The population of the Russian Federation. The largest region of Russia

The dynamics of the population population depends on two factors: natural growth and migration of the population. It is clear that to show how much the population has arrived or loss in these parameters in each region for a long period - the task is not fully executed, because Rosstat publishes such data only since 2008. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to some moments.

First, the article shows the change in the population of the regions from 1990 to 2015. It also shows the change in the population in the regions in the interval of 1970-1990.

It was then noted a change in the regions of the regions in general and in terms of components in 2015: natural and migration growth, coefficients for components per 1000 people. population.

Also in the material referred to a natural increase in the regions of the RSFSR (including Crimea) in 1990.

Sources:

Russian statistical yearbook different years publication;

Bulletin of Rosstat "The number and migration of the population of the Russian Federation".

Data on the population of Crimea and Sevastopol for 1970 and 1990 are borrowed from Wikipedia (with reference to Ukrainian statistical resources).

Pictures and tables are clichel.

The conditional color notation in Table 1 and in Figures 1 and 2 reflect the change in the population in the specified period on:

Table 1 - Changes in the population of the regions of Russia in 1970-2016, thousand people. (including Crimea).

Figure 1 - change in the population of the regions of Russia (RSFSR, including Crimea) in 1970-1990,%

From 1970 to 1990, the population of most regions of the RSFSR, including the Crimea, steadily grew. The population of Western Siberia, the regions of the Far North, increased most noticeable Far East, Crimea, Caucasian republics, Moscow and Leningrad. The population of the Khanty-Mansiysk AO has grown 4 times, Yamalo-Nenets AO - more than 5 times.

A minor reduction in population was noted from 1970 to 1990. In 13 regions of the European part of the country. The greatest decrease was recorded in the Tambov region - by 13%.

In the next period (1990-2016), the picture is changing radically.

Figure 2 - Changing the population of the regions of Russia (including Crimea) in 1990-2016,%

The decline in population is celebrated in 60 regions. The most strongly (3 times) are the Chukchi JSC and Magadan region. The population of Kamchatka, Sakhalin and Murmansk regions, the Republic of Komi decreased by one third.

The population has increased only in 24 regions (from 84-x). Most of all - in Dagestan, Moscow and KHMAO.

Table 2 - Changing the population in the regions in 2015 by components, thousand people. (including international migration).

Regions are ranked under the general change in population.

Region	Population on 01.01. 2015, thousand people.	General change for 2015, thousand people.	Natural increase, thousand people.	Migration increase, thousand people.	Population on 01.01. 2016, thousand people.
the Russian Federation generally	146267,3				146544,7
moscow
Moscow region
Krasnodar region
saint Petersburg
Tyumen region without JSC
The Republic of Dagestan
Chechen Republic
g. Sevastopol
Novosibirsk region

Republic of Tatarstan
Republic of Crimea
The Republic of Ingushetia
Krasnoyarsk region
Kaliningrad region
The Republic of Buryatia
Chelyabinsk region
Leningrad region
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Kursk Oblast
Sverdlovsk region
Voronezh region
Republic of Adygea
Tomsk Oblast
Belgorod region
Stavropol region
Tyva Republic
Kabardino-Balkaria
Altai Republic
The Republic of Khakassia
Nenetsky autonomous District
Yaroslavl region
Omsk Oblast
Udmurtia
Chukotka Autonomous District
Kaluga region
Republic of Bashkortostan
Sakhalin Oblast
Kamchatka Krai
Karachay-Cherkessia
The Republic of Mordovia
Chuvash Republic
North Ossetia Alania
Mari El Republic
Magadan Region
Lipetsk region.
Republic of Kalmykia
Irkutsk region
Jewish Autonomous Region
Perm region
Republic of Karelia
Astrakhan Oblast
Kostroma region
Novgorod region
Vologodskaya Oblast
Khabarovsk region
Murmansk region
Amur region
Primorsky Krai
Transbaikal region
Pskov region
Ulyanovsk region
Ryazan Oblast
Saratov region
Oryol Region

Rostov region
Smolensk region
Orenburg region
Samara Region
Kirov region
Penza region
Ivanovo region
Tula region
Bryansk region.
Kemerovo Region.
Komi Republic
Kurgan region
Altai region
Vladimir region

Nizhny Novgorod Region
Tver region
Volgograd region
Tambov Region

Table 3 - Changes in the population number of population in the regions in components in 2015, for 1000 people. (including international migration).

Region	The overall increase (decline) of the population for 2015, for 1000 people.	Natural increase, for 1000 people.	Migration growth, for 1000 people.
g. Sevastopol
The Republic of Ingushetia
Tyumen region without JSC
Chechen Republic
Moscow region
Krasnodar region
moscow
Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Republic of Dagestan
Kaliningrad region
Altai Republic
saint Petersburg
Tyva Republic
Republic of Crimea
Novosibirsk region
Republic of Adygea
The Republic of Buryatia
Republic of Tatarstan
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Krasnoyarsk region
Kursk Oblast
Tomsk Oblast
Leningrad region
The Republic of Khakassia
Kabardino-Balkaria
Belgorod region
Voronezh region
Chelyabinsk region
Stavropol region
Sverdlovsk region
Yaroslavl region
Omsk Oblast
Udmurtia
Republic of Bashkortostan
Kaluga region
Irkutsk region
Perm region
Chuvash Republic
Rostov region
Lipetsk region.
The Republic of Mordovia
Samara Region
North Ossetia Alania
Saratov region
Primorsky Krai
Sakhalin Oblast
Mari El Republic
Astrakhan Oblast
Karachay-Cherkessia
Kemerovo Region.
Vologodskaya Oblast
Khabarovsk region
Nizhny Novgorod Region
Orenburg region
Altai region
Kamchatka Krai
Ulyanovsk region
Transbaikal region
Republic of Karelia
Volgograd region
Kostroma region
Ryazan Oblast
Tula region
Novgorod region
Penza region
Amur region
Kirov region
Murmansk region
Bryansk region.
Vladimir region
Smolensk region
Republic of Kalmykia
Ivanovo region
Oryol Region
Pskov region
Chukotka Autonomous District
Tver region
Arkhangelsk region without nonsense AO
Komi Republic
Kurgan region

Tambov Region
Magadan Region
Jewish Autonomous Region

Figure 3 - total increase (population decline) in 2015 by region, thousand people.

Figure 4 - overall increase (population decline) in 2015 by region, for 1000 people. population.

The leaders of the absolute increase in population among regions in 2015: Moscow, Moscow region and Krasnodar region. Each of these regions increased the population of more than 50 thousand people. And in all these regions, the increase is provided mainly (more than 80%) by migration flows.

In the calculation of 1000 people of the population, the largest population growth was recorded in Sevastopol (almost completely at the expense of visitors). In the "Outsiders" list: Jewish autonomous, Magadan and Tambov region, Yamalo-Nenets JSC.

Now a few words and images regarding natural growth in the regions.

Figure 5 - Natural increase (population decline) in 2015 by region, per 1000 population.

Figure 6 - Natural increase (population decline) in 1990 by region, per 1000 population.

There is a significant deterioration in the scope of natural growth since 1990. The increase is observed only in five regions: Chechnya, Krasnodar Territory, Moscow, Moscow region and St. Petersburg. In 1990, the natural increase was recorded in 62 regions (from 84s presented in tables), in 2015 - in 41.

And in 1990, and in 2015 the leaders of the natural increase are the National Republics: Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan and Tyva. In 1990, in the list of natural growth leaders among regions (more than 12 per 1000 people), Yakutia, YNAO and KHMAO were also. But by 2015, the increase in these regions was below 12 per 1000 people.

Migration growth in the regions

Figure 7 - Migration increase (population decline) in 2015 by region, man.

Figure 8 - Migration growth (population decline) in 2015 by region, per 1000 population.

The largest share of immigrants per 1000 people adopted in 2015: Sevastopol, Tyumen region (without districts) and the Moscow region.

The migration of the population from the regions of the Far East and almost all regions of the Far North is very high. Earlier attractive KHMAO and YNAO immigrants now have a negative migration increase. INAO is generally the first among regions on a negative migration increase of 1000 people in the population.

Russia is a huge country with contrasting population. His number of regions of Russia is not evenly distributed. The demographic situation also varies in different regions.

The population of Russia

According to Rosstat, the number of residents of Russia in 2017 amounted to about 146,800,000 people. This puts the country on the 9th place in the number of people on the planet.

The average population density is 8.6 people / km 2, which is rather low for a modern era value. According to this indicator, Russia is one of the least settlements of the world. However, the distribution of residents in different regions varies greatly. So, if the European part of the country is a density of 27 people / km 2, then in Asian - only 3 people / km 2.

The highest population density in the Moscow region is over 4626 people per square kilometer. Minimum indicator B. Chukotka Districtwhere its average value is below 0.07 people / km 2.

The share of urban population in the country is 74 percent. In Russia, 170 cities with the number of residents over 100,000 people, and in 15 of them residents more than 1 million.

Russia is a country of retirees. Their share of the total number of able-bodied citizens is 1/2-1 / 3. Approximately the same situation in Greece. It is knitted with low natural

Number of population by regions of Russia

In Russia in the amount of 85 regions, of which 22 are republics, 9 - edges, 46 - areas, 3 - big cities, 1 - autonomous region, and 4 - autonomous districts.

The population in the regions of Russia often does not reflect its density. Low population density regions are usually large administrative entities, while in areas with high density The population is predominantly small in the area.

In terms of population, it is headed by its economic and social attractiveness. From the administrative regions of Russia in terms of population, Moscow leads, where it is 12 million 380 thousand people. It follows the Moscow region with a population of 7 million 423 thousand people. The third place behind the Krasnodar Territory is 5 million 571 thousand people.

Fourth, fifth and sixth places are occupied by St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk and Rostov region, respectively.

From the regions of Russia in the number of residents in the last places, the Magadan region is standing, the Chukchi Autonomous District and the Nenets Autonomous District.

The population of Russia regions by year

Since 1990, there is no clear to this year in the mill (with the exception of the military five-year plan of fortieth), its stable increase was noted. The situation was worse in the 90s and in the first decade of 2000. Then the birth rate was equal to mortality, but after 2014 a negative trend again prevailed.

At the same time, the total number of residents in the country increases since 2010, which is explained by an increase in migrant flow. Before that, starting from the mid-90s, the population in the country decreased.

IN last years The tendency to loss of the number of residents is most characteristic of the Central and Western part of the European territory of Russia. In the same part of the country, the lowest birth rate is also noted, and the highest mortality rate. That is, both of these factors act simultaneously, reinforcing each other. In the North Caucasus and in some Siberian regions, the number of residents increases.

The greatest increase in the number of residents is celebrated in Moscow, the Moscow region and the Krasnodar Territory. In each of them, the annual increase in the number of residents amounted to more than 50,000 people. These regions are obviously one of the most prosperous in the country, and therefore are more attractive for migrants. Mostly due to them, this increase was ensured. Population growth due to the natural (fertility minus mortality) of the demographic process is noted in Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia and Tyva.

In most regions, there is a decrease in population. Total regions 60. The leaders on negative growth are Chukotka and the Magadan region. Here since 1990, the number of residents decreased 3 times. A somewhat better situation in Kamchatka, in the Murmansk and Sakhalin regions and in the Komi Republic.

Migration flows

Migration flows are most active in Moscow, Tyumen regions and in the district Sevastopol. Apparently, this is due to their greater attractiveness for Russian citizens. Regions of the Far East and the Far North, on the contrary, are leading on the outflow of the population.

The worst things are the outflow of people in Magadan, Tambov regions, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and in the Jewish Autonomous Region, as well as in some other regions.

Russian population population

In Russia, only 2 megapolis. This is Moscow with a number of over 12 million people. and St. Petersburg with a population of over 5 million people. The rest of the cities do not exceed two million people. So, in Rostov-on-Don, it is 1 million 125 thousand people, in Novosibirsk - 1 million 603 thousand people, in Yekaterinburg - 1 million 456 thousand people, in Nizhny Novgorod - 1 million 262 thousand people. etc.

Among the cities with a population less than 1 million residents leads Krasnodar. It lives 882 thousand people. In the second place of Saratov with a population of 845 thousand people. On the third - Tyumen with a number of 745 thousand people.

Conclusion

Thus, the population of the regions of Russia is unevenly distributed. The huge regions on the Asian part of the country are practically deserted, while small edges and areas on the European part of it are thickly populated. Maximum population in the region of Russia is Moscow.

Russia is a federal state. The composition includes 85 subjects, which are endowed with equal rights. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - the most big region Russia. Continue Rating the largest subjects Countries in the area and population.

On the territory occupied

1. Republic of Sakha. Yakutia is part of Northeast Siberia. Area - 3083,523 thousand km². Capital - Yakutsk. The Republic of Sakha ranks first in the world largest among administrative-territorial units. 2 state languages: Russian and Yakutsky. 40% of the locality is located outside the northern polar circle.

Natural zones: Taiga, Fierotundra and Tundra. 80% of the terrain - forests. Temperature norms: July +19.5 ° C, January -38,6 ° C. There are 3 time zones in the republic (+6, +7, +8 hours regarding Moscow time).

Founded in 1934. Area - 2366,797 thousand km². It is 13.86% of the territory of Russia. In the depths of the Earth, 95% of Russian nickel reserves and 20% of gold. There are 7 natural reserves.

Krasnoyarsk Territory - the hydropower potential of the country. There are 20 power plants on the territory.

Khabarovsk region - part of the Far East. Southwestern zone Borders with China. Area - 787.633 thousand km².

The region includes the continental part plus a few islands. Educated in 1938. Natural landscape presented coniferous forests - 85% of forest belts.

The Irkutsk region was founded in 1937. The occupied territory is 774,846 thousand km². City inhabitants - 78.9%. Capital - Irkutsk. Ethnic composition includes 37 nationalities, among them:

Russians - 88%.
Buryats - 3.2%.
Ukrainians - 1.27%
Tatars - 0.94%.
Others are less than 0.5% (Belarusians, Armenians, Yakuts, Khakasi).

Developing sectors of the economy: forest and cellulose industry, engineering and mining.

The territory takes 769,250 thousand km². The capital is the city of Salekhard. The region is presented by natural mineral reserves, including 136 fields:

59 oil and gas condensate;
62 oil;
9 gas impeners;
6 gas.

The population is 536,049 people, of which 61% are Russian.

The Chukotka Autonomous District is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Far North. The area occupied area is 721.481 thousand km². In the east, it borders with the United States in the marine border. The capital is the city of Anadyr.

The region has a borderline regime. The climate is harsh, winter lasts for 10 months. Temperature values: January -27 ° C, July + 7.5 ° C.

7. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District - Ugra. Area of \u200b\u200bterritory - 534,801 thousand km². Capital - Khanty-Mansiysk. The economy of the region is:

oil and gas producing industry (81.7%);
electric power industry (6.1%);
processing industry (12.2%).

Indigenous peoples - Khanty and Mansi. The word "Ugra" appeared in the title in 2003. A similar definition was called peoples behind the Northern Urals.

Educated in 2007. Area - 464,275 thousand km². The region is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula with the inclusion of the mainland, Karaginsky and the Commander Islands.

There are 300 volcanoes on the territory, of which 29 existing ones.

Territory area of \u200b\u200b462,464 thousand km². Capital - Magadan. According to 1953. The basis of the relief is the ridges. There is a long-term permafrost.

Supporting industry:

prey of precious and non-ferrous metals (gold, silver, molybdenum, copper);
fisheries;
reindeer breeding.

Area - 431,892 thousand km². Created in 2008. Administrative Center - Chita.

The landscape is represented by the mountains. The number of population is 1,078,000. Rural residents - 32%. The supply of coal is 2 billion tons (2% of the country indicator).

In terms of population

Moscow - the city of federal significance. The number of 12.38 million people. It is included in the top 10 cities in the world by the number of residents.

Performed a number of destinations:

travel center;
transport hub;
financial core.

Main nationality: Russians (91.65%), Ukrainians (1.42%), Tatars (1.38%).

Enters Central federal District. Educated in 1929. The number of residents of the region is 7.423 million people. Resistant growth in residents due to migration. Average age Citizen of the region - 39 years.

House in the Moscow region

By the number of residents, 4 district are leading:

Odintsovsky - 316,000 people.
Ramensky - 256,300 people.
Sergiev Posad - 225300 people.
Balashikhinsky - 225300 people.

Developed industries of the region: Energy, trade, communication, industry and tourism.

The number of residents is 5,570 million people. 54.6% - city inhabitants. Founded in 1937. Administrative center - Krasnodar.

The basis of national composition:

Russians - 86.6%, of which 0.1% - Cossacks;
Armenians - 5.4%
Ukrainians - 2.6%

The population is 5.281 million people. Men 46.6%, women 54.4%.

St. Petersburg - Economic Center, including:

trade (21.5%);
processing production (19.9%);
operations of real Estate (19,3%);
transportation (11.8%).

By the quality of life, the city ranks 176 in the world ranking.

The number is 4.329 million people. The foundation date - 1973. The population density is 22.28 people / km2 - 3 times higher than the average in Russia (8.57).

By national composition: 90% - Russians, Tatars - 3.5%, Ukrainians - 0.9% and Bashkirs - 0.8%. The unemployment rate is 6.9%.

Number - 4.231 million people. Urban population - 67.9%. National composition:

russians (90.3%);
armenians (2.6%);
ukrainians (1.9%);
turks (0.9%).

Main industries: Agricultural and food industry, agricultural engineering and coal mining. The capital is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Population - 4.066 million people. Citizens - 61.9%. It takes 1 place among the regions of Russia in terms of volumes:

oil refining;
fuel production;
cattle livestock;
manufacturing of honey and milk.

The capital is the city of Ufa.

The number is 3.885 million people. State languages: Russian and Tatar. City population - 76.6%.

The territory includes citizens of 115 nationalities, of which Tatars are 53.2% and Russians - 39.7%. The capital is the city of Kazan.

Population - 3.660 million people. Citizens - 80.41%. Industries supporting the region's economy:

forestry;
industry (86.4% - fuel);
energy.

Administrative center - Tyumen.

Population - 3,502 million people. The Chelyabinsk region industry is highly developed due to ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering.

National composition:

russians (83.8%);
tatars (5.6%);
bashkirs (4.8%);
ukrainians (1.48%);
kazakhs (1.05%).

Capital - Chelyabinsk.

Each Russian region is individual, has its own history and internal potential. Part of the subjects in the area are superior to Argentina, France and Spain.