The verb has, had in English. Features of the use of the verb to have and its forms has and had. The verbs have, has or had in English - the difference in usage

Verb to have- one of the most common in English language... It can act as an auxiliary, semantic or modal. Also, with its help, many constructions and stable expressions are formed.

Education and use

In the simple present tense, that is, in Present Simple (or Indefinite), there are two forms of the verb: has, have... Use has limited to third party only singular... In other cases, the word remains unchanged. In Past Simple, the verb takes the form had.

The table will help you figure it out in more detail in the education scheme.

	Past	Present	Future
I, you, we, they	had	have	shall / will have
he, she, it	had		shall / will have

To have as a semantic verb

The meaning of this word is “to have, to have”. It is most often translated into Russian by the phrases "I have," "He has," etc.

1. Affirmative proposal. The word order in an affirmative sentence is standard: subject, predicate, and then definitions, additions or circumstances.

He has a highly readable book. - He has an exciting book.
She has a large library. - She has a large library.
He had a beautiful picture - still life. - He had nice picture- still life.
She has a cozy house with fireplace. - She has cozy home with a fireplace.

2. Interrogative. The question can be formed both with the help of an auxiliary verb to do in the past tense, and without it. In cases where a sentence is built without a semantic verb in front of it. If there is an auxiliary verb, the question starts with it.

Has she a yarn for knitting? - Does she have yarn for knitting?
Had she a mauve dress? - Did she have a mauve dress?
Did he have an easel and oil colors? - He had oil paints and easel?

Variant with a verb to do more common.

3. Negation is formed using the particle not, and in the presence of uncountable nouns or plurals, the pronoun any also appears.

I haven "t a scetchbook (any scetchbooks). - I do not have notebook (s) for sketching.
We hadn "t any desire to go there.” We had no desire to go there.

Negation can also be formed using to do in combination with the not particle. That is do not(for the pronouns I, you, we, they) and does not for the third person (he, she, it). In an abbreviated version, a verb with a particle takes on the following form: don "t and doesn "t have in the present and didn "t in the past.

I don "t have any questions. - I have no questions.

Another way to form a negative sentence is with the help no.

She has no sketchbook. - She doesn't have a sketchbook.
He has no desire to swim. - He has no desire to swim.

Peculiarities of using "have got"

This is a colloquial version, an analogue of the word to have in the role of a semantic verb. That is, the concepts of "have" and "possess" can be conveyed by means of the construction have got or has got... This is the same as has, have. The use of this turnover has some peculiarities:

Have got: the use of this form is only in the present tense.
This phrase is used only when it comes to a one-time action. For multiple, regular and repetitive events, use the main verb without "got".
The negative and interrogative forms are also different.
As for the phrase has got, its use is similar to has: in combination with the pronouns he, she, it.

Comparative characteristics are presented in the table.

She hasn "t got any skeetchbooks. - She has no drawing books.

To have as an auxiliary verb

It acts as an auxiliary verb in all tenses group Perfect and Perfect Continuous.

Perfect times indicate the result, not the fact of the action.

She has opened the window. - She opened the window.
He has not closed the window. - He didn't close the window.
Have they opened the window? - Did they open the window?

Perfect Continuous times mean a process that lasted until a certain point or for a specified period of time.

An affirmative sentence in the present tense implies the use of have been + doing (smth).

She has been waiting for them for an hour. - She's been waiting for them for an hour.
He has been playing the piano since 6 o "clock. - He has been playing the piano since six o'clock.
How long has she been teaching English? - How long has she been teaching English?

Have to as a modal verb

This modal verb is very common in English. Use have to has some peculiarities.

The formation of constructions is as follows: modal verb + infinitive + particle to.

Unlike the verb must, which conveys a must by virtue of an internal urge to action, a construction with have to expresses the need due to any external circumstances. It is usually translated into Russian in the following words: must, had to, compelled, etc.

She has to work a lot. - She has to work hard.
He had to get up at 5 o "clock. - He had to get up at 5 o'clock.
She will have to study four languages. - She will have to master 4 languages.

Also, this modal verb is widely used in Russian for "should be".

The book has to be sent by post today. - The book should be mailed today.
The landscape has to be painted tomorrow. - The landscape needs to be painted tomorrow.

The interrogative and negative forms are formed using to do.

Do you have to do homework? - You have to do homework?
We don "t have to write this book. - We should not write this book.

When negating between modal verbs must and have to there is a significant difference:

"Do not have to" implies that it is undesirable to do this, it is not necessary.
"Mustn" t "sends a categorical prohibition.

You don "t have to read this letter. - You do not need to read this letter.
You mustn "t read this letter. - You are not allowed to read this letter.

Constructions with the verb to have

There are many constructions in which a verb can lose its original meaning. Such turns are translated by a single concept.

1. Construction to have in combination with a noun and This turnover implies that the action is not performed by the person in question, but by someone else for him or instead of him.

She has her hair done at that hairdresser "s. - She does (does) her hair in that hairdresser.
He "ll has his portrait painted in the near future. - His portrait will be painted shortly.
He had his grand piano attuned the day before yesterday. - The day before yesterday the piano was tuned for him.

The interrogative and negative forms of this turnover are formed using the auxiliary verb to do.

Do you have your violin attuned? - Has your violin been tuned?
I don "t have my musical instrument attuned. - My musical instrument was not tuned.

2. The construction of a verb in combination with a noun and an infinitive. With this construction, you can convey an intention to do something.

She has something to do. - She wants to do something.
He had an interesting story to tell you. - He wanted to tell you an interesting story.

Question and negation are constructed without the auxiliary to do.

Has she anything to tell us? - Does she want to tell us something?
He has not (hasn "t) anything to tell. - He has nothing to tell.

Fixed expressions with a verb

Stable expressions are phrases that are perceived as a whole. Such constructions are not translated literally, but convey a single meaning. The following are several topics in which there are many stable phrases with the verb has, have. The use of these phrases is common in the English language.

Food and drink

Communication and relationships between people

Daily activities

to have	a shower	to take a shower
	a bath	take a bath
	a wash	wash up
	a shave	get shaved

Relaxation and entertainment

Use of the verb have very versatile. This is one of the few verbs that can act as full-valued (that is, semantic), auxiliary or modal. In addition, in combination with some nouns, it forms stable expressions. To master this topic well, it is important to practice using verbs. has, have... The use of these words is simple and understandable, however, it should be brought to automatism so that when speaking in English you do not have to think about it.

To have is one of the most commonly used verbs in the English language, and, unfortunately, it is used incorrectly in many cases.

This verb appears at all levels, but in textbooks information is given separately, and in detail and systematized, the features of the verb to have are almost never understood.
Therefore, the idea of \ u200b \ u200bthe verb to have are ambiguous: many believe that this is a very unusual verb, it has some special forms, questions and negations, whether it is semantic, or auxiliary, it has different meanings, then it is translated, then no ...

Indeed, the verb to have is endowed with a lot of meanings (which we will cover shortly in this article), so it can be translated in different ways. It is true that it can be both semantic and auxiliary (more on this later).

But its forms are very simple: there are only three of them. In the present tense, have has two forms: have for (I, you, we, they) and has for (he, she, it).

I do not have a yacht. - I don't have a yacht.
He does not have a girlfriend. - He has no girlfriend.
You did not have much money. - You didn't have a lot of money.

Now attention: typical mistake ... In short answers to general issues we do not use have, but the auxiliary verb of the tense in which the question is asked:

Do you have a yacht? - Yes, I do./No, I don’t. (So wrong: Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.)
Does he have a girlfriend? - Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. (So wrong: Yes, he has./No,I hasn’t.)
Did you have much money? - Yes, we did./No, we didn’t. (So wrong: Yes, I had./No,I hadn’t.)

2. Relationship.

When we talk about people: about our family or loved ones, then this is more of an attitude than possession, do you agree? Although the translation will be the same as in the first meaning: "someone (is) someone":

I have two sisters. - I have two sisters.
We have a lot of friends. - We (have) many friends.
They have a big family. - They (have) a big family.

Again emphasize that, speaking in the first two meanings, the verb have is State Verb... This means that he can not used in Continuous group times. We cannot observe action as such. It would be wrong to say: I am having a car or she is having a brother. Remember that in the meaning of "I have" - only I have .

Second important point ... The verb have in meanings to own, to possess, to have v colloquial speech often replaced with a form have got... Differences have and have got we will talk in a separate article, which will very soon appear on the blog at the numerous requests of our subscribers. I recommend that you familiarize yourself with it, stay tuned!

3. Actions.

Do you know why there are so many fixed expressions with the verb have?
The fact is that, in addition to its basic meanings described above, it can also replace other verbs, and therefore "stuck" in speech in these combinations. Consider examples of expressions in which have - does not mean "to have, to own, to have", but replaces another action:

Have in the meaning eat (to eat) :

Have breakfast / lunch / dinner - have breakfast, lunch, dinner
have a sandwich for breakfast - have a sandwich for breakfast
I will have a salad and some chicken, please. - I'll (eat) salad and chicken, please.
What do you have for dinner? - What do you eat for dinner?
He is having his breakfast now. - He's having breakfast now.

Have in the meaning drink :

Have some coffee / some tea - drink coffee, tea
have a glass of wine - drink a glass of wine
I will have a cup of green tea. - I will (drink) a cup of green tea.
You should have some water if you are hot. - You should drink water if you are hot.

Have in the meaning suffer from(suffer from) or experience(experience, experience):

Have a headache - suffer from a headache
have a cold - suffer from a cold
have a cough - suffer from cough
I am having a terrible toothache! - I am experiencing a terrible toothache!
have an accident - to survive an accident
have a difficulty - to experience difficulties

Have in the meaning give birth to(beget):

Have a baby - have a baby
She is going to have a baby. - She will have a child.
They want to have three children. - They want to have three children.
Our dog had four puppies. - Our dog gave birth to four puppies.

Have in the meaning get(receive, buy):

Have news - get news
have information - get information
have a hometask - get homework
I must have those new shoes! - I have to buy those new shoes!

Have combined with a noun conveys a single short-term action, the meaning of which depends on the noun. It's not difficult, see:

Have a walk - take a walk
have a look - look
have a bath / shower - to take a swim
have a talk - talk
have a conversation - have a conversation
have a drink - to drink
have a swim - to swim
have a ride - ride
have a nap - take a nap

In the above expressions, we are saying have, we mean another verb, which is an action verb, therefore, changing the meaning from state to action, the verb have can be used in Continuous group times. By the way, you may have noticed in some of the examples.

4. Have to - the equivalent of the modal verb must.

If after the verb have there is an infinitive with a particle to, then in front of you is the equivalent modal verb must(must, must). The point is that must has no past and future tense forms.
But we need to talk about obligations not only in the present, but also in the past and in the future. And here have to comes to the rescue.

It is important to remember that despite the connection with the modal verb and the unusual form, in this meaning the verb have continues to remain semantic, therefore, forms negatives and questions with the help of the auxiliary verb of the tense you need:

I do not have to work tomorrow. “I don’t have to work tomorrow.
We did not have to buy flowers. - We shouldn't have bought flowers.
He won’t have to do much work. “He doesn't have to do a lot of work.
Does she have to pay? - She has to pay?
Did you have to cook? - You were supposed to cook?

You can learn more about this meaning of the verb have, its use and differences from must.

4. Auxiliary in Perfect tenses.

Have in combination with the third form of verbs forms perfect forms. Depending on the time, the form of the verb has changes, and the third form remains unchanged: in the present tense forms (have and has), in the past (had), and in will have.
You can read in detail about each of these times in the articles dedicated to them, but now I would like to clarify the issue of. In the examples that we discussed above, it was unacceptable to shorten the verb have (although sometimes you want to). In the times of the Perfect group, since have is an auxiliary verb, it can be abbreviated:

I have - I’ve - / aɪv /
you have - you’ve - / juːv /
we have - we’ve - / wiːv /
they have - they’ve - / ðeɪv /

He has -he's - / hiːz /
she has - she’s - / ʃiːz /

I had - I’d - / aɪd / (with other pronouns - see above, pronounced by analogy, only the last sound / d /)

In the case of future tense, have does not shorten, we will shorten will:
I will have - I’ll have - / aɪlhæv / (with other pronouns - by analogy, just change the pronoun)

And of course, since the verb is auxiliary, have is required for the formation of questions and negations in the tenses of the Prefect group, where it is not translated.
Read how to build questions and denials in thematic articles dedicated to each of the times.

5. Have something done (Causative).

This point is for more advanced readers, since this construction is usually studied at the Upper-Intermediate level. Here have is again in the role of an auxiliary verb and the whole construction means that something is being done without the participation of the one who acts as the subject. In other words: someone has something done, something is done for someone else.

Here, too, the present and past and future forms of the verb have are used, it builds negatives and questions and is present in short answers.

Present tense forms of the verbto have/ have got

Affirmative form	negative form
I have = I have got = I "ve got I have Do you have He has = He has got = He "s got He has She has = She has got = She "s got She has It has = It has got = It "s got It has / It has We have = We have got = We "ve got We have You have = You have got = You "ve got You have They have = They have got = They "ve got They have	I don "t have = I haven" t got I do not have You do not have He doesn "t have = He hasn" t got He has no She doesn "t have = She hasn" t got She does not have It doesn "t have = It hasn" t got It does not have / It does not have We don "t have = We haven" t got We do not have You don "t have = You haven" t got You do not have They don "t have = They haven" t got They dont have

Affirmative form

negative form

I have = I have got = I "ve got

I have

Do you have

He has = He has got = He "s got

He has

She has = She has got = She "s got

She has

It has = It has got = It "s got

It has / It has

We have = We have got = We "ve got

We have

You have = You have got = You "ve got

You have

They have = They have got = They "ve got

They have

I don "t have = I haven" t got

I do not have

You do not have

He doesn "t have = He hasn" t got

He has no

She doesn "t have = She hasn" t got

She does not have

It doesn "t have = It hasn" t got

It does not have / It does not have

We don "t have = We haven" t got

We do not have

You don "t have = You haven" t got

You do not have

They don "t have = They haven" t got

They dont have

Interrogative form and short answers: Do you (him, her, them, us, etc.) have? Not really

Question withhave

Answer +

(Positive)

Answer -

(Negative)

Question withhave got

Answer +

(Positive)

Answer -

(Negative)

No, they haven "t

Use of the verbto have/ have got:

Case 1. To indicate belonging

I "ve got a car.

I have a car.

She has a house.

She has a home.

They haven "t got job.

They don't have a job.

Case 2. To denote relationships between people:

She "s got two sisters.

She has 2 sisters.

Do you have a brother or a sister?

Do you have a brother or sister?

Fixed phrases with a verbto have(but NOT withhave got)

	something to eat	breakfast have a cup of coffee have a snack
		to take a bath take a shower swim to take a break rest have a party to go on holiday
		to have a traffic accident have experience
		to chat to talk
		have difficulty have fun have a good time

Today we will talk about different forms and the functions of one strong English verb have (having). The rule for the formation and use of this verb is quite extensive, but at the same time simple. It is worthwhile to carefully study the information once, and you will no longer have any problems with its use. The whole point of the verb lies in its versatility. We will try to consider each of the functions as easily as possible.

general characteristics

When we study English, we are faced with different options the verb we are interested in: had, has, have, having. The rule for applying each of these forms is quite accurate, so it is difficult to confuse them if you carefully study all the information. To begin with, we note that this verb can perform the following functions:

big house

Depending on what function the verb performs, the form of the verb and how it behaves when forming interrogative and negative sentences is determined.

British and American variants

One of the most simple options the use of this verb is its use as a semantic one. In this case, we will deal with the forms have and has, have got and has got. The rule for their application is quite simple:

simple form

As we can see, the appearance of the form does not critically affect the translation of sentences, so you can safely use any of them. The main thing is not to confuse how to form other types of sentences using these forms. When forming interrogative sentences, verbs behave as follows:

In the British version, this verb is perceived as strong, therefore, when posing a question, it does not need any help. Has he (got) a dog? Does he have a dog? In the American version, the verb is paired with the auxiliary do / does. Do you have a dog? You have a dog? Which of the options you choose depends on your preference and where you live. It is recommended to communicate in the dialect of the language spoken in the area.

Features of forms in the present tense

It doesn't matter which form you choose: has or has got / have got, the rule of forming forms for different persons and numbers must be observed in any case. So, in the present tense, this verb has the forms:
The same forms are used to form negative sentences.

He does not (doesn’t) have any enemies.

Past tense

Separately, it is necessary to note the past tense forms for the verb have (having). The application rule is the same as in the present tense, that is, it is possible to use British or American style... At this time, the verb has only one form - had, so you do not need to choose, but when forming questions and negations, you still have to think a little. For example, the sentence: He had a big pie. He had a big cake.

British version: Had he a big pie? Did he have a big pie? Did he have a big cake? Thus, you just need to choose which style you intend to communicate in and stick to that style throughout the conversation.

Have / having: education rule

A very important function that this verb performs is the formation of different tense forms. This refers to the formation of such variants of the verb as have done / has done or have been, has been. The rule for the formation of temporary formulas in which our verb participates is:
In the present and past tense, the verb have is perceived as a strong auxiliary, used to pose questions and negations to a sentence.

Has he left the city? They hadn’t done it yet. Have you been reading? In the future tense, the verb will takes over this function.

Will you have finished the work by the end of the week? We will not have been sitting.

Modal verb have to

The rule of using this verb as modal says that it is applicable as an expression of obligation, and the subject does not himself realize the need to perform an action, but this is caused by some circumstances. It was this shade of compulsion that made this form more used in recent times... Translated into Russian, such a verb means "necessary, compelled, must, had to", etc.

He has to do it at once. He is forced to do it right away. Distinctive feature modal form is that when a sentence is formed in a pair with a verb, there is always a particle to, which is placed in front of the infinitive of the main semantic verb expressing the action itself.

She has to leave now. She must leave now. Also, when constructing an interrogative or negative sentence, the help of the do / does verbs is always used.

Do they have to buy it? Should they buy it? You don't have to read this book. Note that the forms of the modal verb are absolutely identical to the forms of the simple semantic “to have”.
Iyouwetheyhave tohe, she, ithas to

In the past and future tense, the forms had to and will have to are uniform for all persons and numbers.

Phraseologisms

In the end, I would like to remind you that in combination with some words, our verb can lose its direct meaning and be translated completely differently. Most often, in such cases, when posing questions and negations, the auxiliary verb do / does / did is used.

She has lunch at 1. She has lunch at 1. We had a talk after dinner. After dinner we talked. Did you have a bath? Have you bought it? I didn’t have a smoke yet. I haven't smoked yet. As you can see from the information provided, the application and interpretation of the verb will not cause difficulties if you carefully study all the rules. And, of course, practical training must not be forgotten.

Verb to have- to have, is the second most important in the English language, and is second only to the verb to be... The fact is that the British and Americans say the word " have"much more often than Russians say the word "have".

For example, we speak Russian:

I have a car.

And in English they say:

I have a car. - I have a car.

Thus, when we want to say that somewhere, something is, we use the verb to be.

There is a picture on the wall... - There is a painting on the wall.

And when we want to say that someone has something we say "he has" - "he has"

He has a picture- He has a picture.

In the present tense, the verb "to have" - to have, has the following forms:

In the first person and in the plural they say "have", and in the third person singular "has"... As you can see, the verb has only two forms "to have" in present time: have and has... We say: I have - I have , we translate: I have.

Colloquially into place have often say have got, literally got it, got it, started it. That is, instead of - I have, they say: I have got... Instead of has they say has got... That is, instead of - he has, they say: he has got... Moreover, in fluent speech from the word have one sound remains "ve, and from the word has one sound "s.

I "ve got
He "s got
She "s got

I have a question. - I "ve got a question.- I have a question.
You have a car - You "ve got a car- Do you have a car.
He has a hundred rubles - He "s got a hundred rubles- He has 100 rubles.
She has a lot of friends - She "s got a lot of friends- She has a lot of friends.
We have little time- We have little time.
You have a lot of money- We have little time.

If something is not there, then we put no before the noun.

We have no money - We have not got any money- We do not have money.
They have no questions“They have no questions.
You have no computer - You have not got a computer- You don't have a computer.
He has no friends- He has no friends.

If we want to formulate a question with the verb have, then it is not always possible to just put it in front of the subject, in the first place, as we did with the verb to be... The point is that the verb to be a strong verb, he himself can formulate a question. And the verb to have weakened over the last century, if earlier one could ask this: Have you a car? then now the verb have requires a helper, auxiliary verb do and this question is formulated:

Do you have a car?- Do you have a car?

To do without the auxiliary verb, it is better to ask the question in the form have got, in this case you can use the verb have put in front of the subject and ask:

Have you got a car?- Do you have a car?
Has she got a computer?- Does she have a computer?
Have you got a ticket?- Have a ticket?
Have they got any children?- They have children?

Before a plural noun or an uncountable noun, use any- how much.

Have you got any time?- Do you have time? (how much time)

These are common questions that are answered yes or no. If you need to ask a special question, then we start with a question word.

What have I got here?- What do I have here?
What car has he got?- What kind of car does he have?
How much time have you got?- How much time do you have?

How much?- How many, they ask uncountable nouns: time, water and the like, they are not counted as pieces and do not have a plural form at all.

How many?- They ask what can be counted.