Universal drives. The rules of operation of universal drives
Universal drives,
Name of parameter | Value |
Theme of article: | Universal drives, |
Rubric (thematic category) | Sport |
Spirals
Bimetallic plate
Heat releases.
P / d.The main chain contact is manually covered in a closed position, it is held by the latch. If the spiral is undergoing the current, the value of which exceeds the specified, then after not at the time the right end of the plate will bend up and the latch lever will be raised through the pusher. Under the action of the spring, the contact will disperse.
Group of instrument | Name of the device | Purpose | Examples of application |
Instruments manual control | Switter | To turn on and off the current receivers manually | Buildings, Come |
Push-button switch | Meal, universal drive | ||
Batch switch | Electric stoves | ||
Plug connector | Desktop and mobile equipment | ||
Remote control devices | Electromagnetic relay | For incl. And off Tokhodnikov low power | Desktop equipment |
Magnetic switch | For incl. And off Big power current users | Stationary equipment | |
Microswitch | For incl. And off Current receivers under the influence of their parts | Refrigerator, meal | |
Defense devices | Fleece fuses | To protect current receivers from heat overloads and short circuits | In all current actors |
Automatic switches |
Electric drives.
Electric driveit is customary to call the device, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ is intended to drive work tools, machines and mechanisms.
Working tool It is customary to call the part of the car, which directly affects the product.
Electric drives are divided into the following principles:
- by voltage of current (single-phase - 220 V, three-phase - 380 V).
- for appointment:
Individual - one working tool leads to move.
Universal - drives various interchangeable mechanisms.
3. By the number of electric motor: -On and multi-engine.
Any electric drive consists of 3 basic nodes:
- electric motor - Designed for conversion electrical Energy in mechanical.
- mechanical transmission or gearboxes - serve to transmit the energy of the electric motor to the working tool, changes in the direction of movement and change the speed of movement.
- the control panel on which manual instruments are mounted remote control and protection devices.
1.Universal actuators of the PU-0,6; P11. Purpose, Device, Rules safe operation.
2.Universal actuators of specialized PG-0,6; PC-0,6; PM-1,1. Purpose, device, rules of safe operation.
Universal drives Designed to bring in the movement of interchangeable mechanisms.
Drives are:
- common destination (for business-based business enterprises).
- specialized Drives that are intended for specific workshops.
Decoding of brands: p-drive, universal, 0.6-1,1- power of the electric motor in kW, g-hot shop, x-cold, m - meat;
Deciphering replaceable mechanisms: MS-mechanism Replaceable, first digitization of the interchangeable mechanism: 2-meat grinding, 3-juicer, 4-beaten, 5-potatoes, 7- wipe ... .. up to 29. The second digit is the performance of the kg / hour except the meal (pieces \\ hour) and whipped mechanisms).
Example: MS2-150 Mechanism Replaceable, 2-meat grinder, Productivity-150 kg \\ hour
MC4-20 mechanism replaceable, 4-scrabble, 20 liters-volume of the tank;
To drive P 11: p- drive, 11-two-speed;
Replaceable mechanisms: MDP 11-1
First letter- M. - Mechanism, Second-Name of the Replacement Mechanism:
M-meat grinder, p-liker, D- crushing, o-vegetable-free, breeding, b - for cutting meat on bef stroganov, Rhinder.
P11-1 - The P11 drive, operates at the first speed, besides the whipping mechanism in which two speeds.
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The drive consists of:
The 1-housing in which the electric motor 2, two-stage cylindrical, toothed gearbox 3, the output shaft of the gearbox has a shaped profile, for connecting with interchangeable mechanisms that are attached to the rigine drive 4 screws, a push-button station 5 is mounted on the control panel.
The rules of operation of universal drives:
- before work, the sanitary and technical condition of the drive and reliability of grounding are checked.
To check grounding You should check the reliability of the grounding drive attachment at point 1, on the equipment housing and at point 2 in the grounding bar.
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Only after that check the operation of the drive on idling. Fix the replacement mechanism to the rigid actuator, install safety devices And check the operation of the interchangeable mechanism at idle.
2. Produce products and containers under the processed product.
3. During operation, the quality of the product processing is written to the working chamber is pushed in accordance with the norm. The chef stands on the side of the push-button station.
Problem situations:
After work Machine is disconnected, disassemble and conduct sanitary processing.
Table Comparative characteristics Universal drives.
(perform yourself on the textbook)
Universal drives - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Universal drives," 2017, 2018.
The universal HU 1020 drive with the AE 20 drive is designed for processing vegetables, fruits and meat products.
The basis reliable work drive is a powerful electric motor (up to 1.9 kW) with integrated thermal and electromagnetic protection systems mechanical overloadViolations of standard power supply parameters and short circuit currents. Adjustable in two modes The rotation speed of the shaft (160 and 320 revolutions per minute) allows you to select the optimal mode of processing of raw materials by two main parameters - quality processing and performance. There is also a unique for equipment of this type of pulse inclusion mode used in the processing of a minor product volume or the dosage process.
The AE 20 drive with a vegetable cutter is used for cutting and grinding raw and boiled vegetables, fruits, nuts, sugar, soft cheese and cooking soup-puree, cottage cheese, mousse and sauces.
For cutting and wipers, you can use two types of component products - cutting discs and cylinders. In both cases, the same operations are performed - cutting with slices, strokes, straws or wiping, and productivity is significantly different. If in one hour on the disk you can graze 150 kg of carrots, then with a cylinder - up to 500 kg. In general, the performance of the drive can reach 1000 kg / h.
The meat grinder not only crushes the facilities and turns them into mince with a capacity of up to 400 kg / h, but also capable
- cut pieces of meat for a walk;
- prepare pate;
- dosing a certain mass of minced (80 or 100g) for further preparation of hamburgers, meters and other similar products.
For the test of the test, mixing the curd mass, minced meat and potato mashed potatoes, whipping creams and the manufacture of various sauces is used by the planetary mixer Up 40 and Up 20 with maximum load 25 and 10 kg, respectively.
The FS-S feeder is a device with two cylinders, densely dyed with a height of 6-8 mm height. A portion of meat, passing through the narrow slit between the two rotating in the opposite sides, the cylinders turns out to be repeatedly extrited, loosened. The use of the meal makes it possible to ensure an acceptable consistency of the finished dish from a natural piece of meat almost independently of the selected part of the carcass, as well as by "crosslinking" small pieces It helps to achieve the normalized mass of the output of the finished semi-finished product. Performance of the FS-S model up to 2300 products per hour.
The drive is convenient B. hygienic processingThe surface does not succumb to rust through the use of high-quality steel in the production.Universal kitchen machine HU1020 with a new generation AE20 drive differs from a well-known AE10 drive by availability additional system Operator protection, which turns off the drive from electricity supply, if the pressure lever is raised, vegetable cutters.
This product is analog for:
Related products:
Bunker Feuma SAS-SG for vegetable cuta AG-SG 542413 | 91 456 rub. |
Light universals in Russia are not in great honor. Our buyers are more submitting sedans, hatchs, crossovers and SUVs. But some "Sarai" still have a chance to catch in our market. This is a very narrow and unnoticed segment of universal, so to speak, slightly increased passability.
Build them, as a rule, on the basis of ordinary universal, but increase them with clearance due to the modernization of the suspension, the body and bottom are screwed protective elements, put the wheels more and slightly "zubaste", necessarily equipped with a full drive - and ready. Not a crossover or an SUV, of course, but not the former light "puzoterka" that is bounted by each batch. Moreover, some of these "Sarai" clearance turns out to envy some SUVs. For example, at the same new soldier wagon Volvo V90 Cross Country bottom and land are divided as much as 210 mm!
But about the V90 Cross Country we have already recently. And this time we will go through the same models of other companies.
Audi A4 / A6 Allroad Quattro
Year of release: From 2016 / From 2014
Audi has such "raised" universal, there were two, the youngest of them - A4 Allroad Quattro (top photo). Its first generation was shown in 2009, and the current one - in this year. Differences from the usual stationary A4 AVANT - protective body kit with advanced wheel arches, increased to 175 mm clearance and, of course, a branded permanent four-wheel drive with the mid-scene "self-block" Torsen. Digured on the adaptive suspension. And a whole placer of the aggregates: the choice is two dieselos for 150, 163, 190, 218 or 272 hp, a gasoline turbo engine in 252 hp, "Robot" or a classic machine ...
And A4 Allroad Quattro, and the A6 Allroad Quattro (in the photo) today are sold in Russia, but the motors of both are only gasoline. For the first asking from 2,739,000, for the second - 3,795,000 rubles.
But the flagship is, of course, the A6 Allroad Quattro, which was impressive at the time of his debut in 1999. Pneumatic suspension increased clearance up to 208 mm, and a four-wheel drive, a gasoline 250-strong bitburg, 180-strong diesel and even gasoline V8 in 300 hp Allowed to "light" and on asphalt, and outside it. There was even a reduced transmission in the distribution! The current A6 Allroad Quattro from 2014 is more compromised. The pneumatic suspension is, but the clearance is a maximum of 185 mm, and the "Rfainaki" has long been not. But there are many motors to choose from: a 3-liter diesel displays 190, 218, 272 or 320 hp, and a 3-liter gasoline unit develops 333 hp
Mercedes-Benz E-Class All-Terrain
Year of release: from 2016
In Mercedes-Benz, they looked at competitors for a long time before deciding to have such an uncharacteristic model. And its soldier "Sarame" was distributed only this year: the newest All-Terrain all-wheel drive model was presented at the Paris Motor Show in September. It is based on the E-Class Estate stationer, also a new generation, and the All-Terrain version itself will be a transitional link from it to the GLE crossover. How to find out on the street? New bumpers with lining, radiator grille, massive body kit of black plastic, original wheel disks At 19 or 20 inches - all this gives the car with head.
Mercedes-Benz All-Terrain may appear in Russia in spring. True, there are no prices nor clear information about what motors will be. The usual universals will sell only with gasoline engines.
Plus an enlarged clearance, of course. Compared to an ordinary E-Class wagist, the All-Terrain road clearance is greater than 29 mm (15 mm gave the suspension settings, and another 14 mm is a higher tire profile). At the same time, in the basic equipment already there is already a pneumatic suspension of Air Body Control, which can change the clearance from 121 mm to the maximum 156 mm in the All-Terrain off-road mode. Engines - 2-liter diesel return in 194 hp and 400 nm, working in a pair with a 9-speed automaton and providing acceleration to "hundreds" in 8 seconds. Plus 3-liter V6 on heavy fuel, outstanding 258 hp and combined with the same box. Later, gasoline engines are expected.
Opel Insignia Country Tourer
Year of release: Since 2013
Introducing in 2013 an all-terrain universal Insignia Country Tourer, Opolevtsy said that he would not compete with whom, and with Audi A6 Allroad! To get to B. narrow niche Such machines, "insignia" increased clearance (though, just 20 mm - up to 175 mm), they challenged into a protective plastic body kit ... But the rest of the Country Tourer remained the usual insignia with a 4x4 sign.
Insignia Country Tourer managed to get to Russia to the crisis, but was not sold for a long time and left our market with Opel. On the approach - a new generation, but we are unlikely to see it.
In the engine range of the All-wheel drive version today includes a 2-liter gasoline turbo engine in 250 hp. and a 170-strong turbodiesel of the same volume. Moreover, it is interesting that both engines can be combined with both 6-speed "mechanics" and with a machine gun! But the arrows on Audi, of course, looks too optimistic. The same A6 is significantly more insignia (refers to the segment E, and not to the segment D), completed with more powerful motors and is much more expensive (and therefore it is richer equipped). In reality, the main competitor of new items looks like ALLTRACK - similar to the concept version of the VW Passat wagon. Which we still get.
Skoda Octavia Scout.
Year of release: from 2014
Its "high" wagon named SCOUT appeared at Skoda in 2006 in the second generation of the Octavia model. The clearance, compared with the usual monophonic "shed", was increased by 40 mm, in the rear axle drive stood Haldex coupling, the body was protected by plastic lining ...
Russian buyers Skoda Octavia Scout Diesels, alas, "roasted": we have this wagon sold only with a gasoline turbo engine and costs from 1,854,000 rubles.
The company introduced the current "scout" in 2014, and the approaches to its creation did not change. Due to the other suspension, the clearance increased to 171 mm, a higher 17-inch tires are installed, and the rear axle is connected when the front wheels is slipped all the same Haldex, only the fifth generation. To choose from - gasoline turbo engine 1.8 TSI in 180 hp In a pair with a 6-speed "robot", two diesel engines (1.6 l and 110 hp or 2 l and 150 hp) with manual transmission and top diesel for 184 hp In the bundle with the DSG box.
Year of release: From 2015
Who in our review really "a dog ate" on all-wheel drive universes of increased passability - this is Subaru! After all, the first such "Sarai" appeared from the company back in 1994: the famous off-road version of Outback was first made on the basis of the LEGASY wagon and over time it was excreted in a separate model.
Diesel subaru outback before our market did not get, but all gasoline options are sold. Both - with a variator and a full-actuator system of AST with a coupling in the rear axle drive. From 2 399 000 rubles they will be asked for a motor 2.5 l, and the flagship V6 pulls at 3,399,900 rubles.
The current generation of "Outback" is released since 2014. And under the passenger body - the clearance in more than a serious 213 mm, not a shameless thing that for the crossover, but even for the SUV! And, despite the considerable skes of the body, Outback is very decent
In the movement of aki tram - how you put it on the road, so he will go without looking at the road conditions (snow, ice, dirt, codbins and all sorts of rails).
1) City:
The maximum equipment is almost 2200 kg, with mares more than 200 and the VTD + VDC system (I recommend it. But brake system Weak, for such a mass - so careful, displaced it, but it may not work. It is treated with the observance of the distance. It is like that with this weight you can "play" - do not use brakes, adjusting the rate inertia, because When you let go of the gas pedal, the car itself slowly slows down. The first time was afraid of the dimensions, now I easily play in the "checkers" on the strips of movement. Comfort and power, payback - fuel consumption :).
I am ready to pay for the buzz, especially in difficult road conditions (snow, rain and other storm meteors), and besides, any normal WD consumes the same (on automatic transmission)
Yes, in the city of Parkay where you want, borders do not care, but you can immediately forget the bottlenecks.
2) primer, light off-road:
Suba - the king of the primer, what to say here. Not killed suspension (actually not killed). Above the speed is less than the bumps, it is about us, it is soon actually begun to be influenza and the pvstedales disciplined braking in front of each choice or laying a police at the time when you only produce wings (a joke of course).
On the risky soil like any normal all-wheel drive - while the belly does not sit down. Triple (3.0) personally bribes the traction on the bottoms - up to 3,000 turns "neither goes", but the entire fool of 200 is more than a mare in a torque, Aki Diesel. VTD + VDC perfectly passes diagonal (diagonal hanging) well, and full-time (45/55) in the mud is better than AWD (95/5). Excellent storms of the slides, including smiling. Bed with geometry - front bumper actually consuming, front mudguards, too, thresholds oddly enough. But this is if you chase in light +.
In general, it was very important for the wagon - in the past Vyhi gave cross-terrain crosses about 10 km in one direction, at night, in one car ............ two foddes, three mud baths with rings on the thresholds, one A protracted slide (with the same descent later) all in very decent pebbles. Beekushka Well done - took out everywhere. I was driving and poke, jacket and drove :))) But I drove. Before the shore did not make the way of 500 meters, but there was already such a rut that even the detour everything is keen above the knee. Niva drove meters 100 farther and sat down tightly, and stayed there. True, in the morning it was cleaned and made his way to the shore of the lake. In general, on that bank, I did not see a single car, the prepared UAZ, the Niva and Kruzak (and on the entrances closer 9 km, I am one such luckless).
Yes, it still - you can pray at the belly, this weight is actually not realistic - whether there is more than two tons. But the salon in the smooth floor throws and sleep awesome (height 180) - ventilation with hatches (the main attachment to slip), much warmer and quieter than in the tent.
3) Rador is slightly higher than the light +, you can not even think. Just beautifully plucked and go to look for a tractor.
4) Route, Daaaa - here is the car in his element. The controllability is excellent, there are machines more powerful, more comfortable, but here is the handling ....... what will not give way, it will not give anyone to anyone. The active keyboard is simply straightforward.
Clearance 200, magnificent waving, 200 with excess mares, excellent system WD - Born for the road. I watch other participants in the movement - those turns that many pass "on the brakes", I fit without reducing speed.
Yes 4 Stepping the box is stupid (the pickup begins after 3000 o'D), but also turns, it raises easily and not straight. Not turbo, of course, but for the amospherin, such a mass is very and very not bad. Well, the brakes, do not forget about the brake. Not that it would be very bad, but with this weight the car could be better.
According to the serviceport - you raise the hood, everything under the hood is not cheap. The rest on average like everyone else, if it does not cycle at the originals (Ideally have a proven partner, which will tell you where it is better to take the original, and where it is possible and not the original and which one.)
Industrial general drives (Pop) can be both domestic and imported production. The universal drive itself is a combination of such devices as a motor and transmission mechanism, which are concluded in a single case. The main purpose is to act as a variety of interchangeable mechanisms. The shift occurs alternately, and each of them performs a certain technological operation.
General description of the aggregate
Naturally, the greatest advantage of a universal drive is that it is capable of performing large quantity A variety of operations than, for example, an individual drive that performs only one function. In other words, for the same money you can purchase a more functional model. In addition, the costs and technological maintenance of the device are reduced.
The place of installation of this unit is most often becoming the most illuminated and comfortable spot In the manufacturing workshop. It is important to add that the device has several replaceable parts, among which it is possible to allocate a meat grinder, a vegetable cutter, a mucopper, a ripper. This makes it possible to use equipment in a meat shop, in vegetable, etc.
Use on vegetable objects
At such objects, pop can be used, for example, like a potato cleaning machine. Such a model has a working chamber, which is located in the upper part of the unit of the aggregate. The body is a certain base that stands on the supports, and they are attached to it vertical stands With facing. It is worth adding that a bolt is always provided in the design of such a universal drive, which is attached to one of the racks. This element is designed to attach grounding. Bottom part This device consists of directly electrical engine, as well as a transfer mechanism.
Using the device
Instruments for cleaning potatoes in vegetable shops are installed on the foundation only in those places where water is available. In addition, in the floor, where the unit will be placed, it is necessary to equip the sewer tract, which will be used to remove the processed liquid from the machine. Before run this unit, you must check the following:
- the presence of grounding, as well as protective fences;
- tightness of the discharge tray.
Catching and wash products have manually. When this is done, the device's electric motor is started, the raw material is loaded into the working chamber, and the water flow is turned on. The purification duration ranges from 2 to 5 minutes. The purified product can be unloaded from the device without stopping it. However, you need to overlap the water supply and close the working chamber. After that, the operating window of the unloading compartment can be substituted with a container and open the door. Under the influence centrifugal power Raw materials will be thrown into the container.
Disk devices
It is important here to note that this can be both a device with PI and with a removable mechanism of the universal drive.
This model is made of housing, unloading device, drive, and a set of replaceable parts. The installation site of this unit becomes the table in the workshop. The installation itself is carried out on the shock absorbers, and not the surface of the table itself. Housing this device Made of aluminum and is cast, and also has a discharge channel installed under the tilt. Inside this element is placed electrical engine And the upper part of the housing has a hole in which the knives are installed in the form of disks. The use of these drives in vegetable shops is quite common.
It is also worth adding that this installation It has several sets of knives. The first set includes a self-shaped knife, which is intended for cabbage chicting. The second is two sealing disks used for the grater of vegetables straw. The last third set is a combined set of knives that are for cutting vegetables by storage.
Description of universal general-purpose drives
These devices most often have the same set of basic elements. It is always one electric driveAnd also several replaceable each of them is intended to perform a specific task.
UE in the meat shop or at any other enterprise is most often common in general purpose machine. However, there is also a specialized model of the aggregate. The difference between the shared and specialized drive is that the first category can be used in several shops, and the second category is made under one particular one.
Applying a general-purpose drive will help to save the area necessary to place the device, reduces the cost of manufacture, compared to conventional devices, and also has an increased service life. The main generals of general purpose are P-P, PU-0.6. There are also types working on alternating current and characterized as small-sized devices.
Total drive design
All general-purpose models of universal drives have the following design:
- housing;
- reducer two-stage gear with detachable crankcase;
- two-speed engine;
- remote Control;
- set of replaceable details.
The neck of the drive has a handle with a cam, which is designed to fasten the replaceable elements.
If we consider the design of the widespread device PU-0.6, then it includes the following items: gearbox and electric motor that are closed by a common casing. In order to connect or change this device with replaceable parts, there is a neck in the side part. The drive starts using a batch switch located on the case itself of this instrument. Replaceable parts of the device include the following: meat grinder, meat felting mechanism, mechanism of cutting raw and boiled vegetables, etc.
Manufacturers
The domestic manufacturer of these devices is the company "Torgmash". This company was founded back in 1951. The focus of the company is paid to the production of aggregates, successfully operated in the confectionery, food Industry, as well as in bakery and catering places.
The cost of equipment is considered moderate. At the same time, the company's products can be described as reliable, economical and easy to use. The rules of safe operation of the device are simple and understandable.
From foreign manufacturers, an Italian company Angelopo can be noted. The activity of this company began in 1922. The universal drive, which manufactures this company, is produced in three different equipment, and also has the ability to install twelve species of different nozzles.