Why does the "Needle" silt up or How to distinguish a well-made well from a fake. How to make an Abyssinian well - making a homemade machine for drilling wells Do-it-yourself Abyssinian well manufacturing

A well is a rather expensive structure, which, when manufactured, requires special equipment and certain skills. Moreover, if the level of occurrence of aquifers is not deeper than 15 meters, then you can use the simplest design which has been in use since ancient times.

That is why many owners of garden plots and private houses are interested in how a do-it-yourself well is made.

step by step process

To begin with, it should be said that this type of structure is not suitable for every locality.. The level of the first aquifer should be no deeper than 15 meters. At the same time, the soil should not contain hard rocks or black clay.

Training

• First of all, a needle for a well is made from an ordinary inch pipe.
• At its end, a kind of pike is installed, like on a spear, which it is desirable to sharpen well.
• At a distance of 20 cm from the peak, the pipe is perforated. In this case, the holes should be randomly located so as not to weaken the product. This area should be 20-30 cm long.
• It should be noted that 15 meter pipe quite difficult to install. However, this length may not be required. Therefore, it is common to use pieces that are connected to each other by welding.
• V Lately threaded drives are used to fasten the segments to each other. However, they should only be installed through the coupling.

• It is desirable that the first segment has the maximum available length, since it will be on it that the main loads will fall. It is also worth remembering that a needle water well can have a depth of only 7 meters and therefore the rest of the material may not be needed.
• Special attention should be paid to the functional load of the pipe. In wells of this type, it is both casing and main, which means that you should not choose thin-walled material.

Advice!
Some masters strongly recommend installing a mesh on the bottom of such a pipe, which will serve as a filter.
However, this should not be done, because it will quickly clog, and it will be very problematic to make a replacement.
In these designs, it is better to use a pump or pump filter for the well, although products with large cells or wire-based can be installed, but only outside.

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Manufacturing

• It should be noted that the water in the country and land plot extracted from wells belongs to the state, since it belongs to the category of minerals. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to acquire the appropriate documentation.
• It is also desirable to have special equipment for drilling a well. If it is not there, then you can invite specialists for an appropriate fee or rent a similar unit.

• It must be said that it is quite possible to do without special equipment, but then you need to have a certain tool for self made. However, its use is considered a very laborious process, although the price of such independent work will be small.
• First, a well should be drilled with a diameter slightly smaller than or the same as the pipe. Professional masters say that a depth of 5-8 meters is usually enough. However, not everyone can afford such equipment and therefore it is made as large as possible, even if it is only 3 meters.

• At the next stage, a pipe prepared in advance is inserted into the hole, with the sharp end down.
• When it reaches the bottom of the well, then with the help of a percussion tool they begin to immerse it in the ground until it reaches the aquifer. This will be expressed by the fact that water will begin to appear inside.

• After that, the installation instructions recommend digging a well around a depth of 1 meter, which is concreted and equipped with a lid. This design will serve as the basis of a water well.
• Then an external pump, filter and accumulator are installed in the well. At the same time, professional craftsmen recommend purchasing these assembled products, which will be much more practical and economical.

• You can also install a manual pump, which was used back in the century before last. She doesn't need electrical energy and can be used in emergency situations.
• It should be noted that water from such sources very often carries rain masses, which, after passing through the soil, are cleaned. However, in order to be sure of its quality, it is worth doing an analysis. The fact is that sources of this type are quite specific and can often contain water that is not suitable for drinking.
• It is worth remembering that the well is a building that needs a sanitary zone. It is best to enclose it with a small fence to prevent accidental pollution of the area.

Advice!
When driving the pipe into the ground, you must be very careful not to bend it or damage the junction of the segments.
Therefore, it is recommended to use a special impact tool or make a wooden substrate.

The cheapest and with the least labor costs you can get water for domestic needs, in an amount sufficient to supply a summer cottage or a small private house, if you equip abyssinian well with your own hands. The device of such a hydraulic structure has its own which should be taken into account when determining the admissibility of well construction and, if possible, then proceed directly to the execution of work.

How to make a well-needle

The most suitable type of soil for arranging such wells is sandy or sandy-gravel soil, usually located below the clay layer, which can be of considerable thickness. If the soil in the place where the “needle” should be hammered contains large boulders, then the idea should be abandoned before the start of work, which will not only not give the desired effect, but will also cause loss of time, effort and money.

Layers of the earth when drilling to the first water-bearing sand

We start driving

If the structure of the layers of the lithosphere allows you to make a well-needle with your own hands in a percussive way, without using drilling, then you will need to perform the following sequence of actions:

1. Remove loose layer of soil to loam.
2. If the well is to be used all year round, a caisson will need to be made, which must be buried below the freezing point of the soil to avoid the possibility of ice forming in the pipes. If the "needle" will be used seasonally or is located in the basement of the house, the item can be skipped.
3. Start driving with a crowbar or a spiral drill, the diameter of which is 5-10 mm less than the prepared thick-walled gas pipes. This will make it possible to make a hole in the ground with a depth of 1-1.5 m, due to which the first section will easily enter up to half of its length and will be firmly fixed. Particular attention should be paid to the verticality of the initial penetration, since it is she who will set the direction of movement of the conduit and determine the quality of the Abyssinian do-it-yourself well.

Features of the design of the "needle" and the filter element

The first clogged segment of the water supply is the very “needle” thanks to which the well got its name.

Finished needle. From the blank with holes to the winding of the filter element.

The device has the following requirements:

• the whip must have a steel tip made of solid material and attached by thread or welding;
• the base of the cone attached to the pipe must be larger than the outer dimension of the pipe by the thickness of the filter + 10 mm to ensure that its integrity is maintained;

At a distance of 2 cm from the tip, a perforation is made, which can be obtained in two ways:

• drilling holes in a checkerboard pattern with a diameter of 8-12 mm, to a height of 2-3 cm in increments of about 50 mm;
• making through cuts in the body of the pipe, to the same height in increments of 1 cm along the circumference.

To increase the degree of purification of water from solid inclusions, the size of which is otherwise assumed to be twice the value cross section perforation, it is required to make a filter element.

The filter can be a fixed stainless steel mesh with a cell of 2 mm (a smaller section can quickly become silted) and / or a wound wire with an anti-corrosion coating or a design with an appropriate pitch of turns;

The filter element is fastened with wire twists or soldering using tin solder that does not contain lead, which can poison water.

The mesh or wire on the “needle” filter holds the sand and the already purified water enters the pipe.

Going deeper

Further, the “needle” should be deepened to the aquifer sandy layer, by building up the whip with new segments and driving the metal structure into the soil. Impact can be implemented using a sledgehammer or "grandmother".

“Grandma” device for deepening the Abyssinian well

In order to use the latter, do the following:

1. passing the protruding end of the conduit through the central hole, install the “headstock” on the ground. To which the following requirements are imposed: the mass must be at least 30 kg; the central hole exceeds outer dimension coupling for 5 - 10 mm; on the sides there are lugs or holes for eyebolts for fastening ropes, located above and in the center of the ribs.
2. build up the conduit with the next section using a threaded steel sleeve. to which special requirements: the wall thickness must be no less than that of the connected lashes; the length of the cut part is three times the diameter of the pipe; cylindrical grooves are made at the ends, which must be made for a tight entry of the lash section without thread to a depth of at least 5 mm, which means that their caliber must match the outer size of the pipes.
3. each of the sections is screwed into a coupling with a hemp seal of the surfaces to a depth of at least 1.5 cross sections;
4. at the top of the mounted whip, a knot is attached with two blocks for raising / lowering the “headstock”, through which ropes are passed, attached to the eyes or eyebolts of the percussion instrument. If the height is too high, then the block should be fixed before the sections are connected to each other;
5. "grandmother" rises all the way up and is fixed in this position;
6. at a distance of 1 - 1.5 m from the ground, but not less than 0.2 m from the coupling, a "underdress" is attached, which is a massive cylindrical part with protrusions and a split insert made of metal, the hardness of which is greater than that of the pipe material.

When everything is ready, the "grandmother" is released and falls onto the "underdress", which is fixed even more strongly due to the conical liners, and the conduit sinks into the ground.

After a certain number rises and drops of a percussion instrument, depending on the nature of the soil, the conduit is clogged to a level when it becomes inconvenient to work with the “headstock”. After that, the installed elements of the shock pair should be removed and the operation should be repeated with building up the whip with new segments until the required mark is reached.

The depth of the first aquifer can be determined by periodically filling the conduit, if the water does not go away, then the clay layer has not been passed, and when it goes away, the “needle” should be hammered another 1 meter. After that, the pump can be installed and the buildup can begin.

Plastic pipe instead of water conduit

The emergence of new materials and components for the installation of water pipes led to the desire of the craftsmen to make a well to raise water from a depth using plastic pipes, which, unlike metal, are not subject to corrosion and are not a source of iron oxide, which increases rigidity. However, the properties of plastic do not allow it to be driven into the ground without losing its shape and tightness, which necessitates drilling to equip such Abyssinian wells.

Since the Abyssinian is a well with a plugged bottom, due to which water does not enter as a result of inflow, but through a perforated wall, before hammering plastic pipes into a hole obtained as a result of auger or helical drilling, penetration should be performed to the full depth. After that, a column consisting of plastic pipes, starting from the end section, which has a perforated surface with a filter and a plugged bottom. The plug is preferably made conical to facilitate penetration.

The variety of plumbing communications on the market allows you to choose one of the following options for plastic pipes as a material for making an Abyssinian well with your own hands:

1. Metapol, with a diameter of 1 inch or more, lowered without breaking the section into a hole obtained by drilling with a spiral drill.
2. PVC pipes, at least 1 inch in diameter, are lowered one section at a time and welded together until the desired length is obtained.
3. A plastic sewer pipe with a diameter of 57 mm or more, lowered into the well and extended using standard connections with rubber seals.

Well-needle with casing pipe

If, in the process of drilling a pit for an Abyssinian well, it turned out that the soil is too loose and cannot retain its shape without parallel strengthening of the walls of the penetration, you should not be upset and instead of making an Abyssinian well with your own hands with a conduit made of plastic pipes, use it as a casing . Drilling in this case should be carried out with an eccentric tool, for example, a drill spoon, which is just designed for sandy soil, and the walls are strengthened in parallel, as the rod is lowered from the gas pipes.

The tubular structure that transmits rotation from the gate to the drilling tool in this case will subsequently be used as a do-it-yourself Abyssinian well, therefore, it is subject to requirements similar to those listed when describing the column equipment - “needles”.

After the hole is drilled to the full depth, and the walls are strengthened, the rod is gradually removed from the well and disassembled into separate sections. The drilling tool is replaced by an end section with a plugged end and a perforated wall equipped with a filter element.

Starting from the end link, the sections are assembled, with sealing of the threaded coupling joints with tow, and gradual lowering into the pit, until the bottom is reached. The cavities between the conduit and the casing are completely or partially filled with fine stone chips for additional filtration.

Availability of water in the suburban area - necessary condition his existence. If the owner has a limited budget, then you can take advantage of the construction of a low-cost technical facility, which is available to most summer residents.
The technology for installing an Abyssinian well with your own hands is quite simple. Such a well or a needle for a well was invented by Americans in the 19th century. The article proposes to familiarize yourself with the basic rules of its device.

What geological conditions are needed for a well device

- a shallow well into which a hand pump is installed. With its help, water is pumped from an aquiferous sandy layer.
Such a structure differs from an ordinary well in the presence of very clean water. It is not clogged with dust, dirt, drains and perched water.
Before proceeding with the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to get acquainted with the geology of your area. Usually, neighbors who have long owned plots nearby can tell about this.
They know where the soil layers are located and how deep the aquifers are.

Tip: An Abyssinian well can only be arranged if the upper aquifer is located no deeper than 8 m from the ground surface. WITH greater depth lifting water with a surface pump can be problematic. When the aquifer is lower, a sand well should be drilled with a larger diameter or the pump should be buried, rather than using a surface pump.

Soil requirements for a well device:

• The aquifer for which the well will be constructed must contain medium-grained sand or a mixture of gravel and sand. Such soil passes water well, it will be easy to pump it out.
• The condition for the upper layers is only their permeability. Otherwise, you will need special equipment.

What are the advantages of such water supply

Tip: If neighbors in the dacha already have such wells, then there will be no special problems for building it on the site.

Advantages of the Abyssinian well:

• Simplicity and low cost of construction.
• It does not require a lot of space for its arrangement: the structure does not violate the composition of the landscape.
• There is no need to use machinery, no access roads are needed to deliver it to the site.
• The pump can be installed on site or indoors.
• It will take no more than 10 hours to carry out the work, which depends on the hardness of the soil and the depth of the water carrier.
• Silting prevents quality, which allows you to operate the structure for a long time.
• No pollution enters the device from the surface of the earth.
• The quality of water from such a well is similar to spring water.
• The water well needle provides a constant supply of water volume. It is enough for watering the site, for household needs: for an average well, the debit is from 0.5 to 3 cubic meters / hour.
• The device can be easily dismantled and installed elsewhere.
• These wells are shallower than traditional sand wells, which reduces the likelihood of dissolved iron entering the structures. This eliminates the need to install filters, the price of which is not small.

Features of the equipment device

The functioning of any well and the Abyssinian well depends on the quality of the pipe and its dimensions:

• For construction, it is best to use inch or one and a half inch pipes made of metal or plastic, cut into pieces one to two meters long.
• As the dive progresses, the pipe is extended to the required length. Their connection is made by threaded connections.
• Silicone is used for sealing sanitary flax, oil paint.
• Special couplings are also used for connection.

Tip: It is necessary to ensure that the pipes are connected securely enough. Violation of tightness can damage the entire structure.

• To advance the device in the thickness of the soil, the diameter of the tip must be made slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe.
• The end of the pipe ends with a special filter-needle. This facilitates the passage of the pipe in the ground, protects the structure of the well from silting, and ensures the purity of the incoming water.

Tip: It is best that the needle for the Abyssinian well is made of the same material as the main pipe, which will prevent electrochemical corrosion.

For the manufacture of a filter-needle from galvanized metal pipe, necessary:

• Holes with a diameter of 5 to 8 mm are drilled in the pipe, they must be arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
• A stainless steel mesh is soldered on top. In the absence of a grid, you can use a wire, it winds around the perforated end of the pipe, leaving a gap between the turns.
• The wire is also soldered.
• A spear-shaped tip is welded to the end of the pipe, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the pipe. This is necessary for the free movement of the structure following the needle.

Tip: For solder, you need to take only pure tin. The presence of lead impurities in it for the Abyssinian well is unacceptable, this can cause severe water poisoning.

Suitable for this well reinforced pipe from polypropylene.
To make a filter needle from pvc pipes need to:

• Insert a mesh filter inside the pipe.
• Fix it by welding.
• Perforate the pipe. To do this, slots are made on its surface with a hacksaw for metal.

How to build an Abyssinian well

To build a structure, you can use one of two methods:

• Zabivny. For driving structures into the ground, they usually use a “driving woman”. In this case, you need to constantly pour water into the pipe. After a sharp departure of water into the soil, the structure deepens another half a meter, then installation can begin.

The driving method for creating an Abyssinian well is great, but there are a number of dangers. The main one is the probability of passing by the aquifer.
In addition, when meeting a stone at a great depth, the structure can be completely damaged.

• Small diameter drilling. This method guarantees the presence of water in the well, but its use requires special equipment.

Tip: It is better to pour one or two bags of marble chips into the well to create an additional filtration circuit and prevent silting of the structure.

To build a well, you must purchase:

• Drill and grinder.
• Hammer and sledgehammer.
• A couple of gas keys.
• Pancakes from the rod from 20 to 40 kg, for clogging the pipe.
• Welding machine.
• Garden drill with a diameter of 15 cm.
• Pipes: From 3 to 10 meters - ½ inch, 1 meter - ¾ inch.
• 1 inch pipe for a well, in pieces of 1-1.5 m with a short thread on each side.
• Bolts and nuts for 10.
• Grid from of stainless steel galloon weaving P48 1 m long and 16 cm wide.
• Automobile collars of 32 standard sizes.
• Couplings: steel, for connecting pipes and cast iron 3 - 4 pieces, for clogging pipes.
• Wires two meters with a diameter of 0.2 - 0.3 mm.
• Pump station, HDPE pipes, check valve and clutches.

How to make a filter

For the manufacture of the filter, an inch pipe is needed, which is approximately 110 cm long, a tip is welded to it in the form of a cone - a needle for an Abyssinian well. In its absence, you can simply flatten the end of the pipe with a sledgehammer.
Next you need to do:

• With a grinder, slots are cut on both sides of the pipe at a length of 80 cm through 1.5 - 2 cm, the size of the slot is from 2 to 2.5 cm. In this case, the overall strength of the pipe should not be compromised.
• A wire is wound onto the pipe.
• After that, a mesh is applied to it and fixed with clamps after 8-10 cm. The photo shows ready-made filters for the Abyssinian well.

In America, unlike the Russian Federation, for example, a filter for such a well is made with an internal mesh and a wire located above and below the mesh.

Drilling technology

The instruction indicates that the drilling process is as follows:

• With the help of a garden drill, the soil is drilled.
• The structure is built up from pipes: ½ inch pipes are interconnected with ¾ inch pipe couplings and 10 bolts. Holes must be pre-drilled at the fixing points.
• The process continues until the appearance of wet sand flowing from the surface of the drill. Further drilling does not make sense - wet sand will return back to the well.
• The pipe with the filter is clogged.
• Pipe sections are connected to the filter by means of couplings. FUM tape is screwed onto the thread.
• Then such a design with a filter made of pipes is lowered to the sand, a cast-iron coupling is screwed on top of it.
• Pancakes are laid on this coupling from the rod. An axis is passed through their center, along which pancakes will slide and clog the pipe. The axle is made from a piece of pipe 1.5 meters long and ½ inch in diameter with a bolt at the end.

• From each hit with a pancake, the pipe sinks several centimeters.
• After passing from the sand level by half a meter, you need to pour some water into the pipe. If she disappears, the sand has accepted her.

How to pump a finished well

The well drilling process is as follows:

• A check valve is installed.
• A pumping station is being installed. It is necessary to monitor the tightness of the entire structure.
• Water is poured into the pumping station.
• A piece of hose is connected to the outlet.
• The pump starts. Initially, air will come out of the well, and then cloudy water.
• After that it will appear pure water. You can be convinced of its quality after carrying out analyzes (see) or simple boiling.

How water is extracted in the country with the help of a borehole needle can be seen in detail in the video. This article suggests brief information about the stages of construction of the device.

The issue of water supply suburban area must be resolved, otherwise there is no need to talk about even minimal comfort. If water is needed, and the budget is limited, it's time to remember about the low-cost technical facility available to most summer residents. Moreover, the technology with which you can install the Abyssinian well with your own hands is not particularly difficult. Such a well or a needle well, as it is also called, was invented by the Americans back in the 19th century, and got its exotic name after the British began to use it in Abyssinia (Ethiopia).

Initially, the Abyssinian well was called a shallow well with hand pump, which pumps water from a sandy aquifer. This well differs from an ordinary well in that the water in it is very clean. It is not clogged with dirt, drains, spores and perched water. Having first appeared in Russia in the 19th century, this building is still a success.

However, before starting the implementation of the plan, you need to take an interest in the geology of your area. As a rule, neighbors who have long owned plots nearby are aware of the location of soil layers and the depth of aquifers. They have already made their own choice in favor of a well or a well.

The choice of structure, which is used as the optimal source of water on the site, largely depends on the geology of the area.

It is possible to start building an Abyssinian well only if the upper aquifer is located no deeper than 8 m from the ground surface. From greater depths, lifting water with a surface pump can be problematic. If the aquifer lies below, a well should be drilled into the sand of a larger diameter or the pump should be buried.

The aquifer to be targeted by the well should be medium-grained sand or a mixture of gravel and sand. Water can flow freely through such soil, so it will not be difficult to pump it out. The layers located above the water carrier are of interest to us only in terms of their permeability. And the tool that will be used in the work will not be able to break through deposits of boulders and pebbles or hard rocky layers. To carry out such drilling operations, special equipment is required.

Material on how to search for water on the site will also be useful:

Advantages of this type of water supply

The likelihood that an Abyssinian well can be built on your site is very high if the neighbors in the country already have such wells.

One of the significant advantages of the Abyssinian well is that it can be built both on the site and in the house.

The advantages of such a structure can hardly be overestimated:

• the design is simple and inexpensive;
• for the arrangement of this well, a lot of space is not needed: the building does not violate the integrity of the landscape;
• no equipment or access roads are needed for its arrival;
• the pump can be mounted both on the site and indoors;
• the whole work will take no more than 10 hours: it all depends on the depth of the water carrier and the hardness of the soil;
• a high-quality filter prevents silting, which allows you to operate the structure for a long time;
• pollution from the surface of the earth does not get into the well;
• the quality of water from such a well is comparable to spring water;
• the needle well provides a continuous supply of water, which is enough for irrigation of the site and for domestic needs: the debit of an average well is approximately 0.5-3 cubic meters / hour;
• the device can be easily dismantled and installed elsewhere.

Abyssinian wells are not as deep as traditional sand wells, so there is less chance of dissolved iron getting into them. And this means that there is no need for expensive filters when using them.

The Abyssinian well raises water from the aquifer, which is deep enough to ensure the normal operation of any plumbing and watering the site.

How to carry out work without special equipment?

An Abyssinian well can be easily made using special equipment. But buying such mechanisms specifically for a single well is unprofitable, and inviting specialists is expensive. The construction of a needle well can be done with your own hands and using only the tool that is already available or can be purchased inexpensively.

Preparation of the necessary tool and material

The kit for the Abyssinian well includes:

• drill and grinder;
• hammer and sledgehammer;
• a pair of gas keys;
• to clog the pipe, you need pancakes from the bar for 20-40 kg;
• welding machine;
• garden drill 15 cm in diameter;
• pipes: ½ inch 3-10 meters long, ¾ inch - 1 meter;
• 1 inch pipe for a well, which must be cut into pieces of 1-1.5 m and have a short thread on each side;
• nuts and bolts for 10;
• mesh stainless galloon weaving P48 16 cm wide and 1 m long;
• clamps automobile 32 sizes;
• couplings: cast iron 3-4 pieces to clog pipes, as well as steel to connect pipes;
• two meters of wire 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter;
• non-return valve, HDPE pipes and couplings, .

In any city there is a market or a hardware store where you can cut threads and purchase all these materials and tools.

Self-made filter

The filter requires an inch pipe about 110 cm long, to which a cone-shaped tip is welded. This tip is called the needle for the Abyssinian well. If not, you can simply flatten the end of the pipe with a sledgehammer. Using a grinder on both sides of the pipe, we cut slots for 80 cm through 1.5-2 cm, about 2-2.5 cm long. It is important that the overall strength of the pipe is not compromised. We wind the wire onto the pipe, after which we put a grid on it and fix it with clamps after about 8-10 cm. The grid can also be soldered if you have certain skills.

In America, for example, a filter for an Abyssinian well is made with an internal mesh and a wire that is located above and below the mesh.

It is important to know that lead solders should not be used to prevent toxic substances from entering the water. Only special flux and tin solder are used for work.

Drilling technology

Drilling the soil with garden drill, building it up with a pipe structure. To do this, ½ inch pipes are connected with ¾ inch pipe couplings and 10 bolts. Holes must be pre-drilled at the attachment points. The drilling process goes on until wet sand appears, which will drain into the surface of the drill. Everything, further drilling is meaningless, because wet sand will go back into the well.

We clog a pipe with a filter

We connect the pipe segments with the filter using couplings, not forgetting to screw the FUM tape onto the thread. The resulting structure of pipes with a filter is lowered to the sand, and a cast-iron coupling is screwed on top of it. Pancakes from the rod are placed on the cast-iron coupling. An axis is passed through their center, along which the pancakes will slide, clogging the pipe. The axle consists of a 1.5 meter piece of pipe with a diameter of ½ inch and a bolt on the end.

The finished well needle does not take up much space and does not spoil appearance plot: if desired, it can be decorated with a canopy, it is very desirable to build a concrete platform around it

With each blow of the pancake, the pipe should sink a few centimeters. When half a meter from the sand level is passed, you can try to pour some water into the pipe. If the water disappears, then the sand has taken it. An aquifer of sand is capable of absorbing water at the same rate as giving it away.

Finished well pumping

Install check valve pumping station. At the same time, we use HDPE pipes and make sure that the whole structure is airtight. We fill the water station with water, and connect a piece of hose to the outlet. You can start the pump. Do not be alarmed when air comes out of the well, and then muddy water. That's the way it should be. Pure water will soon appear, the quality of which can be verified by making an analysis or simply boiling it.

This is how an Abyssinian well looks like if it was installed in the garden and equipped with a hand pump: the summer resident no longer depends on the watering time set by SNT

There should be no sewers or manure pits near the place of active water intake. A small platform of concrete, which is built around the well and located just above the soil surface, will provide an outflow of rainwater.

The easiest way to provide country cottage area water - make an Abyssinian well with your own hands. Within five to ten hours after the start of work, the owners of the dacha will receive the first liters of their own clean water. The equipment that is used in this case is so compact that it is possible to arrange an Abyssinian well even in the basement of a residential building or in viewing hole garage.

The principles of creating an Abyssinian well

The design idea is very simple and consists in piercing the soil to the depth of the aquifer with a pipe about one inch in diameter. To do this, a thin tip is attached to the end of the pipe, thanks to which a needle well is created.

In this case, pipes with a diameter of only an inch and a half are used. A self-priming pump is mounted on a recessed pipe, operating on the principle of creating a vacuum. If there is not enough water from the finished well, another do-it-yourself needle well can be built on the site.

The location of the classic water intakes: as you can see here, the Abyssinian well can be arranged on light sandy soil

Despite the relatively low labor and material costs for the creation of such a well, it can not be arranged in every area. First of all, you should make sure that the water level that is reached after the opening of the aquifer is no more than 8 meters (the so-called piezometric level). This does not mean that the depth of drilling a well or the passage of a needle will necessarily be equal to 8 meters. It can reach 10-15 meters, and in some cases, for the Abyssinian well, you have to go even 20-30 meters deep.

You can find out the value of the piezometric water level on the site by interviewing neighbors who already have a well or well. If it turns out that the water is a little deeper, a meter or two, it is still possible to make a well of this type, but for this you will need to go deep into the ground a couple of meters.

The condition of the soil should also be properly assessed. On light sandy soils, an Abyssinian well can be made without any problems. But if the ground turns out to be too hard, containing boulders and stones, the project will have to be abandoned.

Pipe, filter-needle and other nuances

The functioning of any well, including the Abyssinian well, depends on the quality of the pipe. It is best to use inch or one and a half inch pipes, metal or plastic, which are cut into pieces 1-2 meters long. As the pipes are immersed, they are extended to the required length with the help of threaded connections. They are sealed using sanitary flax, silicone, oil paint, etc.

In addition, special couplings are used. It is very important that the pipe connection is as reliable as possible. Any breach of tightness will lead to damage to the entire structure.

The diameter of the tip should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe to ensure free movement of the structure in the soil.

At the end of the pipe, it is necessary to mount a special filter-needle, which will facilitate the penetration of the pipe into the ground, protect the Abyssinian well from silting, and also ensure the purity of the incoming water. It is best if the needle is made of the same material as the main pipe. This will prevent possible electrochemical corrosion.

To make a filter needle from a galvanized metal pipe, you must:

1. Drill holes in the pipe with a diameter of 5-8 mm, placing them in a checkerboard pattern.
2. Solder a stainless steel mesh on top. As an alternative to mesh, wire can be used, which is wound around the perforated end of the pipe, leaving a gap between the turns. The wire also needs to be soldered.
3. Weld a spear-shaped tip to the end of the pipe. Its diameter should be slightly larger than the dimensions of the pipe so that the structure following the needle moves freely in the soil.

It is quite suitable for such a well reinforced polypropylene pipe. To make a filter-needle from a PVC pipe, you should:

1. Insert the filter mesh inside the pipe.
2. Fix the mesh by fusing.
3. Perforate the pipe by making cracks on its surface with a hacksaw.

Some experience with PVC pipes is required to perform these operations.

Everything necessary materials can be purchased at hardware stores separately, however ready kit for the Abyssinian well will save time and effort.

Which is better - hammering or drilling?

To make an Abyssinian well on their own, two methods are used: driven and small-diameter drilling. To drive the structure into the ground, a "driven woman" is usually used. At the same time, water is constantly poured into the pipe. When the water abruptly goes into the soil, the structure is deepened by about half a meter, after which you can proceed with the installation of the pump.

When creating Abyssinian wells, it is easier and more convenient to drill a well of small diameter

For self-creation the Abyssinian well, the driving method is excellent, but its use must be reckoned with a number of dangers. There is a chance to pass by the aquifer. In addition, if a stone is encountered at a great depth, the structure may be completely damaged.

The small diameter pre-drilling method requires the involvement of a team with special equipment, however, it guarantees the presence of water in the well. This method is clearly shown in the video:

Classic order of construction works

The task of driving a pipe into the ground looks quite simple. However, in order for the execution of all operations to be successful, a number of nuances should be taken into account. Experienced builders recommend making an Abyssinian well as follows:

1. Select and mark a place for the well.
2. Dig a hole with a volume of about one cubic meter.
3. Pass the upper layer soil with a garden drill to remove some of the soil.
4. Start driving the pipe into the soil using a load weighing approximately 30 kg (cast-iron woman, "pancakes" from the rod, etc.) or start drilling.
5. The pipe should be in the center of the pit, a certain amount of soil is gradually poured into it, which is compacted.
6. Sequentially screw additional sections onto the main pipe to provide the required length.
7. After the aquifer is reached, the filter should be washed from the clay with water, which is supplied under pressure.
8. Set manual piston pump and pump out the cloudy water layer to make the water clear.
9. Concrete around the well to prevent runoff and contaminants from entering the well.

After the installation of the well, it is connected to the house water supply system, if necessary.

Abyssinian wells are durable and easy to use, the main thing is the right place

The advantage of the Abyssinian wells is not only the simplicity of the design. They are durable and very easy to use. These are small devices that will not cause any serious damage to the landscape. For their construction and operation, wide access roads will not be needed. Finally, if necessary, you can remove the pipe from the ground and install it in another suitable place. At the same time, the water coming from the Abyssinian well always remains fresh and clean.