1 sentence syntactic. To help the student: do the parsing of the sentence

Tasks related to the syntactic analysis of the text cause difficulties for schoolchildren and students of the philological faculty. A well-conducted syntactic analysis of a sentence requires quite extensive knowledge in the field of the Russian language. But, having basic concepts, you can successfully cope with tasks.

What is sentence parsing

Parsing is an analysis of the proposal according to the following criteria:

View according to the purpose of the statement.
Emotional view.
The number of bases (hereinafter, simple and complex sentences are parsed according to a certain order).
Characteristics of the members of the proposal.
Constructions complicating the sentence (if any).
Punctuation parsing.
Scheme (if required).

Sentence parsing free online

Finding a program that can correctly parse in full, taking into account all the nuances, is quite difficult. But still, there are several services on the network that will help in solving the problem.

The Seosin.ru resource is the most popular one available. When you enter a sentence in the corresponding window, you can get a parsing of the text.

If parsing requires semantic analysis, it is best to use the program of the well-known Advego exchange.

Receive online solution you can also from specialists - philologists and linguists. To do this, you need to go to the appropriate forum (http://gramota.ru/, https://lingvoforum.net/,http://lingvo.zone/). Professionals will definitely help with the analysis and give an exhaustive answer to the most difficult question.

Do your own parsing

You can comprehend all the wisdom of parsing if you carefully read the information below and practice a little.

I. Purpose of the utterance

Depending on the purpose, the proposals are divided into:

narrative(they transmit information, report something, approve or deny. At the end of such sentences there is a period or an exclamation mark);
interrogative(contain a question, at the end there is (mandatory!) a question mark);
incentive(contain motivation, call, request, demand). Characterized by motivating intonation, the use of imperative verbs, particles let, let, come on.

II. Emotional coloring

The indicator is the presence of an exclamation mark. There he is - an offer exclamatory, No - non-exclamatory. Any of the sentences on the purpose of the statement can become exclamatory.

III. Number of grammar bases

According to the presence of the basis of the proposal, there are simple and complex. Simple ones are those in which there is 1 grammatical basis.

Accordingly, a complex sentence must have 2 or more stems.

III. 1. The order of parsing a simple sentence

The type of proposal should be indicated by the presence of main members.

The main members are the subject and the predicate.

Subject answers the questions who and what? It can be expressed by almost any part of speech.

Predicate answers the questions what does it do, what is this object, who is it, what is it, in what condition is it? It can also be expressed various parts speech.

The secondary members are addition(answers questions of indirect cases), definition(what? whose?) and circumstance(where? when? where? how much? etc.)

III. 1.1 Common and non-common offerings

If the sentence contains only the main members - it uncommon. If the sentence contains at least one minor member - widespread.

III. 1.2. One piece or two piece

If a sentence has a subject and a predicate, the sentence is two-part. If only one main member – one-piece.

III. 2. Analysis of a complex sentence.

After determining the type of simple or complex sentence it is necessary to disassemble the secondary members, find complicating structures and explain the punctuation marks.

Parsing examples

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The sun was already quite high in the clear sky.

1 base - simple,
The basis is the sun (subject) stood (predicate). Secondary members of the sentence: stood (where?) in the sky (circumstance). In the sky (what?) clear (definition). It was (how?) Already quite high (circumstance).

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The rain passed along the garden path.

Narrative, non-exclamatory,
1 base - simple,
there are two main terms - two-part,
there are secondary - common.
The bottom line is that the rain has passed.
Secondary members: walked (where or how?) along the path (circumstance). Path (what?) garden (definition).
There are no complicating structures and punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: Blue appeared between the thinning tops.

Narrative, non-exclamatory,
1 base - simple,
there are two main terms - two-part,
there are secondary - common.
The basis - the blue appeared.
Secondary members: appeared (where?) Between the tops (circumstance), (what?) Blue (definition).
There are no complicating structures and punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: Old handwritten books were worth their weight in gold.

Narrative, non-exclamatory,
1 base - simple,
there are two main terms - two-part,
there are secondary - common.
The basis is that books were appreciated.
Minor members: valued (in what way?) worth their weight in gold (circumstance). Books (what?) old handwritten (definition).
There are no complicating structures and punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The summer was dry, it hardly rained.

Narrative, non-exclamatory,
2 basics (the summer was dry and it didn’t rain), so we analyze a complex sentence,
1 part - uncommon,
Part 2 is common. A minor term is a circumstance (how?) almost.
Unionless.
Parts are separated by commas.

Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, imperative).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

3. Select simple sentences as part of a complex one, determine their foundations.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Highlight the secondary members in each part of the complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or non-common.

6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or treatment.

Proposal 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Offer 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), allied (connected by the union And), and the first and second parts are uncommon (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of proposal 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Offer 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union. The first part is widespread (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the offer

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 5 In 3 parts Lvov S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 p.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook / Ed. Razumovskaya M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M .: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Website of the festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ()

Homework

1. What is the order of parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are the complex sentences for the means of communication between the parts?

3. Underline the grammatical foundations in the sentence:

The hurried dawn was approaching, the heavenly heights brightened.

Instruction

At the first stage, you need to parse the sentence by members and underline them: the subject - with one line, the predicate - with two - with a wavy line, the addition - with a dotted line, and the circumstance - with an alternation of dashes and dots. Sometimes it is also required to indicate the links between the members of the sentence and ask questions to each of them.

If the sentence is simple, indicate the type of predicate: simple (PGS), compound verb (CGS), or compound nominal (CIS). If there are several, indicate the type of each. If, however, number each of its parts and draw up a diagram of this sentence, indicating the means of communication (and allied words). In addition, indicate the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory or adverbial: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, condition, purpose, concession, comparison, mode of action, measure and degree or adjunctive) and the types of relations between them (sequential, parallel or homogeneous ).

Next, describe the sentence, indicating its type by the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or incentive), by intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory) and by quantity (simple or complex: , complex, non-union). If the sentence is simple, continue the analysis, indicating the type by the number of main members (two-part or one-part: nominative, definite-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal or impersonal), by the presence of members (common or non-common), by the presence of missing main members ( full or ), and also indicate how it is complicated (homogeneous members, isolated members, introductory or plug-in constructions, or not complicated by anything). If the sentence is complex, continue the analysis in the same way, but for each of its parts separately.

Tip 6: How to define a vaguely personal sentence

A sentence expresses a message, a prompt, or a question. Two-part sentences have a grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate. The grammatical basis of a one-part sentence is represented by either the subject or the predicate.

Instruction

All verbal one-part sentences have a predicate but no subject. Moreover, in a definite personal sentence, the form of the verb and the meaning of the message suggest that the action refers to a specific person: “I love books”, “Find correct solution"," Take care, and honor from a young age.

The verb can be in the form of the first or second person singular or indicative or imperative. The first person means that the verbal question is asked from the pronouns "I", "we"; second person - from the pronouns "you", "you". The imperative mood encourages action, the indicative simply conveys information.

Describe the sentence according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
By emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
By the presence of grammatical foundations: simple or complex.
Then, depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex:

If simple:

5. Describe the sentence by the presence of the main members of the sentence: two-part or one-part, indicate which main member of the sentence, if it is one-part (subject or predicate).

6. Characterize by the presence of secondary members of the proposal: common or non-common.

7. Indicate whether the sentence is complicated by anything (homogeneous members, appeal, introductory words) or not complicated.

8. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.

9. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

If difficult:

5. Indicate which connection is in the proposal: allied or non-union.

6. Indicate what is the means of communication in the sentence: intonation, coordinating unions or subordinating unions.

7. Conclude what kind of sentence this is: unionless (BSP), compound (CSP), complex (CSP).

8. Parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, starting from point No. 5 of the adjacent column.

9. Underline all members of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.

10. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.

An example of parsing a simple sentence

Oral analysis:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: pupils and pupils study, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

Writing:

Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical stem pupils and pupils study, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.

An example of parsing a complex sentence

Oral analysis:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied connection, means of communication subordinating union because, a complex sentence. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate did not ask common, not complicated. Second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis we went with the class, common, uncomplicated.

Writing:

Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied connection, subordinating union means of communication because, SPP.

1st PP: one-part, with the main member - the predicate did not ask common, not complicated.

2nd PP: two-part, grammatical basis - we went with the class, spread, not complicated.

Schematic example (sentence followed by schema)

Another option for parsing

Syntax parsing. Order in parsing.

In phrases:

Select the correct phrase from the sentence.
We consider the structure - we highlight the main word and the dependent. We indicate what part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.
And finally, we denote what its grammatical meaning is.

In a simple sentence:

We determine what the sentence is for the purpose of the statement - narrative, incentive or interrogative.
We find the basis of the sentence, we establish that the sentence is simple.
Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is built.
- It is two-part or one-part. If it is one-part, then determine the type: personal, impersonal, nominative or indefinitely personal.
- Common or non-common
- incomplete or complete. If the sentence is incomplete, then it is necessary to indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it.
If this proposal is complicated in any way, whether it be homogeneous members or isolated members of the proposal, this must be noted.
Next, you need to analyze the sentence by members, while indicating what parts of speech they are. It is important to follow the order of parsing. First, the predicate and the subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are part of the first - the subject, then - the predicate.
We explain why one way or another punctuation marks are placed in the sentence.

Predicate

We note what the predicate is - a simple verb or compound (nominal or verbal).
Specify how the predicate is expressed:
- simple - what form of the verb;
- compound verb - what it consists of;
- compound nominal - what connection is used, how the nominal part is expressed.

In a sentence that has homogeneous members.

If we have a simple sentence, then when parsing it, it should be noted what kind of homogeneous members of the sentence are and how they are related to each other. Either through intonation, or intonation with conjunctions.

In sentences with separate members:

If we have a simple sentence, then when parsing it, it should be noted what the turnover will be. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this turnover by the members of the sentence.

In sentences with isolated members of speech:

First, we note that in this sentence, there is a direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and the text of the author. We analyze, explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way and not otherwise. We draw the scheme of the offer.

In a compound sentence:

First, we indicate which sentence for the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or incentive. We find simple sentences in the sentence, we single out the grammatical basis in them.

We find unions with the help of which simple sentences are connected in a complex one. We note what kind of unions they are - adversative, connecting or dividing. We determine the meaning of this entire compound sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. Then each simple sentence that makes up the complex one must be parsed in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.

In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (one)

First, we indicate what the sentence is in terms of the purpose of the statement. We single out the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex one. Let's read them.

We name which sentence is the main one, and which is subordinate. We explain what kind of complex sentence it is, pay attention to how it is built, how the subordinate clause to the main clause is connected and what it refers to.

We explain why the punctuation marks in this sentence are arranged in this way. Then, the subordinate and main clauses must be parsed, in the same way as simple sentences are parsed.

In a complex sentence with subordinate clauses (several)

We call what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We single out the grammatical basis of all the simple sentences that make up the complex one, and read them out. We indicate which sentence is the main one, and which is subordinate. It is necessary to indicate what the subordination in the sentence is - either it is a parallel subordination, or sequential, or homogeneous. If there is a combination of several types of subordination, this should be noted. We explain why, in this way, punctuation marks are placed in the sentence. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences.

In a complex non-union sentence:

We call what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We find the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up this complex sentence. We read them out, call the number of simple sentences that make up the complex one. We determine what the meaning is the relationship between simple sentences. It can be - sequence, cause with effect, opposition, simultaneity, explanation or addition.

We note what are the features of the structure of this sentence, what kind of complex sentence it is. How are simple words connected in this sentence and what do they refer to.

We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way.

In a complex sentence in which there are different types of communication.

We call what, according to the purpose of the statement, this sentence is. We find and highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex one, read them out. We establish that this proposal will be a proposal in which there are different types connections. Why? We determine what connections are present in this sentence - allied coordinating, subordinating, or any other.

According to the meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. We analyze all simple sentences that make up a complex one in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.

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The order of parsing a simple sentence

1. Parse the sentence by members and indicate how they are expressed (first, the subject and predicate are parsed, then the secondary members related to them).

2. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).

3. Determine the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

4. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence and prove that it is simple.

5. Determine the type of offer by structure:

a) two-part or one-part (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, naming);

b) widespread or non-common;

c) complete or incomplete (indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it);

d) complicated (indicate what is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, appeal, introductory words).

6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing Samples

1) My bonfire shines in the fog(A. K. Tolstoy).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

Grammar basis - the bonfire is shining my expressed by a possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the circumstance of the place in the fog, expressed by a noun in the prepositional case with a preposition in.

Sentence outline A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence.

2) At the end of January, fanned by the first thaw, cherry blossoms smell good. gardens (Sholokhov).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition expressed participle turnover.

Grammar basis - gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by the verb in the form indicative mood. The subject is the agreed definition cherry expressed by an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition in, and the circumstance of the mode of action Okay expressed in an adverb.

Sentence outline A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence; commas in the sentence highlight the participial turnover, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated, since it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

Ways to underline members of a sentence

When parsing a sentence by members, standard underscores are used: one dash for the subject, two dashes for the predicate, a dotted line for the complement, a wavy line for the definition, alternating dots and dashes for the circumstance.

In some schools, the main member of a one-part sentence is underlined with three lines, however, such an underlining is more common, in which the main member of a denominative sentence is marked as the subject, and the main members of other one-part sentences are marked as predicates.

When emphasizing the secondary members of the proposal, it is advisable to be guided by the following principles.

A separate member of the sentence is underlined as a single member.

Accordingly, non-isolated members should be underlined as much as possible in accordance with the questions asked of them.

Designation of words and phrases that are not members of the sentence

As is known from morphology, service parts of speech are not members of a sentence, however, during syntactic parsing, certain problems are associated with them.

Unions are not members of the proposal and are not distinguished when homogeneous members are combined, but in some cases they may be part of non-singular members of the proposal.

First, x, these are comparative conjunctions as part of comparative revolutions, for example: The surface of the bay was like a mirror.

Secondly, these are unions as part of separate members of the proposal, for example: Stopping often and for a long time, we got to the place only on the third day.

Prepositions also cannot act as independent members of a sentence, but they are used as part of a prepositional case group, expressing a certain meaning together with the case form.

Therefore, it is customary to underline the preposition together with the noun to which it refers. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to cases where the preposition and noun are separated by adjectives or participles, for example: instead of older brother. In this case, it would be a mistake to underline the preposition together with the adjective as a definition; underscore should be: instead of older brother.

Formative particles are part of compound verb forms and are underlined together with the verb both in contact and in non-contact arrangement, for example: Let him call me!

Semantic (non-formative) particles are not members of a sentence, however, in school practice, a negative particle is not usually emphasized as a single member of a sentence along with the word to which it refers, for example: No smoking here. I didn't expect much help.

It is permissible not to single out both prepositions and all semantic particles.

Some teachers teach to highlight unions by circling them, and prepositions by a triangle. This distinction is not generally accepted.

Introductory words and appeals are not members of the sentence. Sometimes students enclose these components in square brackets or underline them with crosses. This is undesirable, as underlining is only used to indicate members of a sentence; it is permissible to mark these elements of the proposal by inscribing the words “introductory” or “address” above them.

Description of the complicating members of the sentence

When a sentence is complicated by direct speech or an interstitial sentence, they are considered and described as an independent sentence, since both direct speech and an interstitial sentence have their own purpose of utterance and intonation, which may not coincide with the purpose of utterance and the intonation of the sentence itself.

So, for example, the proposal He indignantly asked: “How long will you be digging?!” should be parsed as follows: the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by direct speech. Direct speech is an interrogative, exclamatory, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated sentence.

The participial turnover complicates the sentence only if it is isolated. In this case, the description should indicate the complication not by the participial turnover, but separate definition; in brackets is possible, but not necessarily an indication that it is expressed by participial turnover.

The comparative turnover can be any member of the sentence - a predicate ( This park is like a forest.), circumstance ( The rain poured like a bucket), complement ( Petya draws better than Anton), defining (He is almost the same as his brother). In this case, the comparative turnover can be both isolated and non-isolated. The complication causes only a separate comparative turnover, and, as in the case of participial turnover, it is necessary to indicate the complication separate circumstance, addition or definition.

Homogeneous members are also described as complicating the structure of the sentence, introductory words and proposals, appeals.

Some difficulty is presented by sentences with homogeneous predicates. In school and pre-university practice, it is believed that a two-part sentence in which the subject is used with several predicates is simple sentence, complicated by homogeneous predicates. In a one-part sentence, there are as many parts as there are predicates in it, with the exception of cases when homogeneous parts are presented in the structure of the predicate.

For example: I was offended and did not want to answer him- a simple two-part sentence with homogeneous predicates.

I felt embarrassed and didn't want to answer him.- difficult sentence.

I got sad and lonely- a simple one-part (impersonal) sentence with homogeneous parts of the predicate.

One-part sentences

When parsing one-component sentences, students often make various mistakes.

The first type of errors is associated with the need to distinguish between one-part and two-part incomplete sentences.

As already mentioned, we diagnose a definitely personal sentence by the form of the main member: the predicate in it is expressed by the verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons singular and plural indicative mood (in the present and in the future tense), and in the imperative mood; the producer of the action is defined and can be called personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person I, you, we, you:

I go, I go, but I can’t reach the forest.

The peculiarity of verb forms with a morphological feature of 1 and 2 persons is that each of these forms can “serve” a single subject: a form with the ending -y ( go-y) - the pronoun I, the form with the ending -eat / -ish ( go-eat) - pronoun you, form with -em / -im ( go eat) - pronoun we, form with -et/-ite ( go) - pronoun you. Forms 1 and 2 of the person of the imperative mood also clearly indicate the person who is the producer of the action.

Insofar as morphological trait the person is represented by the verb only in the indicated forms, sentences of a similar meaning with a predicate-verb in the past tense of the indicative mood and the conditional mood are considered two-part incomplete, for example:

He walked and walked, but never reached the forest.

In this sentence, the form of the predicate does not in any way indicate the producer of the action.

Even if it is clear from the previous context that the producer of the action is the speaker(s) or the listener(s), sentences or parts of a complex sentence without a subject with a predicate in the past tense or in the conditional mood should be characterized as two-part incomplete, since information about the producer of the action is extracted not from the sentence itself, but from the previous context, which, in fact, is an indicator of the incompleteness of the sentence or part of it; see for example the second part of the compound sentence:

I would help you if I knew how.

In indefinite personal sentences, as already mentioned, the main member is expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd person plural (present and future tenses in the indicative mood and in the imperative mood), the past plural form of the indicative mood, or a similar form of the conditional mood of the verb. The producer of the action in these sentences is unknown or unimportant:

They call / have called / let them call / would call.

Such sentences are not indefinitely personal without a subject with a predicate in the indicated forms, in which the producer of the action is known from the previous context; see for example the second sentence in the following context:

We left the forest and tried to orient ourselves on the ground. Then we went along the path to the right.

Such sentences are also two-part incomplete.

Thus, when characterizing a sentence as a one-part definite-personal, it is necessary to remember about the restrictions on the form of the predicate; when diagnosing a sentence as indefinitely-personal, it is also necessary to take into account the meaning - an indication that the producer of the action is unknown.

Generalized personal one-part sentences do not include all one-part sentences that report an action that can be attributed to everyone and everyone, but only those in which the predicate is expressed in the form of the 2 person singular of the indicative and imperative moods or the form of the 3 person plural of the indicative inclinations:

They cut the forest - the chips fly.

However, in a generalized personal sense, definite personal sentences with the main member in the form of 1 person and impersonal sentences can also be used: What we have - we do not store, having lost - we cry; To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest. Nevertheless, such proposals are not usually characterized as generalized-personal.

The greatest difficulties are associated with the analysis of an impersonal sentence.

Considerable difficulty is the definition of the composition of the main members in sentences like We had a lot of fun riding this slide., i.e., in sentences that include a bunch, a nominal part and an infinitive. There are two traditions in parsing such proposals.

There is an opinion that when characterizing such sentences as impersonal or as two-part, it is not the sequence of components that is important (the infinitive at the beginning of the sentence or after the link and the nominal part), but the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate.

So, if an adverb is used in the nominal part with the meaning of the state experienced by the producer of the action (fun, sad, hot, cold, etc.), then this is a one-part impersonal sentence:

It was fun to ride this hill.
It was fun to ride this hill.

If in the nominal part a word is used with the meaning of a positive or negative assessment (good, bad, harmful, useful, etc.), then we have a two-part sentence with a subject, pronounced infinitive:

It was bad for him to smoke.
Smoking was bad for him.

According to another linguistic tradition, the characteristics of a sentence of this type depend on the word order in it, and not on the meaning of the word in the nominal part. If the infinitive comes before the link and the nominal part, then it, with a relatively free word order in Russian, denotes the subject of the message and is the subject:

Smoking was bad for him.

If the infinitive follows the link and the nominal part, then we have an impersonal sentence:

It was bad for him to smoke.

In a relationship impersonal proposals it is also necessary to note the following: not impersonal, but two-part incomplete, it is customary to consider parts of a complex sentence, the position of the subject in which is replaced by a subordinate explanatory or direct speech, for example:

It was heard how the gate creaked a (compare: It was heard).

"I'm lost" - flashed through my head(compare: It went through my head).

Such sentences without a subordinate clause or direct speech lose all meaning, are not used, which is the criterion for the incompleteness of the sentence. So, the sentences * It was heard or * It flashed through my head cannot be understood and are not used.