Telemechanics in the energy supply of industrial enterprises - mposhem and electrical equipment of dispatching shields and consoles. Automated system of dispatching power supply control of JSC "UK TMK" with the help of mposhem how to write technical assignment

TREY GMBH LLC, Penza

The article discusses the automated system of dispatching control of electricity distribution processes in the electrical network at the JSC "UK TMK" using MEMOSKHEM. The structure of the system and basic technical solutions is presented in detail.

Energy is one of the strategically important industries, the basis of the economic independence and security of the country. Today, energy is on the threshold of transformations. In this regard, the effective management of energy facilities and energy distribution is of great importance. Improving the efficiency of generating capacity, as well as the establishment of optimal distribution modes are of great importance and allow to reduce the cost of energy, as well as get the maximum product sales. In such a situation, one of the priority directions for improving the management of energy management modes is to build modern automated production management systems (ACS TP). Many enterprises are introduced systems that allow you to quickly manage energy facilities.

Currently developed in Kazakhstan (Ust-Kamenogorsk) AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF THE POWER OF POWER OF POWERAGRATION JSC "UK TMK" JSC with the help of mposhem (abbreviated name ASDUE) is a similar system of effective management.

The electrical supply control system developed in order to increase the efficiency of controlling electricity distribution processes in the electrical network, reducing the time to restore the power supply of consumers of the plant after emergency disabilities, increasing the productivity of operational personnel in planned work and provides:

Reflection of the actual position of oil and vacuum switches of the energy supply system of the plant at the mnemoshem and AWP of the dispatcher;

Virtual control of disconnectors, load switches, separators, short-circuiters on the mnemonic and arm dispatcher with time fixation and the basis of their switching;

Management of earthing symbols of lines and electrical equipment at the mnemonic and AWP dispatcher with the fixation of time and the basis of their switching;

Control of current consumed on introductory cells and exhaust lines to the AWP dispatcher;

Remote control of oil and vacuum switches on the facilities of the plant with the AWP dispatcher;

Warning and emergency alarm with objects: generalized, AVR response, APF, display of electric protection;

Displays information about the emergency disconnection of the switch to the AWP dispatcher;

Safety during the month of all events in the mnemonic and fixation time with the possibility of printing;

Recording and safety during the month of operational telephone negotiations of the dispatcher for each line with time fixation and with the possibility of printing;

Visualization of the circuit of the electricity network of the plant and the main controlled parameters on the multi-stage collective use.

Fig. 1. Three-level ASDUE system

System structure

The electric network of the plant is a territorially distributed structure consisting of stations and substations with electrical equipment installed in the premises, as well as on open distribution devices. The basis of the construction of ASDUE is based on the principle of constructing a logical part based on programmable logic, that is, a programmable controller Trei-5B-02 is used to implement the controller, measurement and control. The programmed logic of the algorithm is implemented by polling the actual state of input signals, comparing the values \u200b\u200bof these parameters with the program specified in the program and confirmation of the actions by the dispensing of the control output signals.

According to its architecture, ASDUE is a three-level distributed computing system with separation according to the functions performed (Fig. 1).

The first level of the hierarchy is the means of measuring instruments installed directly on local objects of the electric network of the plant, which are included in the structure of this project.

The second level of the hierarchy form controllers. For this level, the geographical and functional distribution of hardware is characteristic.

The third level is the ODS level (operational dispatch service, automated dispatcher workplaces, operational and management personnel). It is based on client-server technologies.

Fig. 2. Complex of technical means

Composition of the system

In accordance with the appointment of ASDUE in its composition contains:

Information and control system of the electrical network of the plant;

Mnemoshem collective use of the Electric Synopation Planning Manager.

The main tasks that are set in front of the ASDUE system are the control of the actual position of oil and vacuum switches of VM (426 points), monitoring the operation of protection devices, control of the current consumed, control of electrical apparatus symbols in the monemem. Ensuring the required reliability of the system functioning (reservation of master modules, the ability to transition from remote control to the local). The ability to replace the controller modules without stopping the system. Software and hardware diagnostics of the controller and input signals. Building the functionality of the system with the lowest costs by applying a single series of controllers. Displays the actual operational and archival information on a general mnemoshem, the mphyms of local objects, real-time trends and the trends of history, printed reports. The proposed technical solutions ensure the integration of asdu as an integral part into the general network of the plant.

ASDUE is a set of control cabinets and auxiliary equipment, namely:

Cabinets with microprocessor controllers are designed to collect and process information from the structural elements of the electricity network of the plant and remote control of switching electrical equipment (VM) from the automated workplace (ARMS) of the dispatcher;

Cabinets with communication devices with objects (USO) are a physical and logical continuation of microprocessor controller cabinets with the implementation of similar control functions, measurements and control;

Cabinets with power relays and current converters are designed to connect to high-voltage cells in order to ensure control of cellular circuit breakers from microprocessor controllers and USOs, as well as issuing measured currents to controllers;

The cabinet of the local LAN server is designed to collect information from systemic microprocessor controllers and the subsequent provision of information about the status, the control of control influences and malfunction of the technological equipment of the plant's electric network at the mnemonichem and AWP dispatcher. The local server is connected to the general computer network of the plant to view the technological information on remote computers and save the archive database with a depth of 1 year on the general community server.

The Local Server cabinet includes systems:

Automatic digital recording of audio information "Sprut-7A-7", which allows you to record audio information from analog-to-digital communication channels and registration of incoming (AUT function) and outgoing numbers, dates, time and duration of the communication session;

The controller of the display system of the PLI video transmission 8-16, generates a polycript image for it and manages the operation of the entire display system equipment complex.

The video information display based on the four SYNELEC C50X-BB-SL video devices with a diagonal 50 '' is intended for visualization (display) of the actual configuration of the electric network of the plant, operational information in real time, namely:

Current consumption by the main consumers of the plant;

The state of the switching devices of the electrical network;

Displaying the process of performing operational switching by operational personnel (dispatcher, duty);

Displays emergencies arising in the electrical network;

Control of output to repair, and the preparation of equipment for repair;

Control of stationary and portable grounds.

The top-level software is implemented: ifix plus SCADA Pack Server Version 3.0 (the number of points is not limited), ifix Standard HMI Pack Runtime Version 3.0 (number of points is unlimited), IFIX IClient Runtime Version 3.0, OPC Nautsilus Server (USB). On the video associator controller installed on Windows 2000, SP3, on the Windows Server 2000 server, on the Windows XP Pro, SP2 automated workplaces.

Basic technical solutions

Enlarged scheme of a complex of technical means

As mentioned, ASDUE is a three-level distributed system. The second level of asdu provides functions: automated control of the actuators of oil switches of VM; The primary processing and normalization of signals from the measuring transformers of the current, it is based on the Trei-5B-02 controllers of the company Trei GmbH, Penza, License No. 19-02. The top level implements the functions of the human and machine interface and is based on GENERAL ELECTRIC software products. In fig. 2 shows an enlarged scheme of a complex of technical means ACDUE. As can be seen from the scheme, the control system has a distributed structure and consists of:

Memion of collective use of the Electric Synopation Planning Manager;

Local server;

Dispatcher stations and engineering (AWP 1 and 2);

System controllers Shk1-Shkn .., included in their composition of remote USS and cabinets with power relays and current converters. The connection between controllers is carried out by Ethernet 100 MB / s, which provides high exchange rate to obtain the necessary information.

The main controller and SCADA IFIX Plus Pack Server are communicated by the Ethernet technology network 100 MB. Stable work of the teams of collective use, the local server and operator stations is provided by uninterruptible power sources installed in the operator.

The main controller of SC0 is responsible for contacting the local server and control over the equipment of the electric network of the plant through the surveyed system controllers of the SC and the remote USDs included in their composition. The received data The main controller transmits to display on SCADA, and also through it supervisor management of system controllers (changing settings, modes of operation, priorities). To improve the reliability of ACDUE, and prevent the loss of local network objects with the main controller, the processor part and power supplies are applied. This configuration will increase the system's vitality. Structural diagram shown in Fig. 2, gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe distribution of technical means at the facilities of the electric network of the plant. In this case, the use of the RS-485 protocol (STBUS) and Ethernet makes it possible to increase the system and save due to cable products when connecting remote objects. The server performs the functions of the collection, storage, archiving and issuing operational data. The operator station provides remote (supervisor) control of switching electrical devices VM. The SCADA IFIX selection facilitates the integration of the TP ACS under construction with existing automation means. If necessary, it is possible to transmit technological data to the general community server. Storage of technological settings is carried out in the non-volatile memory of the controller, which allows you to maintain the system's performance when the local server fails or the absence of communication.

This system configuration allows you to: reduce the recovery time of the system's performance due to modularity (modules-mezzonines) and the rapid replacement of its elements. Replacing a separate failed module or a measuring instrument can be carried out without stopping the system; Provide good reliability indicators by reserving and duplicating the most significant system components. In particular, when one of the master modules fails, or when the connection is lost, the transition to the backup will be carried out.

Short description

technical components

Microprocessor

controller

The TREI-5B-02 device is intended for local and distributed automatic control systems and technological management systems at industrial enterprises with normal and explosive production.

The product has a certificate about the approval of the type of measuring instruments No. 2641 (Kazakhstan No. 1503), TUV certificate, release permission and application No. 507-EV-1I1, the manufacturer has a certificate of compliance with the Quality Management System ISO 9001 №NC RU. IS50.K00019. The serial interface based on the RS-485 and the wide range of I / O modules allow you to create distributed, multi-level and multifunctional systems. The Single Communication Protocol ST-BUS simplifies programming and collecting information from I / O channels. All input and output structures are unified. The processor part of the controller is a PC compatible computer with a necessary set of external devices. QNX Real Time Operating System and Isagraf Development Wednesday. The basis of the design of the TREI-5B-02 controller is adopted by the format "3 U Euromage". The case has an open or closed execution, if necessary with a DIN rail mount. Modules with a size of printed circuit boards 100x160 mm have on the front panel light indication and a 48-pin connector from behind for connecting power, serial interface and I / O channels. The basic controller interface is the ST-BUS serial interface based on the RS485, which allows you to create a distributed system of the length of the physical line without repeaters up to 1200 m. Maximum interface speed up to 1.25 mbod. I / O modules have their own PIC processor, can work autonomously. Collecting information on the STI-BUS communication protocol from I / O modules is performed by the M701E master module or an industrial computer with the RS485 serial interface. The nomenclature of I / O modules allows you to create multi-channel and multifunction systems. The universal module, equipped with the Maison-modules of the Trei-5 series, has a complete set of connected devices. Multichannel single-type discrete and analog input / output modules, pulse inputs provide up to 4000 channels per master module.

The master module performs the main computing functions of the controller.

In its composition it contains:

Basic Master Module Board;

Processor module with Pentium processor;

Ethernet communication adapter fee 10/100;

Galvanically unleashed ports RS485;

ST BUS bus controller;

Non-volatile static RAM;

Flash drive;

IR port;

Watchtower.

The following I / O modules are installed in the chassis (all input / output modules of general industrial execution):

The Ion M732U module is a universal 8-channel I / O module.

The specific type of channel is set by the mesonin installed. Mesonin is a primary signal conversion unit mounted on the module. Maisonents of the Idig-24VDC type, used to connect discrete signals 24VDC, and the IANS 0-20 mA mesonins to connect the input analog signals 0-20 mA;

M754D modules - 32 input discrete channel 24VDC;

M754O modules - 32 output discrete channel 24VDC;

M743D modules - 16 input discrete channel 24VDC;

M743O modules - 16 output discrete channel 24VDC.

All channels are isolated. In addition to the I / O modules and the master module in the chassis, the P701 A power module is installed, with a power of 40 W and providing the power of the controller elements. For the Mesonines analog input, the main above error does not exceed 0.025%. For the Maisonings of the analog output, the main reduced error does not exceed 0.1%. The transformation is carried out by a 16-bit DAC. A detailed description of the modules is presented on the website of Trei-GmbH.

Video Information Display System

The proposed solution uses projectors built using DLP ™ technology from Texas Instruments. DLP ™ technology is the "de facto" standard in the field of video walls due to the absence of a "burnout" effect of pixels inherent in plasma panels. The projector's DLP refusal declared by the manufacturer is at least 100,000 hours (more than 10 years of continuous operation). The proposed solution is based on XGA (1024x768) Clarity-Synelec video phones. The video cameras have a built-in processor that allows you to process the flow of digital information at a speed of up to 16,000 MB / s, which is ten times more than the performance of similar systems. Unlike built-in splitters - simple incoming signal separators, Clarity-Synelec video coupies are a full-fledged multichannel digital processor. Two DVI inputs allow us to simultaneously and independently display two scalable and moving information windows. The presence of independent two inputs in the video video provides high equipment reliability: upon failover, one channel of video information processing the second channel remains operational. For the highest quality image in Synelec video phones, supercritical anti-reflective translucent screens are used. Today they are the most high-quality and high-tech shots on the global market. These screens are offered by Clarity-Synelec with the highest image quality requirements (to graphic resolution, clarity, contrast). They are characterized by a wide viewing sector and lack of glare even with a strong illumination of foreign light sources (the supercritical screen absorbs 99.5% of light from external sources). According to its properties, the screens ensure the practical absence of interchangerous gaps, and, therefore, the most comfortable observation conditions. Microscopic optical elements provide high uniformity of brightness over the entire screen surface, wide viewing angle: 180 degrees - horizontally, 180 degrees - vertically. Providing the best definition and contrast when displaying a high graphic resolution signal provides the ability to effectively clean the contamination (most of the lens-raster optical shots have a microlene outer surface and allow cleaning pollution only with compressed air. Screens have a smooth protective outer surface that adapts to effective cleansing) . The video wall controller, the PLI network controller 8-16, is a powerful control system for displaying real-time saturated computer graphics and video images. It combines modern hardware platform and software guaranteeing high performance, reliability and ease of use.

The video wall can combine up to 80 video files. The PLI 8-16 controller generates a polycript image for it and manages the operation of the entire display of the display system equipment. Thanks to the features of the controller architecture, the digitization and display of video sources occurs in real time without loading the central processor and without information loss.

The controller uses the most advanced technologies and protocols. The DVI digital protocol is selected as an interface for transmitting displayed information. Such a solution made it possible to get rid of noise, interference, frequency and phase distortion of the signal characteristic of analog data channels. Due to the absence of analog information channels in the system, the image is characterized by excellent quality and stability.

The PLI 8-16 controller allows you to start any application from the network displaying it in the window either on all polyechrane, that is, as required by the display script. Applications from the network running UNIX can also be launched and demonstrated on polyecheran in the same way. The number of windows with applications is practically unlimited. Each window can be scaled, move the video wall or zoom to the size of the entire screen. The controller is easy to use and does not require an operator familiar with the work of Windows, any special skills. The distinctive features of the PLI 8-16 controller are:

Upgraded hardware platform, which allows to build polyeshrans up to 80 video drives with one PLI controller. When using more complex configurations, the video wall size is not limited;

High-performance graphic processors with digital outputs that provide display signal without noise, distortion and interference;

The ability to work running Windows and Linux. Crossplatform software allows you to use the controller both in Windows and UNIX networks and in mixed networks;

Universality and multitasking. The controller can simultaneously execute user applications, digitize video signals, import information from a local computing network and display the results of work on a video wall in the form of freely moved and scalable windows;

Flexibility and scalability. The controller is easily adjusted to solve a variety of tasks and increases if necessary to expand the functionality of the system or the size of polyecran. Industrial performance of the controller allows you to install it in a standard 19 '' Rapacker, which provides increased noise immunity and improved ventilation of computer components.

The Clarity-Synelec PLI 8-16 network controller allows:

Summarize the permissions of individual video devices, providing an extremely high graphic resolution of polyext (for example, for video walls in a 2x2 video configuration, polyechran resolution is 1536x2048 points);

Work under Windows and Linux OS;

Execute local programs (for example, used by the Customer SCADA application);

Work with network databases;

Display on video wall copies of network applications or copies of network workstation monitors;

Work with any image, as with a regular Windows window: move, scaling, folding, or deployed up to the size of the entire polyext;

Manage display scenarios (including remote workstations);

Generate, save and invoke the scripts required to display during this time period (for example, with different operational situations normal / emergency);

Perform automatic monitoring of equipment with displaying device status (including remote workstations);

To generate error messages, failures and faults, to produce predetermined actions that correspond to each problem described (change the script, turn off and turn on the lamps, etc.);

Track the specified messages in the computer network and in serial ports, to make predetermined actions corresponding to each described message (part of the desired message can be used as a variable for the action);

To make the specified scheduled actions (for each action you can set: time of day, days of the week, dates);

Save as a file instant "snapshot" of images on all polyechran.

Fig. Interaction of logical subsystems at the time of generation of drawing

Brief description of software components

As mentioned above, the TREI-5B-02 controller is a PC compatible programmable logic controller. This controller is running the QNX operating system. The architecture of this operating system is designed specially for use in real-time systems, which makes it the most optimal for use as an operating system of controllers. The image of the operating system and the required controller files are located on the Flash disk or Disk-On-Chip. The controller runs the target task of ISAGRAF, which performs a survey of I / O modules, performs algorithms. The target uses a configuration file containing the description of the algorithms and the description of the hardware configuration of the controller. The configuration file is prepared using the ISAGRAF software package. Isagraf Tool Case System for Technological Programming Controllers. Development of CJ International. Isagraf is full support for all IEC 1131 standard languages \u200b\u200b3. The development environment provides a complete set of tools for interactive program creation, their effective debugging, documentation and project archiving.

The upper level of the ACS TP is based on the SCADA of the IFIX package of General Electric. This software package includes both processing, accumulating and displaying information and configuration tools that allow you to configure the system components in accordance with the requirements of a specific object. The relationship between the controller and the SCADA system is provided with Nautsilus OSS server, a twisted pair is used as a medium, an Ethernet transport protocol is used.

Specialized software

For the PLI controller 8-16, the Specialized COM.Base software package is supplied, which is an integrated multiplayer system for controlling the equipment video wall and the process of displaying information. Com.Base was developed by Synelec Telecom Multimedia as a universal software package that provides a single user-friendly and understandable user interface for automated management to all variety of equipment and processes inherent in professional display systems. The architecture of the controller and software provide trouble-free integration into an existing computing network. Using TCP / IP as the main communication protocol by all devices and modules of the system allows remote diagnostics and administration of the system, including through the Internet. Additional software can be installed for remote network or host computers and distributing network resources. The full-featured program product com.Base Synelec provides a dispatcher with a comprehensive set of video wall controls. Due to its simplicity and friendly user interface, Com.Base provides effective control over the system on three main stages of the system: a) system setting, b) system operation, c) system maintenance.

Consider the interaction of the main subsystems in the process of automatic creation of the mneophem in the IFIX environment, which is in configuration mode: a start with a task to build a picture, and the Solomon block starts its work. Its goal is one of the primary: preparation, control and maintenance of the foundation of the object model of the invisible frame of the future scheme. The required data streams are requested through the "Hermes" communication mediator, which, in turn, makes contact with the external information repository by means of the Darius subsystem supporting the multiplicity and discrepancy of sources and transform data to a single internal standard. Now, for the development of a new type of storage, just inheriting a template from a specialized class, to fill it with access and processing. If necessary, information channels are encrypted, decrypt by the "ARES" block. An important role here is the abstract essence of "ProClass", which is the main building material of the logic of object structures. Its structure is not sewn into the code, but dynamically formed using the abstract factory pattern and initialization files, implementing specific descendants. Thus, it becomes possible to make changes to classes in the program of the program code. The emphasis is made on the two components - the logic is highlighted (the semantic filling of the object) and the set of scripts associated with it are delegated. Objects are created, their initialization is made. Communication and groupings are made to objects according to the scheme being created. Optionally developed a mechanism for automatic generation of tag names, which relies on the logical position of the object and its environment. As a result, the collection of all objects of the task in a single storage is prepared.

In fact, the LEONARDO block works three modes:

1_ preparation to apply the minimum indivisible graphic objects from the point of view of the system with the final result - the primitive library ("Atoms"). The need for step is primarily due to the idea of \u200b\u200bloosening a close relationship with the SCADA used environment.

2_ The foundation of the obtained library of graphic "atoms" produces more complex entities of the class "Symbol" - logically complete images of the appearance of copies of pro-objects. If necessary, their animation is activated. Each type of symbol is represented in the singular.

3_ Using the temporary storage of characters instances and the object field prepared by the "Solomon" block, the end creation of the elements of the mnemoshem and their placement in the figure. Transferring information between blocks and here passes through a single center. At the end, the newly created pattern is saved and placed in a logical repository of visual shapes, in order to be used to be a used subsystem interface of working with the user "Memphis".

Tactile mnemoshem is a special typhilic remedy for the spatial orientation of people with vision limitations developed by the vertical Tiffo Center specialists. This device must meet many requirements in the field of tiplographic standards, and the space map displayed on it must be made taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the world by the blind person. The development and manufacture of a tactile plan is a difficult and long-term process performed by the type of tiplosentialists, in which it is necessary to take into account the features of the sensory perception of people and the necessary tactile effect, because only a blind person can really appreciate its quality.

What is the tactile mnemonic

Any tactile mightmose, regardless of its functional purpose, consists of a tactile surface, racks and call buttons.

To ensure the real availability of buildings and premises, each tactile mnemonichem must be equipped with an integrated help call system. The call button must be equipped with voice confirmation of the activation and voice alert function when the batteries is discharged.
Download Technical task.

How to order "real" tactile mneemery for the blind

If you want to make not just a "decoration for the entrance door" or "beautiful scheme", and a truly full-featured device for a blind person, welcome to the Tiflocentre "Vertical", our specialists are ready to fulfill any tasks in the field of people orientation with vision limitations.

In the past 10 years, namely, the Tiflocentre is developing in their development, the process of production of tactile mneeshem strongly evolved. Hundreds, jointly with blind, tests of various technologies of tactile pointers, and as a result of which the general decision was recognized as the best - tactile layered polymer pointer. Where the tactile surface consists of several UV polymerized layers. These products are protected by a patent for the invention (utility model) the rights to which belong to Vertical LLC.

Requirements for tactile surfaces

The tactile surface, depending on the operating conditions, can be made in several embodiments, having different anti-vandal and visual characteristics, limited only by the conditions of universal design. It is important that the functional characteristics, the tactile panels have high-quality indicators available for any blind person, such as the optimal height of the tactile lift, the font size of the braille, the uniform logic of the development of tactile mneeshem and cards, adapted by typhlocentaries, as well as many other characteristics of which the quality of which can determine Only "special" people.

The stand to which the tactile surface is also attached is also not a small factor, as it is designed to take into account the areas of availability of blind people.

How to make an order for the development and manufacture of mnemonic

In order to make an order for the development of tactile mp-sneems, it is pre-necessary:

prepare the plan of the room for which it is planned to make a tactile mneeme
it is very important to accurately and correctly indicate the place of placement of the tactile mnemonic
mark all available rooms on the plan where you are planned to access the blind person.
specify on the plan number of available offices and send them a separate list with decoding for each separately
specify on the plan, entrance, toilets, evacuation outputs, the zone of receiving information, as well as all this other information that you consider the necessary convey to the blind person

Based on this information, our typhospitalists will develop a field of tactile mneophem in accordance with all the criteria for braille diplomas and regulatory documents.

After that, you need to decide on the type of tactile surface used in the "Tactile Surface" section.

To ensure the placement of information at a convenient angle and an affordable zone for a blind person, you must select the method of installing the mnemoshem in the "Stop Types" section.

How to write a technical task for the manufacture of mnemonic

In order to write a technical task for auction, you need to download it by clicking on the pictogram, or request writing an individual TK from the Tiflo Center specialists. Properly compiled technical task is the key to the supply of high-quality tactile pointers. After downloading the TK, you must select the type and insert the sizes of the tactile field. On the rack you need to download a separate technical task.

For more than 10 years, we are developing and manufacturing various orientation systems in space for people with limited view. All products are created using a guide system that provides a continuous benchmark from the source point - mnemoshem, with tactile tips along the route path and key points of the route, and especially at the route branch points to the ultimate purpose of the destination.

To solve the problems of orientation and developing a truly effective navigation system for the blind, a comprehensive (versatile) approach to the adaptation of social infrastructure facilities is also needed to equip them with auxiliary means of spatial orientation.

The use of a complex rosary system of guides allows the blind after obtaining preliminary information from the tactile mightmone to navigate in space.

Sometimes it happens that the owners of objects, referring to various organizations that do not speak knowledge and technologies in the field of adaptation of objects for the blind, receive a result that not only misleads the blind, and sometimes it disorienses it and, as a result, it may generally lead to the traumatic situation. Often, the situation of improper manufacture of pointers (the absence of an appropriate tactile effect, the incorrect application of the braille system, falsification or visual imitation of typholias), as a result of which they are either becoming useless to be used, or also lead to a complication of orientation in space.

Also there are similar errors when the client does not follow the recommendations of specialists in the field of uniforms of blind and independently decides, where to place some or other tactile pointers specially designed to organize it.

The Tiflocentre "Vertical" constantly conducts research and new developments in the field of improving tactile pointers. Currently, we own a unique patent on the technology of inflicting braille symbols and tactile graphics developed by our employees. This technique provides a good effect, an excellent appearance and product quality. Each product passes a tactile check and has a branded licensed hologram. Products that do not have the corresponding holograms are counterfeit (its production is illegal).

How to quickly order and make tactile icons:

Dear partners! In order to make a quick order for the production of tactile products, you must fill out an online application in 4 actions on our website. The electronic application allows you to significantly reduce the development time.

Our company is over 15 years old is the largest manufacturer of tactile mneophes and pictograms in Russia and the CIS, we produce hundreds of tactile pictograms per day. Therefore, to optimize orders of tactile products, it is recommended to use electronic forms of applications on our website. After filling out such a form, you will receive a letter with the parameters of the products you ordered, and our managers will immediately see your order.

Purpose . MEMOSHEMA (on-screen form) is a visual graphic image of a technological process integrated with control and control tools. It is the most important source of information on the nature and structure of links, the current state of variables (including those related to the violation of technological regimes, accidents, etc.) and allows the technologist to operator:

· Eliminating the storage of the technological process and appointing devices and controls;

· Determine the methods of action at various operating modes of the object;

· Contribute to simplifying the search and identification of the necessary information for prompt adoption of the right decisions.

Graphic components . All SCADA systems are in their composition tools to create as static elements of the mnemoshem (contour images of technological devices, pipelines, etc.), and to revive these elements (create dynamic objects). The composition of these funds includes:

· Sets of graphic primitives drawing (line, rectangle, ellipse, curves, text) and means of their layouts to create unique properties);

· Ready libraries of typical graphic objects: technological objects (devices, mechanisms, machines, etc.), scoreboard, pointers, sliders, buttons, switches that serve to display variables and control the process. Library data can be expanded by the user. When constructing mneophem, the drawing is first carried out

static image of the working window. These are usually the technological process devices or their technological sequence, pipelines, a background explaining the text and so on.

The next step is to give me the dynamics, that is, the animation of drawn (or selected from the library) elements. Under the animation it is understood as the ability of the elements to change its properties when changing the variables of the technological process. The variable properties are thickness, color and style line, color and style of fill (if it is a filling figure), as well as dimensions, position and orientation of elements. It is also provided for direct input of variables (numbers and text, slider devices) and process control using buttons and switches (start / stop, turn on / off, call a window, etc.).

Principles of construction . With a large variety of technological processes, design a good mpitude of art, but we can recommend general principles of construction:

– laconicity and clarity- MEMOSKHEM must be simple (contours and proportions of devices are close to the species of real prototypes), should not contain secondary elements, and the information displayed is a clear and concrete, convenient for perception and further processing. Mural should provide the minimum, but adequate to control and control the number of variables, should not be "overwhelmed" with information for clarification (secondary trends), which is more convenient to do invested in the form of pop-up windows caused at the request of the operator;

– maximum linearityprocess images, i.e. It is advisable to allocate the main line of the process, obeying the rule of visuality: reading "from left to right" and "top down", the minimum use of parallel contours, which will significantly simplify perception

- autonomy- Separation from each other areas of mposhem, corresponding to autonomously controlled and manageable objects and aggregates. These separated areas should be clearly separated from others and have a complete, easily memorable and different from other structure.

– unification- symbols of similar objects and processes need to be combined and unified;

- visual accent to control and control elements- First of all, it should be allocated (sizes, form or color) elements substantial to assess the state, decision making and impact on the managed object (i.e., help to quickly navigate, determine and eliminate deviations and malfunctions);

– accounting of human factor- Mnemoshem should be developed and improved, taking into account the views of the operating personnel.

To evaluate the mposhem used:

- the coefficient of informativeness is the ratio of the number of passive (static) elements and active (dynamic);

- Field filling coefficient - the ratio of the number of passive elements mnemoshem to the total number of elements of mnemoshem.

When designing, Mnemoshem usually offer several options. The final is chosen by experiment (mimic the activity of the operator with various versions of mnemoshem on the computer). Evaluation criteria are the time to solve problems and the number of mistakes made.

In fig. 2 shows the main zones of mposhem. With the horizontal dominant of the information, the following zones are distinguished: zone of basic information- reflects the overall structure of the technological process. It contains basic devices, pipelines, as well as information load, accompanying the technological process.

an additional information zone- There may be button of graphs of trends, reports, "Start / Stop" and so on.

switching zone- due to the impossibility of rational display of all information in one window ("Curse of the format").

With the help of means of the area, it is possible to cause additional windows on which the alarms, trends (per day, month, year), separate sections of the process are more detailed. Such an approach unloads the mneophem, makes it possible to obtain the necessary information about the object that deserves attention at the moment. Explicit difference in vertical dominant zones - area 2 (additional information) is the right of the area 1 (basic information). This is bound primarily with the size of the described objects (the displayed process is small), which allows you to take more space for explanatory information. This layout of the regions is possible to use for pop-up windows, i.e., a detailed consideration of certain sections of the technological process.

Company Search - Russian manufacturer of dispatching shields Since 1995. Over the years, we have developed a whole technology of design and production of mnemoschats that we call Technology Search-Shield. Permanent, incessant technology development, the development of new solutions and components, the use of the best global achievements allow the company to successfully compete with any manufacturers of dispatching shields and video walls. Currently several hundred shields The company's production search works in dispatching points of power systems, network companies, urban networks, in networks of large industrial and oil and gas enterprises, as well as hydropower plants.

In the concept Technology Search-Shieldwhich is certified by ISO 9001: 2011, we invest not only technical component:

design technology and construction of shield frames (floor, wall mounted, modular - with front or rear service ...),
technology of production of set fields (applicative search-shields, mosaic search-shield, film search-shield, macromosaic Search-shield-mm, LCD panel, DLP video, LED screens),
technology of production of mrenamosimvolov (appliquational, mosaic, film, passive, active, indicators ...),
management and power management systems
control servers, graphic servers,
software (including top-level dispatch),
selection of materials and components (plastics, films, aluminum profiles, electronic components, finishing materials ...),
overall shield design and mposhem
professional dispatching furniture,

but the entire complex of regulated relationships with the customer at all stages of the shield life cycle:

detailed technical advice, development of solutions and multivariate commercial proposal,
multi-stage design and coordination of mnemonic
development of a full-fledged detailed set of project / working and operational documentation,
mandatory complete control assembly and debugging before shipment on which the customer may be present,
consumer survey,
warranty and post-warranty service,
technical support throughout the life cycle.

According to the search-shield technology are produced as traditional dispatching shields (two types: applicative and mosaic) with a plastic set field and video printing (video walls):

Applicative shield

Mosaic shield

Video printing (video wall)

All major components and composite parts of the search-shield technology, including:

frames and decorative cladding elements,
tiles and cells of the set field,
mEMOSIMOLS AND DIGITAL INDICATORS,
controllers and control system components,
software (Upper Level Dispatcher - by Znz, controller drivers, programs in microcontrollers),
all types of dispatch furniture ...

they own the original development of the company search and produced her serial.

In the manufacture of shields on the technology of search-shield apply high quality materials, in particular, plastics the best foreign manufacturers. Due to this, elevated strength and durability of the elements of the mneophem, a clear geometry of parts, saturation and stability of the color of the mnemonimvolol, the lack of a tendency to fading, compliance with hygienic requirements and increased fire resistance mnemoshima are achieved.

Technology Search shield covers the whole range of types of dispatching shields (including and non-standard). It is equally well adapted to create MEMOSKHEM:

urban electrical networks,
regions of electrical networks (RES),
electrical networking enterprises (branches of "Oblanergo" from the Rossetay structure),
independent network companies
hydroelectric power plants (hydroelectric power plants), nuclear power plants (NPP), CHPP, GRES,
internal power supply networks of large industrial enterprises,
mural substations (PS) - small wall-mounted shields with a membered alone substation,
power supply networks of oil and gas production enterprises,
power supply networks in h,
thermal and plumbing networks,
as well as other networks, such as:

monsham of ventilation, heat supply, water supply and sewage system of buildings,
monsham of the technological process on a chemical (or any other) production,
mural railway networks,
murals of networks performed on the locality map, etc.

For mnemonic electrical networks at the technology of search-shield there are no restrictions at the voltage rates displayed by mnemoshem, and in general it is quite suitable to create any control panels with any mnemosham.

Special place in the company's manufacturing program search occupy shields of control panels such objects like HPP, NPP, CHP, GRES ..., called The main control shields (god) or central control panels (CPU). Such shields, in addition to a sufficiently developed mnemonic, also contain various controls, as well as a large number of measuring / registering devices and digital indicators. Most often god / CPU shields are emergency (critical) means of control over the objectTherefore, many elements of indication and management on them have direct connections with the equipment they control. To such shields are presented special requirements for design, informativeness, complexity and reliability.

The type of management shields are the company produced by the Company built-in mosaic consoles and control panels and indications. Such panels usually have a small size (no more than 2 sq. M) and are intended to be embedded in the console or operator / dispatcher tables.

Technology Search-shield allows you to create dispatch panels in the range from very simple passive (not having LED indication and control system) wall-mounted shields of less than 1 sq.m, to big more complex active shields (mneeshem visualization complexes) with an area of \u200b\u200b100 or more square meters, with a large list of options equipped with video sets or built-in video walls, extremely saturated with electronic mnemonim symbols and indicators, and also allows you to create video printing (video walls).

The company is always focused on execution full cycle of workcovering all stages - from technical advice and design, before installing and commissioning with training. At the same time, for cheaper, it is possible to order any set of components for self-assembled shield or video walls, as well as any volume of work from the full cycle.

In production video printing (video wall) the company search, unlike competitors, offers the customer the whole range of services required for the full operation of the product (this is enough a rare combination that allows you to immediately start work With a video program):

professional selection, production and supply of a set of equipment of video printing (hardware), its assembly and commissioning (including staff training),
the supply of specialized dispatching for the ZNZ of its own development (program part),
the information content of the program part is the creation of an electronic mnemoshem (or comprehensive multilayer project) of the customer's network in the ZNZ dispatcher, as well as its configuration and execution of the necessary initial settings.

The company search has been operating in the electric power industry since 1993 and has unique design experience more than 400 mnemoshem Different types for all types of power grids, as well as other mnemoshy. The company's cycle proposed by the company includes a multi-stage sequential coordination of the electronic mnemonichem with the customer during the performance of work, which eliminates the possibility of obtaining a negative result at the stage of their acceptance.

All over lifecycle dispatching shields and video printing (video wall) company production searching them accompanies the dispatching for znz - Company development search.

The search company has required Park of Modern Technological Equipment, as well as own production capacityproviding technology search-shield flexibility, adaptability and multifunctionality, as well as allowing to develop and produce original structural elements, incl. Appropriate customer's customer wishes.

It is enough to look at the photos of our shields / video walls to make sure how diverse they are. Using various methods of search-shield technologies, we give an individual appearance to each product, but at the same time the features are traced in all corporate style. Seeing our shield or video printing, you will always learn in it the company's product search - clear, expressive, bright, contrast pattern. Mural, high informational saturation, lightweight elegant frame, thoughtful, fully finished and adapted to a specific room design, modern finishing materials ...

Technology Search-shield provides the highest combination of price, quality and functionality The search for dispatching shields produced by the company and video walls, which is confirmed by the number of orders we have implemented.

The information that is displayed in the mneophe can be represented as an analog, discrete and relay signal, and graphically. Visually displaying the system structure, MEMOSHEM facilitates the operator to memorize the objects of objects, the relationship between the parameters, the purpose of the instruments and controls. In the control process, the mnemoshem is the most important source of information on the current state of the system, the nature and structure of processes occurring in it, including those associated with the violation of technological regimes, accidents, etc.

Murals reflects the main equipment, signals, state of regulatory authorities. Murals can reflect both the overall picture of the state of the system, the technological process, and the state of individual units, devices, parameter values, etc. The auxiliary and reference material must be located in additional formas of the display, with the possibilities of as quickly as possible to extract these auxiliary forms to the screen.

Murals help the operator working in a large number of incoming information, facilitate the process of information search, subjugate it with a specific logic dicked by real bonds of the parameters of the controlled object. They facilitate the operator logical systematization and processing of incoming information, help the implementation of technical diagnostics in the process deviations from the norm, provide an external support for the development of optimal solutions and the formation of control influences.

Murals are effectively used in cases where

the managed object has a complex technological scheme and a large number of controlled parameters;

the technological scheme of the object can be promptly changed during operation.

Based on Monshy, there are several basic principles

the principle of laconicity, according to which the mnemoshem should be simple, should not contain extra, darkening elements, and the display information should be a clear, specific and brief, convenient for perception and further recycling.

the principle of generalization and unification involves the requirement that it is necessary to allocate and use the most significant features of managed objects, that is, the elements denoting insignificant structural features of the system should not be used, and the symbols of similar objects and processes must be combined and unified.

the principle of accent - to the elements of control and management at mneophemes, first of all, it is necessary to allocate the elements in size, form or color, the most significant for assessing the state, decision making and impact on the managed object.

the principle of autonomy provides for the need to separate from each other areas of mnemoshem, corresponding to autonomously controlled and manageable objects and aggregates. These separate areas should be clearly excluded from others and according to the principle of structures should have the completed, easily memorable and different from other structure. The structure should reflect the nature of the object and its main properties.

the principle of the spatial correlation of control and control elements is the location of instrumentation and indicator devices - should be clearly coordinated with the location of the control elements corresponding to them, that is, the law of compatibility of the incentive and reaction should be observed.

the principle of using the usual associations and stereotypes involves the use of such conditional designations in the mphyms of such symbols, which are associated with the generally accepted lettering designations of these parameters. It is advisable to apply if it is possible, instead of abstract characters, symbols associated with objects and processes.

The main task is mnemoshem

Displays the logic of controlled and managed processes, to facilitate the simplification of the search and identification of the necessary information and the prompt adoption of the right decisions.

Classification mnemoshem by type

Operatoric

Displays, as a rule, a single spatially concentrated technological complex depending on whether the operator performs any switching directly to the mnemonium or it is a purely awareness device, operator mightms are divided into operational and non-orpeable

operational mimposes along with various display devices, instruments, visual and signal elements, have an individual or call-type controls.
noperative

Dispatcher

Displays the displacement system, which includes a variety of technological complexes, objects, aggregates. Depending on whether the operator performs any switching directly on the mnemoshem or it is a purely awareness information device dispatching divided - on light and mimic

light
mimic - manual switches for removing signals and bringing the display of the state of the object in the mightmone in accordance with its real state.

Operator and dispatching mneophes are significantly different from the degree of detail and the details of the display of individual objects of control and management.

Individual

Individual or single-lectured mph - mnemoshem, in which each information element is associated with only one sensor, that is, the sections of the circuit are constantly connected to the same controlled objects.

Verified

Test migrants or electoral (multi-bit) - mposhem, in which areas can periodically connect to several objects having the same structure, are called call or selective (multi-object). In the voltage mightms, either a particular object or a particular sensor of one object can be connected. With the help of a call mneophem, you can significantly reduce the size of the panel, save in devices and soybeans, facilitate the operator's working conditions by reducing the field of view and simplify the scheme.

Permanent

Permanent mposhem - mnemoshem, on which the same object scheme is constantly displayed. In removable mneopheshes, the image in the process of operation can be significantly changed depending on the operating modes of the object (the start-up scheme, the scheme of normal operation, the emergency scheme, etc.).

Classification Monster by type

Location

separate panels
add-on to the instrument shield
console to the console
working panel of the console

Information on mnemoshem

analog
analog-discrete
discrete

Conditional designations of the object, aggregate, technological line and other equipment

flat
relief
volumeful

Method of coding

conditional
symbolic

Conditional signs on mnemosham

Conditional signs have no external similarity and do not create visual associations with displayed objects and phenomena.

When developing mneophes, the optimal selection of forms of symbols used are important. In the form, the characters must be a closed circuit. Auxiliary elements and lines should not cross the contour of the symbol or any other way to make it difficult to read.

Increased requirements should be presented to symbols that signal the functional (special emergency) state of individual units or objects.

Connecting lines on mnemoshem

Must be straight and solid. When laying mposhem, it is necessary to strive for the connecting lines to be shorter and had the smallest number of intersections.

Specificity to work with mnemosham

When working with mphs having significant sizes and many objects of various colors and brightness, the operator's visual system is carried out by a large load. Therefore, it is not allowed to use in a large number of colors that quickly tire the eyes - red, purple, purple. As a background, the mopeshem is recommended to use the incomplete colors of the average spectrum frequency.

Assessment Mnemoshem

Happens in two parameters

The coefficient of informativeness is the ratio of the number of passive elements and active.
Field filling coefficient - the ratio of the number of passive elements mnemoshem to the total number of elements of the mnemoshem.

Write a review about the article "Mnemoshem"

The passage characterizing the mnemoshem

The emperor squeezed his ear, frowning slightly and showing that he did not hear.
"I'll wait, Your Majesty," Cutuzov repeated (Prince Andrei remarked that Kutuzov unnaturally trembled the upper lip, while he spoke it to wait). - Not all columns are still gathered, Your Majesty.
The sovereign was heard, but this answer, apparently, did not like him; He shook the stunned shoulders, looked at Novosiltsheva, who was standing as if she had a look at Kutuzov.
- After all, we are not on the Tsaritsyn meadow, Mikhail Larionovich, where the parade is not starting, until all the shelves come, "the sovereign said, looking again in the eyes of the Emperor, as if inviting him if not to take part, he would listen to what he He speaks; But Emperor Franz, continuing to look around, did not listen.
"Therefore, I don't start, the sovereign," Kutuzov said the sonorous voice, as if warning the possibility of not being heard, and in his face it was shifted again. "Therefore, I don't start, the sovereign that we are not at the parade and not at the Tsaritsyn meadow," he said clearly and clearly.
In a sovereign retinue on all persons who instantly overwhelmed with each other, ruled and reproach. "How he neither old, he should not have to speak in any way," these faces expressed.
The sovereign was intently and carefully looked into the eyes of Kutuzov, waiting if he would say something else. But Kutuzov, on his part, respectfully bumping his head, also seemed to be expected. Silence continued for about a minute.
"However, if you order, Your Majesty," said Kutuzov, raising his head and again changing the tone on the former tone of a stupid, unreasonable, but said general.
He touched a horse and, susperating his head of the Miloradovich column, handed him the orders for the offensive.
The army again moved, and two battalions of the Novgorod regiment and the Battalion of the Absheron Regiment were moved forward past the sovereign.
While this Absheron battalion, Ruddy Miloradovich, without Sineli, in Mundire and orders and with a hat with a huge Sultan, put on a lap and from the field, march march comes forward and, youth Salutuya, besieged the horse before the sovereign.
"With God, General," the sovereign said him.
- MA FOI, SIRE, NOUUS FERONS CE QUE QUI SERA DANS NOTRE POSSIBILITE, SIRE, [right, Your Majesty, We will do what we can do us, Your Majesty,] - he answered fun, nevertheless, causing a mocking smile from the Lord Sentils of the sovereign with their ill french reprimand.
Miloradovich turned his horse sharply and became somewhat behind the sovereign. Absheronians, excited by the presence of a sovereign, a well-brain, harsh step, beaten by the leg, passed by emperors and their suits.
- Guys! I shouted with a loud, self-confident and cheerful voice of Miloradovich, apparently, to such an extent excited by the sounds of firing, the expectation of the battle and the type of young people of Absheronians, still their Suvorov comrades who looked past by emperors, which forgot about the presence of the sovereign. - Guys, you are not the first village to take! - he shouted.
- We are glad to try! - shouted soldiers.
The sovereign horse gone from an unexpected cry. This horse, wearing the sovereign still at the views in Russia, here, on the Austerlitsky field, carried his sediction, withsting his scattered blows with his left foot, worked out the ears from the sounds of shots, just as she did it on a Mars field, not understanding These heard shots, nor the neighborhood of the crow's stallion Emperor Franz, nor the fact that he said, thought, felt the one who was driving on it on this day.
The sovereign with a smile appealed to one of his approximations, pointing to the young people of Absheronians, and something told him.

Kutuzov, accompanied by their adjutants, went with a step behind the carabineers.
Having droves with the pillar in the tail of the column, he stopped at a lonely abandoned house (probably formerly tavern) be branched two roads. Both roads descended under the mountain, and the troops walked.
The fog began to disperse, and vaguely, the versts at two distances, the enemy troops on opposite elevations were visible. Left at the bottom of the shooting became heard. Kutuzov stopped, talking to the Austrian General. Prince Andrei, standing a little behind, peered into them and, wanting to ask the visual tube at the adjutant, turned to him.
"Look, look," said this adjutant, looking at the long army, and down the grief in front of him. - This is the French!
Two generals and adjutants began to grab the pipe, pulling it out by one of the other. All the faces suddenly changed, and horror expressed at all. The French were assumed for two versts from us, and they suddenly appeared, unexpectedly before us.
- Is it an enemy? ... no! ... yes, look, he ... probably ... what is it? - Voices heard.
Prince Andrei by a simple eye saw at the bottom right rising to meet the Absheronians a thick column of the French, not further than five hundred steps from the place where Kutuzov stood.
"So she came a decisive moment! It came to me. ", I thought the prince Andrew, and hit the horse, drove up to Kutuzov. "We must stop the Absheronians," he shouted, "your high movement!" But on the same moment everything was stacking, a close shooting rang out, and a naive frightened voice two steps from Prince Andrew shouted: "Well, brothers, Shabash!" And as if this voice was a team. On this voice, everything rushed to run.
Mixed, all the increasing crowds fled back to that place, where five minutes ago, the troops passed by the emperors. It was not only difficult to stop this crowd, but it was impossible not to go back along with the crowd.
Bolkonsky only tried to keep up with her and looked around, bewildered and unable to understand what was done in front of him. Nesvitsky with an embittered view, the red and not similar to himself, shouted Kutuzov, that if he would not leave now, he will be taken pronounced. Kutuzov stood in the same place and, not answering, I took a handkerchief. Blood flowed from his cheek. Prince Andrey protested him.
- Are you injured? He asked, barely holding the shake of the lower jaw.
- Wounds are not here, but where! Said Kutuzov, pressing a handkerchief to the wounded cheek and pointing to the running. - Stop them! - He shouted at the same time, probably thinking that it was impossible to stop them, hit the horse and drove to the right.
Outlooking the crowd of the runners captured him with him and led back.
The troops fled such a thick crowd, which, once in the middle of the crowd, it was difficult to get out of it. Who shouted: "I went! What has been labeled? " Who immediately turning around, shot in the air; Who beat the horse on which Kutuzov himself was driving. With the greatest effort to choose from the flow of the crowd to the left, the cutuzov with a retinue, reduced more than twice, drove on the sounds of close tool shots. Selling from the crowd of the runners, Prince Andrew, trying to keep up with Kutuzov, saw on the descent of the mountain, in smoke, who had yet shot the Russian battery and running to her the French. The Russian infantry was higher, without moving forward to help the battery, nor back in one direction with the running. The general rode separated from this infantry and drove to Kutuzov. Only four people remained from Kutuzov's Sweets. Everyone was pale and silently overdid.
- Stop these bastards! - choking, spoke Kutuzov to the regimental commander, pointing to the running; But at the same moment, as if he was punished for these words, like a swarm of birds, bullets flew over the shelf and Kutuzov's retinue.
The French attacked the battery and, seeing Kutuzov, shot it. With this volley, the regimental commander grabbed his leg; Several soldiers fell, and the subpenser, who was standing with the banner, released him out of her hands; The banner was stunned and fell, lingering on the guns of neighboring soldiers.
Soldiers without a team began to shoot.
- Oooh! - With an expression of despair, Kutuzov was washed and looked around. "Bolkonsky," he whispered from the consciousness of his senile powerless voice. "Bolkonsky," he whispered, pointing to an upset battalion and at the enemy, "what is it?"
But before he agreed, Prince Andrei, feeling the tears of shame and anger, who approached him to the throat, already scored with a horse and ran to the banner.
- Guys, ahead! - he shouted the childish piercingly.
"Here it is!" I thought Prince Andrew, grabbing the banner of the banner and with pleasure hearing whistle bullets, obviously directed precisely against him. Several soldiers fell.