Useful for electrical automation, equipment, instrumentation and programming. Shutdown of ventilation and air conditioning systems in case of fire Mechanism of signal generation to turn off the power of ventilation and air conditioning systems

I have highlighted with a red pencil:
Federal Law No. 123 "Technical Regulations" Article 85, p. 9. When you turn on the systems ... anti-smoke ventilation ... in the event of a fire, ... shutdown of the general exchange ... ventilation systems ... should be carried out.
Intermediate summary number-1: it is imperative to turn off the general ventilation systems ONLY !!! when the smoke ventilation systems are turned on.

GOST 12.4.009-83 FIRE TECHNOLOGY FOR PROTECTING OBJECTS
p.2.2.6. When AUPT and AUPS are triggered in rooms where a fire has occurred, ventilation and air conditioning systems must be automatically turned off in accordance with the requirements of the Building Norms and Rules approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
Interim summary №-2: ventilation systems should be turned off only in rooms where a fire has occurred !!! Further, the requirements must be looked at in SNiPs and SP.

SP 7.13130.2009 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (taking into account "... do not apply ..."
p.7.19 The control of the executive elements of the anti-smoke ventilation equipment should be carried out ... In all variants, the shutdown of the general ventilation and air conditioning systems is required.
Interim summary №-3: it is imperative to turn off the general ventilation and air conditioning systems ONLY !!! when the smoke ventilation systems are turned on.

SNiP 41-01-2003 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING 12 ELECTRIC SUPPLY AND AUTOMATION
12.4 For buildings with AUPT and AUPS ... automatic BLOCKING should be provided !!! electrical receivers ... ventilation systems ... with electrical receivers of smoke protection systems for:
a) shutdown in case of fire ventilation systems ...
b) ...
v) …
Notes (edit)
1 Necessity of partial or complete shutdown of ventilation systems, closing of fire-prevention valves and opening of fire-prevention and smoke dampers - according to the design assignment.
12.7 The level of automation and control of systems should be selected depending on the technological requirements, economic feasibility and design assignments.
Interim summary No.-4:
1) control of the ventilation system (shutdown in case of fire) must be combined into one unit with control of the smoke ventilation system.
2) both the need, and completeness, and the level of automation when stopping ventilation systems, as well as the level of control (including remote control) over the state of the system - EVERYTHING !!! on a design assignment.
In addition, SNiP 41-01-2003 has several MISFACTIONS:
--- Who can read clause 12.4 in Russian?
Ventilation systems are systems air heating(except for air-thermal ventilation curtains) + air conditioning systems or
Ventilation systems are only air heating systems (except for air-heating curtains for ventilation and air conditioning). - unclear?
And in any case, whatever one may say, but this SNiP is only about air heating and air conditioning system. It turns out that general ventilation is not included in the concept of "ventilation systems" and is not subject to blocking with remote control ???
--- and the question on clause 12.5 "Premises with APS should be equipped with remote devices located outside the premises they serve" - ​​??? what kind of devices are such ??? Probably to turn off ventilation systems ???. Again, we need to speculate about the norm-motvors !!! Would kill nafig !!!

PPBO 157-90 Rules fire safety in the timber industry
3.1.4.10. In the event of a fire, the ventilation must be turned off immediately, with the exception of installations designed to supply air to the vestibule locks of premises of production categories A and B, as well as ventilation installations serving the hardening chambers in the production of fiberboards.

PB 03-595-03 Safety Rules for Ammonia Refrigeration Units
7.11. ... ... ... ... When a fire signal arrives, both supply and exhaust fans working for these premises.

PPBO-103-79 (VNE 5-79)
p. 10.3.14. "In the event of a fire in the production room for the placement of ventilation equipment in the absence of remote centralized shutdown devices, it is necessary to immediately turn off the fans of the supply and exhaust units connected directly or through blowers with a burning room ... "
10.5.5. In the event of a fire or fire in a room with emergency ventilation, in order to prevent the spread of the fire, turn off the operating emergency ventilation fans.
In workshops of a large area, where the shutdown of emergency ventilation can be associated with gas contamination of the escape routes or with an explosion in the room, the procedure for shutting down emergency ventilation should be coordinated with the plan for evacuating people in the event of a fire.
There is another misunderstanding here.
Where did the fire start ????
- in the production room for the placement of ventilation equipment (i.e. in the ventilation room)? or
--- in a burning room (i.e. in any protected room on the site)?
Who can read Russian? I would kill again ...

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS: (taking into account does not apply to....)
1. According to GOST 12.4.009 - only in rooms WHERE A FIRE HAS EMERGED !!!, ventilation and air conditioning systems must be automatically turned off. Only in the premises ... - how is this to be done? Although these are the problems of electricians and machine gunners.
2. According to TRoTPB, SP7 and SNIP 41-01 - general ventilation stops only in a block with smoke control ventilation. If there is no anti-smoke ventilation at the facility, then the general exchange ventilation should be stopped in accordance with GOST 12.4.009.
3. How and what to stop - everything is decided by the designer with subcontractors and the customer in the design assignment.
4. For industrial premises at industrial enterprises - read additionally special standards (PPBO-103-79, PPBO 157-90, PB 03-595-03 and others that do not contradict TRoTPB and GOSTs).

Air and heat curtains

I made a project for the automation of fairly simple single-phase air curtains equipped with a single-phase electric heater with a power of 5 kW and having a built-in thermostat. The curtains were supposed to be placed in the checkpoint at the entrance and exit from the premises. It was supposed to automate the control in accordance with SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", turn on the curtain by the door opening sensor and turn it off when the temperature reaches the set value by a common thermostat, and an adjustable run of the curtain. In accordance with SNIP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning", the air curtain should be blocked when the doors are opened. Automatic shutdown of the curtain should be provided after the doors and restoration of the normalized room temperature. Thus, for open door(the state of the doors is monitored by magnetic contact sensors) thermal curtain will be switched on, the air curtain will work until the room temperature is restored to the standard value (set on the thermostat). On the TS thermostat pos. 1, the temperature control range should be limited using the limiters located under the thermostat cover. Terminals X1-X2 have been provided for centralized control. If necessary, install a jumper (make from wire PV3). On the time relay KT1, KT2 set the function "time delay when the control impulse is switched off with instantaneous closing of the output -" e ". Set the minimum operation time of the air curtain on the time relay, to exclude frequent switching on and off of the air curtains, 30-180 seconds. For air curtains, it is recommended to set the temperature limiting the switching on of the air curtain.

At the last moment, the decision was abandoned, because the customer chose more expensive air curtains with an adjustable air flow direction, where similar automation was implemented as an additional equipment.

AIR CURTAINS from SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"

Clause 7.7.1 Air and air-thermal curtains should include:
a) at constantly open openings in the outer walls of the premises, as well as at gates and openings in the outer walls that do not have vestibules and open more than five times or for at least 40 minutes per shift, in areas with an estimated outside air temperature of minus 15 ° С and below (parameters B);
b) at the outer doors of the lobbies of public and administrative buildings - depending on the design temperature, ° С, outside air (parameters B) and the number of people passing through the doors within 1 hour:
from minus 15 to minus 25 - 400 people and more;
"" 26 "" 40 - 250 people and more;
below minus 40 - 100 people and more;
c) upon justification - at the outer doors of buildings, if the lobby is adjacent to rooms without a vestibule, equipped with air conditioning systems;
d) at external doors, gates and openings of premises with a wet mode;
e) when justified - at openings in interior walls and partitions of industrial premises to prevent air flow from one room to another;
f) when justified - at gates, doors and openings of air-conditioned rooms or according to a design assignment, or according to special technological requirements.
The heat supplied by intermittent air curtains should not be taken into account in the air and heat balance of the building.
7.7.2 Air and air-thermal curtains at external openings, gates and doors should be calculated taking into account the wind pressure. The air flow should be determined by taking the outside air temperature and wind speed at parameters B, but not more than 5 m / s. If the wind speed at parameters B is less than at parameters A, then the air heaters should be checked for parameters A.
8 - at the outer doors;
25 - at the gates and technological openings.
7.7.3 The design temperature, ° С, of the mixture of air entering the room through external doors, gates and openings should be taken at least:
12 - for industrial premises with light work and work of medium severity and for lobbies of public and administrative buildings;
5 - for industrial premises with heavy work and the absence of permanent jobs at a distance of 6 m or less from doors, gates and openings.

POWER SUPPLY AND AUTOMATION OF HEAT CURTAINS from SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"

12.1 Electrical installations of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and smoke control ventilation systems must meet the requirements of the rules for electrical installations (PUE) and state standards for electrical installations of buildings, taking into account the requirements of this section.
12.2 Electrical receivers of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems should be provided for the same category that is installed for electrical receivers of technological or engineering equipment of a building.
The power supply of emergency ventilation and smoke protection systems, except for systems for removing gases and smoke after a fire (8.12), should be provided for the first category. Systems for the removal of gases and smoke after a fire may be designed in the first category according to the design assignment. If it is impossible, due to local conditions, to power the first category electrical consumers from two independent sources, it is allowed to supply them from one source from different transformers of a two-transformer substation or from two nearby one-transformer substations. In this case, substations must be connected to different supply lines laid along different routes, and have automatic transfer switches, as a rule, on the low voltage side.
For supply ventilation systems, the power supply to the frost protection control circuits should be carried out according to the first category. It is allowed to perform power supply according to the second category when organizing separate power supply for the fan electric drive and the automation panel of the supply system.
Thermal and maximum protection should not be provided in the control circuits of electrical consumers.
12.3 In buildings and premises equipped with smoke ventilation systems, an automatic fire alarm should be provided.
In rooms equipped with an automatic water (foam) fire extinguishing system, the smoke exhaust zones must coincide with the sprinkler fire extinguishing zones.
12.4 For buildings and premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations or automatic fire alarms, it is necessary to provide for automatic blocking of electrical receivers of air heating systems, except for air-thermal curtains of ventilation, air conditioning (hereinafter - ventilation systems), with electrical receivers of smoke protection systems for:
a) shutdowns in case of fire of ventilation systems, except for the air supply systems to the vestibule-sluices of rooms of categories A and B, as well as to the engine rooms of elevators of buildings of categories A and B. Shutdown can be carried out:
- centrally cut off the power supply to the distribution boards of the ventilation systems;
- individually for each system.
When using equipment and automation equipment supplied with the equipment of ventilation systems, the supply systems should be disconnected in the event of a fire individually for each system, while maintaining the power supply of the anti-freeze protection circuits. If it is impossible to maintain the power supply of the anti-freeze circuits, it is allowed to disconnect the systems by giving signals from the system. fire alarm in the chain remote control system.
When organizing a shutdown in the event of a fire using an automatic machine with a shunt release, the signal transmission line for shutdown must be checked;
b) switching on in case of fire systems (except for the systems specified in 8.12) emergency smoke protection;
c) opening the fire and smoke dampers in the room or smoke zone in which the fire occurred, or in the corridor on the fire floor and closing the fire dampers.
Smoke and fire dampers, smoke hatches, transoms (sash) and other opening devices of mines, lanterns and windows intended for smoke protection must have automatic, remote and manual (in the place of installation) control.
For buildings in which dispatching of engineering equipment is envisaged, as well as when placing a large number valves in hard-to-reach places smoke and fire dampers with automatic, remote and manual control should be used.
Notes (edit)
1 The need for partial or complete shutdown of ventilation systems, closure of fire and fire and smoke dampers - according to the design assignment.
2 For rooms with only a manual fire alarm system, remote shutdown of ventilation systems serving these rooms and the activation of smoke protection systems should be provided.

Disconnection of ventilation systems and activation of smoke protection systems can be performed from the signals of manual call points of the fire alarm system installed on the escape routes.
If there is a need to turn on fire pumps from buttons at fire hydrants, it is allowed to use this signal to turn off ventilation systems and turn on smoke protection systems.
12.5 Premises with automatic fire alarms should be equipped with remote devices located outside the premises they serve.
If there are requirements for the simultaneous shutdown of all ventilation systems in rooms of categories A and B, remote devices should be provided outside the building.
For rooms of categories B1-B4, it is allowed to provide for remote shutdown of ventilation systems for individual zones with an area of ​​at least 3000 m2.
12.6 For the equipment of metal pipelines and air ducts for heating and ventilation systems of rooms of categories A and B, as well as for local suction systems that remove explosive mixtures, grounding should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the PUE.
12.7 The level of automation and control of systems should be selected depending on technological requirements, economic feasibility and design assignment.
12.8 The parameters of the coolant (coolant) and air must be controlled in the following systems:
a) internal heat supply - the temperature and pressure of the coolant in the common supply and return pipelines in the room for supply ventilation equipment; temperature and pressure - at the outlet of heat exchangers;
b) heating with local heating devices- air temperature in control rooms (at the request of the technological part of the project);
c) air heating and supply ventilation - temperature supply air and air temperature in the control room (at the request of the technological part of the project);
d) air spraying - the temperature of the supplied air;
e) air conditioning - the temperature of the outdoor, recirculating, supply air after the irrigation chamber or surface air cooler and in the premises; relative humidity in rooms (when it is regulated);
f) cold supply - the temperature of the refrigerant before and after each heat exchange or mixing device, the pressure of the refrigerant in the common pipeline;
g) ventilation and air conditioning with filters, static pressure chambers, heat recovery units - air pressure and differential pressure (upon request technical conditions equipment or operating conditions).
12.9 Remote control devices should be provided for measuring basic parameters; to measure the remaining parameters, local devices (portable or stationary) should be provided.
For several systems, the equipment of which is located in the same room, as a rule, one general appliance for measuring temperature and pressure in the supply pipeline and individual devices on the return pipelines of equipment.
When using controllers with analog sensors, it is allowed not to install visual observation instrumentation.
12.10 Signaling of equipment operation ("On", "Emergency") should be provided for the systems:
a) ventilation of premises without natural ventilation of industrial, administrative and amenity and public buildings;
b) local suction removing hazardous substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes or explosive mixtures;
c) general exchange exhaust ventilation premises of categories A and B;
d) exhaust ventilation of the premises of warehouses of categories A and B, in which the deviation of the controlled parameters from the norm can lead to an accident.
NOTE Requirements for rooms without natural ventilation do not apply to latrines, smoking rooms, dressing rooms and other similar rooms.
12.11 Remote control and registration of the main parameters in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems should be designed according to the technological requirements and according to the design assignment.
The amount of information transmitted from the local automation panel to control room(console), is determined according to the design assignment, taking into account the operating conditions of the systems.
12.12 Automatic regulation of parameters should be designed for systems:
a) heating performed in accordance with 6.2.3;
b) air heating and shower;
c) supply and exhaust ventilation, working with variable flow air, as well as with a variable mixture of outdoor and recirculated air;
d) supply ventilation (if justified);
e) conditioning;
f) cold supply;
g) local additional humidification of indoor air;
h) heating of floors of buildings in accordance with 6.1.5, with the exception of systems connected to district heating networks.
Note - For public, administrative and household and industrial buildings it should, as a rule, provide for programmed control of parameters, which ensures a decrease in heat consumption.
12.13 Sensors for monitoring and regulating air parameters should be placed at characteristic points in the serviced or working area of ​​the room in places where they are not influenced by heated or cooled surfaces and jets of supply air. It is allowed to place sensors in recirculation (or exhaust) air ducts if the air parameters in them do not differ from the parameters of the room air or differ by a constant value.
12.14 Automatic blocking should be provided for:
a) opening and closing the outside air dampers when the fans are turned on and off;
b) opening and closing the valves of ventilation systems connected by air ducts for full or partial interchangeability in the event of failure of one of the systems;
c) closing the fire dampers (8.12) on air ducts for rooms protected by gas or powder fire extinguishing installations when the fans of the ventilation systems of these rooms are turned off;
d) switching on backup equipment in case of failure of the main one according to the design assignment;
e) turning on and off the coolant supply when turning on and off air heaters and heating units;
f) activation of emergency ventilation systems in case of formation in the air working area premises with concentrations of hazardous substances exceeding the MPC or DAK, as well as concentrations of combustible substances in the air of the premises exceeding 10% of the NKPRP of a gas, steam, and dust-air mixture.
12.15 Automatic blocking of fans of local exhaust and general ventilation systems specified in 7.2.4 and 7.2.5, which do not have backup fans, with technological equipment should ensure that the equipment stops in case of fan failure, and if it is impossible to stop technological equipment- activation of the alarm.
12.16 For systems with variable outdoor or supply air flow, interlocking devices should be provided to ensure minimum consumption outside air.
12.17 For exhaust ventilation with air purification in wet dust collectors, an automatic blocking of the fan with a device for supplying water to the dust collectors should be provided, providing:
a) turning on the water supply when the fan is turned on;
b) stopping the fan when the water supply is cut off or the water level in the dust collector falls;
c) impossibility of turning on the fan in the absence of water or when the water level in the dust collector drops below the specified value.
12.18 Switching on the air curtain should be blocked with the opening of gates, doors and technological openings. Automatic shutdown of the curtain should be provided after closing the gates, doors or technological openings and restoring the normalized air temperature in the room, providing for a reduction in the flow rate of the coolant to a minimum, ensuring water non-freezing.
When using systems with electric air heaters, protection against overheating of air heaters should be provided.
12.19 Automatic protection against water freezing in air heaters should be provided in areas with a design outside air temperature for the cold season of minus 5 ° C and below (parameters B).
12.20 Dispatching systems should be designed for industrial, residential, public and administrative buildings in which dispatching is provided. technological processes or the work of engineering equipment.
12.21 The accuracy of maintaining meteorological conditions during air conditioning (if there are no special requirements) should be taken at the points of installation of sensors for systems:
a) the first and second classes - ± 1 ° C in temperature and ± 7% in relative humidity;
b) with local air conditioners-closers and mixers with individual direct-acting temperature regulators - ± 2 ° С.

Add my 5 kopecks to Little Ru

Dear Little Ru

On yours:
"State expertise, shutdown of air conditioning systems requires"

It is not Gods, not even angels, or computers that work there ...
People, people tend to be wrong.
For different reasons.
They do not possess deeply ALL the boundless sea of ​​information.
Rush.
Steriopite.

Himself a sinner, he worked in one of the examinations.
The project was given 30-20 minutes along with the writing of the conclusion.
Projects naturally were brought on a cart, volumes.
10-12 projects per day.
In terms of variety and complexity - Mom, do not worry, as they say.

At times, there is no time to get into the norm, its essence.

When, there to understand, the SYSTEM, not the SYSTEM ... it is better not to miss a mistake than to miss it.

The ISU came and defended it, if it was important to him.
The item was filmed, for this, of course, they did not stroke the head.
But there were very persistent and competent GUIs.

For information on the topic.
(From another branch).

Maybe it will help to work with a stupid expert.

Workshop materials
in FGU "Glavgosexpertza of Russia" on June 9, 2009 on the application of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements

For high-quality examination and detection of all violations technical requirements relevant to the object in question, high qualifications are required, which is acquired in the process of many years practical work with normative documents and project documentation. Therefore, the reliability of a beginner Expert Advisor is 0.16-0.2. The reliability of the expert's work increases to an acceptable level within 10-12 years.
This is due to the presence of a large volume of conceptually complex and interconnected regulatory requirements, the number of which exceeds 60,000. With the introduction of fire safety codes, while the number of regulatory documents decreases, the number of regulatory requirements increases and they become more complex. The enormous possibilities of a person's long-term memory are leveled out by the limited possibilities of working memory, which ensures professional activity in conditions of time pressure and information overload.
... The enormous possibilities of a person's long-term memory are leveled by the limited capabilities of working memory, which ensures professional activity in conditions of time pressure and information overload.

Interpretation of fire safety requirements

In accordance with the provisions of Art. 15, 18, 34, 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; Art. 1-3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Art. 4, 7 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" requirements for the protection of property are interpreted as requirements for the protection of someone else's property.
In the presence of regulatory collisions that cause irreparable doubts, fire safety requirements are interpreted in favor of the developer (customer).

1. Responsibility of experts
for poor quality expertise

Criminal liability occurs:
under article 169 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Obstruction of legal entrepreneurial activity», In cases where high-cost fire-fighting measures are included in the fire safety systems of objects aimed at protecting the developer's own property, causing him harm in the form of lost profits, and violating the requirements of Art. 7 part 2 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation";
under article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Negligence" in connection with Art. 217 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Violation of safety rules at explosive facilities" and 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Violation of fire safety rules", in cases of death of people or causing serious harm to their health in fires, in the presence of a causal relationship with specific violations of fire safety requirements.

Civil (property) liability arises in the presence of harm caused to the owner by the acquisition of an object in violation of fire safety requirements, admitted during the design, examination and construction of organizations performing these works.

Administrative responsibility of the heads of the examination bodies and their structural divisions under Article 3.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation "Disqualification" occurs based on the results of prosecutorial inspections of complaints and applications legal entities and citizens, in cases of incorrect qualification of violations of fire safety requirements during the examination of project documentation.

2. Legal basis
application of fire safety requirements

Article 15 of the Constitution Russian Federation
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation has supreme legal force, direct action and applies throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, Laws and other legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Article 18 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Human and civil rights and freedoms are directly applicable. They determine the meaning, content and application of laws, the activities of the legislative and executive authorities, local self-government and are provided with justice.

Article 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
1. Everyone has the right to freely use his abilities and property for entrepreneurial and other, not prohibited by law economic activity.

Article 54 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
1. A law establishing or aggravating liability has no retroactive effect.
2. No one can be held responsible for an act that at the time of its commission was not recognized as an offense. If, after committing an offense, liability for it is eliminated or mitigated, the new law shall apply.

Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
3. Human and civil rights and freedoms may be limited by federal law only to the extent necessary in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of others, to ensure the country's defense and state security.

Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
2. Civil rights may be limited on the basis of federal law and only to the extent necessary in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of others, to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state.

Article 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
1. Civil legislation regulates relations between persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity, or with their participation, on the basis that entrepreneurial activity is an independent activity carried out at its own risk.

Article 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
2. The norms of civil law contained in other laws must comply with this Code.

Articles 167, 168 and 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provide for criminal liability only for the destruction of someone else's property, as well as for violations of fire safety rules that resulted in the infliction of serious harm to human health or their death.

Article 14 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation
4. A conviction cannot be based on assumptions.

Article 1.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
4. Irremovable doubts about the guilt of a person brought to administrative responsibility shall be interpreted in favor of this person.

Article 3.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation
1. ... Administrative suspension of activities is applied by the court in the event of a threat to the life and health of people ... causing significant damage to the condition or quality the environment ….

Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation"
2. The requirements of technical regulations cannot serve as an obstacle to the implementation of entrepreneurial activity to a greater extent than is minimally necessary to achieve the goals specified in paragraph 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law. "

Article 6 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation"
1. Technical regulations are adopted in order to: protect the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property;
protection of the environment, life or health of animals and plants; prevention of actions misleading purchasers.
2. Adoption of technical regulations for other purposes is not allowed.

I will not give clear answers, I will just reflect on this topic ...
1) ALL (!) Freons(!) in contact with flames and hot surfaces (t> 400 ° C) can decompose with the formation of highly toxic products, in particular phosgene, as well as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids;
2) There is such a thing as thermal decomposition of freon, for example, R22 will thermally decompose when exposed through steel pipe within 1-5 seconds of temperature + 280C. It follows that after a fire, into the room where the indoor or outdoor units of the air conditioner are installed, or into the room through which the pipeline with freon passes, it is necessary to check whether the refrigerant has decomposed, or even better, replace it immediately, due to clause 3 ...
3) Almost all refrigeration oils have a decomposition temperature in the range from +140 to +200 C, refrigeration oils are completely soluble with the refrigerant, therefore, in fact, a refrigerant with a certain oil content circulates through the system. The high temperature will decompose the oil in a fire. Accordingly, it needs to be replaced.
4) Based on paragraphs. 2 and 3, it is impossible to operate the air conditioning system in case of a fire, since it is highly likely to fail.
5) Since the air conditioning system is sealed, then there is a strict relationship between pressure and temperature in it, the higher the temperature, the higher the pressure, if there is no safety valve, then in the event of a fire at the installation site of the outdoor unit (the receiver and the condenser in which they contain the main amount of the refrigerant charged into the system), the vessel or apparatus will rupture, respectively. The gap indoor unit or piping are unlikely, but possible (for example, due to poor quality soldered joints).
6) The temperature in the room + 40- + 42 C is not a reason to turn off the air conditioning system (for many countries this is a normal temperature outside, not just inside the room).

In general, on the topic of automatic shutdown at a temperature of + 42C -
In good ventilation equipment with built it is necessarily sewn up by the automation system. For example, the Swedish SWEGON. There, the reason for this temperature (+ 42C) is exactly the same as I said above. That is, the lubrication of the fan motor bearing is not designed for high-temperature operation. Therefore, in order not to damage the bearing (and the engine), the automation monitors the temperature of the exhaust air (drawn from the room).

To be honest, I'm embarrassed by the temperature limit of 40 degrees ... I have a lot of capacitors on the street, under the straight lines sunbeams they warm up much higher than +40 C, probably the reason is not this ... All normal and high-quality fan motors (we do not take China) have built-in thermal protection, respectively, it is configured at the factory (the manufacturer of fans, not air conditioners) and in case of problems with the temperature should turn off the engine ... Something is wrong, after all, with protection at +40 C ...

which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire Greetings to all regular readers of our site and colleagues in the shop! The topic and purpose of our article today is to clarify with a link to a specific normative document an important question is which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire. Many have heard that ventilation is turned off in case of fire, and the hood turns on so that the smoke goes away, and they ask - why is the exhaust ventilation turned off? She should remove the smoke, right? Therefore, many ordinary people do not understand and do not turn off anything at all until the firefighters fined and explain. So, in order to avoid the fine and clarifications after the fact, after the fine, let's discuss this issue now, on the shore. So, in a certain room there is an installed automatic fire alarm system and this alarm went off, generated a "Fire" signal. Accordingly, the warning system (SOUE) turned on - the sirens rang out and the “Exit” signs blinked. In the same room there is a forced general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation. What should happen to them? We read the appendix to FZ-123 - a set of rules SP7.13130-2013, paragraph 6.24: 6.24. For buildings and premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations and (or) automatic fire alarms, it is necessary to provide for automatic shutdown in case of fire of the general ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems (hereinafter - ventilation systems), as well as the closure of fire protection systems. open valves... Disconnection of ventilation systems and closing of fire-prevention normally open valves should be carried out according to signals generated by automatic fire-extinguishing installations and (or) automatic fire alarms, as well as when smoke ventilation systems are turned on in accordance with paragraph 7.19. The need for partial or complete shutdown of ventilation systems and closure of fire dampers should be determined in accordance with technological requirements. The requirements of paragraph 6.24 do not apply to the air supply systems in the vestibules of the rooms of categories A and B. It seems like it is written quite accurately and specifically - the engines of the general ventilation systems themselves must be turned off, and the fire-retarding valves must be closed in order to cut off the compartment of the building, in where there was a fire from other compartments and prevent the spread of fire factors by ventilation ducts... If this is not done, then the communications of the stopped ventilation systems, which, like a spider web, interconnect the premises of the building will turn into chimneys, through which smoke will pour into rooms in which there were no fires, and accordingly this very smoke will complicate the evacuation of people from all rooms of the building. Now let's clarify the reason why it is impossible to turn off the air supply systems to the vestibule locks of rooms of category A and B (see above the text of the standard). A tambour-sluice with air intake separates the rooms of category A and B from other rooms of the building. The air flow plays an important role - it is he who creates overpressure in a vestibule and does not allow an explosive atmosphere to enter from rooms of category A and B into other rooms of the building. Therefore, if you turn it off, there will be a danger of an explosion not only in the room of category A or B itself, but also in neighboring rooms, which is not permissible. Taking into account the above, this point is taken into account by the norm. Now, a moment about removing the smoke. Yes, indeed, there is a list of rooms in the building from which smoke must be removed, in accordance with the requirements of existing standards. These premises are described in the above-mentioned SP7.13130-2013, section 7, clause 7.2 .: 7.2. Removal of combustion products in case of fire by systems of exhaust smoke ventilation should provide for: a) from corridors and halls of residential, public, administrative and multi-functional buildings with a height of more than 28 m; b) from the corridors and pedestrian tunnels of the basement and basement floors residential, public, administrative, industrial and multifunctional buildings at exits to these corridors (tunnels) from premises with constant presence of people; c) from corridors without natural ventilation in case of fire more than 15 m long in buildings with two or more floors: - production and warehouse categories A, B, C; - public and administrative; - multifunctional; d) from common corridors and halls of buildings for various purposes with smoke-free staircases; e) from atriums and passages; f) from each production or warehouse space with permanent jobs (and for high-rise storage rooms - regardless of the presence of permanent jobs), if these premises are classified as categories A, B, B1, B2, B3 in buildings of I-IV degrees fire resistance, as well as B4, G or D in buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance; g) from each room on floors communicating with smoke-free staircases, or from each room without natural ventilation in the event of a fire: - an area of ​​50 m2 or more with permanent or temporary presence of people (except for emergencies) more than one person per 1 m2 of the area of ​​the room not occupied by equipment and interior items (halls and foyers of theaters, cinemas, meeting rooms, conferences, lecture halls, restaurants, lobbies, cash halls, production rooms, etc.); - sales areas of shops; - offices; - an area of ​​50 m2 or more with permanent workplaces intended for the storage or use of combustible substances and materials, including reading rooms and book depositories of libraries, exhibition halls, fund depositories and restoration workshops of museums and exhibition complexes, archives; - dressing rooms with an area of ​​200 m2 and more; - road, cable, switching with oil pipelines and technological tunnels, built-in and attached and communicating with the underground floors of buildings for various purposes; h) storage rooms for cars of closed above-ground and underground parking lots, separately located, built-in or attached to buildings for other purposes (with parking both with and without the participation of drivers - using automated devices), as well as from isolated ramps of these parking lots. It is allowed to design the removal of combustion products through an adjoining corridor from rooms with an area of ​​up to 200 m2: production categories B1, B2, B3, as well as those intended for the storage or use of combustible substances and materials. For sales areas and office premises with an area of ​​no more than 800 m2 with a distance from the most remote part of the premises to the nearest emergency exit no more than 25 m, the removal of combustion products may be provided through adjoining corridors, halls, recreation, atriums and passages. If there are premises at the facility described in the above paragraph, then smoke should be removed from these premises and for this purpose it is necessary to install a smoke ventilation system (otherwise, a smoke exhaust system). Now, to make it clear, I will explain how the smoke removal system differs from the conventional exhaust ventilation system and why the general exchange hood is turned off from the "Fire" signal of the fire alarm system, and the smoke removal, on the contrary, is turned on. The whole point is as follows. Four points in general ventilation: 1. The general ventilation ducts are "stretched" across all rooms of the building and are connected in a certain exhaust shaft; 2. In the air ducts of general ventilation, air ducts of non-standardized metal thicknesses are often used, as well as flexible elements, perhaps not even metal, but made of polymer and other combustible materials; 3. The performance of the exhaust systems is not standardized and may not be able to cope with the current of smoke and for this reason, in part, the smoke can get into other rooms united in a common ventilation system; 4.Heights of emissions of the exhaust system of general exchange ventilation are not standardized, they are met as necessary and there is a possibility negative consequences, due to the removal of smoke by such a system And now, the same moments, but in relation to the smoke exhaust system: 1. The air ducts of the smoke exhaust system serve only a certain room from which it is necessary to remove smoke. If, due to technical necessity, the air ducts pass through other rooms in transit, then a fire-retardant coating is applied to the surface of the air duct ( flame retardant or special fire retardant coating or structural protection); 2.The thicknesses of the air ducts of smoke exhaust systems are clearly regulated, flexible inserts excluded from combustible materials; 3. The performance of smoke exhaust systems is calculated in accordance with guidelines for the volume of a particular room; 4. The height of the exhaust system of the smoke exhaust system is strictly regulated by standards. For the above reasons, general ventilation systems cannot be used to remove fumes. Now, the question of supply ventilation, which is activated by the "Fire" signal of the fire alarm. If we are installing a smoke exhaust system for any of the premises from the list above, we must understand that it is impossible to infinitely suck out the smoky air from the room, since a vacuum will be created and this very vacuum must be compensated for by the influx of air from the outside. For this, the standard provides for the need to organize a compensatory air flow into the premises from which smoke removal is performed. We give item SP7.13130-2013, p. 8.8 .: 8.8. To compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from rooms protected by exhaust smoke ventilation systems, supply smoke ventilation systems with natural or mechanical induction must be provided. For the natural flow of air into the protected premises, openings in external fences or shafts with valves equipped with automatically and remotely controlled drives can be made. The openings should be at the bottom of the protected premises. Valve hinges should be equipped with means to prevent freezing during the cold season. For compensating outside air flow into lower part atriums or passages, doorways of external emergency exits can be used. Doors of such exits should be equipped with automatically and remotely controlled forced opening drives. Also forced ventilation in the event of a fire (air pressure), it is provided for the purpose of organizing excess pressure that prevents the spread of smoke to other rooms (floors) and to the evacuation routes of the building. In this case, the air supply is organized into the premises, in accordance with SP7.13130-2013, clause 7.14 .: 7.14. The supply of outdoor air in case of a fire by systems of supply smoke ventilation should be provided for: a) into the elevator shafts (in the absence of vestibules at the exits from them, protected by supply smoke ventilation) installed in buildings with smoke-free staircases; b) in elevator shafts with the mode of "transportation of fire departments" regardless of the purpose, height of the above-ground and depth of the underground part of buildings and the presence of smoke-free stairwells- providing for separate systems in accordance with GOST R 53296; c) in smoke-free staircases of the H2 type; d) in the vestibule-sluices with non-smoky staircases of the H3 type; e) in the vestibule-locks, pair-sequentially located at the exits from the elevators to the storage rooms for cars in underground parking lots; f) in the vestibule locks with internal open stairs of the 2nd type, leading to the premises of the first floor from the basement, in the premises of which combustible substances and materials are used or stored, from the basement with corridors without natural ventilation, as well as from the basement or underground floors. In smelting, foundry, rolling and other hot shops, it is allowed to supply air taken from the aerated spans of the building to the vestibule locks; g) in the vestibule locks at the entrances to the atriums and passages from the levels of the underground, basement and basement floors; i) in the vestibule-sluices with smoke-free staircases of the H2 type in high-rise multifunctional buildings and complexes, in residential buildings with a height of more than 75 m, in public buildings more than 50 m high; j) in the lower parts of atriums, passages and other rooms protected by exhaust smoke ventilation systems - to compensate for the volumes of combustion products removed from them; k) in the vestibule locks separating the storage rooms for cars in closed overground and underground parking lots from premises for other purposes; m) into the vestibule-sluices separating the storage rooms from the isolated ramps of underground parking lots, or - into the nozzle apparatuses air curtains installed above the gates of isolated ramps on the side of the storage rooms for underground parking lots (as protection options equivalent in terms of technical efficiency); m) into the vestibule-sluices at the exits to the lobbies from non-smoke-free staircases of the H2 type, communicating with the above-ground floors of buildings for various purposes; o) in the vestibule locks (elevator halls) at the exits from the elevators to the basement, basement, underground floors of buildings for various purposes; p) in the premises of safe areas. It is allowed to provide for the supply of external air to create excess pressure in common corridors premises from which combustion products are directly removed, as well as in corridors connected with recreations, other corridors, halls, atriums protected by exhaust smoke ventilation systems. For reasons similar to the impossibility of using exhaust general exchange systems to remove smoke, supply general exchange systems also cannot be used to organize air pressures or compensation pressures in case of a fire. There are specific requirements for air pressurization systems in case of fire, set out in SP7.13130-2013, p. 7.17. There is also a methodology for calculating the parameters of air pressurization systems for specific rooms, which must be accurately followed. In general, it should be noted that the listed fire protection systems smoke exhaust and backpressure must be designed and installed with sufficient accurate calculation, since the "discrepancy" of systems performance should not exceed 15%, in accordance with the normatively defined calculation. By the way, the magnitude of the excess pressure on the evacuation door also depends on the accuracy of the calculation, since if this pressure is large enough, then due to the created vacuum, people during the evacuation process simply cannot open the evacuation door and escape to a safe zone. This point is also described in SP7.13130-2013, p. 7.16, "B": b) excess air pressure of at least 20 Pa and no more than 150 Pa in elevator shafts, in smoke-free staircases of the H2 type, in vestibules with floor-to-floor entrances of smoke-free staircases of type H2 or type H3, in vestibules at the entrances to atriums and passages from the levels of basement and basement floors relative to adjacent premises (corridors, halls), as well as in vestibules that separate rooms for storing cars from isolated ramps underground parking lots and from premises for other purposes, in elevator halls of underground and basement floors, in common corridors of premises from which combustion products are directly removed, and in premises of safe zones; Well, for completeness of understanding the topic, I suggest you carefully read the proposed algorithm for turning off and on ventilation systems, according to SP7.13130-2013, p. 7.20 .: 7.20. The control of the executive elements of the smoke ventilation equipment should be carried out automatically (from an automatic fire alarm or automatic installations fire extinguishing) and remote (from the control panel of the duty shift of the dispatching personnel and from the buttons installed at the emergency exits from the floors or in fire cabinets) modes. The controlled joint action of the systems is regulated depending on the real fire hazardous situations, determined by the place of fire in the building - the location of the burning room on any of its floors. The predetermined sequence of the systems should ensure the early activation of the exhaust smoke ventilation from 20 to 30 s relative to the start of the supply smoke ventilation. In all variants, shutdown of general ventilation and air conditioning systems is required taking into account provisions (1). The required combination of jointly operating systems and their total installed power, the maximum value of which must correspond to one of such combinations, should be determined depending on the smoke ventilation control algorithm, which is subject to mandatory development when calculating in accordance with paragraph 7.18. This concludes the article "which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire", I hope the topic is disclosed in full and in detail, all the necessary links are provided and questions arise, those who carefully read the article should not. The publication of the article "which ventilation should be turned off in case of fire" in various Internet resources and the media is allowed only with the preservation of all the links listed below to our website. Read other publications on our website using the links.