Fish in siberia name. Sturgeon fish. Fish species inhabiting Siberia and the Far East

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For many representatives of the strong half of humanity, fishing is a hobby, but not a means of profit. Although, more recently, some 100 years ago, fishing for many did not represent any value, as an occupation exclusively for pastime. For many, fishing was a means of survival.

Nowadays, most anglers come to a certain, interesting place to catch a rare but valuable specimen that can leave a memory for a lifetime. Siberia and the Far East are also visited by many lovers of fishing and catching tasty and valuable fish, especially since there are many species of fish and in sufficient quantities. In addition, the places also lure anglers by the fact that fishing here is mostly free.

Here, some areas differ in that it is really possible to get here only in winter. Unfortunately, there is nothing to do here alone, since the places are characterized by harsh conditions, and you need to know the places. Therefore, it is better to buy some kind of voucher and go fishing with the whole team together with a guide.

Winter fishing competitions are regularly held on Lake Baikal. There are plenty of similar, interesting places in Siberia and the Far East, you just need to choose a suitable place.

Many fishermen dream of fishing on Lake Baikal, because grayling and omul, as well as pike, ide, catfish, perch and other fish, both predatory and peaceful, are found here. In addition, there are very picturesque and interesting places with wild nature.

Exact fish habitats in Siberia and the Far East

The reservoirs of Western Siberia are considered one of the richest in terms of the number of fish living in them. The Ob River is also considered one of the richest in fish resources. Its tributaries can also be ranked among it. In such rivers as the Yenisei, Tom, Amur, Yaya, Lena, Kia, Mris Su, Ters, Uryuk and others, a huge number of different types of fish are found.

The reservoirs of the Far East provide the largest amount of various fish, which corresponds to more than 60% of all fish caught in Russia. The seas of the Far East replenish the industrial catch with cod and salmon, which are highly valued for their delicious meat. As a rule, they are caught in the Okhotsk, Japanese and Bering Seas, which belong to the Pacific Ocean.

The following fish species are caught in the Far East:

40% herring.
100% crabs.
99% salmon.
90% flounder.
60% shellfish.

In other words, at least 80% of all fish is caught here, which is caught on an industrial scale throughout Russia. In addition to fish, algae are fished here, which makes up almost 90% of the mark, in general, in Russia.

	Sturgeon fish
	Amur sturgeon
	Russian sturgeon
	Lensky sturgeon

Description. Sturgeon is a valuable freshwater fish, there are about 20 species. The body of the sturgeon is elongated like a spindle, the skeleton consists of cartilage, there are no bones. The head is elongated, pointed near the mouth, there are no teeth, the lower lip is interrupted. On the lower jaw of the sturgeon, the main organ of the fish's sense of touch grows - 4 whiskers, which help to find food. The fins on the back and at the anus grow close to the tail. Skin without scales, it is replaced by 5 parallel strips of bone plates ("bugs"), going from the head to the tail (1 on the back, 2 on the stomach, 2 on the sides). The color of the fish is very different, but usually the back is gray-black, the sides are gray-brown, and the belly is white.

The sturgeon in the natural environment is now found less and less and the fault is not predatory fish, dangerous for the sturgeon only at a young age, but a person, or rather poachers, exterminating fish for the sake of caviar. Therefore, the sturgeon listed in the Red Book and its catch is allowed only in some rivers of Russia (with great restrictions) and in the territories of paid cultural fisheries.

There are 3 types of sturgeon in Russian reservoirs: Russian, Amur and Siberian. Amur sturgeons are the smallest, growing up to 8-9 kg with a length of up to 1.5 meters. The Russian sturgeon is gaining weight faster, the adult is gaining 20-30 kg of weight. Siberian sturgeons can live for more than 50 years, reaching during this time a weight of 50 kg and a length of 1.5-2 meters, although there have been cases of catching specimens weighing 250 kg and 3.5 meters long. The Lena sturgeon (one of the Siberian species) is usually bred in KRH, as the most unpretentious and resistant to diseases. On good nutrition, it grows rapidly and at 4-5 years old reaches a length of up to 70 cm and a weight of up to 2 kg, like an 11-year-old individual in the Lena River.

Lifestyle. The sturgeon is a bottom fish; it lives at depths from 2 to 100 meters. Sturgeons are semi-anadromous, anadromous and freshwater. Anadromous sturgeons usually overwinter in the sea, in the fresh part of it, and in April-May they go in small schools to spawn in rivers, keeping at the same time at a strong current and depth. After spawning, anadromous fish return to the sea, while semi-anadromous fish remain in rivers. The movement of the sturgeon often coincides with the direction of the wind. Freshwater sturgeons do not migrate, they live in rivers and lakes. The Lena sturgeon is freshwater.

Nutrition. The food of each type of sturgeon is different. There is, for example, paddle sturgeon, which feeds only on plankton, passing it through itself along with water. Siberian sturgeon is not particularly whimsical, eats all year round, its main food: larvae of chironomids, caddis flies, mayflies, stoneflies, mollusks, gammarids, amphipods (mormysh), worms and others. Individuals over 3 years old switch to predatory food (herring fry, sprat, etc.). Lena sturgeon in the farm is usually raised on special sturgeon feed.

Spreading. Russian sturgeon is found in the basins of the Caspian, Black and Azov seas, keeping in the mouths of rivers. There is a freshwater species of Russian sturgeon living in the Volga River basin. Amursky lives only in the fresh waters of the Amur basin. Siberian sturgeon, respectively, is found in the rivers of Siberia from the Ob river basin to the Kolyma, feeding in the Ob, Taz and Yenisei bays.

In the Urals, sturgeon is found mainly in paid stocked reservoirs. In the Perm Territory, it comes across in the Kama River, getting into it from fish farms (Nytva, Dobryanka and others). In the Chelyabinsk region, it is found and actively bites on paid reservoirs: "", (near Lake Uvildy), in addition, in the past years, sturgeon was launched in and. In the Sverdlovsk region, sturgeon can be caught in, sometimes it comes across on rivers, and, but its catch is prohibited here.

Sturgeon fishing. Sturgeon, especially Lena, feeds all year round, but catching it from under the ice is not very popular. Biting starts after 4 pm and ends at 10 am. The sturgeon keeps in pits or at the sandy bottom, looking for food. If within 30 minutes from the moment of casting the sturgeon does not bite, then you should change the bait or the place of fishing. In open water, it is preferable to fish sturgeon on a solid rod 4-6 meters long with strong rings made of aluminum or ceramics and a reel with a large supply of fishing line for long casting at 30-40 meters. The line needs to be chosen strong 30-40 lb, better braided, the breaking load of which is more than 10 kg. Hook size 7-8. The sinker should be such that it holds in place during the current. Leader made of fishing line of a smaller section, 50 to 90 cm long with 1 or 2 swivels. In winter, sturgeon is caught with a sturdy winter fishing rod equipped with a nod or float. Sturgeon attachment: various molluscs, fry, worms, crustaceans, pieces of fish, a bunch of worms is good in winter. The bait should be tied to the hook with threads so that it does not fly off when casting. The sturgeon is attracted mainly by the smell of the bait.

Sturgeon is a strong fish, its bite is usually quick and sharp, but playing can be unpredictable. The sturgeon can jump out of the water, showing a "candle" or quickly swim to the fisherman, or it can go to the bottom and stop, creating the appearance of a hook. In any case, an adrenaline rush for the fisherman is guaranteed. Patience is important when playing. It is impossible to weaken the line too much, weak jerks of fish need to be extinguished with a rod, strong ones - with a correctly adjusted friction brake of the reel.

Winter fishing competitions are regularly held on Lake Baikal. There are plenty of similar, interesting places in Siberia and the Far East, you just need to choose a suitable place.

The following fish species are caught in the Far East:

40% herring.
100% crabs.
99% salmon.
90% flounder.
60% shellfish.

Fish species inhabiting Siberia and the Far East

Grayling

Grayling belongs to the salmon species and is the most common species inhabiting water bodies located closer to the northern latitudes. The largest number of this fish is found in the rivers of Siberia. He prefers rivers and lakes with clean water, while the water must be cold.

The most common individuals reach a weight of about 1 kilogram, although specimens weighing up to 3 kilograms come across. Despite this, a grayling weighing 6.8 kilograms was caught.

This fish is considered omnivorous because the diet includes midges, grasshoppers, flies, algae, molluscs, and insect larvae. If he comes across caviar of other types of fish on his way, he eats it.

He prefers to stay close to rifts, near huge stones, on rapids, etc., where anglers with tackle are waiting for him. Grayling is caught, both with an ordinary float rod, and with spinning or fly fishing. In the case of using various lures, you should give preference to small specimens. If you take a larger bait, you can catch a larger fish, although in this case you will have to wait much longer for a bite.

Belongs to the whitefish family, and is also a valuable industrial fish. This fish is found in any large river in Siberia. Fish is prized due to the presence in the meat of a sufficient amount of nutrients.

Muksun grows up to 75 cm in length and can gain weight up to 12 kilograms, although, in general, there are individuals weighing no more than 2 kilograms. Despite this, fishermen catch even more catchy specimens, weighing up to 7 kilograms. If a fisherman caught a fish weighing about 3 kilograms, then this is a great success for him. They catch this fish with nets, if there is no ban, since in some regions there is still a ban.

This fish does not need to be caught with nets, as muksun responds well to artificial baits such as flies.

Another fish that represents whitefish. The largest populations of this fish are observed in the Ob and Yenisei rivers. Fish prefers fresh waters more, although they can live and develop in semi-fresh waters. Cheer is also found in Kamchatka. As a rule, individuals come across, no more than half a meter long and weighing no more than 3 kilograms. Despite this, a fish was caught, weighing about 11 kilograms, which grew in length to 84 centimeters.

Basically, this fish is caught with nets, but it bites perfectly on a fishing rod or on a spinning rod. As bait, you can take both living objects, in the form of mollusks, insects and larvae, and artificial baits that imitate the movements of living objects in the water. Edible rubber baits are very popular.

This fish is a prominent representative of the carp family, and has a huge distribution, both in Europe and Siberia. Ide is considered an omnivorous fish, but prefers rivers or lakes with warmer water. Therefore, the main places where you can find ide are ponds, lakes and rivers, but not mountainous ones, where the water is cold and clean.

The ide grows up to half a meter in length, with a weight of about 3 kilograms, although individuals weighing up to 9 kilograms were found in some rivers of Siberia. Ide is caught on ordinary float gear or spinning rods equipped with artificial catching lures.

The most favorable time for catching it is the onset of darkness. It is also caught on ordinary worms.

This fish is also a representative of whitefishes, but the largest of them. Prefers rivers and river basins located closer to the Arctic Ocean, as well as water bodies of Siberia.

On average, there are individuals weighing about 10 kilograms, and nelma grows up to 50 kilograms. Differs in unsurpassed taste characteristics. Thanks to such taste data, this species is caught very intensively, therefore, in some regions of Siberia, it is prohibited to catch it.

It is almost impossible to catch this fish on spinning, therefore it is caught industrially.

Another representative of whitefishes, the largest populations of which are recorded in Lake Baikal.

The omul grows to a small size and can weigh no more than 8 kilograms. Omul is caught all year round, both from the shore and from a boat. He takes small baits, which are distinguished by bright colors. Quite often, it is caught with an ordinary fish, for meat or just for foam rubber. In winter, this fish can be up to 200 meters deep, which requires special gear. Therefore, winter fishing for omul is fraught with serious difficulties.

Pyzhyan is found in various reservoirs of Siberia. It grows in length up to 0.8 meters and can reach a weight of about 5 kilograms. This fish is caught on hook nets or seines. Amateur anglers use common gear and lures. The diet of this fish includes insects and their larvae, as well as molluscs.

This fish prefers rivers that are closer to the North. Most of this fish is found in such large rivers as the Lena, Yenisei, Ob, etc. Occasionally, but you can find specimens more than a meter long and weighing almost 100 kilograms. It is better to catch this fish in spring and summer with the help of seines.

This is a fish that belongs to the salmon species and which prefers freshwater bodies. Lenok is widespread in Siberia and the Far East. Prefers to stay on the rifts, as well as in mountain rivers. Lenok is considered exclusively a predatory fish that feeds on such living organisms as flies, molluscs, insects, worms, etc. Lenok is caught exclusively on spinning, using various spinners, wobblers or flies for effective fishing.

This salmon species is listed in the Red Book. It is forbidden to catch taimen in almost all bodies of water. Likes to be in fresh but cold water. He does not go out to sea. It can grow up to 2 meters in length and weigh about 80 kilograms.

Pike is a predatory fish that inhabits almost all water bodies of Russia and Siberia, as well as the Far East is no exception. Individual specimens weighing up to 35 kilograms and more than 1 meter long are not uncommon here. The most productive periods for pike hunting are spring and autumn. Pike is caught mainly on spinning, using various artificial lures.

Yelets prefers reservoirs with flowing and crystal clear water. It is caught on ordinary float rods. As a hook attachment, you can take a worm, maggot, bloodworm, ordinary bread or cereal.

Burbot is the only cod species that prefers fresh water. It is most widespread in places that are close to the Arctic Ocean. In addition, it is found in almost all taiga zones. Mostly individuals weighing no more than 1 kg are caught on the hook, although there are individual specimens weighing up to 25 kilograms.

Burbot is more active in cold periods, and it spawns exclusively in winter, in severe frosts. Since burbot also belongs to predatory fish species, it is better to catch it with animal baits.

This is the only representative of the Chukuchanov family that can be found in the reservoirs of Siberia and the Far East. Chukuchan is also a predatory fish and prefers baits of animal origin more. Therefore, it is better to catch it with mollusks, worms, insects and their larvae.

Chebak

This is a representative of the carp family. Distributed throughout Siberia and the Urals. Although the fish is not large, mostly there are individuals weighing about 3 kilograms. Chebak does not refuse either animal or plant food, therefore, you can catch him with any type of bait, but he is caught with an ordinary float rod.

Peculiarities

The most important feature of fishing in these places is the dispersal of reservoirs over a large area, which is not so easy to get to without special transport. An equally important feature is the current prohibitions on catching certain fish species that are listed in the Red Book. Therefore, fishing in Siberia and the Far East is fraught with some difficulties. In this regard, there is nothing to do here alone, especially without special permission.

The advantage of fishing in these places is that there are simply a huge number of fish species. Free fishing is allowed in most bodies of water. Despite this, there are already plots where the territory is either privatized or leased. To get to such a territory for the sake of fishing, you will have to pay a lot of money.

Fishing in the Far East is especially relevant in the autumn, when grayling is caught. During this period, a huge number of fishermen come here.

The most interesting place is the Ob River, as well as a pond in the immediate vicinity of the village of Razdolnoye. Here you can fish under a license with a limited amount of fish caught. An equally interesting place is Tennis Lake.

No less interesting places await anglers on the reservoirs of the Tomsk and Omsk regions. In the Far East, fishermen choose the Sea of Japan and Okhotsk, as well as the Peter the Great Bay, the tributaries of the Kolyma and Indigirka. These places are considered one of the most interesting in terms of fishing. Here you can catch pollock, lenok, taimen, char, grayling and other types of fish.

In other words, Siberia and the Far East are a real paradise for anglers.

Muksun has not only an unforgettable taste, but also a unique smell, unusual for fish. All this is due to the unique chemical composition of the meat. It is a unique source of energy for athletes, and is allowed even for people with kidney problems.

Muksun has not only an unforgettable taste, but also a unique smell, unusual for fish.

The rich salmon family contains many valuable fish species. One of them is muksun, which belongs to the genus whitefish and is valued most of all among its relatives.

The fish has a fusiform appearance: the body is elongated, with flat sides. The color of the body is not uniform: the back is darker, the sides have silvery overflows, and the belly is the lightest part.

The tail and head are somewhat raised; in adults, a hump is clearly visible. The head has a blunt shape, the mouth is located below, equipped with a protruding lower jaw. The average weight of a valuable representative of whitefish ranges from 1 to 2 kg. Individuals of 3-4 kg are considered large, and some specimens can grow up to 12 kg. The average body length is 75 cm. The life span ranges from 16 to 25 years.

Muksun's diet is varied, but seasonal. In warm seasons, the valuable waterfowl feeds on mollusks, underwater midges, fry, larvae, caviar and crustaceans, of which there are many on the coastal bottom. A specific oral apparatus helps to raise food from the bottom of the fish. In winter, with a shortage of large crustaceans, small but nutritious zooplankton are eaten. Fish filters such microscopic food with gills.

The ichthyofauna of northern waters is proud of such representatives as white fish, nelma and muksun. All these unique and valuable breeds are distinguished by tender fatty meat and amazing taste. They belong to the same families and genera, therefore they are similar in appearance. Muksun and nelma differ in size: nelma is the largest relative of whitefishes, reaching a length of up to 1.5 m. In muksun, the body rises sharply above the head, and in nelma, the head more smoothly passes into the carcass.

Like many northern inhabitants, muksun has a lot of fat. But this fat is very healthy and easy to digest. Whitefish meat contains many useful amino acids, unsaturated fats and trace elements. The delicacy contains bromine, copper, zinc, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, fluorine, vitamin PP and arachidonic acid. Surprisingly, this fish has a delicate aroma of fresh cucumber. This unusual smell is due to the presence of specific proteins.

Whitefish meat contains many useful amino acids, unsaturated fats and trace elements

Gallery: muksun fish (25 photos)

Muksun banned (video)

Muxun habitats

Muksun is a freshwater fish of the north. Although she lives in the ocean, she does not swim far from the coast. Love for unsalted water determines the places where delicious fish is found. It lives in the Arctic Ocean, adhering to freshened areas, near the confluence of rivers. Selects the largest Siberian rivers: Lena, Yenisei, Ob, Irtysh, Kolyma, Karu. It can also live in fresh northern lakes. The lake variety has a golden hue.

Like many northern inhabitants, muksun has a lot of fat.

In the ocean, muksun accumulates fat and strength, and floats into rivers for spawning. Semi-anadromous fish migrate far upstream of the rivers in the deltas of which they live. The valuable whitefish begins to move for spawning in the spring, when the ice from the rivers has completely disappeared. But it reaches the spawning grounds only in autumn. Spawning begins in September, when the first ice appears on the northern rivers. Spawning ends in November, when the water temperature drops sharply. After spawning, the fish return to their usual habitats for fattening and accumulation of strength.

The fish lays eggs in the places of river rifts, the bottom is taken out of the pebbles. In one spawning, the female lays from 40 to 60 thousand caviar eggs. The number of eggs depends on the size of the animal. Muksun does not spawn every year, but does it every 4-5 years. The caviar laid on the bottom ripens for almost six months. The fry hatch in mid-spring and migrate downriver.

Why muksun is useful (video)

How to catch a northern delicacy

The main fishing begins in winter when the fish finishes spawning. In those places in Siberia, where the population of valuable waterfowl is limited or is rapidly declining, the catch of muksun is prohibited. Where permitted, it is caught on an industrial scale using nets. Such fishing requires a special permit and license. Sometimes catches reach several thousand tons.

Therefore, muksun is considered one of the main and valuable commercial fish of the northern reservoirs of Siberia.

In winter, sport fishing is legal. For solo fishing, it is better to use fishing rods with a fly bait. The fish feeds on small crustaceans and aquatic insects, so the bait should mimic natural food. It's okay if the bait turns out to be more colorful and bright than the original - the fish likes it. It is recommended that the colors of the bait have warm colors: red, yellow, orange.

It is better to use several baits at once, which differ from each other in appearance. This is due to the fact that at different times of the year the waterfowl has different food preferences. Also, in different geographical locations, fish can also have their own gastronomic preferences. For maximum effect, experienced fishermen recommend impregnating the bait with anise oil.

Northern fish prefers to eat in the early morning and late evening. Therefore, it is preferable to go fishing at dusk. In the summer, northern whitefish can be attracted by congestion of midges. To do this, in the dark, you need to turn on a bright lantern above the water, to the light of which insects will fly. When fishing with a fishing rod, it is better not to use a float - the fish does not like it and can break the line.