, rowan fruits are used in folk medicine.

Rowan is a light-loving plant, but at the same time the place must be protected from through winds. When choosing a planting site, preference is also given to moist, but not stagnant soils. Otherwise, the plant may die due to damage to the roots and bark.

Rowan trees are planted in autumn: in September-October, a month before frost or in early spring. Planting too late can lead to the fact that the next year the seedling will be sore and lagging behind in development.

In the fall, you can more carefully approach the issue of planting mountain ash on the "right" place and soil.

It is better to choose a two-year-old seedling - it will be stronger and stronger. You need to choose a two-year-old with at least three strong root branches, the length of which should reach forty centimeters. You can also have a one-year-old, but you need to consider the parameters specified above, taking them into account is important at least in part.

There are, of course, cases that winter comes earlier, and the seedlings have already been bought - then the trees are buried. For this, a small hill is chosen, a traditional trench is dug - about forty centimeters.

Rowan does not tolerate acidic soil, in such cases it is preliminarily limed with slaked lime, then the seedling is laid in such a way that the top looks to the south.

Rowan does not like soil compaction and weeds, therefore, it will be necessary to clean the near-trunk circles from weeds and necessarily superficial loosening of the soil - a deep one contributes to the appearance of root growth, which slows down the development of the tree. Therefore, if it appears, it must be cut out without leaving hemp.

This location should keep the mountain ash from the burns of the February and March sun. Cover the roots and about half of the stem with soil, trample and water abundantly. After absorbing water, peat or earth is poured in the form of a mound to protect the root system from winter frosts. When there are many mice in the garden, they cover the hole with spruce branches and periodically trample the snow in winter.

How to plant rowan

Rowan grows on any soil, is not afraid of shading, but in sunny places it gives large yields, it is hygrophilous, but does not tolerate waterlogging. The mountain ash is self-fertile, so at least 3 varieties should be planted on the site.

When to plant rowan

Rowan is planted, as a rule, in the spring - before the buds swell or in the fall - two to three weeks before the onset of stable frosts.

Rowan planting technique

Landing pits are prepared in advance. Ideally for spring planting pits should be dug in the fall, and for the fall - 2-3 weeks before planting. Optimal size holes for trees - 1 m in diameter, depth up to 0.8 m. For shrubs, holes 0.6-0.8 m in diameter and 0.5 m deep are sufficient. Such a large volume is necessary so that the young and still weak roots of the seedling, while developing, at least for the first year or two, do not waste energy on breaking through dense layers of untouched soil. When digging a hole, first remove the top, fertile layer of soil to the depth of a shovel bayonet and put it on the edge of the hole. The lower, infertile layer is removed and folded separately. Fertilizers are laid in the pit: 1-1.5 kg of double superphosphate, 50-100 g of potassium sulfate, the same amount of potassium chloride, up to 1 kg wood ash, up to 1.5 kg of fluff lime, 1-2 buckets of compost or well-rotted manure. All fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with half of the soil removed from the top of the pit. A third of the mixture mixed with fertilizers is taken out of the pit again and then used when planting a seedling along with the remaining soil. If the soil is on your garden plot heavy enough, add a couple of buckets of sand to the soil you dug out of the hole.

Rowan: planting, growing, care

With light, sandy soil in lower part fill the holes with clay or loamy soil.

Rowan propagation

Mountain ash is propagated by root suckers, layering, cuttings, grafting on rowan seedlings, and to obtain dwarf plants - on chokeberry, seeds. Fresh seeds are sown in fall or spring. The main breeding method is grafting or budding on winter-hardy rowan rootstocks. The grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit at 4 - 5 years, the offspring of the common mountain ash - at 6 - 7, elder-leaved - at the 2nd - 3rd year. In the first years, fruit buds are laid on fruit twigs, in the future, ringlets become the predominant fruit formations.

Rowan fertilization

Rowan care is not so difficult. It is necessary to regularly remove the shoots at the root collar, water and fertilize the soil. Loosening the soil is another important condition in growing mountain ash. In the spring, rowan grows very actively, so at this time you need to feed and trim, and as quickly as possible. Broken or weak shoots can be cut off in young plants, long stems are made shorter. Weak plants cut for 2-3 year old wood, so new shoots will grow faster. In the third year of life, the plants need to be fertilized, and for this purpose they are suitable mineral fertilizers... In the spring, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied. In summer, the soil is fed with the same fertilizers, only in smaller quantities. And after the harvest is harvested, only phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied in an amount of 10 grams per square meter... Fertilizers do not need to be heavily embedded in the soil, then they slightly dig up the soil and watered with plenty of water. Don't be greedy, SHARE YOUR ARTICLE WITH YOUR FRIENDS.

BERRY AND FRUIT RECIPES

We planted a rowan tree behind the "outskirts" at the dacha, framed by flower beds. Revered by the Russian people, a symbol of beauty, love and purity of feelings - this is our ordinary red mountain ash. We planted as many as four rowan berries 15 years ago, hoping only to admire them, but over time, having gained experience, we began to indulge in jam from its berries and eat a liqueur with liqueur.

How to grow mountain ash in a summer cottage

Rowan planting

Our tree is wild. Snowless, icy. windy Far Eastern winters endure at times. We brought tiny rowan seedlings to the site from the forest in the spring, and planted them in the most illuminated place, at a distance of about two and a half meters from each other. They dug holes corresponding to the size of the rhizomes, poured good soil so that she did not feel rejected, shed them well, and by the fall it was already clear that everything was in order with her. Like all wild ones, like bird cherry. trees in our country house, we do not bypass the rowan side, feeding in the spring with a nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium mixture.

Rowan ordinary - beautiful ornamental plant successfully complementing landscape design dachas. With a pyramidal, rounded crown, graceful leaves, multi-flowered inflorescences, bright red and orange fruits. The tree looks especially wonderful during the fruiting period, when the brushes are fully ripe.

Rowan care

Taking care of the mountain ash, we constantly cut out the root shoots, remove the top shoots, carry out sanitary pruning to remove old and dried branches. We lighten the crown by removing densely growing branches directed inward. We formed trees with a stem at a height of 50-60 cm and left on each of five to six skeletal branches.

Of the diseases, sometimes you have to deal with mountain ash and mites. Iskra DE (15 grams per 10 liters of water) and colloidal sulfur (40 grams per 10 liters of water) serve us against them. The red mountain ash hardly gets sick. But for prevention, we spray in the spring with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.

The word "mountain ash" often goes along with another word - "bitter". Indeed, the berries lose their bitterness only after the first frost or special processing. In our Far East summer cottage we harvest the fruits at the end of September, beginning of October. We cut with brushes. By the way, they can be stored in a cool place in the basement. They will last until March.

Red rowan berries contain carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin P, calcium phosphorus, iron, iodine, sorbitic acid. But, since our article is not on a medical topic, we will just make do with a short list of the elements listed above.

From the fruits of mountain ash, jams, marmalades, marshmallows are prepared. Dry berries are part of the medicinal vitamin preparations, and fresh compote promotes bile secretion. Pickled berries are a good seasoning for game dishes.

Rowan is very beautiful both during flowering and with bunches ripe on the branches. The berries on the tree last for a long time, they are not afraid of frost, they are tasty in the form of juices, jellies, jams, marmalades, pastilles or simply rubbed with sugar. You can even make homemade medicine based on them. Therefore, many gardeners are interested in having at least one rowan tree on their site. She is a classic of the Russian landscape. And the ancient Slavs attributed to the mountain ash the ability to protect the courtyard from all evil spirits.

Planting and growing common mountain ash.

It is possible to grow ordinary mountain ash on the most ordinary soil, but on the lungs the tree will grow worse and give a lower yield than it could. It is most favorable to plant rowan in the fall. The landing pit 60x60 cm in size is filled fertile soil, add about 5 kg of peat soil or humus, 100 g of potash fertilizer and 200 g of superphosphate to it.
The easiest and quickest way to get a seedling is to graft a bud or stalk onto a seedling of any type of mountain ash. This can also be done with the help of layering, grafting, seeds and root suckers.

You can grow mountain ash from freshly picked berries, which are harvested when they start to turn brown. They need to be freed from the pulp. Seeds should be kept moist until sowing in the fall. Shallow grooves are made in the soil, they are sealed with humus, deepening by one and a half centimeters. Plant in a well-lit area. When the seedlings grow up, transplant them to a permanent place. In the process of leaving, form a stem up to 80 cm in height and graft a couple of cuttings into its upper part, from which you will subsequently form a crown. According to the technique, rowan grafting is done in the same way as on an apple tree.

Rowan care, crown formation and pruning.

After that, all care comes down to weeding the weeds in time, removing the rootstock, applying fertilizers, watering and loosening the soil. It would also be nice to mulch the trunk circle (cover it with straw, pine needles, dried grass). Before the start of fruiting, a puddle should form in the near-stem circle from watering - this is the advice of experienced summer residents.
Layers are made if the mother tree has a low-standard shape, which will allow you to easily bend the branches to the ground.
In grafted plants, fruits will appear in 2-4 years. It is advisable to plant or plant a couple of varieties at least so that they are cross-pollinated.
Pruning is done to evenly illuminate the tree, hence for a larger yield. Since the crown of the mountain ash is pyramidal, and the branches from the trunk depart at an acute angle, this has a bad effect on their strength. Therefore, when forming the main skeletal branches, try to bring them out at an obtuse or right angle.

Pruning is done in early spring before the buds swell. In young trees, shoots are weakly shortened to the outer bud, shoots that branch off at an acute angle and excess are removed. The varieties that bear fruit on last year's growths are thinned out and slightly shortened. If the growth is weak, rejuvenating pruning for two or five years of wood will help. The rowan tree, on which several varieties are grafted, are shortened by semi-skeletal branches and in the most productive years, ringlets (the smallest branches) are thinned out. Rowan shoots grow quite quickly, almost everything ripens by winter.

Red rowan varieties

There are many varieties of red rowan, but at home, sweet-fruited species are more interesting for growing:

Russian variety or liqueur bred by Michurin - he crossed an ordinary forest mountain ash with a black chokeberry. Possesses high winter hardiness and productivity. Large fruits up to 15 mm in diameter, almost black. It is mainly used for the preparation of liqueurs, liqueurs and preserves.

Rowan home very common throughout Central Asia, grows in the Crimea. Differs in very large green size with plum fruits. The tree is very tall - almost 15 m in height.

Variety Nevezhinskaya. The tree is up to 10 m high with a wide pyramidal crown, strong. It has dark gray branches and trunk, which darken with age. She has oblong-pointed large buds and elongated, red 5-sided fruits. The taste is good, the bitterness is not felt. Ripens in August-September.

Variety Pomegranate. Obtained by crossing rowan with hawthorn. The height of the tree is up to 4 m. It has a very thin crown. Faceted pomegranate-colored fruits have a slightly tart sweet taste and ripen in August-September.

Titanium grade. Received in 1916 by I.V. Michurin. He pollinated a hybrid rowan seedling with pollen of various varieties of apple trees and pears. The tree is tall, almost 10 m tall with a dense pyramidal crown. Faceted red, juicy fruits. The taste is sweet and sour. High-yielding winter-hardy variety.

Ruby variety. Obtained as a result of pollination of mountain ash with pear pollen of different varieties. Fruits sweet and sour faceted, dark red.

Most varieties of mountain ash are self-fertile, so for a good harvest, it is advisable to plant several different varieties for cross-pollination. You can negotiate with your neighbors and plant trees of different varieties on both sides of the fence. If you are only planting one tree, plant a couple of other varieties in the crown.

Harvesting

Rowan berries on the branches last for a long time. It is better to harvest bitter-fruited varieties after the first frost, so that the astringency goes away. Berries of sweet varieties are removed immediately when ripe, so that they are not pecked by birds. You can pick off low-growing trees with your hands, and cut off brushes from high ones with loppers. If the berries are removed after frost, then they can be stored all winter in brushes in a cold place or frozen. And the fruits collected before frost must be cleaned of leaves, branches and stalks, sorted out, dried in the air and dried in the sun or in the oven. About 20 kg of fruits are usually harvested from one tree.

Rowan in Russia has always been one of the most beloved trees. No wonder she was affectionately called - mountain ash or mountain ash. For the similarity of its leaves with ash leaves, its names from other languages are translated as "false ash", "mountain ash". Many folk signs were associated with mountain ash: “The mountain ash has bloomed - it's time to sow flax”, “The mountain ash has bloomed late - the autumn will be long and warm”, “There are a lot of mountain ash in the forest - by the rainy autumn and harsh winter”.

Rowan is a tree (and in the mountains and a shrub) 5-10 m high, although in some cases it can grow up to 20 m, with a crown width of an adult plant - up to 6 m. Rowan has long been planted near houses in order to protect households from the evil eye ... Drinks, desserts, sauces and even medicine were prepared from its berries. Rowan wood was used by joiners, turners and woodcarvers. Now this tree is widely used, since it has decorative view, attracts nomadic birds in autumn and winter with fruits, is shade-tolerant and frost-resistant, and also tolerates city conditions well. Rowan will decorate your site with openwork leaves, flowering in spring and bright fruits in autumn.

For planting rowan seedlings, choose one or two years old.

Rowan grows well in both sunny and shaded areas, preferring moist, but not stagnant places. It is undemanding to soils, but does not tolerate alkaline soils, as well as soil compaction of the trunk circle and the presence of weeds. If the soil is acidic, then lime it beforehand. Likes to grow on loam and sandy loam soil.

Rowan seedlings are planted in autumn, September-October or early spring due to their rapid development. The size of the planting pit should correspond to the size of the rowan root system, approximately 80 * 50 cm or 60 * 100 cm (diameter * depth). Superphosphate (500-600 g), humus (10-12 kg) and potassium salt (70-130 g) can be added to the prepared pit. Make a drainage layer of rubble 10-20 cm. The distance between rowan trees should be at least 4-5 m.

Pay attention to the level of the root collar after the soil subsides, it should be level with the ground.

Rowan care

Rowan loves moisture, so a lack of it will slow down growth and development. In the dry season, water is poured at the rate of 1 bucket of water per 1 sq. M. crown projection.

Rowan root shoots must be removed in a timely manner, without leaving hemp in the upper layer of the soil, as it slows down the growth of the tree. In order for the root growth to become less, loosening must be superficial (5 cm).

Rowan responds well to feeding in the spring nitrogen fertilization(for 10 liters of water 1 kg of mullein, 10 g of urea and 15 g of ammonium nitrate), and in the fall of phosphorus-potassium (15-20 g of nitroammofoska).

If you are growing a tall variety of mountain ash, then you regulate its height and thickening. Skeletal branches are formed at an angle of 45 ° C. Dry branches are removed in early spring.

For the winter, rowan tree trunks are mulched with peat or sawdust in a layer of 8-12 cm.

In late August, early September, they begin to harvest rowan fruits. Do not delay with harvesting, as mountain ash becomes tasteless, and birds begin to peck at it.

Note to summer residents: the magic of mountain ash

Rowan has been considered a magical plant for many centuries and played an important role in the beliefs and rituals of the ancient Slavs, Scandinavians and Celts. The mountain ash protected our ancestors from the evil eye and witchcraft. It was believed that the house, in which a bunch of red rowan trees was hung, was protected from fire. Damaging a tree was considered a bad omen. Rowan twigs were folded in a cross, tied with a red thread and attached to clothes. The magic of mountain ash was also manifested to calm the children: the mountain ash bark was hidden under the mattress of the children so that they calm down and sleep soundly.

mountain ash can be torn from the autumn Peter-Paul (September 10 - the day of remembrance of Saints Peter and Paul);
several bunches must be left on the tree - so that the birds fly; the harvested rowan berries need to be kept in the cold - they will vegetate, grafted and sugar will be picked up; store the harvested rowan in the cellar or in the attic in baskets and boxes for up to six months;
rowan berries can be used to prepare compote, fruit drink, kvass, jam, juice, wine, liqueur, tincture and marshmallow;
it is good to add rowan berries to cabbage for pickling, as well as to pickled apples;
it is better to take thin branches of rowan for weaving baskets, and thicker ones for making hoops for barrels, handles for hand tool and rods;
from the wood of mountain ash roots it is good to hammer and cut bowls, ladles, spoons and ladles;
mountain ash bark is suitable for tanning skins;
mountain ash is a good honey plant, its honey has a reddish color, strong aroma and medicinal properties;
dried rowan berries - a good filling for pies;
mature berries need to be fed to livestock and poultry, then they will be healthy;

According to Druid beliefs, people born in April and October enjoy special protection of mountain ash.

Rowan in Feng Shui

In Feng Shui, mountain ash is responsible for reputation and popularity. It belongs to the element of fire, like a plant with red fruits. Therefore, it is better to plant rowan in the southern part of your site, then you are guaranteed a good reputation and popularity among all neighbors!