Russian poets of the 18th-19th centuries who wrote comedies. Russian poets of the 18th century

Great Russian literature consists of a huge number of genres. One of the most interesting and most revealing is poetry. Famous poets of the 18th century had a significant impact on its development.

What is poetry?

it special kind art, quite complex and multifaceted. In world literature, poetry is of great importance. From ancient times to the present day, it exists in different areas life of people. Suffice it to recall how the people together sing funny songs at the holidays, the texts for which were created by the poets of the 18th century, 19th and 20th. During the war, poetic lines and corresponding melodies raised the patriotic spirit of the soldiers who fought for the Fatherland.

In the Middle Ages, the singing of serenades under the balconies of beautiful ladies was especially popular - in this way, men confessed their love feelings. Russian and foreign poets of the 18th century (including Robert Burns) created such delightful masterpieces that in the next century appeared fashion trend for noble gentlemen to recite poetry to their dear ladies.

Thanks to poetry, it is possible to convey emotions, feelings and mood of a person, his attitude to surrounding events. Lyrics, drama, a novel in verse and a poem stand out among the poetic works. All of them, unlike prose, have different ways of organizing artistic speech... Today, despite the changed rhythm of life, different tastes and preferences, poetry remains a faithful companion of man.

The time of the emergence of poetry in Russia

Russian poetry originated in the seventeenth century. Speaking about the famous, it is worth mentioning the name of Simeon Polotsky - the first poet, Russian professional poet. He owns solemn poems, which are rightly considered the prototype of the ode. Russian poets of the 18th century learned a lot from his most interesting works. Simeon Polotsky, being the main poet of his time, created two collections of syllabic poems. Another great merit of the poet is that he introduced Moscow to the art of drama by composing three plays in the spirit of the medieval mysteries. These plays were staged at the royal court.

Russian poetry of the 18th century

Russian poets of the 18th century used syllabic versification in their works. Thus, they continued the foundations and traditions laid down by Simeon of Polotsk. Starting from the middle of this century, syllabic versification was replaced by syllabo-tonic verse. The creators of the new poetic system were famous poets of the 18th century: Lomonosov M.V., Sumarokov A.P. and Trediakovsky V.K. Of the genres existing at that time, they preferred a laudatory ode. The great Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was no less a remarkable poet. Most often in his work, he used iambic. In his opinion, it was the iambic that gave the poem a special splendor and nobility. He suggested using all kinds of rhymes in poetry.

Russian poets of the 18th century. List

Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev.
Alexey Andreevich Rzhevsky.
Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov.
Anna Petrovna Bunina.
Anna Sergeevna Zhukova.
Andrey Andreevich Nartov.
Antioch Dmitrievich Cantemir.
Vasily Petrovich Petrov.
Vasily Vasilievich Popugaev.
Vasily Lvovich Pushkin.
Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin.
Gabriel Petrovich Kamenev.
Ermil Ivanovich Kostrov.
Ivan Semyonovich Barkov.
Ippolit Fedorovich Bogdanovich.
Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev.
Ivan Petrovich Pnin.
Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitser.
Ivan Mikhailovich Dolgoruky.
Ivan Perfilievich Elagin.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov.
Mikhail Ivanovich Popov.
Mikhail Matveevich Kheraskov.
Nikolay Nikitich Popovsky.
Nikolay Alexandrovich Lvov.
Pavel Pavlovich Ikosov.
Semyon Sergeevich Bobrov.
Sergey Nikiforovich Marine.
Yakov Borisovich Knyazhnin.

Fundamental differences between Russian poetry of the 18th century and ancient Russian literature

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in one phrase emphasized the new character of literature, which the poets of the 18th century brought with them. What were the cardinal differences between this century and the previous stages in the history of literature? First of all, the author's principle was completely absent in ancient Russian literature. A huge number of writers were nameless. Then there was literature impersonal, which corresponded to feudal ideology, and in this regard, ancient Russian literature resembles folklore, where the author's origin was also absent. There were great masters of their craft, but not artists with a bright and characteristic personality. During the Renaissance, the idea of personality emerged in the West. At this time, a new literature appeared, where the author's beginning came to the fore. In Russia, the idea of personality was born much later, in the great. Poets of the 18th century and their works marked the beginning of a new period. Russian literature has received dynamic and rapid development. In just 70 years, there have appeared such successes in literature, which in other countries have been won for centuries.

The first steps of Russian literature of modern times

A solid foundation was laid by three poets at once in one decade.

In 1729, from the pen of A.D. Kantemir came out the first satire, which opened a whole direction. In 1735 V.K. Trediakovsky sets the goal of creating a nationally distinctive literature and makes a reform of versification. The syllabo-tonic system proposed by the poet opened up the prospects for the development of Russian poetry. Its importance and wisdom, as well as its broad capabilities, have been confirmed. Until now, this system is used by contemporary artists.

In 1739 M.V. Lomonosov creates an ode "To the capture of Khotin", relying on the reform developed by Trediakovsky.

The great Russian poet M.V. Lomonosov, with his work, radically changed the appearance and nature of literature, its role and place in the cultural and public life country. Our literature has asserted its right to exist in poetic genres and "spoke" to the reader in a completely new language. This was achieved by the poets of the 18th century. The Russian poems of these creators are so magnificent that for a whole century poetry occupied a dominant position. It is thanks to her that prose, which has arisen since the 1760s and flourished in the 30s of the 19th century, is successfully perceived. Then, when they lived and created their unique creations A.S. Pushkin and N.V. Gogol. After that, prose will take its first place in literature.

Conclusion

Thus, the poets of the 18th century made a great contribution to the development of Russian poetry. They used syllabic versification in their works. Thus, they continued the foundations and traditions laid down by Simeon of Polotsk. The creators of the new poetic system were: M.V. Lomonosov, A.P. Sumarokov and V.K. Trediakovsky. Thanks to them, poetry dominated for a century. The poems of Russian poets of the 18th century are magnificent. They won the hearts of many readers.

RUSSIAN LITERATURE Xviii CENTURY

Prepared by Alena Khasanovna Borisova,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU Algasov Secondary School

Russian literature of the 15th and 3rd century developed under the influence of those great changes that the reforms of Peter I brought to the socio-political and cultural life of the country.

From the beginning of the XV I II century, the old Moscow Russia turns into Russian empire... Peter I introduced that new thing that he considered necessary for the state.

The second third of the 18th century is an important period in the development of Russian literature

Outstanding figures of Russian fiction appeared (theoreticians and writers); the whole is born and formed literary direction, that is, in the work of a number of writers one finds common, common for all their ideological and artistic features.

Literary directions Xviii century

The main focus was classicism

(from Latin classicus - exemplary).

Representatives of this trend proclaimed the highest image of artistic creativity Ancient Greece and Rome.

These works were recognized as classical, that is, exemplary, and writers were encouraged to imitate

them in order to create true works of art by themselves.

Artist, by thought

founders of classicism,

comprehends reality to

then display in your art

not a specific person with his

passions, and the type of person is a myth.

If this is a hero, then no flaws,

if the character is satirical, then it is completely funny.

Russian classicism was born and developed on a distinctive soil. It was distinguished by its satirical orientation and the choice of national and historical themes.

Russian classicism attached special importance to "high" genres: epic poem, tragedy, solemn ode.

Since the 70s of the XVIII century. a new direction appears in literature - sentimentalism

In the center of the image they put daily life common man... His personal emotional experiences. His feelings and moods.

With him, new genres appear: travel and a sensitive story. A special merit in the development of this genre belongs to N.M. Karamzin (the story “ Poor Lisa"," Letters of a Russian Traveler "). A new outlook on life invaded literature, a new narrative structure arose: the writer looked more closely at reality, portrayed it more truthfully.

Antioch Kamtemir (1708-1744)

January 1, 1732 A. Kantemir was appointed Russian ambassador to London. It was at this time that his literary talent flourished. He writes and translates a lot.

A. Kantemir also wrote a religious and philosophical work

"Letters about nature and man."

Greek monastery.

V. K. Trediakovsky (1703-1768)

Poet and philologist Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky was born in Astrakhan, in the family of a priest. Educated at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. In 1726 he fled abroad, to Holland, and later moved to France. At the Sorbonne he studied theology, mathematics and philosophy. In 1730 he returned to Russia, becoming one of the most educated people of his time and the first Russian academician. In the same year he published his first printed work - "Riding to the Island of Love", a translation of an old book by a French author. There were also poems by Trediakovsky himself. The publication immediately made him a famous, fashionable poet.

VK Trediakovsky, sincerely devoted to Russian literature, was the author of dozens of volumes of translations and a brilliant connoisseur of the theory of European poetry.

A. P. Sumarokov (1718-1777)

At the age of 13, AP Sumarokov was sent to the "knight academy" - the Land Gentry Corps. There were so many lovers of Russian literature that a "society" was even organized: in their free time the cadets read their works to each other. Sumarokov's talent also opened up, he became interested in French songs, and Russians began to compose them based on their model.

In the cadet corps, for the first time, the tragedies of A. P. Sumarokov "Khoreyev", "Hermit" (1757) were performed; "Yaropolk and Dimiza" (1758) and comedy. One of the best is The Guardian, staged in 1768.

Sumarokov rose to the rank of actual state councilor and became the most popular poet of his era. He also wrote philosophical and mathematical works.

M.V. Lomonosov (1711-1765)

Lomonosov was a genius son of the Russian people who passionately loved his country. It embodied the best features inherent in the Russian people.

The breadth, depth and variety of his scientific interests were striking. He was truly the father of the new Russian science and culture. The most remarkable thing about him was the combination of a scientist, a public figure and a poet.

He wrote odes, tragedies, lyric and satirical poems, fables, epigrams. Made a reform of versification, outlined the theory of three "calm"

G.R.Derzhavin (1743-1816)

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin was born in

Kazan in the family of an army officer. In childhood

he was frail, weak, but different

"An extraordinary penchant for science."

In 1759 Derzhavin nevertheless entered Kazan in

gymnasium. In 1762 G.R.Derzhavin entered

for military service.

After ten years of soldier's service G.R.

Derzhavin was promoted to officer.

In 1784 G.R.Derzhavin was appointed Olonets

governor. Not getting along with the governor of the region, he was

transferred by the governor to Tambov.

He wrote odes "Felitsa", "Monument" and many poems.

D. I. Fonvizin (1745-1792)

DI Fonvizin was born in Moscow on April 3, 1745. In 1762, Fonvizin graduated from the noble grammar school at Moscow University and entered the service of the College of Foreign Affairs.

Since 1769 he is one of the secretaries of Count N. I. Panin.

In the mid-60s of the 18th century. Fonvizin becomes a famous writer. The comedy "Brigadier" brought him fame. One of the most significant works of DI Fonvizin is the comedy "The Minor".

In 1782 he retired and decided to devote himself entirely to literature.

V last years life DI Fonvizin thought hard about the lofty duties of the Russian nobility.

A.N. Radishchev (1749-1802)

Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev was born in Moscow, spent his childhood in the Saratov estate. The richest landowners, the Radishchevs, owned thousands of serf souls.

During the uprising of Pugachev, the peasants did not give them away, they hid them in the yards, smeared with soot and dirt - they remembered that the owners were kind.

In his youth, A.N. Radishchev was a page of Catherine II. Together with other educated youths he was sent to Leipzig to study, and in 1771 22-year-old Radishchev returned to Russia and became a Senate recorder. On duty, he had to deal with a variety of court documents.

Based on the information received, he writes his famous work "Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow"

Results of the development of literature Xviii century

Throughout the 17th century, Russian

fiction has achieved significant success.

Literary trends appear, drama, epos, and lyrics develop

Children's works occupy an important place among other varieties of fiction, since in many ways they reflect the peculiarities of the culture of a particular people, the system of its values. Each culture has its own concepts of good and evil, right and wrong, beautiful and ugly, just and unjust. As a child, we absorb values that remain with us for life. The value of literature to children, therefore, should not be underestimated.

It should be noted characteristic feature children's books - a combination of artistry and pedagogical requirements. Such literature should not only entertain, but also teach, guide, and guide. Children's writers of the 18th century (and their works, of course) sought to convey to children important knowledge about the world, to instill the correct values.

Let's take two countries - Great Britain and Russia - and using the example of children's works created in these countries, we will make sure that this is really so. writers and their works are offered to your attention.

Children's literature in 18th century Great Britain

Each of us has favorite books from childhood: fairy tales "Alice in Wonderland", "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof", "Matilda", "Thumbelina", "Gulliver's Travels" and "Robinson Crusoe" (the list, of course , each has its own). But suppose that we would not grow up in the 21st century in Russia, but in the 18th century in England, what could we then read?

From the above list, we would only have the book "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe (1719) and "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift (1726) in a special version for children, written in a simplified language, with many pictures.

However, does this mean that in the 18th century, English children had nothing to read? Let's figure it out.

The fact is that fairy tales have always existed, and there has never been a shortage of them. Even when there was no written language, they were passed down from generation to generation in the form of folklore. But in the 17-18 centuries, with the development of book printing, more and more professional writers began to appear, in particular for children. Fairy tales, then, as now, delighted and frightened children, creating fantastic worlds that adults, absorbed in everyday worries, did not always approve of.

Here are just the main children's writers of the 18th century and their works.

"Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe

Let's go back to England in the 18th century. At that time, so to speak, the real "bestseller" was the work of Defoe. The book "Robinson Crusoe" praised the courage, resilience, resourcefulness of a person forced to exist in extreme conditions. The fairy tale by Jonathan Swift was also very popular, in which the author's call for the discovery of new dimensions and horizons is felt.

"Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift

The success of Gulliver's Travels even led to the emergence of other books for children, which clearly read the desire to imitate this work, with the words "Gulliver" and "Lilliputian" in the titles to evoke a well-known association. One early example is the 1751 children's Journal of the Lilliputians by John Newbury, a London-based writer. Another example is the "Library of the Lilliputians, or Gulliver's Museum" in ten volumes of a small format, published in Dublin in the 1780s. This book was produced especially for children, and its price was low so that children could buy it for themselves. The total cost of 10 volumes was only five British shillings, and individual pieces were available for purchase at sixpence each. However, even this relatively low price was still too high for many children and their parents. Only representatives of families with average and high level income could afford to buy such literature and were literate enough to read it.

Other books

Cheap books in the genre of popular literature existed already then and were available to segments of the population. They included children's stories, stories, travels, songs, prayer books, stories of robbers, robbers, and murderers. These volumes were of poor quality and sold for one or two pennies.

In 1712, a translation into English famous Arab fairy tales "One Thousand and One Nights".

As you can see, children's literature of that time was actively developing in England. And what happened on the territory of Russia? Read on for more details.

Russian books for children of the 18th century

In Russia, there are actually children's writers of the 18th century and their works (the first Russian books written specifically for children were created on the territory of our state in the 17th century, the 18th century continued this tradition).

The era of Peter I gave impetus to the development of education, in particular literature for children. The tsar himself believed that it was very important to take care of the upbringing of the younger generation. At this time, children's books are mainly pursuing an educational goal. Textbooks, alphabets and primers are being printed.

"Honest Mirror of Youth"

Writers of the 18th century (Russian) open the list of children's literature with an educational one. An example is "Youth honest mirror". This book described the rules of conduct at the court, which were introduced by Peter I with his reforms. This book was compiled by the tsar's associates on his personal decree. Gavrila Buzhinsky was at the head of the writers working on the work. in spelling, alphabet, writing. "Honest Mirror of Youth" was intended for the future elite, the support of the tsar - for children who were to become courtiers in the future. main idea that in achieving success, it is not the origin of a person that is more important, but his personal merits, although the special position of the nobility was emphasized. His vices were pointed out and criticized. For girls, a special code of twenty virtues was created, among which servility, silence, religiosity, and diligence should be especially noted. Writers of the 18th century (Russian) revealed the list of female virtues figuratively, using examples, creating vivid female images in their works.

Translated literature

In the eighteenth century, translated literature also spread, such as the fables of Aesop. These fables, written in the 6th century BC. NS. by the sage Aesop, are well perceived by children due to the opportunity to imagine themselves in the form of heroes - animals, birds, trees, flowers ... Aesop's fables give the opportunity to joke and play to overcome their vices and develop associative thinking.

After the 50s, the actual children's writers of the 18th century and their works began to appear. Still, the bulk of children's literature is borrowed from the West (especially from France). It should be noted, of course, the famous French storyteller of the 17th century Charles Perrault. His fairy tales "Cinderella", "Sleeping Beauty", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Blue Beard" are known and loved by children all over the world. Not only readers, but also poets and writers of the 18th century drew inspiration from these works.

18th century writers

The list opens This author wrote two books for children - "A Brief Russian History" and "The First Teaching to the Youth". In the preface to the second book, he noted that childhood is a very important time in the life of every person, since it is then that the main character traits and habits are formed. Children should read books and love them.

Catherine II

Not only professional poets and writers of the 18th century created children's books. Even the heads of state considered it their duty to educate young people on their own. A real example this was shown by Catherine II. She created a large number of works, among which there were books for children, for example "The Tale of Tsarevich Chlorus" and "The Tale of Tsarevich Thebes". Of course, they were far from fairy tales in the modern sense of the word, with their vivid characters and heroes. These works only portrayed vices and virtues in general, abstractly. However, the example of Catherine II turned out to be contagious, and many famous Russian writers of the 18th century followed it, creating works especially for children.

Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov

Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov also made an important contribution to the development of children's literature. He is the publisher of the first children's magazine, Children's Reading for Heart and Mind. It published works of different genres: fairy tales, stories, plays, jokes, etc. Not only fiction was presented in the magazine. It also contained popular science articles for children, telling young readers about nature, the world around them, various countries, and cities, and the peoples inhabiting them. These articles were written figuratively, interestingly, in the form of a conversation. Novikov in his works preached the ideas of goodness and humanism, human dignity, which, in his opinion, should be instilled in children from a young age. The magazine was a great success and was very popular at the time. 18th century were printed in this edition.

Nikolay Mikhalovich Karamzin

It is necessary to say a few words about Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. This writer has created and translated over 30 different works for children. As a representative of sentimentalism (which was followed by many Russian writers of the 18th century), so close to childish nature, he became especially beloved among young middle-aged and older readers. In 1789, Karamzin's first works were published in the journal Children's Reading for Heart and Mind. Nikolai Mikhailovich wrote for children even after the closure of this magazine. In the last decade of the 18th century, he created such works as "The Beautiful Princess" and "Ilya Muromets". Russian epics are reflected in the last tale. This piece was never finished. Ilya Muromets, created by the author's pen, was not at all like a typical hero from epics, as we usually imagine him, but only partially resembled the latter. The fairy tale does not describe battles with the enemies of Russia, it reveals the lyrical part of the soul of Ilya Muromets in communication with his beloved. In the spirit of sentimentalism, Karamzin depicted in detail the feelings of the heroes, creating vivid pictures.

Conclusion

Thus, the 18th century brought a lot of new things to children's literature both abroad and in our country. Literature for children actively continued its development in the 19th and then in the 20th century. Moreover, continuity is clearly felt in its development. For example, the tales of Charles Perrault in different options were used later by Andersen, Pushkin, the brothers Grimm, Irving. That is, the motives of some fairy tales perfectly took root in others. The works of Russian writers of the 18th century were read in the 19th and later. The 19th century children's literature is characterized by an even greater connection with fiction for adults, as well as education and culture in general.

in 4 variants with answers

Test "LiteratureXviii century "Option number 1

A1. What writer are we talking about: "A Russian scientist and poet of the 18th century, who, hiding his peasant origin, entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy in 1730". Please enter your last name.

1) Derzhavin 2) Fonvizin 3) Radishchev 4) Lomonosov

A2. Indicate the name of the Russian poet-encyclopedist of the 18th century, for whom poetry was an important means of educational propaganda of advanced scientific and socio-patriotic ideas:

1) Radishchev 2) Lomonosov 3) Derzhavin 4) Fonvizin

A3. Indicate the name of the literary movement that arose in Russia in the 2nd quarter of the 18th century, which includes the work of Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Fonvizin.

A4. Whom did Derzhavin glorify in the ode "Felitsa"?

1) Catherine I 2) Elizabeth Petrovna 3) Catherine II Anna Ioannovna

Part 2. Write down the answers to the tasks of this part in a word in the nominative case or in numbers (2 points each for a correctly completed task, 1 point for an inaccurate answer, an answer with a spelling error)

IN 1. Who is the Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow dedicated to?

IN 2. What writer are we talking about: “Born into a large impoverished noble family with deep religious and cultural interests; Russian branch of the Livonian clan "

AT 3. Indicate the genre of the work "Minor". High, Medium or Low?

AT 5. Which chapter of "Travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow" describes the terrible picture of the sale of living people by auction?

AT 6. What happened to the main character at the end of Poor Lisa?

AT 7. Who is this? "Not sparing her rare beauty, she worked day and night - weaving canvases, knitting stockings."

pleasant places "," gloomy towers "

AT 9. Yes or no? Liza's father was a well-to-do peasant.

AT 10. Please indicate modern version the highlighted word "All things will present themselves today in their natural form "

AT 11. Which of the writers of the 18th century finished his life path with the words: "The offspring will avenge me."

C1. "What's in my name for you ..." The name Mitrofan, translated from Greek, means "like a mother." Does the hero live up to his name? Justify your point of view, give two arguments. (5 points)

Total - 31 points

"5" - 30-31 points

"4" - 24-29 points

"3" - points

"2" - 6-14 points

"1" - 0-5 points

Test "LiteratureXviii century "Option number 2

Part 1. Choose the correct answer from the suggested answers, write it down.

A1. What is the name of the Russian poet and scientist who, in the 18th century, created a coherent theory of Russian syllabo-tonic versification.

1) Derzhavin 2) Lomonosov 3) Karamzin 4) Fonvizin

A2. Indicate the name of the Russian comedian, whose play was an educational satire on the customs of the Russian nobility of the second half of the 18th century:

1) Princess 2) Griboyedov 3) Karamzin 4) Fonvizin

A3. Indicate the name of the literary movement of the second half of the 18th century, which is characterized by high civil-educational pathos and the establishment of the cult of the human mind.

A4. Whom did Lomonosov glorify in the ode of 1747?

1) Catherine I 2) Elizabeth Petrovna 3) Catherine II 4) Anna Ioannovna

IN 1. Which of the rulers, having dismissed them, gave the reason: “You are very zealous in serving”?

IN 2. Who we are talking about: "Born into a poor but old noble family as a frail and weak child"

AT 3. Specify the genre of the work "Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow"

AT 5. In which chapter of "Travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow" does the traveler talk about the character of the Russian person, whose soul is embodied in a song?

AT 6. What flowers did Lisa sell main character the story "Poor Liza"?

AT 7. Who is this? “Having learned about her fate, he could not be comforted and considered himself a murderer. "

AT 8. Indicate the means of expression: “The soul shone in your eyes, like the sun shines in drops of heavenly dew»

AT 9. Yes or no? Erast was in the army and fought the enemy.

AT 10. Indicate the modern version of the word "uttered"

AT 11. Which of the writers of the 18th century ended their life issue of the magazine "Friend of honest people, or Starodum", which was banned; this broke the author, he fell ill and soon died "

C1. "What is in my name to you ..." The name Erast in translation means "ardently loving." Does the hero live up to his name? Justify your point of view, give two arguments.

Total - 31 points

"5" - 30-31 points

"4" - 24-29 points

"3" - points

"2" - 6-14 points

"1" - 0-5 points

Test "LiteratureXviii century "Option number 3

Part 1. Choose the correct answer from the suggested answers, write it down.

A1. What writer are we talking about: “Russian scientist and poet of the 18th century, who wrote that physics is his exercise; poem is his joy. Please enter your last name.

A2. Indicate the name of the Russian poet-odographer of the 18th century, who tried to imitate Lomonosov, but could not stand the splendor and splendor of the language, therefore he introduced elements of lively colloquial speech.

1) Fonvizin 2) Derzhavin 3) Lomonosov 4) Karamzin

A3. Indicate the literary trend of the 18th century, which was based on the view of man as a sensitive creature.

1) "To the rulers and judges" 2) "God" 3) "Morning meditation on the greatness of God" 4) "Felitsa"

IN 1. What historical person is associated with the ode of 1747?

IN 2. What writer are we talking about: "Born into the family of a wealthy landowner from an ancient family, he was the best student in a military educational institution for the nobility"

AT 3. Indicate the genre of the work "Felitsa". High, medium or low genre?

the doctor will not help, unless he himself gets infected "

AT 5. Which chapter of "Travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow" tells about a peasant who has the opportunity to work for himself only on Sundays and at night?

AT 6. The beauties of which city are described at the beginning of Poor Liza?

AT 7. Who is this? " Young, well-dressed man, pleasant-looking, I met her on the street "

AT 8. Indicate the means of expression: “But soon the rising star awakened all creations "

AT 9. Yes or no? Lizin's bouquet cost one ruble.

AT 10. Write the modern version of the highlighted word “Covered in bribes fleece »

AT 11. Which of the writers of the 18th century ended his life, passing the baton of creativity to the young Pushkin.

C1. "What's in my name for you ..." The name Elizabeth, translated from Hebrew, means "worshiping God." Does the heroine live up to her name? Justify your point of view, give two arguments.

Total - 31 points

"5" - 30-31 points

"4" - 24-29 points

"3" - points

"2" - 6-14 points

"1" - 0-5 points

Test "LiteratureXviii century "Option number 4

Part 1. Choose the correct answer from the suggested answers, write it down.

A1. What Russian scientist, poet of the 18th century, in his odes, promoted the idea of peaceful prosperity of the homeland under the leadership of wise monarchs who care about the development of science?

A2. What is the name of the Russian poet of the 18th century, whose poetic innovation manifested itself in the destruction of the purity of the classicist genres: he combined elements of ode and satire in one poem, combined “high” and “low” “calm”.

1) Lomonosov 2) Fonvizin 3) Derzhavin 4) Karamzin

A3. Indicate the literary trend of the 18th century, to which Karamzin's story "Poor Liza" belongs.

A4. Which work does not belong?

1) "Monument" 2) "On the movement of the Earth" 3) "Conversation with Anacreon" 4) "Evening reflection"

IN 1. What historical person is associated with the ode "Felitsa" in Derzhavin's work?

IN 2. About whom we are talking: "Descended from a poor, but ancient noble family, which traced its origin from the Tatar Murza."

AT 3. Specify the genre of the work "Poor Lisa"

AT 5. In which chapter of "Travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow" does not the Russian tsar act, but "tsar, shah, khan, king, bey, nabab, sultan"

AT 6. What monastery is described in Poor Liza?

AT 7. Who is this? "Poor widow who shed tears almost incessantly over the death of her husband"

AT 8. Indicate the means of expression: " ... and her blood chilled with horror»

AT 9. Yes or no? Tsarskaya vodka is a mixture of sulfuric and acetic acid.

AT 10. Indicate the modern version of the highlighted word "but below I don’t want to be a fool with my Lord ”

AT 11. Which of the writers of the 18th century ended his life with the words: "I do not care about death: I have lived, suffered and I know that the children of the fatherland will regret about me"

C1. "What's in my name for you ..." The name Sophia in Greek means "wise." Does the heroine live up to her name? Justify your point of view, give two arguments.

Total - 31 points

"5" - 30-31 points

"4" - 24-29 points

"3" - points

"2" - 6-14 points "1" - 0-5 points

Answers. Test "Literature of the 18th century"

Option 1	Option 2	Option 3	Option 4




	Alexander I	Elizaveta Petrovna	Catherine II
	Derzhavin		Derzhavin
Comedy, low	travel	Oda, high
Derzhavin "God"	Karamzin "Poor Liza", a story	Fonvizin "Minor"	Radishchev "Travel ...", travel
"Copper"		"Lyubani"	"Spasskaya Polest"
drowned herself			Simonov monastery
			Lisa's mother
	comparison	impersonation	metaphor


	Fonvizin	Derzhavin	Lomonosov
Mitrofan		Elizabeth

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Every person, probably, at least once in his life would like to visit the past. It's easy to do this with books. Together with the author of that era, you will delve into the life of people, into the life of the country, and feel for yourself how everything was arranged before.

English, French, Russian writers in their works showed what worried them, worried, admired. So, the 18th century can be called the century of enlightenment. This is a new trend that gave birth to new stage in the arts.

The writers of the 18th century created a turning point when everything suddenly changed - from the consciousness of people to the trend in literature. Religion dictated its own rules, politics - its own, but in the end everything grew into something new and beautiful.

Foreign writers have removed from their works everything mystical and spiritualized. Rationalism appeared in relation to the world and man. That is, religion in people has faded into the background, supplanted by faith in technological progress.

We've compiled a list of the best 18th century writers. It is from their works that you learn a lot of interesting and informative things, you will see how the worldview of people is changing, how art is changing. All this is clearly and vividly described in the works of writers of that era.

The books portrayed not a person with his passions, but an image that was ideal in reality. At the same time, the literary movement provided for a clear separation of the lower from the higher, tragedy from comedy, and more.

The writers and poets of the 18th century in the list that we have collected for you will show you the world of the past, when everything was just beginning to change, when a person moved away from religion, when the church ceased to exert such an influence on a person. These are amazing stories that everyone should read.

Jane Austen
Daniel Defoe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Walter Scott
(Jonathan Swift)
Nikolay Karamzin (Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin)
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann
Charles Perrault
Voltaire (François Marie Arouet)
Denis Diderot
(Ivan Andreevich Krylov)
Friedrich Schiller (Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller)
Benjamin Franklin
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Immanuel Kant
Robert Burns
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel)
Charles Montesquieu (Charles-Louis de Seconda, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu)
Adam Smith