In which year they changed the calendar. The transition to the Gregorian calendar in Russia is good or bad. What calendars and how long used

As in other Christian countries, from the end of the century, the Julian calendar was used in Russia, based on observations of the visible movement of the sun in the sky. His introduced B. Ancient Rome Guy Julius Caesar in 46 BC e.

The calendar developed Alexandrian astronomer was coin on the basis of the calendar of ancient Egypt. When Russia accepted Christianity in the beginning of the century, and the Julian calendar came with him. However, the average duration of the year in the Julian calendar is 365 days and 6 hours (ie, 365 days, and an additional day is added to every fourth year). While the duration of astronomical sunny year equal to 365 days 5 o'clock 48 minutes and 46 seconds. That is, the Julian year was longer than astronomical for 11 minutes 14 seconds and, therefore, lagged behind the real shift of years.

By 1582, the difference between the Julian calendar and the real shift was already 10 days.

This led to a calendar reform, which was implemented in 1582 by a special commission created by the Roman dad Gregory XIII. The difference was liquidated when after October 4, 1582 it was prescribed not to be considered not 5, but at once on October 15. By the name of the Pope, the reformed calendar began to be called the Gregorian.

In this calendar, in contrast to Julian, the final year of the century, if it is not divided by 400, is not a leap. Thus, the Gregorian calendar has in each four-hundredth anniversary of 3 leap years less than Julian. The Grigorian calendar retained the name of the Julian calendar months, an extra day in the leap year - February 29 and the beginning of the year - January 1.

The transition of the countries of the world to the Gregorian calendar was long. At first, the reform was held in Catholic countries (Spain, Italian states, a compulcular speech, a little later in France, etc.), then in Protestant (in Prussia in 1610, in all German states by 1700, in Denmark in 1700, in the UK In 1752, in Sweden in 1753). And only in the 19th century of centuries, the Grigorian calendar was adopted in some Asian (in Japan in 1873, China in 1911, Turkey in 1925) and Orthodox (in Bulgaria in 1916, in Serbia in 1919, in Greece in 1924 year) states.

In the RSFSR, the transition to the Gregorian calendar was carried out on the decree of the Soviet University of the RSFSR "On the introduction of the Western European calendar in the Russian Republic" of February 6, 1918 (January 26, on the old style).

The calendar problem in Russia was discussed repeatedly. In 1899, a commission on the reform of the calendar in Russia worked under the astronomical society, which included Dmitry Mendeleev and the historian Vasily Bolotov. The Commission offered to modernize the Julian calendar.

"Taking into account: 1) In 1830, the petition of the Imperial Academy of Sciences on the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in Russia was rejected by the emperor Nikolai I and 2) that the Orthodox states and the Orthodox population of the East and the West were rejected by representatives of Catholicism to introduce the Gregory Calendar in Russia, the Commission Unanimously decided to reject all proposals for the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in Russia and, without embossing the choice of reform, to dwell on the one that would combine the idea of \u200b\u200btruth and possible accuracy, both scientific and historical, as well as Christian Churching in Russia, "said RESOLUTION OF THE COMMISSION ON THE REFORM OF CALENDER IN RUSSIA OF 1900.

So long use In Russia, the Julian calendar was due to the position of the Orthodox Church, which treated the Gregorian calendar negatively.

After the Church was separated from the state in the RSFSR, the binding of a civil calendar to church has lost its relevance.

The difference in calendars created inconvenience when relations with Europe, which was the cause of the adoption of the decree "in order to establish in Russia the same in almost all cultural peoples of the calculus of time."

The question of reform was raised in the fall of 1917. One of the projects under consideration suggested a gradual transition from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian, every year swinging through the day. But, since the difference between calendars by that time was 13 days, the transition would take 13 years. Therefore, Lenin supported the option of a simultaneous transition to a new style. The church to go to the new style refused.

"The first day after January 31 of this year is not considered the 1st of February, and on February 14, the second day is to consider the 15th, etc.," the first point of the decree says. In the remaining items, it was indicated how to calculate new deadlines for the execution of any obligations and in what numbers citizens will be able to get a salary.

Change of dates created confusion with christmas celebration. Before moving to the Gregorian calendar in Russia, Christmas was celebrated on December 25, now it moved on January 7. As a result of these changes, in 1918, Christmas in Russia was not at all. In 1917, they met the last Christmas, which was on December 25th. And next time orthodox holiday celebrated January 7, 1919.

What day of September should be celebrated by the New Mountain, if we live in the XXI century? When in terms of our time, the Avvakum Protopop and Boyruyna Morozova were born, when he was pressed to the Lord St. Kiril Belozersky? How to recount the dates of Russian and Western European history, if Russia lived until 1918 julian calendar? The answers to these and other issues served this article.

*******

Julian calendarDeveloped by a group of Alexandrian astronomers led by the cooler was introduced Julia Caesar. From January 1, 45 years BC e. The year for the Julian calendar began on January 1, since it was on this day from 153 to n. e. The consuls elected by the People's Assembly took office.

Julian calendar developed by a group of Alexandrian astronomers led by a cooler

IN Kievan Rus Julian calendar appeared in times Vladimir Svyatoslavovich With the beginning of the introduction of Christianity. So, in the "Tale of Bygone Years" used the Julian calendar with the Roman names of the months and the Byzantine era. The chores conducted from the creation of the world, taking as a basis of 5508 BC. e. - Byzantine version of this date. The beginning of the new year decided to calculate from March 1, in accordance with the ancient Slavic calendar.

Julian calendar, replacing the old Roman calendar, in Kievan Rus was known as the "peacekeeping circle", "Church Circle", Indict and "Great Indiction".

"The World Circle"

The celebration of the Church New Weather, when the year begins on September 1, was established by the Holy Fathers of the First Ecumenical Cathedral, which determined the calculation of the church year from this day. In Russia, in times Ivan III In 1492, the prevalence of the September style, who osned Martovsky, became the beginning of the year, was postponed to September 1. The corresponders of some chronicles took into account transitions to new style styles and made amendments to the chronicles. This is explained by the fact that the chronology in different chronicles may differ for one or two years. In modern Russia, the Julian calendar is usually called old style.

Currently, the Julian calendar is used by some local Orthodox Churches: Jerusalem, Russian, Serbian, Georgian. In 2014, Polish returned to the Julian calendar orthodox Church. The Julian calendar adheres to some monasteries and parishes and in other European countries, as well as in the United States, monasteries and other institutions of Athos, Greek oldarkets and other old-stand trucks who have not adopted the transition to the Novojulian calendar in the Elalad Church and other churches in the 1920s.

In a number of countries, where, before the beginning of the 20th century, the Julian calendar was used, as, for example, in Greece - Dates historical eventsWhat happened before moving to a new style continues to nominally celebrate in the same numbers in which they occurred in the Julian calendar. So, all the Orthodox Churches who took the new calendar, except for the Finnish Church, still calculate the day of the Easter celebration and holidays, the dates of which depend on the date of Easter, according to the Julian calendar.

In the XVI century in the West, astronomical calculations were made, as a result of which it was stated that the Julian calendar was true, although there are some errors in it - so every 128 years accumulates an extra day.

At the time of the introduction of the Julian calendar, the Day of Spring Equinox was coming on March 21, both on the accepted calendar system and in fact. But by the XVI century, the difference between the solar and Julian calendar was already about ten days. As a result, the Day of Spring Equinox had no longer on the 21st, but on March 11.

Because of this, for example, Christmas, originally almost coincided with the winter solst flow, gradually shifts towards the spring. The most noticeable difference in the spring and autumn near the days of the equinox, when the rate of change in the duration of the day and the position of the Sun is maximum. Astronomers took into account these errors, and October 4, 1582 Pope Gregory XIII Entered the general cable calendar for all Western Europe. Preparation of reform at the direction of Gregory XIII carried out astronomers Christopher Keaps and Aloings Lilies. The results of their labor were recorded in Papal Bulle, signed by Pontiff at the Mondragon Villa and named at the first line of Inter Gravissimas ("among the most important"). So the Julian calendar was replaced by gregorian.

The next day after the fourth of October in 1582 was not the fifth, and the fifteenth of October. However, in the following, 1583, the Cathedral of the Oriental Patriarchs in Constantinople condemned not only the Gregorian Easter, but also the entire Gregory Monasses, anathematizing all followers of these Latin innovations. In Sygilion, the patriarch and synodal, approved by three Eastern patriarchs - Jeremiah Konstantinopolsky, Sylvester Alexandria and Sofronie Jerusalemsky, was noted:

Whoever does not follow the customs of the church and how they ordered the seven saints Ecumenical Councils About the Holy Easter and Personalone and Good Followed by us to follow, and wishes to follow the Gregorian Easter and Personalone, the one, as well-minded astronomers, counteracts all the definitions of the Saints Cathedrals and wants to change it or weaken, - yes there will be anaathema, - late from the Church of Christ and Assembly loyal.

This decision was further confirmed by Constantinople Cathedrals of 1587 and 1593. At the meetings of the Commission of the Russian Astronomical Society in 1899 on the issue of reform of the calendar, Professor V. V. Bolotov said:

The Grigorian reform does not have no justification for himself, but even apologies ... The Nicene Cathedral did not decide anything like that. The abolition of Julian style in Russia, I find it undesirable. I still remain a decisive admirer of the Yuliansky calendar. Its emergency simplicity is its scientific advantage over every other calendar corrected. I think that the cultural mission of Russia on this issue is to keep the Julian calendar in the life of the Julian calendar in life and to ease for Western peoples to return from the Nickname of Gregorian reform to unspoiled old style.

Protestant countries refused to Julian calendar gradually, during the XVII-XVIII centuries, the latest were the UK and Sweden. Often the transition to the Gregorian calendar was accompanied by serious riots, rebellion and even murders. Now the Gregorian calendar is officially adopted in all countries, except Thailand and Ethiopia. In Russia, the Grigorian calendar was introduced by a decree of January 26, 1918, according to which he follows on February 14 in 1918 after January 31.

The difference between the dates of the Julian and Grigorian calendar is constantly increasing due to different rules The definitions of leap years: in Julian calendar, all the years are all the years, multiple 4, whereas in the Grigorian years, a multiple 100 and not multiple 400, the leaps are not.

Earlier dates are indicated in accordance with the proleptic calendar, which is used to designate earlier dates than the date of the calendar. In countries where the Julian calendar was adopted, dates up to 46 to n. e. They are indicated by the proleptic Julian calendar, and where it was not there, - according to the proleptic Grigorian.

In the XVIII century, the Julian calendar lagged behind Gregoryan for 11 days, in the nineteenth century - for 12 days, in the twentieth century - at 13. In the twentieth century, the difference in 13 days is preserved. In the XXII century, Julian and Grigorian calendars are already afraid of 14 days.

The Orthodox Church of Russia enjoys Julian calendar and celebrates Christmas and others church holidays According to the Julian calendar, following the decisions of the Universal Councils, and Catholics - in the Gregorian. However, the Grigorian calendar violates the sequence of many biblical events and leads to canonical violations: so, the apostolic rules do not allow the celebration of the Holy Easter Earlier Easter Judaian. Due to the fact that the Julian and Gregorian calendars increase the difference in dates, Orthodox churches that the Julian calendar use will celebrate Christmas from 2101, not January 7, as it happens now, and January 8, and from 9901, the celebration It will happen on March 8. In the liturgical calendar, the date will still correspond on December 25th.

We give a table to calculate the difference between the dates of the Julian and Gregorian calendar:

Difference, days	Period (by Julian calendar)	Period (in the Gregorian calendar)
10	October 5, 1582 - February 29, 1700	October 15, 1582 - March 11, 1700
11	March 1, 1700 - February 29, 1800	March 12, 1700 - March 12, 1800
12	March 1, 1800 - February 29, 1900	March 13, 1800 - March 13, 1900
13	March 1, 1900 - February 29 2100	March 14, 1900 - March 14, 2100
14	March 1, 2100 - February 29, 2200	March 15 2100 - March 15 2200
15	March 1, 2200 - February 29 2300	March 16, 2200 - 16 March 2300

In accordance with the generally accepted rule, the dates that came to the interval between 1582 and the moment of adopting the Gregorian calendar in the country are indicated both by the old and in a new style. In this case, the new style is indicated in brackets.

For example, Christmas is celebrated in Russia on December 25 (January 7), where December 25 is the date for the Julian calendar (according to the old style), and on January 7 - the date of the Gregorian calendar (according to a new style).

Consider detailed example. The priest and confessor Protopop Avvakum Petrov was executed on April 14, 1682. According to the table, we find a time segment that is suitable for this year is the very first line. Difference days between Julian and grigorian calendar In this time interval was 10 days. The date on April 14 here is indicated by the old style, and to calculate the date on a new style for the XVII century - add 10 days, it turns out, April 24 - on a new style for 1682. But to calculate the date of the new style for our, the XXI century, it is necessary to add no 10 style to the date for the old style, and 13 days - so it will be the date on April 27.

Christmas is the most fabulous, most magic holiday. A holiday that promises a miracle. The most long-awaited holiday of the year. Christmas is most importantly new year. So in the West, it was both in Russia before the revolution. It is Christmas - the very warm family holiday with a mandatory Christmas tree and expectation of gifts from Santa Claus or Santa Claus.

So why is Christians today two christmas? Why do Orthodox celebrate Christmas on January 7, and Catholics and Protestants on December 25?

And the point here is not at all in religious discrepancies, but only in the calendar. Initially, the Julian calendar existed in Europe. This calendar appeared before our era and was generally accepted until the XVI century. Julian calendar was named after Julia Caesar, who introduced this calendar in 45 BC. Instence an outdated Roman calendar. The Julian calendar was developed by a group of Alexandrian astronomers led by a cooler. Creed - Alexandrian scientist, a scientist from the same Alexandria, which was located on the Egyptian lands. In Rome, he was invited to Caesar to develop a calendar. Also known for his philosophical treatises, for example, a comment on the Treatise of Aristotle "De Caelo". That's just his philosophical work to this day have not been preserved.

The Julian calendar was developed on the basis of ancient Egyptian knowledge of astronomy. In Julian calendar, the year begins on January 1, since it was on this day in ancient Rome a newly elected consuls entered. The year consisted of 365 days and shared for 12 months. Once every four years there was a leap year to which one day was added - February 29. But the calendar was not quite accurate. Every 128 years accumulated one extra day. And Christmas, which in the Middle Ages was celebrated in Western Europe Almost in the days of the winter solstice, it became gradually moving closer and closer to the spring. Shifted and the day of the spring equinox, according to which the date of Easter was determined.

And then the Roman dads came to understand that the calendar is not accurate and it must be improved. Pope, who spent the calendar reform, became Grigory XIII. It was in honor of him a new calendar and was named Gregoryan. Until Gregory Xiii attempts to change the calendar took Pope Pavel III and Pei IV, but their attempts were not successful. New, Grigorian, calendar was introduced on October 4, 1582. The development of the calendar on behalf of the Pope was engaged in astronomers Christopher Key and Aloisia Lilius. After the introduction of a new calendar in 1582, for the date of October 4, Thursday immediately followed the new date - October 15 Friday. It was so much Julian calendar by that time lagged behind the Gregorian.

The Grigorian calendar consists of 365 days per year, the leap year has 366 days. But at the same time, the calculation of leap years has become more perfect. So the leap year is a year, the number of which is Kathen 4. The years of multiple 100 are a leap, subject to their division at 400. Thus, 2000 was a leap, 1600 was a leap, and 1800 or 1900 year, for example, the leaps were not. An error in one day is now accumulated over 10,000 years, in Juliansky - for 128 years.

With each century, the difference in the days between the Grigorian and Julian calendar increases exactly for one day.

By 1582, the initially unified Christian church was already split into two parts - Orthodox and Catholic. In 1583, Pope Gregory Xiii, chapter catholic church, I sent the Embassy to the head of the Orthodox Church, Patriarch Constantinople of Jeremiah II, with a proposal to also go to the Gregorian calendar, but he refused.

So it turned out that Catholics and Protestants celebrate Christmas on December 25 in the New Gregorian calendar, and the Orthodox - Russian, Jerusalem, Serbian, Georgian Orthodox Churches and Athos - according to the old Julian calendar and also on December 25, but which is true in the modern Gregorian calendar falls on Jan. 7.

Konstantinople, Antioch, Alexandrian, Cyprus, Bulgarian, Romanian, Eleladskaya and some other Orthodox churches adopted the Novyulian calendar, which is similar to the Gregorian calendar, and also as Catholics celebrate Christmas on December 25.

By the way, in the Russian Orthodox Church, there were also attempts to switch to a similar to the Gregorian Novoyulian calendar. On October 15, 1923, he was introduced in the Russian Orthodox Church by Patriarch Tikhon. This innovation was taken by Moscow parishes, but in the church itself caused disagreement and on November 8, 1923 by the decree of Patriarch Tikhon "was temporarily postponed."

IN Russian Empire Also in the XIX, and at the beginning of the twentieth centuries, the summer, unlike Europe, was conducted on the Julian calendar. The Grigorian calendar was introduced only after the revolution in 1918 by decree of the Council. Then such names appeared as " old style"- Julian calendar and" New Style "- Grigorian calendar. Christmas began to celebrate after the new year. And besides the new year, the old one appeared New YearIn general, the same new year, but in the old Yulian calendar.

Here is such a calendar story. Merry Christmas, and, perhaps and Christmas, and New Year, or new years. Happy holidays you!

- the system for the number of large periods of time, based on frequency visible movements Heavenly bodies.

The most common solar calendar, which is based on a sunny (tropical) year - a period of time between two consecutive passing of the center of the Sun through the spring equinox.

The tropical year is approximately 365,2422 average sunny day.

The sunny calendar includes the Julian calendar, the Grigorian calendar and some others.

A modern calendar is called Gregorian (new style), he was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and replaced the Julian calendar (old style), which was used from 45th century to our era.

The Grigorian calendar is a further refinement of the Julian calendar.

In the Julian calendar proposed by Julia Caesar, the average duration of the year in the interval of four years was equal to 365.25 days, which is 11 minutes 14 seconds longer than the tropical year. Over time, the occurrence of seasonal phenomena for the Julian calendar has accounted for increasingly early dates. Especially strong discontent caused a constant displacement of the date of Easter associated with the Spring Equinox. In 325, the Nicene Cathedral issued a decree on the Unified Date Easter for the entire Christian Church.

In subsequent century, many proposals for the improvement of the calendar were made. The proposals of the Neapolitan astronomer and the doctor Aliasis Lily (Liuigi Lilio Dzhiraldi) and the Bavarian Jesuit Christopher Kelya were approved by Pope Gregory XIII. He published on February 24, 1582 Bulla (message), introducing two important additions to the Julian calendar: from the calendar of 1582, 10 days were withdrawn - after October 4 immediately followed October 15. This measure allowed to keep March 21 as a date of spring equinox. In addition, three out of every four century years should be considered ordinary and only those that are divided by 400 - leaps.

1582 was the first year of the Gregorian calendar, called new style.

Gregory Calendar B. different countries was introduced at different times. The first in 1582 to the new style passed Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland, France, Holland and Luxembourg. Then in the 1580s, it was introduced in Austria, Switzerland, Hungary. In the XVIII century, the Gregorian calendar began to be used in Germany, Norway, Denmark, Great Britain, Sweden and Finland, in the XIX century - in Japan. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Grigorian calendar was introduced in China, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Greece, Turkey and Egypt.

In Russia, together with the adoption of Christianity (X century), the Julian calendar was established. Since the new religion was borrowed from Byzantium, the account was conducted at the Constantinople era "from the creation of the world" (5508 years before N. e.). By the Decree of Peter I in 1700, European Souluscripts were introduced in Russia - "from the Nativity of Christ".

December 19, 7208 from the creation of the world, when a reformation decree was issued, in Europe corresponded to December 29, 1699 from the Nativity of Christ in the Gregorian calendar.

At the same time, the Julian calendar was preserved in Russia. The Grigorian calendar was introduced after the October Revolution of 1917 - from February 14, 1918. The Russian Orthodox Church, while maintaining tradition, lives in the Julian calendar.

The difference between old and new styles is 11 days for the XVIII century, 12 days for the XIX century, 13 days for the XX and XXI centuries, 14 days for the XXII century.

Although the Gregorian calendar is quite consistent with natural phenomena, it is also not absolutely accurate. The length of the year in the Greorian calendar for 26 seconds is longer than the tropical year and accumulates a mistake - 0.0003 days per year, which is three days for 10 thousand years. The Gregorian calendar also does not take into account the slowdown in the rotation of the Earth, extending the day by 0.6 seconds in 100 years.

The modern structure of the Gregorian calendar also does not fully comply with the needs. public Life. The main among its disadvantages is the variability of the number of days and weeks in months, quarters and half a year.

There are four main problems of the Gregorian calendar:

- Theoretically civilian (calendar) year must have the same duration as an astronomical (tropical) year. However, this is impossible, since the tropical year does not contain an integer day. Due to the need from time to time to add additional day per year, there are two types of years - ordinary and leaps. Since the year can begin with any day of the week, it gives seven types of ordinary and seven types of leap years - only 14 types of years. For their full playback, you need to wait for 28 years.

- Duration of months is different: they may contain from 28 to 31 days, and this unevenness leads to certain difficulties in economic calculations and statistics. |

- neither ordinary nor leap years Do not contain an integer number of weeks. The half-year, quarters and months also do not contain a whole and equal number of weeks.

- From week to week, from month to month and from year to year the correspondence of dates and days of the week changes, so it is difficult to set the moments of various events.

In 1954 and in 1956, the projects of a new calendar were discussed at the sessions of the Economic and Social Council of the UN (ECOSOC), but the final decision of the issue was postponed.

In Russia State Duma It was offering to return in the country from January 1, 2008 by the Yulian calendar. Viktor Alksnis deputies, Sergey Baburin, Irina Savelyeva and Alexander Fomenko offered to establish the transition period from December 31, 2007, when, during 13 days, the summer will be carried out simultaneously in Julian and Gregorian calendars. In April 2008, the draft law was rejected by a majority vote.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources

Citizens of the Soviet country, going to sleep on January 31, 1918, woke up on February 14. Entered into force "Decree on the introduction in the Russian Republic of the Western European calendar." Bolshevik Russia moved to the so-called new, or civilian, the time calculus, which coincided with the Church Gregorian calendar, which was used in Europe. These changes did not touch our church: she continued to celebrate their holidays on the old, Julian calendar.

Calendar split between Western and Eastern Christians (believers began to celebrate the main holidays in different time) An occurred in the XVI century, when Pope Grigory XIII took another reform, replaced by Julian style to Gregorian. The purpose of the reform was to adjust the increasing difference between the Astronomical Year and the calendar.

The very idea of \u200b\u200bthe world revolution and internationalism Bolsheviks, of course, was not affected by the Pope and his calendar. As stated in the decree, the transition to Western, the Gregory style was made "in order to establish in Russia the same almost with all cultural peoples of the calculus of time" ... ". At one of the first meetings of the young soviet government In early 1918, two draft reform projects were considered. The first suggested a gradual transition to the Gregorian calendar, each year discarding 24 hours. It would take about 13 years. The second envisaged to do it in one fell. It was he who liked the leader of the world proletariat Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, surpassed the current ideologist of Multiculturism Angela Merkel in globalistic projects.

Competent

Historian religion Alexey Yudin - about how christian churches Celebrate Christmas:

First, immediately bring clarity: say that someone celebrates December 25, and someone January 7 is incorrect. All celebrate Christmas 25th, but in different calendars. In the next hundred years, from my point of view, no unification of the celebration of Christmas wait.

The old Julian calendar, adopted at Yulia Cesar, lagged from astronomical time. The reform of Pope Gregory XIII, which, from the very beginning, was called the papistan, was extremely negatively perceived in Europe, especially in Protestant countries, where the reformation was already firmly established. Protestants were against primarily because "this is conceived in Rome." And this city in the XVI century was no longer the center of Christian Europe.

Red Army women on the Saturday carry church property from Simonov Monastery (1925). Photo: Wikipedia.org.

The reform of the calendar, if desired, of course, can be called a split, bearing in mind that the Christian world has already split not only on the principle of "East-West", but also inside the West.

Therefore, the Grigorian calendar was perceived as Roman, papistan, and therefore unsuitable. Gradually, however, the Protestant countries accepted it, but the process of the transition occupied centuries. So there were cases in the West. East to reform Pope Grigory XIII did not pay attention.

The Soviet republic moved to a new style, but this, unfortunately, was associated with revolutionary events in Russia, no matter what Pope of Grigory XIII Bolsheviks, naturally, did not think, simply considered a new style most adequate to their worldview. And the Russian Orthodox Church has additional injury.

In 1923, at the initiative of the Constantinople Patriarch, a meeting of the Orthodox Churches was held, which was decided to correct the Julian calendar.

Representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, it is clear, could not go abroad. But Patriarch Tikhon still issued a decree on the transition to the "Novoyulian" calendar. However, it caused protests among believers, and the ruling was quickly canceled.

You see that there were several stages of finding a coincidence on calendar soil. But it did not lead to the final result. So far, in a serious church discussion, this question is generally absent.

Is the Church of the next split fear? Of course, some ultra-conservative groups inside the church will say: "betrayed the sacred time." Any church is a very conservative institute, especially with regard to everybody and liturgical practices. And they rest in the calendar. And the church-administrative resource in such matters is ineffective.

Every Christmas, Christ pops up the topic of transition to the Gregorian calendar. But this is a policy, a profitable media feed, PR, what you want. The church itself does not participate in this and reluctantly comments these questions.

Why does the Russian Orthodox Church use Julian calendar?

Father Vladimir (Vigilansky), abbot of the church of the Holy Martyr Tatiana at Moscow State University:

Orthodox churches can be divided into three categories: those that serve all church holidays in the New (Gregorian) calendar, those that serve only on the old (Julian) calendar, and those that mix styles: for example, in Greece Easter marks Old calendar, and all other holidays - in a new way. Our churches (Russian, Georgian, Jerusalem, Serbian and Afonov monasteries) never changed church calendar And they did not mix it with Gregorian, so that there was no confusion on the holidays. We have a single calendar system that is tied to Easter. If you go to the celebration, say, Christmas in the Gregorian calendar, then "eat" two weeks (remember, as in 1918, after January 31, it was February 14), every day which carries for orthodox man Special semantic significance.

The church lives in order, and in it many significant things may not coincide with secular priorities. For example, in church life there is a clear system of progressive time, which is tied to the Gospel. Every day, passages are read from this book, which is the logic associated with the evangelical history and the earthly life of Jesus Christ. This all lays a certain spiritual rhythm of the life of an Orthodox person. And those who use this calendar does not want and will not break it.

The believer person has a very ascetic life. The world can change, we see how the fellow citizens appear in our eyes, for example, for rest during the secular New Year holidays. But the church, as one of our rock performer sang, "will not be fed under the changeable world." Depend on ski resort Our church life we \u200b\u200bwill not.

The Bolsheviks introduced a new calendar "For the same time almost with all the cultural peoples of time calculus." Photo: Vladimir Lisin's publishing project "Days of 1917, 100 years ago"