Online reading book twelve night, or anything? Twelfth Night, or What You Will "Twelfth Night, or anything. Book twelve night read online
It is known that the comedy was played in 1602 in the law corporation Middle-Templ (as he wrote a student John Manningham in his diary), but this year does not flow out of this year. It was often mentioned that one of the main characters Shakespeare called in honor of the Italian Orsino, the Duke of Bracchiano, who visited London in 1600-1601. Since, judging by the title, the play was first put on the twelfth night, the last night of the Christmas holidays - January 6, it remains only 1601 (according to the then calendar, another 1600th, since the year began on March 25). However, it is clear that the play should have been written in the second half of 1600 (according to the current calendar). It was first printed in the first folio.
A month and one day after the premiere, February 7, the conspiracy of Essex took place and suffered. The count itself and four of his associates were executed; Southampton sentenced to life imprisonment. Obviously, not so much the fate of Southampton, in two years later, thanks to the death of Elizabeth, he received liberation, how much a conspiracy failure with which Shakespeare associated serious hopes for improvement public Life, influenced the fracture in his work. In the XVII century, Shakespeare did not create a single cheerful play - "Twelfth night" turned out to be the last and really became the end of the holidays.
Attention and names of both plays of 1600 are drawn. "The twelfth night" is more correct to translate as "twelve night, or what you want", "how you like it" should translate "how you like it". Such titles show some kind of indifference of the author, ready to simply fulfill the wish of the public. In the play of Bernard Show "Small Lady Sonyetov" such attitude Shakespeare expresses a lot of noise from nothing. In fact, to the plays of 1600 this is suitable much more. You can remember how you fell out of "how you like it" and the Jacqua myself, and especially the final of his monologue about the world theater and seven roles of life with a completely tragic description of the last role. Nevertheless, both plays, no doubt wear a cheerful character. But it seems that the author just expected something. Very detailed (7 lines) Description of Horatio in the first scene of the "Hamlet" of the terrible and mystical events that took place in Rome before the murder of Caesar - more spectacular than in the tragedy itself about it, - suggests that "Hamlet" began to compose shortly after Julia Caesar, "but then Shakespeare interrupted this work and began to write comedies. Apparently, he was waiting for an inevitable conspiracy that could, ending in a different way, to make another tragedy. Perhaps the "Hamlet" would not be a tragedy at all, but would be a historical chronicle, but not from English, but a Danish story; The source allowed to finish the play quite a happy final, and it is not known exactly how the old play ended.
However, a certain decline in which the traditional comedies of Shakespeare, a decline, paradoxically affected by their quality, was not only associated with political views. According to A. Anikst, "it seems, he ... has exhausted all the sources of the Commission." Reversals are: Already in the fourth play, a girl appears, which puts men's clothing and prevents man (and this is the sixth such heroine in a row); The theme of twins, whose similarity leads to confusion, repeats the "comedy error". However, Shakespeare collects all the forces of its own skills and as a result, the most likely best comedy. And this makes a person whose thoughts are directed completely to the other side and which, writing "Julia Caesar," has already made a fracture in creativity. True, as in the Battle of Philipy shown there, this fracture was broken into two episodes - for two tragedies. According to Platter's diary, after the end of the play about Cesar, which the Plater managed to call the comedy, "two of them, dressed in men's suits, and two in men's suits danced with each other wonderful and with great grace." Shakespeare has these dances occurred in the intermission, which was not in the theater of his time.
Are there such examples in the history of literature? Yes there is. Jack London, which was in a much more severe condition (chronic disease, deterioration of relations with his wife, disappointment in the socialist party and departure from it, financial problems, recognition that he writes only because of necessity, all this, in the end, led The writer to suicide) finished his creativity with such light and bright novels as "Michael, Brother Jerry" and "three hearts".
Shakespeare could not not come to mind the last play, which continued to go on stage, perhaps even with his participation, "how you like it." For the first time, the heroine, dressed in men's clothing, loved another girl taking her for a young man. Shakespeare clearly wanted to complicate this line and at the same time make it more serious (the love of the Festa to Rosalyde was frankly parody). He found a suitable story. But the question is where did he find it? Where did this fantastic love triangle, depicting this fantastic love triangle young man The girl loves his lord, he loves another, and that loves a disguised girl? For the first time, it was applied in the Italian comedy "Celebrated" (1531), then this plot used in one of its novel Bladewell (1554), and he translated into French Belfort.
It would seem that Shakespeare should have resorted to these, already familiar to him sources. However, the plot was still in England, used in the book "Farewell to the military profession" (1581, story 2) Barneby Rich. His book is assumed to be the source.
However, recent studies paid attention to the fact that in 1595 the play "Celebrated", translated into French and Latin, was set by students of Cambridge. In the prologue, an unknown Italian author reported that the play was born in his head as accidentally, as they pull out his destiny on the twelfth night. That is, even the name was taken from there and received not only a connection with the holiday, but also a certain meaning, which, however, could only be known for a narrow circle.
Viola, who fell into the shipwreck and believes that her twin brother Sebastian died, he learns from saving her sailors that she is in Illyria - exotic country for the British eastern coast Adriatic Sea. Rules Illaria Duke Orsino, to which she, changing into male dress, decides to enter the service. And he comes, calling Caesario.
Orsino is in love with Olivia. Many have rooted an ironic attitude towards his love. Meanwhile, already at the beginning of the play, he pronounces very deep words:
How could you, like Dive, the Spirit of Love!
You can accommodate everything like sea,
But what falls into your puchin
At least the most valuable in the world
Loses value in the same moment!
Conducting such a typical championship of feelings ("Two Veronea", "sleep in summer night"), Orsino calls the love of" imagination "that takes different species. Olivia, a year ago, lost her father-graph, and soon and brother. She decided to lead a novel life. Interesting conversation between her and her feste joke. Fest asks: "Decent Madonna, why are you sad?" Olivia is responsible: "A decent fool, because my brother died." "I suppose his soul in hell, Madonna." "I know that his soul is in paradise, fool." "Madonna, only a round fool can be sad that the soul of his brother in paradise. - People, remove this stupid creature from here. " Oddly enough, Olivia reacts to his words peacefully, asking for his butler: "Malvolio, what do you say about our joke? He seems to be corrected. "
To withdraw Olivia from her conscious hibernation, to interrupt her life of a nun into the world, it is capable of not in love with Orsino, but the one who does not love her. Orsino decides to send Viol-Caesario to her. He believes:
Who will tell you about you that you are a man
That the days of your spring.
And although in love with Orsino Viola speaks to the side:
I was not easy for your wife
After all, I myself wanted to be, -
she sincerely wants to help Orsino. But Olivia falls in love with her. Having received a ring from Malvolio sent to Olivia, Viola begins to guess what's the matter. The comic line is embodied the heroes invented Shakespeare. The main one is uncle Olivia, which is pure english name Sir Toby Bell. He was repeatedly compared with Falstaf. Indeed, who lives at the expense of a niece, loving drinking and eat, who does not have any idea of \u200b\u200bmorality, but not capable of committing serious evil Sir Toby there is something in common with Sir John. And yet it does not reach Falstaff. In addition, the role was already played not to William Kemp, but another actor, and Shakespeare had to reckon with this.
It is also worth noting that, unlike Falstafa, Sir Toby is not a cowardly. Live at the expense of his niece - not the only way Income for Sir Toby. He makes the fact that in London Shakespeare's times called "Fishing rabbits", which he wrote several pamphlets Robert Green; Found a stupid provincial, Sir Andrew Egusik, who promises to help marry Olivia. Itself, perfectly realizing that it is impossible, shakes from the provincial money.
It must be said that both are semantic surnames (Bell means "belching", Egian - "pale cheek"). But due to the presence of names, and the main thing, the titles of Sir, this time the translators did not rush anything. In other cases, the rusification of the names is used often - a tank, a stupid, a base, dogwood, dowdow and others. Nothing funny in these names, however, no, and is much better to translate them as Kostard, Dall, Bottom, Dogberry, Tachtone, not forgetting that the Shakespeare attached to these names to comedy English flavor.
Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and the Fest, drinking to them, drinking, listen to the song the jester, and then start singing and all together. Just after their packaging song enters Mary's Camericist and asks: "What is it for a feline concert?" However, she primarily fears that Olivia will send Malvolio here.
So it happens. Malvolio also appears on behalf of Olivia (it is not known how sincerely) says Sir Toby harsh words, right up to such: "If you prefer to part with her, she willingly be happy with you." In response, he hears the singing of Sir Toby and the jester. Malvolio leaves, accusing Mary for the fact that she pursues immorality. And promises to report to everyone.
Maria, offended quite unfair, strongly offended. She says that he knows how to imitate the handwriting of Olivia and will write a love letter to Malvolio - allegedly from his mistress. Her plan immediately turns out to be approved by everyone.
It must be said that Malvolio, also carrying a semantic name (only in Italian - "evil will") is a clear satir for Puritan. Mary raises this topic, but herself contradicts himself. At first she says: "He sometimes looks like Puritanin," then exclaims: "Yes, what is he, to hell, Puritanin!" Shakespeare behaves very skillfully: he hints, and at the same time denies a hint. But Malvolio shows itself. It rejects someone else's cheerfulness with pure puritan positions, morality and decency.
Puritan Shakespeare could not love anywhere, because they have already called for the closure of theaters.
In the garden, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and servant Fabian peep up for Malvolio, who finds a letter to the Maria. Not yet found letters, he always talk about the attitude of Olivia, dreams of becoming a Count Malvolio, recalls, "that the countess stretch married his camera-lacquer," represents how he is already married, rises " With the Lodge, where Olivia is still sleeping ... "and tells to call her relative Toby (hearing it, Toby exclaims:" So that it is broken! ").
Only imaging his conversation with Toby, Malvolio finds a letter. He dismantled in the letters M.O.Ai., and finally understanding, reads the main text of the letter. Now he is already "all the circle is visible, do not get lost." "I will be arrogant, I will read political treatises," he says. Here you can see a hint that, becoming a graph, Malvolio intends to do politics.
According to a letter, Malvolio comes to a meeting with Olivia, who sent him, "To discuss serious things," in yellow stockings and garters, crosswise (Maria has already explained that the hostess can not tolerate such clothes). He constantly quotes the letter and, naturally, Olivia begins to consider him crazy. Going to a meeting with the new Viola, she asks Mary to look for Malvolio to the Uncle Toby. In the end, the deceived turns out in Sir Toby, Mary and Fabian. Puritanin is advised not to succumb to the devil, Maria asks Sir Toby to make Malvolio read prayers. When he is indignant, she concludes: "You see, he simply does not take out when he is talking about anything divine!". Offended Malvolio leaves. Instead, Sir Andrew appears, who wrote a challenge Viola (the love of her Olivia became obvious). Sir Toby reports Viola about the call, telling about the big danger, which is his opponent in this work replaces Fabian, and Toby goes to Sir Andrew - to tell the same thing already about his opponent. The frightened Sir Andrew is ready to give Viol his horse, which in fact, of course, will get to Sir Toby.
Long before this Orsino told Viol that a woman cannot love him as he loves Olivia. Without the opportunity to admit, Viola still claims that he knows, "how women love strongly," and tells about their love, asking her daughter's daughter of her father (that is, nothing to do). She even says:
My father's daughter loved so
How, if I am a woman, I can be
He would love you.
When Orsino asks: "And from the love of your sister's sister?", Viola is honest:
I am now, sovereign - all sons
And father's daughter ... Although, perhaps ...
Her weak hope turned out to be correct. Brother Viola Sebastian stayed alive, saved by the Sailor Antonio, who is very tied to him. For the first time they appeared at the beginning of the second act, but the theme of twins and the confusion associated with their confusion arose at the end of the third act (by the way, brother and sister, being twins, could not be so similar to each other, However, everything is possible in art).
In the middle of this act, Sebastian and Antonio parted, agreed to meet in an hour in the hotel "Elephant". Antonio conveyed his wallet, who did not want to take for a long time. Antonio was in the garden of Olivia just before the start of the duel. Accepting, naturally, Viola for Sebastian, he declares that they will fight him here. As a result, Sir Toby begins with him, but almost immediately Fabian reports that the bailiffs are here. Viola and Sir Andrew put the swords into the sheath.
Bailiffs are arrested by Antonio, who previously told Sebastian, which tightly hired "in sea battle Galem of Duke "and walk around the city it is dangerous. The blood was not broken, but he, in contrast to his comrades, refused to compensate for damages. Turning to Viola, Antonio is crushed by the fact that he will have to ask back his wallet he wants to take only part of the money.
Viola is ready to give him half of his not very big amountBut at the same time, of course, he says that unfamiliar with him. Shocked by betrayal and renunciation of a friend, Antonio Gorky and Suroi speaks about him (uttering the name "Sebastian") and goes together with bailiffs. Viola also increases the strong hope that her brother is alive, and with thoughts about it she goes.
The behavior of the Trinity immediately changes. Sir Toby declares that "a cracked boy ... a cowardly, like a hare," "threw a friend in trouble." Fabian (perfect honestly) speaks of his cowardice, and Sir Andrew is ready to beat the opponent. At this time, Sebastian comes to the house of Olivia. He knocks off from the jester that was sent for Viola, and not too politely explains him that he was unfamiliar with him. He gives him money, but promises to give it to the teeth, if he does not stop. The jester is sure that this is a draw, but the money willingly takes.
Sir Andrew, Sir Toby and Fabian appear. Sir Andrew gives Sebastian to slap, but he gets a few blows in response. The jester leaves to report to all Mrs. Sir Toby holds Sebastian, although Sir Andrew says that it is not necessary to do this: "I will submit it to the court for insulting the action - after all, there is also a laws in Illyria. True, I first knocked him, but this is not counting. "
Sebastian escapes and requires Sir Toby to put the sword that he does. Olivia appears, which shouts Tobi: "Let him go!", And then indignantly refuses uncle, calling all three rascals and demanding to leave. Trinity leaves. Olivia speaks Sebastian as gentle as she always spoke with Viola, and he hardly believes in what is happening:
I was distraught Ile I dream dream?
To you, prayer, summer, perch:
Kohl is a dream, prone it, please.
On the words of Olivia "Trust me!" Sebastian answers: "I will lead your life."
Meanwhile, the jester, Sir Toby and Maria come to a dark room, where Malvolio languishes. The jester depicts the priest Sir Topasa, who leads a harsh and parody conversation. Sir Toby asks him to speak with Malvolio his own voice. Since the niece is accepted, Toby believes that "continue our game should not be." The Festa fulfills the request, but when Malvolio speaks about the donkeys of the priests, reports that the priest here and, by going to two voices, "talking" with that. Having rolled down, the jester still agrees to help Malvolio and the song goes behind ink, paper and candles' grid (Malvolio, because you need to see anything).
Sebastian comes out of the house of Olivia with a presented pearl. He recalls Antonio, who would give him advice. Although his mind "here sees not a madness, but a mistake," he still suspects Olivia in Madness ("She's insanely, Ileless I"). But if it were crazy
She was not able to lead
And so calmly, firmly, inconspicuous
Dispose and edit cases.
"There is something incomprehensible here," he completes his reflections. Olivia comes out with the priest (this time, of course, hereby) and offers Sebastian to carry out a secret engagement. He agrees even for marriage.
The jester refuses to show Fabian received from Malvolio letter. Orsino and Viola appear along with courtiers, and then bailiffs lead Antonio, whom Viola calls His Savior. Antonio, answering the question of the duke: "What kind of madness led you to your enemies?" - continues to expose her and tells about his relationship with Sebastian. Answering Orsino, he says that the young man came to the city only today, and before that, they were together for three months. Olivia appears with a retinue, but Orsino still has time to report that Antonio is "not in his mind," because this boy serves him for three months. Knowing that Olivia is in love with Viola and has already changed a rather relevant attitude towards her (he calls her "hard-ferrous"), Orsino invites her to live a "princess Ice", but her chosen one who loves him and he wants to lead from her. To the surprise of Olivia, Viola behaves the same as before; Moreover, she agrees to leave and praises Orsino, who became her "Life, Light". Olivia accuses her in perfidy and calls himself abandoned. She orders the servant to go for the priest. Olivia and herself has time to talk about marriage, and then this confirms the priest's priest shocked by the betrayal of Viola-Caesario (for the second time, Viola is unfairly accused of treason), Orsino says:
Puppy crazy! Who will you become in life,
When will the forehead served?
Sir Andrew appears with a broken head - he again came up with Sebastian. In response to the question of Olivia Andrew, he says that Caesario attacked him, and then sees Viola and accuses her. Drunk Sir Toby, who supported the jester, - Toby also suffered from Sebastian. Olivia Tells to send him to bed. Then Sebastian comes, and the whole confusion is allowed (although Sebastian and Viola can not believe in their lucky meeting for a long time). Orsino understands how much Caesario meant for him and, finding out that he really is a girl, aware that she loves her. Olivia, of course, loved Viol for appearance, but for human qualities, but Sebastian looks like a sister not only outwardly (as he spoke with many others, it does not matter; it is important how he spoke with Olivia or, for example, with Antonio) . Antonio, you have to think, now forgive. It remains to solve only the problem with Malvolio. The jester brings a letter, but he reads him, portraying the madman, and Olivia charges to read a letter Fabian. Hearing this letter, Olivia sends Fabian for Malvolio. The coming Malvolio feels offended and accused Olivia. She explains that the letter was forged by Maria, who already admitted this. Olivia promises Malvolio that when they recognize the names of the guilty, he will be a "judge and plaintiff in his own business."
Fabian asks the Olivia permission to "repent - in the hope that Brani, and a prosperity, and quarrels do not burn holiday watches, which I have witness." He briefly tells the history of jokes, and her occasion, reporting also that in gratitude for the written letter Sir Toby married Mary. In his opinion:
In response to this cavermy funny
Malvolio should not be angry,
Especially to honestly weigh
Mutual resentment.
The jester also admits that "participated in this", according to him, "interludes", playing the role of Sir Topasa.
Malvolio exclaims: "I will calculate with your low sneak!" And goes away.
Indeed, Puritans were calculated. In 1642, all theaters in the country were closed. However, it was not a catastrophe. English playwright, who survived an incredible rise, then came to a complete decline to be, a forced break was even useful, allowing dramaturgy to revive and start a new era. Shakespeare's level has never been reached, but it is unlikely that it was possible.
It remains to mention one incomprehensible place in the "Twelfth Night". In the second stage of the first act, Viola says to save her captain, which intends to serve in Orsino as Enun, mentions that he sings, plays different tools. However, in the future, it does not exhibit such abilities.
If Caesario was considered Enun, how could Olivia love him? This, however, can be explained by the fact that she knew nothing. But why did Orsino did not mention it when she spoke about marriage, why did he not accuse Caesario in deception? Why did he addressed Caesario like a boy, and not with the euna?
Three Shakespires - Flya, Nobl and J Dover Wilson solved this riddle. Initially, the role of Viol was performed by a boy, really well-sought singing and playing. It was he who in the fourth stage of the second act sang for Orsino a song about unfortunate love, and it is not difficult to assume that it was he who performed the role of Ophelia in Gamlet.
But over time, the boy rose and lost the ability to fulfill women's roles. Of course, it was possible to find another boy with the same vocal instrumental abilities or exclude a song from the play. However, a wonderful comedian actor came to the troupe, a talented singer and musician Robert Armin, the former author of the ballad. For him, the play was introduced the role of the feste jester, which became the performer of the song. Two new, pretty melancholic songs appeared, including final.
The play of the play was strongly changed, but the first scenes remained the same. In the second stage, the rows about Eunuch were left from the play, which fell in the first folio.
The basis of the play is the classic plot of literature of the times of medieval Europe. During the night shipwreck, the twins brother and sister lost each other. Each of them does not know, alive or not else.
Sister in search of a brother is disguised as a young man, hoping that this masquerade will allow her to find his brother faster. This dressing and leads to that series of amazing and comedic events described in the comedy.
The instructive idea of \u200b\u200bthe comedy lies in the fact that any trouble can be overcome. But the most important thing is that neither when you should not despair and fall into the despondency. In any, even the most difficult situation, do not be desirable. Life brings not only disappointment and bitterness of losses, but also happiness and love. And as in all comedies of the screen, it is clearly shown that neither when it's not to lose the sense of humor.
Read Short Contents Twelfth Night Shakespeare
The events described in the comedy occur in the country, which is invented by the author and is called Iliria. One of the young, but influential dukes named Orsino, suffer from undivided love for a young and very beautiful Countess of Olivia. A sorrowful event happened in her life - brother died suddenly.
According to the traditions of that time, she wears mourning and cannot answer the persistent courtship of their neighbor of the Duke. But the young duke is not going to retreat from achieving the target target. Since itself personally, it cannot often be in the house at a unlucky Olivia, he takes to the service that he liked him, a young man named Caesario, as secretary.
Trusting him all the innermost secrets of his unrequited love, he does not even realize that his young secretary is a beautiful girl. Her name of Viola, and she searches the twin-lost twin Sebastian. They sworn together on the ship. During the storm, their ship crashed about coastal rocks, and they lost each other. Hoping that her brother escaped her, she was disguised as a young man and go to search for his brother. It seems to her that in an unfamiliar country, it is in the form of a young man that will be much easier to be searched.
To this end, she comes to the service for the young and very influential duke. Possessing the literary talent, she helps him make a letter to adamant Olivia. Orsino trusts his secretary to fulfill this delicate mission - to take a letter and convince Olivia to answer his feelings. But, as happens in such situations, Viola herself loved his love for her owner of the duke. Therefore, to fulfill the messenger to the counteer, it is very unpleasant, but for the sake of brother's searches, it agrees to it.
Olivia, having listened to many persons, agrees to accept the Messenger of the Duke, and listen to his request. After reading the letter, and after hearing the eloquent recognition of Caesario on behalf of the Duke, she cannot answer his feelings and become his spouse. A bad attempt does not stop the Duke, and he once again sends Caesario to the Countess. And the second visit is not successful. But this reception for Caesario turns out to be more favorable and countess as a sign of good location gives him a memory ring. After another visit, Olivia no longer hides its sympathy for the Messenger and trying to show the signs of location to it.
In addition to the duke, the hands of Olivia is trying to achieve her friend of her uncle Sir Andrew. The third fan is the butler Countess Malvolio, which by all means is trying to achieve the arms and hearts of his young mistress.
In the rustling of Jealousy, Sir Andrew causes Caesario to a duel. During their duel, the former captain of the vessel Antonio passes by and entering Caesario, having accepted him for Brother Sebastian, who is so similar to his sister. As a result, the duel turns into a duel between Uncle Countess and captain Antonio. The patrol arrests the captain. Caesario (Viola) does not recognize the captain. But from this conversation, she begins to understand that her brother is alive.
By the will of the case of Viola leaves and in her place it turns out to be Sebastian. A young man gives a decent story to Sir Tobio. At this time, Olivia intervenes in a fight and takes Sebastian to his home. Here she confesses Sebastian in his love and agrees to become his wife. The young man does not understand anything yet agrees to marry with young and beautiful graphics.
Viola opens a duke and explains to him, for what purpose she had to change the young men, as well as confessed to his love. The duke is humbled with the loss of Olivia and responds to the feelings of the Viola.
All this messenger confusion ends only after Sebastian and Viola meet. As it should be on the plot, the story ends with two happy weddings of Orsino with Viola and Sebastian with Olivia.
O Piese
Shakespeare's play with the original name "Twelfth Night or anything" saw the light in the period from one thousand six hundred to a thousand six hundred and second year. She received such a name in honor of the Twelfth Night, which completes the series of winter holidays. These holidays are very actively and fun at the courtyard. english Queen in the Middle Ages. At the end of the seventeenth century, this play had another name, named one of her characters - Malvolio.
Picture or drawing twelve night
The narrator says that is very sick. A black man comes to him. He sits on the bed and does not allow you to sleep a storyteller. Black man reads a book as a monk at a funeral. This book is written about a person who drank a lot and was an adventurer
The information was preserved that this comedy was played in 1602 in
law Corporation Middle Temple. This should not, however, that she
it was a new play. E. K. Chember dates her 1599-1600 years. Last
time increasingly express the opinion that the name of one of the main characters was
given Shakespeare in honor of the Italian Orsino, the Duke of Brachiano, who visited
London in 1600-1601. Thus, opinions converge on what comedy
it should be attributed by 1600. At the same time, it is considered the last of the cheerful
comedy great playwright.
During the life of Shakespeare, the comedy did not appear in print and was first
Viola) borrowed from Barneby Richa's book "Farewell to a military profession"
(1581), but the plot had a long story to Rich: at first he appeared in
italian comedy "Celebrated" (1531), then in one of the novel Bandello
(1554), Belfort switched to Frenchman from him and he already got into England. But
borrowed was only the romantic line of the plot. Malvolio, Sir Toby
Bell, Maria, Sir Andrew Egusik - Creation of Shakespeare. However, and all
romantic history also understands Shakespeare in its own way.
The name is random. The twelfth night after Christmas was
the end of the winter holidays, and it was celebrated especially raver fun. TO
such a case and the comedy was confined for which Shakespeare was not looking for
approved the name more significant meaning. Twelfth night christmas
holidays were as if farewell to fun. If you believe the chronology
shakespeare's creativity, his comedy turned out to be a "farewell with freedom" and for
the playwright itself. After the "Twelfth Night" appear "Gloomy Comedy" and
great tragedies of Shakespeare, not a single cheerful comedy, he is no longer
So Shakespeare says goodbye to the cheerfulness. It seems he really
exhausted all the sources of the Commission and now, creating this comedy, repeats in
a new combination much of what we have met in his former
works. Comic confusion due to the similarity of the twins amounted to
the basis of the plot of his first "comedy error." Girl, disguised in male
the outfit was in the "Two Veronea", "Venetian merchant" and "how to you
like it. "Such a character like Sir Toby Bell is akin to Falst Afrai, and Andrew
Egian - Slender from "Windsor Mocking".
The new version of the old comedy Motive Shakespeare is the topic
the deceptivity of feelings playing such an important role in the "Twelfth Night". First
the hint of it was in the "Comedy of Errors", where we saw Luciana, stunned
the fact that Antifol Siracuse, which she takes for his brother,
explains to her love. Even more developed the motive of deceptiveness of feelings in "Dream in
summer night ": here Elena, first rejected his beloved, then
itself turns away from it under the influence of the witchcraft char. But the most bright
manifestation of blindness under the influence of love spell was, of course, famous
the episode in which the Queen of the Titania Elves caresses weaving the base decorated
oslay head. In the "Twelfth Night" deception of feelings is characteristic of Orsino and
Finally, as in a number of other comedies, the action of the "Twelfth Night"
it occurs in the setting somewhat unreal. The feelings of the heroes are quite
earthly, and they themselves are creatures from flesh and blood, but the world in which they
live, it is fabulous for the British of Shakespeare's time Illyria. Beautiful
name of the country located on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea,
sounded as much more exotic as now. Message about this distant edge
done to England Sailors arriving in London from all over the world. Shakespeare
he liked to choose for his comedies fabulous, exotic areas of action.
Illyry, Siciltsya, Bohemia - these names sounded to the public of Shakespeare
theater is romantically, and for romantic stories, he chose the countries with such
mysteriously tempting names.
It was necessary for this comedy, for a fun romantic fairy tale,
which wanted to tell the public Shakespeare. After all, his "twelfth night"
depicts what does not often happen in life, and if it happens, only there,
where the action takes place all the fairy tales, and it is usually there where we
never float.
In excellent Illyry live even more careless than in Ardenan
forest. They do not work here, do not fight and only sometimes hunt. The main thing
the occupation of the population is love and entertainment. All are engaged in this - from the duke
to servants. The ruler of this fabulous country does not
concerned. Orsino has more an important occupation: He is in love and delighted the soul with dreams
about his beautiful lover, listening to music.
In this country of love and fun jokes enters young Viola immediately after
shipwrecks, during which she lost the only one close
man, Brother Sebastian, as two drops of water similar to her face. AND
it is worth it to be on the shore of the Illyry, as it immediately covers a special
the atmosphere of this fabulous country. Brave girl loves adventure, and once
fate abandoned her here, she is ready to meet any surprises.
Dressing into a male dress, she comes with a musician to the yard of the duke. Her
masquerade - and means of self-defense, usual in those times when a woman should
was to hide its weakness and the manifestation of the characteristic heroine adventurism,
and a kind of "drawing", a joke that has breeding unexpected complications for it.
And, of course, she immediately falls in love, not only because young, but also
because he fell into the atmosphere of the courtyard, dreamed of Orsino about
beautiful love. She falls in love with him, and this love turns out to be
the source of painful experiences.
The charm of her young musical soul instantly conquers Viol gentle
the location of Orsino, which felt that from all the Page Caesario surrounding him,
as Viola called himself, it is best to understand his feelings. But for
duke she is a man, and, although Renaissance morals encouraged Platonic
passion between the people of one sex, as evidenced by "sonnets" the same
Shakespeare, Viola is eager for Love other. But it is inherent in selflessness. Her
love is not selfish. It will be bitter happiness for her if she is able
get the location to Orsino on the part of the beloved Olivia. Although analogy
it is not complete, but the system of feelings of the Viola finds some compliance in
the same "sonnets" of Shakespeare, the lyrical hero of which also experienced bitter
satisfaction is that two wonderful creatures expensive for him,
loved each other. Anyway. Viola is selflessly fighting for
so that Olivia responds to a feeling of orcino reciprocity. She knows how beautiful
talk about love that achieves an unexpected result: Olivia falls in love
in a disguised girl. And here it begins the comedy of deceptiveness of feelings,
that he liked to depict Shakespeare.
Of the three romantic heroes of the comedy Viola, the only possesses
only a hot heart, but also a clear mind. She is visible alone and all confusion
situations arising because of its dressing up. It belongs to the number of those
shakespeare's heroines whose wonderful femininity is combined with
resistant feelings, boundless loyalty, heart depth
experiences.
Orsino has a different sincere warehouse. He, like Romeo to a meeting with
Juliet, not so much loves the subject of his reeble, as in love with
love. His young soul opened for a big feeling, but his love is
as if admiring the beauty of experiences associated with this feeling. No wonder
he needs music so much. She nourishes and soothes his excited emotions.
Feelings of his subtle, and the former courageous entertainment, like hunting, now
do not give him pleasure. Communication with Caesario gives him much more
for in a gentle soul, he finds consonant with his experiences. He even himself
it is not realized how important this friendship is for him. When in the comedy finals
it turns out that Ceeario is a girl, Orsino does not have to rebuild his
attitude to this young creature that he has already fallen in love for
it understood his feelings so well. Therefore, for him the opening of genuine
the identity of the Viola is joy, and he instantly gives her all his thirsty
love love.
If all life Orsino passes in anticipation of great love capable
fill his heart, then we get acquainted with Olivia when it is, contrary to
nature, decided to deny himself in all joys of life. Having survived a big grief,
loss of father and brother, Olivia wanted to get away from the bustle of the world, close access
affection, whose deprivation causes suffering. But her soul is young and,
like Orsino and Viole, also ripe for love. Her determination of news
lifestyle lacks for a long time. As soon as it appears
Caesario, it awakens curiosity first, and then passion. Nature
volva, she is ready now to desire all and mandatory female modesty, and
position inequality (Caesario, although "he" and nobleman, nevertheless below
rank). And now it seeks reciprocity with that energy which
Viola Caesario showed to conquer her heart for Orsino.
We laugh, watching the peripetics of this funny story, but what pure and
perfect is this laughter! We know that Olivia is mistaken, but
we laugh are not over it, but above the quirks of young hearts, blinded by excess
boiling feelings in them. These feelings are beautiful and noble. They appear in them
the best mental abilities of a person, but this is the best, it turns out maybe
put in a ridiculous position of someone who is deprived of the opportunity to learn that
it is one or that who is a heart sense.
With Olivia, approximately the same thing as with Orsino at the end of the comedy.
Having met Brother Viol, Sebastian, she takes him for the group loved to her
and, having reached the limit of passion, it offers him immediately to marry. Happening
she reduced her first with a viola, the spiritual qualities of which were fascinated by the imagination of young
countess. She loved Ceareo-Viola not for appearance, but for courage,
character, perseverance and poetry of the soul. And then the case produced
submenu: Olivia met Sebastian, not only by the face, but also by others
qualities similar to sister. He boldly went to meet unexpectedly
the passion of Olivia and, praised by him, who fell on him
an unexpectedly nigandino in one moment gained happiness, which others are looking for a lifetime
and far from always find. It happens only in fairy tales, after all before us
it is a fairy tale about how people are looking for happiness in love, and how it is
it comes to them not at all as they expected him. Orsino sought Olivia,
and happiness found in Viola; Olivia arrested the reciprocity of Caesario-Viola, and found
her Sebastian; Viola suffered, not eating hope for happiness, but it
unexpectedly came to her; Sebastian was looking for sister, and found his beloved and
What is happening in the circle of Oselino - Olivia - Violi - Sebastian,
it is a high comedy, a comedy of clean and beautiful feelings. All the eyes of people
big spiritual nobility, maybe even too beautiful for
real world, but the perfect mental warehouse of such people and contributes to life
true beauty. Arts seeking to raise a person to
genuine heights of humanity, truth and beauty, elects such heroes to
through them to disclose what a person is capable of in his best manifestations.
But this is not the groundless ideality that deprives the artistic
image of persuasiveness, and high spiritual mood, combined with
amazing penetration into the actual properties of the human heart.
That is why Shakespeare remains a realistic and when it is immersed in the world
romantics. And therefore in the whole of this cute fairy tale where beautiful feelings
put people in funny provisions, we feel undoubted vitality.
Next to this world of high feelings - other, more earthly world, where man
it appears not in such a graceful form, but still not deprived of the feature in its own way.
cute. This is the world of Sir Toby Bellia and Mary. They are the center of him as the center
the world of beautiful feelings is Viola.
Sir Toby Bell is not a non-Illyrian resident. He has not only name
english. He is a typical "Bifhtex Eater" and the same amateur fun
popoch like Sir John Falstaf. His wit is smaller than that of the glorious
knight, but a ragged life he loves no less than him and a good joke too
knows the price.
Like Falstaf, Sir Toby believes that Born for fun and carefree
life. But at birth, he did not get funds for this, he is impoverished
nobleman and forced to live the Milosts of his niece of Olivia. However, Him
not at all confuses the position of the observed, for, as well as Falstaff, o
the existence of morality, he even vaguely suspects. It would be just what to eat
and most importantly, drink! It is necessary, however, pay off his ingenuity:
it has its own source of income, in addition to the Harcha, obtained in the house is rich
nieces. He is engaged in craft, which in London Shakespeare
called "rabbits' fishing - the abyss of naive provincials who came to
capital, Robert Green, Shakespeare's unfortunate, in several pamphlets described the techniques
this kind of city "hunting".
Sir Toby managed to pick up such a "rabbit" - this is a provincial
sir Andrew Egusik, who came to London - Sorry, Iliria - To
to show yourself, people see and at the same time find a rich bride. Sir Toby
he took to suck him out Olivia. Sir Andrew Olivia Reference - Funny
parody on Caring Orsino. Of course, Sir Toby did not be deceived
as for the possibility of marrying this sample on Olivia. Deceived Sir Andrew,
and this deception cost him a road. Sir Toby eats and drinks on his account, facilitating
purse of the rustic provincial. We will meet subsequently at Shakespeare more
one such situation is in "Othello" (Yago and Rodrigo), but it will end for
prostacy is tragic. But Toby is not Yago, not a villain, but a cheerful bonwist, and Andrew
sheets a loss of a wallet and a horse and several bruises from Sebastian.
Under the elderly windmill Sir Tobi mischievous Maria. She crawler on
fiction that freshes yourself and others. She wants to marry sir
Toby: It would comply with her with Mrs., which she serves. However,
calcality it exists not so much in this as in funny trips,
musturing it is much more matrononic plans. Sir Toby in
marriage network is a difficult thing, for he is not from those men who voluntarily
they break up with freedom to make a pigeon and have fun. If he and comes to
head to marry, except on such a mischievous girl like Maria who
the herself is inexhaustible for merry trips.
It cannot be said that Sir Toby's circle is the bottom of life, her scum.
Of course, respectability here does not even smell, but this is not an evil world. If a
romantic Heroes Comedy Live in the Kingdom of Love, then Sir Toby Company
lives in the kingdom of fun, and only Hangi and Puritan will refuse this world in
moral law to existence. True, the people of this world themselves about morality
throw, but for moral health of humanity laughter and fun
we are needed, and in this excuse of funny households Countess Olivia.
These people have an enemy - the butler Malvolio. Position it occupies
low, but others can bring enough harm. He is an enemy not only
they, but also a pleasant life at all. Malvolio - Dry, Pin, Stern
man, and there is something puritan in it. He willingly supports Olivia in her
the desire to observe mourning and live, extinguishing himself from the fuss of life. FROM
in displeasure, he looks at the favor of Olivia to Caesario. His
perturbs one thing that people want and can have fun, indulge
entertainment and love. He himself has one passion - ambition. Position
butler gives him a small, but tangible power over the household Olivia.
True, they are very unafforn and he constantly have to fight with them, but
he does not lose hope to tame them.
Cheerful company Sir Toby decides to adhere to Malvolio. How to do it,
invents chuckle Maria. This episode is too famous, and no need
retell it. Let's focus on the character of it.
At first, the draw, forcing Malvolio to believe that Olivia is in love
in it, it seems just funny and harmless. Gradually, however, joker
they reach the fact that they are mocking over Malvolio not without bitterness and anger.
The modern reader and especially the viewer joke begins to seem too
rough and cruel, and she no longer gives pleasure. But not follow
forget that Sir Toby and his company - people are indeed rude,
loving to English manners the most merciless "practical jokes" -
drawings from which a person can sometimes suffer seriously. Public
shakespeare's theater for which the executions were an interesting sight,
i looked at such jokes otherwise than we. One of the jokes - the appearance of a jester in
the closures of the priest and confession Malvolio (IV, 2) is a parody
on Catholic rituit (above Catholicism in Protestant England
it was allowed to rush).
The image of Malvolio, initially comic, gradually acquires another
color. It appears something causing pity. This is on the one hand. A C.
another - his figure becomes ominous. And although in this world of fun and love
he is powerless, a gloomy shadow, discarded by him, reminds of evil, which
there is B. real worldbecause, even if in a populous form, he is still
it has such features that darken Renaissance ideals. His
ambitious, malice, the hypocris and revenue were those vices that
Shakespeare saw and showed as sources of tragic in life.
But here Malvolio only threatens. In the world of fairy tales he is unrefected. therefore
even his duke relieves "persuade the world." Malvolio, however, leaves the scene
inspected and irreconcilable enemy of joy and fun. They triumph
victory in a series of marriages ending comedy. And we have the feeling that
although everything ends safely, but somewhere outside of this fabulous
the world falls terrible threats to man and humanity.
Shakespeare remains faithful to himself that even this sinister image is not
turned into a wetting embodiment of villainism. First of all it is a kind
human character, let the unpleasant, but definitely real. Sir Toby,
Maria and the rest of the right, fighting against Malvolio. But not the whole truth on their
side. Above the truth that is embodied in the spiritual nobility of the Viola,
Orsino and Olivia. But in general, people of these two worlds are allies in denial
head and approval of the joy of life. At the same time, happiness of noble love
above those primitive pleasures for which Toby lives and others like him.
In addition to Malvolio, all the characters of the comedy are kind, cheerful, responsive
and cheerful. There is another character allocated among them. This is the jester fest.
We see it among the participants of the funny draw, who is learned over
Malvolio, hearing his bold jokes over those whom he must obey.
He is one of the most witty Shakespeare's jesters. But there is a trait in it,
distinguishing it from all predecessors in Shakespeare's comedies.
Fest Melancholic, it feels some fatigue from fun,
which others enjoy others. He performs in comedy as
an expressive of moods divergent with a common tone of it. In Melancholy Fezte.
criticism has long seen the foresight of the future tragedy of Shakespeare.
Meanwhile, the image of the fest, as we know it now - the result
changes made to comedy in the process of its stage history on
shakespeare's theater. The discovery of this we are obliged to three researchers -
Flaia, Noblu and J. Brovale Wilson.
To understand the essence of the case, we must remember the beginning of the comedy. Viola says
that she knows how to sing and play musical instruments. As
the musician she goes to the court of Orsino. But in the current text she is nowhere
sings and does not musitize. What is this "forgetfulness" of Shakespeare? Not. Initially
the role of Viola performed a boy actor who signed to sing beautifully and played on
musical instruments. It is not difficult to imagine that it is Viola
performed the sad song "Hurry to me, death, hurry ...", which is so
i liked Orsino. She corresponded to his sad mood,
caused by unrequited love, and the feelings of the Viola itself.
But time passed, the actor boy lost the data required for this
roles and the song was supposed to fall out of the play. But here it helped the new
circumstance. A wonderful comedian joined the Barbrej's Troupe - Shakespeare
Robert Armin, an excellent musician who has a good voice. The song was
transferred to him. Reading carefully into the text, it is not difficult to see how
redone the scene for the Fest to be called to the Yersino courtyard and
performed a lyrical song. Apparently, at the same time was added and
final song, also performed fest and wearing
ironically melancholic character.
This way, apparently, penetrated the comedy those melancholic
motives that not only gave a new color image of the fest, but also put
print for the whole play as a whole. This alteration has already been treated by the time
when Shakespeare created his great tragedies and "gloomy comedies". From here
it can be concluded that the introduction of new motives in the comedy was not
accident. But you should not exaggerate their meaning. "Twelfth Night"
it remains one of the most cheerful, optimistic comedies of Shakespeare.
Creating it in the original form, Shakespeare and did not suspect anything about
"Farewell to freedom." Only then it turned out that he was no longer no longer
i was able to write a single such cheerful and charming comedy like this.
The information was preserved that this comedy was played in 1602 in the law corporation MIDL-Temple. From this should not, however, that she was a new play. E. K. Chember dates her 1599-1600 years. IN lately Increasingly, they express the opinion that the name of one of the main characters was given to Shakespeare in honor of the Italian Orsino, the Duke of Bracchiano, who visited London in 1600-1601. Thus, opinions converge on the fact that the comedy should be attributed by 1600. At the same time, it is considered the last of the cheerful comedies of the great playwright.
During the life of Shakespeare, the comedy did not appear in print and was published for the first time in Folio 1623. The main line of action (Olivia - Orsino - Viola) is borrowed from the book Barneby Richa "Farewell to the military profession" (1581), but the plot had a long story to Rich: at first he appeared in the Italian comedy "Celebrated" (1531), then in one of Novel Bandelle (1554), Belfort switched to Frenchman from him and already came to England from here. But only the romantic line of the plot was borrowed. Malvolio, Sir Toby Bell, Maria, Sir Andrew Egusik - Creation of Shakespeare. However, the whole romantic story also understands Shakespeare in its own way.
The name is random. The twelfth night after Christmas was the end of the winter holidays, and she was celebrated especially raver fun. To such a case, a comedy was timed, for which Shakespeare did not seek the name, offering the public to consider it "anything." Criticism, however, attributed the name more significant meaning. The twelfth night of the Christmas holidays was like a farewell with fun. If you believe the chronology of the Creativity of Shakespeare, then his comedy turned out to be a "farewell with cheerfulness" and for the playwright itself. After the "Twelfth Night" appear "gloomy comedies" and the great tragedies of Shakespeare, not a single cheerful comedy, he will no longer create.
So Shakespeare says goodbye to the cheerfulness. It seems that he really has exhausted all the sources of the Commission and now, creating this comedy, repeats in a new combination much of what we have already met in its former works. The comic confusion due to the similarity of the twins was the basis of the plot of his first "comedy of errors". The girl, disguised in the male outfit, was in the "Two Veronatsa", the "Venetian merchant" and "how you like it." Such a character like Sir Toby Bell is akin to Falst Africa, and Andrew Egusik - Slender from "Windsor Mocking".
The new version of the old comedic motive of Shakespeare is the topic of deceptiveness of feelings, which plays such an important role in the "Twelfth Night". The first hint of it was in the "comedy of mistakes", where we saw Luciana, stunned by the fact that the antifuch of the Syracuse, which she takes for his brother, explains her in love. The motive of deceptiveness of feelings in the "dream in the summer night" is even more developed: here Elena, first rejected his beloved, then herself turns away from him under the influence of the witchcraft char. But the most striking manifestation of blindness under the influence of love charms was, of course, the famous episode, in which the queen of the Titania elves caresses the base, decorated with a donkey head. In the "Twelfth Night" deception of feelings is characteristic of Orsino and Olivia.
Finally, as in a number of other comedies, the action of the "Twelfth Night" occurs in the setting somewhat unreal. The feelings of the heroes are quite earthly, and they themselves are essentials of flesh and blood, but the world in which they live is fabulous Illyria for the British. Beautiful name The countries located on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea sounded as exotic as now. Message about this distant region was conveyed to England Sailors arriving in London from all over the world. Shakespeare loved choosing for his comedies fabulous, exotic actions. Illyry, Sicily, Bohemia - these names sounded for the public of the Shakespearean theater romantically, and for romantic stories He chose the countries with such mysteriously tempting names.
It was necessary for this comedy, for a fun romantic fairy tale, which Shakespeare's public wanted to tell. After all, his "twelve night" depicts what it does not often happen in life, and if it happens, only where all the fairy tales occurs, and it is usually there, where we will never get.
In excellent Illyria, they live even more careless than in the Ardennes forest. They do not work here, do not fight and only sometimes hunt. The main occupation of the population is love and entertainment. All are engaged in this - from the duke to servants. The ruler of this fabulous country is not concerned about the affairs of its state. Orsino has a more important occupation: he is in love and delighted the soul with dreams about his beautiful lover, listening to music.
In this country of love and fun jokes enters young Viola immediately after the shipwreck, during which she lost the only one close man, Brother Sebastian, as two drops of water similar to her face. And it is worth it to be on the shore of the Illyry, as it immediately covers a special atmosphere of this fabulous country. The brave girl loves adventure, and since fate threw it here, she is ready to meet any surprises. Dressing into a male dress, she comes with a musician to the yard of the duke. Her Masquerade - and the means of self-defense, usual in those times when a woman had to hide her weakness, and the manifestation of the characteristic of the heroine of adventurism, and a kind of "drawing", a joke, who had unexpected complications for her. And, of course, she immediately falls in love, not only because young, but also because he fell into the atmosphere of the courtyard, dreamed by the dreams of Orsino about beautiful love. She fell in love with him, and this love turns out to be a source of painful experiences.
The charm of her young musical soul instantly conquers Viol a gentle arrangement of Orsino, which felt that from all the Page Caesario, as Viola called himself, is best able to understand his feelings. But for the Duke, she is a man, and, although Renaissance morals encouraged the Platonic passion between the people of the same sex, as evidenced by the "sonnets" of Shakespeare itself, Viola is eager for Love other. But it is inherent in selflessness. Her love is not selfish. It will be bitter happiness for her if it is able to achieve the location of Orsino on the part of the beloved Olivia. Although the analogy is not complete, but the system of feelings of the Viola finds some compliance in the same "sonnets" of Shakespeare, whose lyrical character also experienced bitter satisfaction is that two beautiful creatures, expensive for him, fell in love with each other. One way or another, Viola is selflessly fighting for Olivia to respond to a feeling of orcino. She knows how to talk so beautifully about the love, which seeks an unexpected result: Olivia falls in love with a disguise girl. And here begins the comedy of the deceptivity of the feelings, which she liked to depict Shakespeare.
Of the three romantic heroes of the comedy Viola, not only hot heart, but also a clear mind. She is alone and the whole tangle of the situation arising from its dressing up. It belongs to the number of those Shakespearers, whose wonderful femininity is combined with the resistance of feelings, boundless loyalty, the depth of heart experiences.
Orsino has a different sincere warehouse. He, like Romeo to a meeting with Juliet, does not so much loves the subject of his frozen, as in love with love. His young soul opened for a big feeling, but his love is like the admissance of the beauty of experiences associated with this feeling. No wonder he needs music. She nourishes and soothes his excited emotions. Feelings of his thin, and former courageous entertainment, like hunting, now do not give him pleasure. Communication with Caesario gives him much more, for in a gentle soul, he finds consonant with his experiences. He even does not know how important this friendship is important for him. When in the comedy final it turns out that Caesario is a girl, Orsino does not have to rebuild his attitude to this young creature, which he has already loved for the fact that it understood his feelings so well. Therefore, for him, the opening of the genuine identity of Viola is joy, and he instantly gives her all his thirsty reciprocity of love.
If the whole life of Orsino passes in anticipation of great love, able to fill his heart, then we get acquainted with Olivia when she, despite nature, decided to refuse themselves in all the joys of life. Having survived a big mountain, the loss of father and brother, Olivia wanted to leave the bustle of the world, close access to affection, whose deprivation causes suffering. But her soul is young and, like Orsino and Viol, also ripe for love. Its determined to lead a harmful lifestyle lacks for a long time. As soon as Caesario appears, curiosity is awakening in it, and then passion. Vatra Volvae, she is now ready to desire all and mandatory female modesty, and the inequality of the situation (Caesario, although "he" and nobles, still below its rank). And now it seeks reciprocity with that energy, what Viola Caesario showed to win her heart for Orsino.
We laugh, watching the peripetics of this funny story, but what kind of clean and beautiful is this laughter! We know that Olivia is mistaken, but we laugh are not over it, but over the quirks of young hearts blinded by an excess of boiling feelings. These feelings are beautiful and noble. They show the best mental abilities of a person, but this is the best, it turns out, can put in a ridiculous position of the one who is deprived of the opportunity to learn what is the one or the one who is sent to the heart sense.
With Olivia, approximately the same thing as with Orsino at the end of the comedy. Having met Viol's brother, Sebastian, she takes him for the group who loved her and, having reached the limit of passion, invites him to get married immediately. The case has reduced it first with a viola, the spiritual qualities of which were fascinated by the imagination of young countess. She loved Caesario Viola not for appearance, but for courage, character, perseverance and poetry of the soul. And then the case made a substitution: Olivia met Sebastian, not only by the face, but also by other qualities of a similar sister. He boldly went to meet the stream of Olivia's passion unexpectedly who had fallen at him and, caught by him, unexpectedly, in one moment, found the happiness, whom others are looking for all his life and are far from always finding. It happens only in fairy tales, after all, we are fairy tale about how people are looking for happiness in love, and how it comes to them is not exactly as they expected him. Orsino sought Olivia, and happiness found in Viola; Olivia eats up the reciprocity of Caesario-Viol, and Sebastian gained her; Viola suffered, not eating hope for happiness, but it suddenly came to her; Sebastian was looking for sister, and found his beloved and his wife.
What happens in the circle of Orsino - Olivia - Violi - Sebastian, is a high comedy, a comedy of clean and beautiful feelings. All of them are people of a big spiritual nobility, maybe even too beautiful for the real world, but the perfect mental warehouse of such people and contributes to true beauty. The arts seeking to raise a person to the genuine heights of humanity, truth and beauty, elect such heroes in order to disclose them, to which a person is capable of at their best manifestations.
But this is not the inclusive ideality that deprives an artistic image of persuasiveness, and high spiritual mood, combined with amazing penetration into the real properties of the human heart. That is why Shakespeare remains a realistic and then when it is immersed in the world of romance. And therefore, in the whole of this cute fairy tale, where beautiful feelings put people in funny positions, we feel undoubted vitality.
Next to this world of high feelings - other, more terrestrial world, where a person does not appear in such an elegant form, but still not deprived of his own very cute. This is the world of Sir Toby Bellia and Mary. They are the center of his, as the center of the world of beautiful feelings is Viola.
Sir Toby Bell is not a non-Illyrian resident. He has not only English name. He is a typical "Bifhtex Eater" and the same amateur of cheerful pops, like Sir John Falstaf. His wit is less than that of a glorious knight, but a rampant life he loves no less than him and a good joke also knows the price.
Like Falstaf, Sir Toby believes that born for fun and carefree life. But at birth, he did not get funds for this. He is a helentist nobleman and is forced to live the milles of his niece of Olivia. However, it is not at all embarrassing the position of the observed, because, as well as Falstaf, he does not even suspect him about the existence of morality. It would only have to eat, and most importantly, drink! It is necessary, however, to give his own ingenuity: he has its own source of income, in addition to Harcha, obtained in the house of a rich niece. He is engaged in the craft, which in London Shakespeare's times was called the "Fishing of Rabbits" - the abyss of naive provincials who came to the capital. Robert Green, Sulti Shakespeare, in several pamphlets described the techniques of this type of city "hunting".
Sir Toby managed to pick up such a "rabbit" - this is the provincial Sir Andrew Egusik, who came to London - forgive, in Ilryry, - to see himself, to see and at the same time find a rich bride. Sir Toby took the Olivia to suck him. Sir Andrew by Olivia is a funny parody of Orsino Caring. Of course, Sir Tobi did not be deceived about the ability to marry this spacecraft on Olivia. Sir Andrew was deceived, and this deception cost him a road. Sir Toby eats and drinks at his expense, facilitating the wallet of a rustled provincial. We will meet later at Shakespeare another such situation - in "Othello" (Yago and Rodrigo), but there it will end for the simpler tragic. But Toby is not Yago, not a villain, but a cheerful bonworn, and Andrew is separated by loss of a wallet and a horse and a few bruises from Sebastian.
Under the elderly windmill Sir Tobi mischievous Maria. She is a master on fiction that sweats themselves and others. She wants to marry Sir Toby: it would be equal to her with Mrs., which she serves. However, the prosecution it shows not so much in this as in funny practitioners who are making it much more matrimonional plans. Sir Toby in a marriage network is a difficult matter, for he is not from those men who voluntarily part with freedom to make a pigeon and have fun. If he will come to mind to marry, except that on such a naughty girl like Maria, which is inexhaustible for merry trips.
It cannot be said that Sir Toby's circle is the bottom of life, her scum. Of course, respectability here does not even smell, but this is not an evil world. If the romantic heroes of the comedy live in the kingdom of love, then Sir Toby's company lives in the kingdom of fun, and only Hangi Yes Puritan will refuse this world in the moral right to exist. True, the people of this world themselves do not think about morality, but for moral health of humanity, laughter and fun are needed, and in this excuse of funny households Countess Olivia.
These people have an enemy - the butler Malvolio. The position he takes a low, but others can bring enough harm. He is an enemy not only to them, but also a pleasant life at all. Malvolio is a dry, tin, stern man, and there is something puritan in it. He willingly supports Olivia in her desire to observe mourning and live, extinguishing from the fuss of life. With displeasure, he looks at the favor of Olivia to Caesario. It is already outraged by one thing that people want and can have fun, indulge in entertainment and love. He himself has one passion - ambition. The position of the butler gives him a small, but tangible power over the household of Olivia. True, they are very unregistered and he constantly have to fight with them, but he does not lose hope to told them.
Cheerful company Sir Toby decides to adhere to Malvolio. How to do it, inventing the laughter of Maria. This episode is too famous, and there is no need to retell it. Let's focus on the character of it.
At first, the draw, forcing Malvolio to believe that Olivia is in love with him, it seems just funny and harmless. Gradually, however, joker reach the fact that they mock Malvolio not without fierce and anger. A modern reader and especially the viewer joke begins to seem too rude and cruel, and she no longer gives pleasure. But we should not forget that Sir Toby and his company - people are indeed rude, loving in English manners the most merciless "practical jokes" - draws, from which a person can sometimes seriously suffer. The audience of the Shakespearean theater for which the executions were an interesting sight, looked at such jokes otherwise than we. One of the jokes is the appearance of a jester in the closure of a priest and confession Malvolio (IV, 2) is a parody of Catholic ritual (over Catholicism in Protestant England, it was allowed to rush).
The image of Malvolio, first, comic, gradually acquires a different color. It appears something causing pity. This is on the one hand. And on the other hand, the figure becomes ominous. And although in this world of fun and love, he is powerless, a dark shadow, discarded by him, is reminded of evil, which exists in the real world, for, even if in a populous form, he still possesses such features that darken Renaissance ideals. His ambition, evilness, the pinnacle and vitality were the vices that Shakespeare saw and showed as sources of tragic in life.
But here Malvolio only threatens. In the world of fairy tales he is unrefected. Therefore, even his duke will tell "persuade the world." Malvolio, however, leaves the scene an indisputable and irreconcilable enemy of joy and fun. They triumph victory in a series of marriages ending comedy. And we have the feeling that although everything ends well, but somewhere outside of this fabulous world there are terrible threats to man and humanity.
Shakespeare remains faithful to himself that even this sinister image did not turn into a wetting embodiment of the evil. First of all, this is a kind of human character, even if an unpleasant, but definitely real. Sir Toby, Maria and the rest of the right, fighting against Malvolio. But not the whole truth on their side. Above the truth, which is embodied in the spiritual nobility of Viola, Orsino and Olivia. But in general, the people of these two worlds are allies in denial of the pinnedness and approval of the joy of life. At the same time, the happiness of noble love is higher than those primitive pleasures, for which Toby lives and others like him.
In addition to Malvolio, all the characters of Comedy are kind, cheerful, responsive and cheerful. But there is another character allocated among them. This is the jester fest. We see it among the participants of the funny draw, who was learned over Malvolio, hearing his bold jokes over those whom he is obliged to obey. He is one of the most witty Shakespeare's jesters. But there is a trait that distinguishes him from all predecessors in Shakespeare's comedies.
Fest Melancholic, it feels some fatigue from fun who are so easy to enjoy. He performs in comedy as an expressant of moods, divergent with a common tone of it. In Melancholy Fest criticism has long seen the foresight of the future tragedy of Shakespeare.
Meanwhile, the image of the Fest, which we now know it - the result of changes made to the comedy in the process of its stage history at the Shakespeare Theater. We are obliged to three researchers - Flaia, Noblu and J. Brovier Wilson.
To understand the essence of the case, we must remember the beginning of the comedy. Viola says she knows how to sing and play on musical instruments. As a musician, she goes to the court of Orsino. But in the current text she does not sing anywhere and does not musitize. What is this - "forgetfulness" of Shakespeare? Not. Initially, the role of Viola performed a boy-actor who signed to sing beautifully and playing musical instruments. It is easy to imagine that it was Viola who performed the sad song "Hurry to me, death, hurry ...", which so liked Orsino. She corresponded to his sad mood caused by unrequited love, and the feelings of the Viola itself.
But the time passed, the actor boy lost its data necessary for this role, and the song was supposed to fall out of the play. But here a new circumstance helped. A wonderful comedian Robert Armin, an excellent musician, who had a good voice, entered the Barbedja Taroupe - Shakespeare. The song was transferred to him. Performed carefully into the text, it is not difficult to see how the scene was redone for the Fest to be called to the Yersino courtyard and executed a lyrical song. Apparently, the final song was added at the same time, also performed by the fest and wearing irony-melancholic character.
It is this way that, apparently, penetrated the comedy those melancholic motives that not only gave a new color to the form of the fest, but also put the stamp on the entire play as a whole. The alteration was already treated by the time Shakespeare created his great tragedies and "dark comedies". From here we can conclude that the introduction of new motives in the comedy was not an accident. But you should not exaggerate their meaning. "Twelfth night" remains one of the most cheerful, optimistic comedies of Shakespeare. Creating it in its original form, Shakespeare and did not suspect anything "farewell to freedom." Only then it turned out that he was no longer able to write any such fun and charming comedy like this.
A. Anikst
William Shakespeare - Great English playwright, a real reformer in areas such as literature and theater. that he and his work is very famous in the whole world, about his personality we know very and very little.
This does not interfere with his works being the most cited in the world, after the Bible, of course. The quotes of Shakespeare became truly popular, even those who were possible and did not read the work itself. In the legacy of the playwright more than ten comedy plays. Everyone knows the comedy "Sleeping in the Summer Night", Venetian merchant, "" Many noise from nothing "," Taming String "and others. Despite the fact that all Shakespearecom comedies are not similar to each other, there are something in them. All of them are filled with unrestrained fun, which is sometimes intertwined with sadness. And in them outstanding, the prevailing heroes.
Romantic fairy tale of a wonderful country of love
One of the most amazing and cheerful comedies of Shakespeare is the comedy of the "twelve" The playwright shows the viewer the country in which the hero is looking for love, and he will certainly find it, although sometimes absolutely not where it was looking for her. This comedy is one of the most fun his plays, which is filled with a variety of jokes and optimism. The "twelve night" William Shakespeare is a brilliant, exquisite work that the author built on accurate aphorisms, on the game not only words, but also the game of the mind. The happiness of the heroes of Shakespeare's plays is very close, they do not even expect it for the closest turn. Native, about the meeting with whom they do not even hope, they will see too soon. And it's all so nice and so unexpected. Here is the main summary. "Twelfth Night" - Shakespeare here, as always magnificent and unusually witty.
About Comedy William Shakespeare "Twelfth Night, or anything"
In the center of the Shakespeare Plays "Twelfth Night" we see love feelings, which are shown by natural natural start with their whimsality and subjectivity. Shakespeare quotes perfectly emphasize such an attitude to love. Such feelings are inherent only by free people, what are the main characters of the work. When this strong sense of love faces various adverse circumstances, conflict occurs. But how is the comedy without comic effects? They are achieved by the playwright with how it depicts various obstacles that arise on the path of lovers of the main characters. After all, these barriers are actually illusory. This effect is accompanied by a stunning voltage that does not leave us to the culmination itself, which turns out to be no less bright. This is clearly visible, even if you read a summary ("twelfth night", Shakespeare).
Existing characters
All the events of this famous Shakespearecom comedy will occur in the fabulous country of Illyria, near the sea coast. To understand what is happening, you must first get to know the main acting persons Pieces. Shakespeare "Twelfth Night", Main characters:
Viola girl who gives himself for a group of Caesario;
Duke of Illyria Orsino;
Young Countess Olivia;
Brother twin Viola Sebastian;
Friend of Viola and Sebastian, Captain of the Ship Antonio;
Uncle Olivia Sir Toby Bell;
Olivia's rehabiller and her uncle companion, Sir Andrew Egusik.
Also in the comedy there are such characters as an approximate Duke Kurio and Valentine, the servants of Olivia Fest and Fabian, Camertka Maria.
Topic, events, main characters
The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe "Twelfth Night" is revealed by a talented playwright through the eternal theme of love and consists in the values \u200b\u200bof a person in itself, without taking into account his title, or wealth. In the first place is his soul, moral qualities. Let's still consider a summary. "Twelfth Night", Shakespeare. Comedy events will develop, based on the situation, which is shown in the exposure. The main heroine named Viola during one of the sea travel lost his beloved brother, which he tells the captain. Another heroine of the "Twelfth Night" Shakespeare - Young Countess Olivia, who stays in Tour. She grieves about the death of his brother and father, so he lives by a gate. The Duke of Orsino is cared for her, which just wants to be in love. Great Olivia is a suitable candidate in his environment. He invented himself this love, but does nothing to personally explain in his feelings. He does not seek meetings with a young countess, but sends his courtiers to it.
Tie scene
It is with a string plot in comedies will begin various misunderstandings that will often look funny, partly funny. When Viola takes a strange decision - to serve in the duke. But serve to Orsino, it does not like Viola, but as Caesario. From this point on, everything was confused, each new object of love appears. So, Viola falls in love with who she serves. But how to open the duke? It's impossible. The same Viola liked the young Olivia very much, which begins to experience sincere feelings towards Fraja.
But on them Viola as Caesario, of course, cannot answer. As a result of these events, the jealousy of Sir Andrew flashes, which causes young Caesario to a duel. The junction in the comedy will come only when the secret of Caesario is revealed. This will happen with the advent of Sebastian, the twin brother Viola. Only then suffering a changeable girl will be able to end (read the summary, "twelfth night" Shakespeare).
Characteristics of women's images of the comedy Shakespeare "Twelfth Night"
Female images depicted by Shakespeare in the "Twelfth Night", decisive and active, they are more generous and noble than men.
Despite the fact that the monologue of Viola ("twelve night", William Shakespeare) emphasizes: "Oh, as we are weak women, alas ..." They have more positive qualities than in male characters. Most. bright way In this sense is the image main heroine Violi. It is not better than the Renaissance era. Viola is a beautiful, educated and beautifully educated girl, which is also an enterprising, active and brave. Its confidently can be called the mistress of his life, it easily has people to themselves. And being in an unfamiliar situation, quickly mastered, boldly acts and fascinates all who are with her next.
Decent many praise also Countess Olivia. She is decisive, and also honest. He lives by the bearer of the heart, so no minute doubts, choosing an unfamiliar young man, to which he feeds deep feelings instead of marriage bonds by calculation.
Even Maria, Camera Strait, can fight back and stand up for itself if necessary. It is brave, inventive, very sharp in tongue.
Their features
We continue to consider the work that William Shakespeare wrote. "Twelfth Night" - this is a comedy that brightly shows the equivalence of women and men. Each of the male images presented in the work of the playwright embodies one of the features of a female character.
Duke Orsino with a purely Italian temperament. He is very powerful, so does not tolerate failure. Despite such behavioral features, it is very difficult to call it eloquent or selfish. In its essence, he is still generous. Having learned about the sympathy of the Countess to Fontage, first Orsino is not considered with her feelings. He is jealous, Mustit, but, having received a refusal, immediately retreats.
Sir Toby also has a lot of negative qualities: he is not serious and unreliable, loves the feast and tolerate any duties. It is not surprising that in his solid age he is still a bachelor. But love makes him more attractive.
As for Sebastian, this is a positive character from all possible parties. It is very beautiful, but also honest and dips. It is not surprising that it was his Olivia, and not the dominated duke. The image of Sebastian is the image of a peculiar "beautiful prince", the embodiment of the Knight's honor and valor.
Image of love feelings in Comedy W. Shakespeare "Twelfth night, or anything"
Love in Shakespeare's works, in particular in the Comedy "Twelfth Night" - one of the basic themes through which the author claims the main humanistic idea. But love depicted by them is a kind of whimsical feeling in a variety of options. Most often it occurs unexpectedly, even suddenly. Shakespeare's love has a lot of hat, depending on the hero in love. After all, they all love not equally, but in their own way. The playwright shows every person as a personality, individuality, which are not similar to other personal experiences.
Love relationships on the example of lovers of couples from Comedy "Twelfth Night"
Duke Orsini to Olivia is invented love. When he finds out in Caesario in love with Viol, decides to immediately marry her. What, on the one hand, it may seem satisfied, but, given how well the duke knew Caesario, his act does not look frivolously.
Suddenly, the love of Olivia flashed to a simple partja. But she is not important to the social status of the chosen, nor his financial situation. It acts and achieves reciprocity. Sebastiano, which is taken for Caesario, considers the love of the Countess with a gift of fate, immediately responding to her.
Another couple of lovers is Sir Toby and Maria. For the nobleman, Toby Balcha does not matter the fact that Maria is a simple maid. Social situation does not play roles for any of the heroes in love.
Why you can not give icons
Is it possible to give icons as a gift: Signs, the opinion of the Church
A year ago left her husband, and now I do not know what to do