The Present Perfect: rules and examples. Present perfect tense. Learn English Online

affirmative form Present Perfect formed using the auxiliary verb to have in the corresponding person and number (has - for the 3rd person singular, have - for all other persons in the singular and all persons in the plural) and the past participle (Participle II - participles II) semantic verb.

to have + Participle II

I have translated the text. I translated the text.
He has written two letters. He wrote two letters.

Interrogative form formed by moving the auxiliary verb, which is placed before the subject. If there is a question word, it is placed before the auxiliary verb.

have did you translate this text? Have you translated this text?
What have you translated? What did you translate?

Have I cooked?	Have we cooked?
Have you cooked?	Have you cooked?
Has he/she/it been cooked?	Have they cooked?

Abbreviations:

Along with the full form, abbreviated versions of the affirmative, negative and interrogative-negative forms are also used, especially in colloquial speech.

1. In the affirmative form, the spelling and pronunciation of the auxiliary verb have/has:

I've = I have
He's = He has
We've = We have

2. In negative form - two abbreviations:

a) negative particle not remains unchanged, only the auxiliary verb is reduced:

I've not = I have not
He's not = He has not
We've not = We have not

b) negative particle not loses the letter o and merges with the auxiliary verb:

I haven't= I have not
He hasnt= He hasn't

The same change occurs in the interrogative-negative form:

Haven't you worked?
Hasn't he written?

Using Present Perfect

Present Perfect is used:

1. To express an action that has already taken place in the previous period before the moment of speech, but which has a direct connection with the present moment. This connection to the present moment manifests itself:

a) as a result of an action that is present at the moment of speech:

I've read this article. I have read this article. (I know its content, I can tell you.)
Has not written a letter. He wrote a letter. (The result is a letter that can be read and sent.)

b) in sentences with words denoting an unfinished period of time: today - today, this morning - today morning, this week- this week, this month - this month etc., as well as with adverbs of indefinite time: ever - ever, never - never, often- often, already- already, yet- till, yet, just- just, late- recently(behind last days, weeks), recently - recently(for the last months or years), behind Lately , up to now - still, seldom- seldom, once - once, once upon a time and others (most of them are more often used in interrogative and negative sentences).

I haven't seen her this week. I haven't seen her this week.
I've never seen her before. I had never seen her before.
Has she come back yet? Is she back already?
She has published a new book recently. She recently published a new book.
Have you ever been to London? Have you ever been to London?

Note:
In the above cases, the verb in Present Perfect is translated into Russian as a verb in the past tense.

2. To express an action that began in the past, but has not yet ended (ongoing), often with verbs that are not used in the Continuous form. At the same time, an unfinished period of time is often indicated by the circumstances of time with the preposition for - during(for years - for many years, for ages- for ages, for three weeks - within three weeks etc.), with the preposition since - from(Since Sunday - from sunday, since 10 o'clock - from 10 o'clock since 1990- since 1990 etc.), as well as subordinate clause with union since - since.

I haven't seen you for ages. We haven't seen each other for ages.
Hasn't been here for three weeks already. He's been here for three weeks now.
I haven't heard from him since August. I haven't heard from him since August.
We have known her since 1990. We have known her since 1990.

Note:
In this case, the verbs in the Present Perfect can be translated into Russian by verbs in the past or present tense, depending on the context.

Note also the following:

The difference in the use of Present Perfect and Simple Past/Past Indefinite is that Simple Past/Past Indefinite is always associated with a past period of time (which can be indicated or clear from the context) and expresses an action-fact, while Present Perfect is always associated with hereby and expresses the action-result or the experience gained as a result of the action.

Compare:

Present Perfect is not used if there is an exact indication of the time in the past (yesterday, last night, etc.), because in this case the connection with the present moment is broken. The existence of this connection required condition use of Present Perfect. If there is no such connection, then Simple Past / Past Indefinite is used.

Compare:

a) I have heard his speech and I liked it. I heard his performance and I liked it.
b) I heard his speech last night. I heard him speak last night.

In the first case (a), the time of the action is not indicated, but it happened in the past and the connection with the present is expressed by the fact that it (the performance) is liked even now - the Present Perfect is used. In the second case (b), the time of action is indicated, and therefore Simple Past / Past Indefinite is used.

Compare also:

a) I have seen her this morning. I saw her this morning.
b) I saw her this morning. I saw her this morning.

In the first case (a), it can be said that if the conversation takes place in the morning, the morning time has not yet expired. In the second case (b), it can be said that if the conversation takes place in the afternoon or in the evening, the morning time has already expired. With the expression this morning, the Present Perfect can only be used if the action took place before one o'clock in the afternoon. If it happened later, for example, at one thirty (13.30), then Simple Past / Past Indefinite is used, since, according to the English, “morning” lasts only until one in the afternoon.

3. Present Perfect is also used in sentences in which the action, although it happened in the past, can be repeated.

I have seen wolves in this forest. I have seen wolves in this forest. (It is assumed that they can be found there and now.)
I saw wolves in this forest. I have seen wolves in this forest. (The use of the Simple Past expresses a statement of fact.)

Compare also:

a) Pushkin wrote many wonderful poems. Pushkin wrote many wonderful poems.
b) Yevtushenko has written many wonderful poems. Yevtushenko wrote many beautiful poems.

In the first sentence (a) they used Simple Past/Past Indefinite - wrote, since Pushkin is not alive and the possibility of repeating the action, i.e. writing more poetry, is excluded. In the second sentence (b), the verb in Present Perfect - has written is used, since the author is alive and, perhaps, will write many more beautiful poems.

4. Present Perfect is used in response to a question that is asked in Present Perfect (unless the time is specified in the answer). If the action time in the answer is specified, then it is given in Simple Past/Past Indefinite.

Have you seen the new English film? Have you seen the new english movie?
Yes, I have (seen the new English film). Yes, I saw (new English film).
But: Yes, I saw it yesterday. Yes, I saw him yesterday.

Note:

If the dialogue is not limited to one question and answer, but continues, then the first one or two questions and answers are used in Present Perfect, and the conversation continues in Simple Past / Past Indefinite, because. The main thing is not actions, but circumstances.

Husband: Where have you been? Husband: Where have you been?
Wife: I've been at the sales. Wife: I was in the store (at a discount sale).
Husband: What have you bought? (What did you buy?) Husband: What did you buy?
Wife: I've bought (I bought) yellow pajamas. Wife: I bought yellow pajamas.
Husband: Why did you buy yellow? I told you never to buy yellow for me. Husband: Why yellow? I told you never to buy yellow for me.
Wife: I couldn't resist it. They were very much reduced. Wife: I couldn't resist. They were so cheap. (They were greatly discounted).

The place of adverbs in sentences when used with the Present Perfect form

1. Adverbs ever, never, often, seldom, just, as a rule, are placed before the semantic verb.

I have never read that book. I have never read this book.
Has not often been there. He went there often.
They have just left the house. They just left.

2. Adverb already also placed before the semantic verb in affirmative sentences, and in interrogative sentences, as a rule, at the end of the sentence and usually expresses surprise in the latter case (already with a hint of the meaning "so soon").

Have you translated the article already?
Have you already (so soon) translated the article?

3. Adverbs lately, recently, once and combinations up to now, many times are usually placed at the end of a sentence.

I haven't received any letters from him lately. I haven't received any letters from him lately.
We have seen him recently. We saw him recently.

4. Adverb yet is used in negative sentences in the meaning of "still" and is usually placed at the end of the sentence. In interrogative sentences, it has the meaning "already" and is also placed at the end of the sentence.

Hasn't finished his work yet. He hasn't finished his work yet.
Have they come back yet? Are they back already?

Circumstances in English are secondary members of a sentence that indicate in what place, at what time, in what way or under what circumstances (when, where, why, why, etc.) an action is performed or this or that state takes place .

I am sure that many people who study the language on their own reach the Present Perfect and ... this is where their study ends, because according to the explanations from the textbook, not everyone can understand How is it? and Why is it? In this article, I will not rewrite the rules, I will try to clearly and easily explain what Present Perfect is.

First of all, let me remind you of the education of this time.

We form a statement using the auxiliary verb have or has and the main verb in the third form, which in grammar is called Past participle. If the verb is regular (regular), then the ending is added to it -ed if the verb is irregular (irregular), then we take the third form from the third column of the table not regular verbs. In this article, I will refer to the Past Participle as V3:

In negation, a negative particle is added to the auxiliary verb not:

To form an interrogative form, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject ( subject):

Not all special questions can be asked in the Present Perfect. For example, a question with a word is impossible, so in Present Perfect interlocutors are only interested in the result. If we are interested in time, then we need to use another grammatical construction to express an action in the past.

Using Present Perfect

Present Perfect - present perfect tense. From the name it is clear that this tense denotes an action that was committed in the past, but is associated with the present. How is it related to the present? How do we understand that it is connected?

From theory, you probably remember that this tense should be used when talking about the result of an action; if the action began in the past, but is still ongoing; and also if we talk about our life experience; when an action happened in a period of time that has not yet ended ... Surely you have already read about it many times in books or heard from a teacher.

I will try to explain to you step by step and clearly in which cases Present Perfect is used in English. I will try to bring situations from life that you encounter every day, and in which it is appropriate and even necessary to use Present Perfect. In this article, I will give you small tasks, completing which, you can see the importance of using this time. I want to note that my explanation will be significantly different from those that you read in grammar books.

What distinguishes the Present Perfect from other tenses? These are its markers (they are also called determinant words, time indicators). Let's highlight the main markers of this time:

I'm going to tell you about each of them, because each marker reflects the main points of the use of time.

1. Just (just now)

The time indicator just is often used with Present Perfect and indicates that the action has just taken place, and there is a certain visible and meaningful result.

In the statement, place just - after the auxiliary verb:

In negations, just is not used. Rarely in general.

Just is used in special questions with interrogative words ( , Why, etc.) You can see questions like this with just :

What has just happened? - What just happened?

What has he just done/said? - What did he just do / say?

What just happened? Someone just broke a cup.

When did this action take place? In the recent past, we don't know exactly when.

What do we know? We only know the result of an action. And we can say this in Present Perfect:

What did they just do? They just cleaned the room.

We do not know the exact time, but we have a visible result - the room is clean.

They have just cleaned the room.

What did he just do? He just woke up.

We do not know the time of his awakening (although there is a clock in the photo), but we see the result: he is no longer sleeping.

He has just woken up.

What did you just do? You have just read the explanation. The action has taken place, there is a result: you have learned about the word just .

You can say:

I have just read the explanation.

The task: Having performed some action, having received the result, talk about its completion:

I just had my breakfast.

You can look out the window and comment on what just happened there:

The tall man has just crossed the street. Two girls have just entered the shop.

2. Already / yet (already; still)

Present Perfect is used to describe an action that has already taken place or has not yet taken place. In these cases, we are invariably interested in the result, and not in time. To make it clearer, consider an example from life.

Imagine that you come to a store with a shopping list.

Having already done some shopping, you stopped to see what you already purchased.

Let's consider different situations.

You read and translate complex text. You have only translated ten pages so far. You are still working with text. You say:

I have translated ten pages so far. - I've translated ten pages so far.

Your friend is a writer. He writes novels. He has published one novel so far and continues to write. You will say about him:

He has published one novel so far. He has published one novel so far.

The company you work for is expanding rapidly. At the moment you have opened twenty new offices across the country and the company continues to grow:

Our company has opened twenty new offices so far. - Our company has opened twenty new offices at the moment.

All the actions described above took place in the past, but we are evaluating their results at the moment, while the action continues.

Question: How many paragraphs of this article have you read so far?

5. Never / ever (never / ever)

If you decide to indulge in memories and talk about your life experience (life experience), then without time Present Perfect you can't do it.

Do you love to travel? What countries have you been to?

I have been to France. - I was in France.

I have been to Italy. - I was in Italy.

I have been to Spain. - I was in Spain.

It doesn't matter at all when you went to these countries, the main thing is that you visited there, got impressions, you can tell about it.

What countries have you not visited yet? To talk about it, you can use negation or the word never (never). The place of never in a sentence is after the auxiliary verb have/has:

I haven't been to India. - I have never been to India. - I have never been to India.

I haven't been to China. - I have never been to China. - I have never been to China.

I haven't been to Japan. - I have never been to Japan. - I have never been to Japan.

If the word never is used, then the negative particle not not needed because never itself carries a negative value.

You want to ask questions to your interlocutor. Use the word ever :

Have you ever been to London? - Have you ever been in London?

I really hope that my explanation helped you understand the essence of Present Perfect tense. Submit your feedback

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The present perfect in translation is the present completed tense. Used in English to describe actions that started in the past without exact definition start time, and their completion is closely related to the present. They have ended by the current moment or in a period that can be called the present. There are often problems with understanding this tense, at least due to the fact that sentences in the Present perfect are translated into Russian in the past tense, and in English it is Present - present. Yes, and how a completed action can be in the present tense is also not immediately clear.

2. Education Present perfect

2.1. affirmative form

Verb conjugation table in affirmative sentence

More examples can be found in the article.

Statement Formation Rules

The affirmative form of the present completed tense is formed as follows: the subject is followed by the auxiliary verb have (has), plus the main verb in form 3 (past participle).

Both pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) and nouns (boy, cars, snow) can be used as the subject.

The auxiliary verb have is almost always used, but in the 3rd person singular, that is, for the pronouns he, she, it and singular nouns (boy, snow), has is used (see the conjugation table above).

Shortened forms of the auxiliary verbs have and has: 've' and 's respectively. For example, I have worked = I've worked, He has worked = He's worked. Note that ‘s is also used to abbreviate the verb is. Which word is abbreviated in such a record will have to be understood from the context.

The third form of the verb is the verb with the ending -ed if the verb is regular. If the verb is irregular, then its third form must be remembered.

You can see the list of irregular verbs. You are now only interested in column 3, but we recommend learning all three forms at once. In the second part of that article, there is a life hack for more convenient memorization of irregular verbs.

The ending -ed is also not as simple as it seems at first glance, the rules for writing it are described in the article.

General scheme

S + have (has) + V3

Where S (subject) is the subject (pronoun or noun)

V3 (verb) – verb in 3rd form

2.2. Interrogative sentences

2.2.1. General issues

Example of verb conjugation in interrogative form

Rules for constructing a question

To form an interrogative sentence, it is enough to move the auxiliary verb have (has) to the beginning of the sentence, before the subject.

The main verb remains in the 3rd form.

Has is used in the same cases as in the affirmative sentence, that is, it depends on the subject.

Question formula in present completed tense

Have (Has) + S + V3?

Where Have (Has) is an auxiliary verb

S - subject

V3 - verb in 3rd form

2.2.2. Answer to a general question

2.2.3. Special questions

Construction rules

A special question is formed from a general question by adding a question word (who, what, when, where) before the auxiliary verb have (has).

Formulation formula for a special question

Wh + have (has) + S + V3?

Where Wh is a question word

have (has) – auxiliary verb

S - subject

V3 - verb in 3rd form

Table with examples of special questions

Rules for writing negatives

To form a negation from an affirmative sentence, write the negation particle not after the auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb remains the same, the main verb remains in the 3rd form.

Abbreviated have not and has not - haven't and hasn't, respectively.

Fix the mastered rules for the formation of questions and negatives by doing.

General scheme of negation in Present perfect

S + have (has) + not + V3

Where S is the subject

have (has) – auxiliary verb

not - particle of negation

V3 - verb in 3rd form

3. The use of Present perfect and examples with translation

The present completed tense is used in the following cases:

3.1. When the fact that the action completed with a certain result is important, but the exact time when it happened is not important

I have bought a new skirt - I bought a new skirt. Now I have it, no matter when I bought it.

If you want to emphasize that you bought it at a weekend sale, that is, to indicate the time, then you should use: I bought a new skirt last weekend .

3.2. If an action has recently completed and now its result affects the current

I'm not hungry. I have just eaten. I'm not hungry, I just ate.

Note that just is used in these cases.

3.3. When talking about personal experience

I have been to London, but I haven't been to Moscow - I have been to London, but have not been to Moscow. Sometime in the past, no matter when exactly, I was in London, this is a complete fact, but I have not been to Moscow, although I can go there.

Again, as soon as you want to specify the exact time of your visit, you will need to use the Past simple: I was in London 2 years ago.

When you talk about your experience, you can also point out that it happened repeatedly.

It is the turn of Present Perfect Tense - Present Perfect Tense.

Formation of the Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense is formed using the auxiliary verb have + (third column on the table of irregular verbs)

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Pay attention to the formula for the formation of R.R.T. indicated in the table. As you can see, the Present Perfect Tense is formed using the verb and the past participle, and the participle is a fixed part of the formula, and the verb have changes depending on the person and number of the subject and acts as an auxiliary verb in this tense.

When forming an interrogative form, the auxiliary verb have (has) is placed before the subject. When translating interrogative sentences, follow the established word order of the interrogative sentence 1 - interrogative word (for example, who? when? what?), 2 - auxiliary verb (have or has), 3 - subject, 4 - predicate (in this case participle)

Have you ordered pizza? - Did you order pizza? (there is no question word, so the question starts with have)
Where has he put my glasses? Where did he put my glasses?

Questions to the subject begin with the word Who?

Who has painted this picture? - who painted this picture?

When is Present Perfect Tense used?

The present perfect tense, although it belongs to the group of present, but denotes an action that has already happened, completed by the present moment. This tense is used when self is important. fact of an action.

I have already bought bread - the action has already taken place, no matter when it happened - I have bought some bread

The action expressed by Present Perfect is translated into Russian perfect past tense verb (What did you do?)

The time of the action is either not indicated at all, or covers a period of time that has not yet elapsed (that is, the period has not yet ended, but the action has already taken place ): today ( today), this morning, afternoon or evening ( this morning/ afternoon/ evening), this week ( this week), this month ( this month), this year ( this year)

Peter has washed his car today - Peter washed the car today (still today, but the car has already been washed)
I have met her twice this week - This week I met her twice (the week is still going on, and I have already met her twice)

Often adverbs are used with the Present Perfect:

I have already finished reading this newspaper.- I have already finished reading the newspaper
Have you posted the letter yet? Have you sent the letter yet?

The adverb already in questions conveys surprise and means not “already”, but “really ... already”. Compare:
Has your brother arrived yet? "Has your brother arrived yet?" And
Has your brother already arrived? “Has your brother already arrived?”
Note that the adverb yet is always placed at the end of a sentence.

The verb to be is used in the present perfect tense in the sense of "to visit, go, visit" and is accompanied by the preposition of the direction to:

Have you ever been to London? -Have you ever been to London?
I have been to Japan twice - I have been to Japan twice

For and Since

Verbs in the Present Perfect tense can also denote actions that began long before the moment of speech, but still have not ended. In this case, verbs are used with such circumstances of time as for - during and since - since (as long as)

In this case, the verb is translated into Russian in the present tense:

- She has known my brother for five years - She has known my brother for five years
- I've known her sister since 1992 - I've known her sister since 1992

Present Perfect or Past Simple?

In Russian, verbs in both Past Simple and Present Perfect are translated by past tense verbs, so it is sometimes difficult for English learners to determine what time to use in a given situation. The following table will help you better understand the difference between these two English tenses:

The concept of the present tense in English does not always coincide with ours. One of the most striking examples of such a difference is the Present Perfect.

In this article, we will figure out what the Present Perfect is, how it is formed, in what cases it is used, what rules it obeys and consolidate knowledge on real examples translation proposals.

What is Present Perfect Tense?

Present Perfect Tense (Present Perfect) is the present perfect tense in English. It denotes an action that has completed at the present time.

This is the main difficulty of Present Perfect time for students. In Russian, there is no time similar to Present Perfect. For us, if something is happening now, this is the present, and if it has happened, this is already the past.

But not for the British. They perceive time a little differently. According to the logic of native speakers, the action may well end in the present or close to the present moment. To express such a connection between the past and the present, the Present Perfect exists.

Because of these features in understanding actions and time, Present Perfect is usually translated into Russian as a verb in the past tense.

I have already done my homework - I have already done my homework

This example uses the Present Perfect tense ( have done), because we are talking about the fact that the action (work on homework) ended quite recently.

But we translate the sentence into Russian using the past tense (already done).

How is the Present Perfect formed?

The Present Perfect tense is formed using the auxiliary verb have / has and Past Participle (the third form of the semantic verb: V3).

The auxiliary verb changes depending on the subject:

I / You / We / They → have (for 1st, 2nd person and forms plural)
She / He / It → has (for 3rd person singular)

The construction of the Present Perfect tense is completed by a semantic verb in the third form (V3).

If the semantic verb correct form- then its third form (V3) is formed with the ending -ed.

If the semantic verb is irregular, then we take its third form (V3) from the table of irregular verbs.

For example:

to try → tried (try) to cook → cooked (cook) to finish → finished (finish)
to get → got (to receive) to keep → kept (to store) to see → seen (to see)

Statement:

An affirmative sentence in the Present Perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb have / has and the semantic verb with the ending -ed for regular verbs or the third form of an irregular verb (V3) according to the formula:

I / You / We / They + have + Ved (V3)
She / He / It + has + Ved (V3)

I have decided - I decided

You have played - You played

He has done - He did

It has turned on - It turned on

In sentences and everyday speech, you can often find the abbreviated form of the auxiliary verbs have / has. It is formed by adding ‘ve (for have) or ‘s (for has) to the subject:

I have = I've
You have = You've
We have = We've
They have = They've

She has = She's
He has = He's
It has = It's

I've done my tasks - I completed my tasks

He's washed the dishes - He washed the dishes

Negation:

Negative sentences in the Present Perfect are formed by adding the particle not after the auxiliary verb have / has, but before the main semantic verb. The formula looks like this:

I / You / We / They + have not + Ved (V3)
She / He / It + has not + Ved (V3)

I have not done my homework - I didn't do my homework

They have not come - They did not come

She has not finished her tasks - She did not complete her tasks

It has not turned on - It has not turned on

In negation, the particle not can be shortened by attaching it to the auxiliary verb have / has:

Have not = haven't
Has not = hasn't

I haven't washed my hair - I haven't washed my hair

She hasn't been to London yet - She hasn't been to London yet

Question:

An interrogative sentence in the Present Perfect is formed by placing the auxiliary verb have / has at the beginning of the sentence. The formula will be:

Have + I / You / We / They + Ved (V3)
Has + She / He / It + Ved (V3)

Have I bought all the presents? - I bought all the gifts?

Have you finished the classes? - Have you finished your classes?

Has she just arrived home? - Did she just come home?

Has it turned on? - Did it turn on?

Special questions are formed using question words (question words). Such as when (when), how (how), what (what), where (where) and others. The following is the same word order as in the question.

QW + have + I / You / We / They + Ved (V3)
QW + has + She / He / It + Ved (V3)

What has he just said? - What did he just say?

How long have you been knocked on the door? How long have you been knocking on the door?

When is the Present Perfect used?

And now let's look at the most common cases of using and using the Present Perfect tense in speech:

Completed action in the present

In this case, the focus is on the result of the completed action. In other words, when the result of an action is visible in the present.

I have cooked a good dinner - I cooked a good dinner (the action is completed, the result is a good dinner)

I know Nina. We have already met - I know Nina. We have already met (the meeting took place in the past, but we are interested in the result in the present)

Incomplete action in the present

The Present Perfect tense is used when we describe an action that started in the past, has not yet ended in the present, but the result is obvious.

I’ve written five pages of the new book this morning - I wrote five pages of a new book this morning (the morning is not over yet, he can write a few more pages)

She has finished watching “Harry Potter” this week - She has finished watching “Harry Potter” this week

Fact of action / personal experience

If it is important for the speaker to emphasize the fact of some accomplished event without an exact indication of the time, Present Perfect also comes to the rescue. Often this tense is used when we talk about our past experience or when we ask our interlocutor about it.

I have been to Bratislava - I have been (been) to Bratislava

In a question, when we are interested in a fact from someone's life, we also use the Present Perfect:

Have you ever been to France? - Have you ever been to France?

Time Markers Present Perfect

Present Perfect is used with imprecise expressions and words that indicate a period of time that has not yet ended.

never (never)
ever (ever)
already (already)
yet (yet) / not yet (not yet)
often (often)
lately (lately)
just (just now)
once (once)
recently (recently)
before (before)
today (today)
this week (this week)
this year (this year)
for an hour (within an hour)
for a long time (long time)
since two o'clock - from two o'clock
ince December - from December

Examples of Present Perfect sentences with translation

Affirmative:

I’ve studied English since my childhood - I have studied English since childhood

She has visited this beauty shop recently

People have walked on the Moon - People have walked on the Moon.

We've just eaten, so we don't want to go to the cafe - We just ate, so we don't want to go to the cafe

I have just cut my finger - I just cut my finger

Negative:

He has not returned from school yet - He has not returned from school yet

I haven't bought the new car. This is my old one - I didn't buy a new car. It's old

Jane hasn't been to Asia yet - Jane hasn't been to Asia yet

I have not been at university this week because of the flu

I haven't replaced the batteries in the doorbell - I haven't replaced the batteries in the doorbell

Interrogative:

Have you seen this film about space? - Have you seen this film about space?

Has Jimmy bought the tickets yet? - Has Jimmy bought the tickets yet?

How many deals has she made at the moment? How many deals has she made so far?

How much coffee have you drunk today? - How much coffee did you drink today?

How long have you known Mary? How long have you known Mary?