Unique CNC constructions from aluminum profile. Independent production CNC machine. Maximum attention - bed

The machine itself consists of aluminum profiles and 3D details that I independently created and printed on the printer. I stopped my choice on 3D details because I do not have a variety of tools and equipment that would create accurate and high-quality elements crafts. Therefore, my 3D printer and simple hand tools For final assembly.

Step 1: Materials

caliper for guides ∅ 2cm - 8pcs
guides ∅ 2cm x 30cm - 2pcs
guides ∅ 2 cm x 60cm - 2pcs
worm guide 30cm - 1pc
worm guide 60cm - 1pc
z axis for cnc
caliper with internal thread
smooth sleeve
bracket for milling
stepper engines
transitional clutch for motor shaft (1cm to 0.6cm)
microswitters - 6pcs
crimp connectors
contact connectors with fastening nut - 4pcs
plugs for contact connectors - 4pcs
cable
aluminum profile with T-shaped grooves 60x30: for frame and vertex - 65cm, for the table - 315cm (profile with holes in the end), vertical - 61cm (+ 4 end plugs)
aluminum profile with T-shaped grooves 120х30: Side sides - 61cm (+ 4 Face plugs)
T-shaped bolts M6
m6 Bolts and Nuts
bearing 1cm x 2.2cm

Step 2: 3D Details

In the software for 3D design, I created layouts of brackets that will hold the guides, as well as a bracket layout for a stepper motor that fastes it to the frame. A large plus 3D printing is that the details are very accurate and there is no need to customize and drill holes. So, designed required details crafts Here in this program, I then printed them on my 3D printer.

Step 3: Cherry Guide Holes

In the side end profiles, the holes for the worm guide drilled, they must be slightly larger than the diameter of the guides themselves (1cm).

Step 4: Assembly

With the help of T-shaped and ordinary bolts collected mozhetetali together.

Step 5: Terminal Switches

On the collected design Passed the limit switches that will turn off the movement carriage movement at endpoints.

The cable spent on the principle of "normally closed", that is, with a short circuit self-timer will go B. safe mode. To do this, I had to modify the power of the control unit and put the emergency shutdown button.

Step 6: Setting Mach3 Parameters

To configure traffic values \u200b\u200bover the axes, I used this useful site and received:
Stepper motor angle - 1.8 °
Transmission number of engines and worm guide 1: 1
Meaning CNC Controller ¼ Step
For the Z axis: Cherical transmission 9.53mm (2.11mm leading), move in mm 379,47
For x and y axis: worm gear 9.53mm (5.08 mm leading) x 381mm, move in mm 157,48

Step 7: Final Step

As a final refinement, I cut out and installed the working surface of the MDF, on which it is easy and quick to place / change the elements processed.

Well, most recent step There was a connection Mozgostanka To the computer and its launch, the truth has yet left a lot of time reading instructions for Mach3 🙂

Step 8: Refinement - Case

The first thing I did after all the main works is the hull for electronics, which will protect electronic parts from dust and other troubles.

Step 9: First Samples

Testing Mozgostanka It passed normally, but revealed several flaws:

- Ya Lamuft Axis. Y axis Worm is installed in conventional calipers, but later I plan to install non-flame calipers.

- With the rapid movement of the carriage along the Y axis there are light frame deviations. The reason is not a balance of the frame, and I plan to solve the installation of additional aluminum profilewho at the same time will strengthen the whole frame.

- false triggering of limit switches. Possible cause in hovering from not shielded cable. I had to make changes to the code to reconfigure their triggering.

Step 10: Refinement - Rotation Speed \u200b\u200bController and Emergency Shutdown Button

Mill I installed on my mozgostanians, It has a fixed speed of rotation of the cutter, so it was necessary to install an additional speed regulator, namely the alternating current control module.

Even in the rupture of the supply wires mounted an emergency stop button, which, if necessary, turns off the milling and the carriage movement.

Here I got the first CNC machine! Thank you for mooregonal And good luck in creativity!

Now just more about the main assembly.

So, the following components will be required to assemble the frame:

Cut profile 2020 (two longitudinal, 5 transverse, 2 vertical parts)
Profile corners 16 pcs
T-nuts m3 or m4 for groove-6mm
Screws for installation with T-nuts (m3 or m4, respectively, 8 ... 10 mm, plus M3x12 for fastening engines)
Strut (corner under 45 °)
Tool (screwdriver)

Once the conversation about the profile, then just in case, duplicate about the purchase and cutting of the profile at the gathering

This is structural.
I bought immediately sliced \u200b\u200bin the size of the profile set for 2418.
There are two options - profile without coating (cheaper) and coated (anodized). The difference in the cost is small, I recommend with a coating, especially if used as guides for rollers.

Choose need type Profile 2020, then enter "cut in size". Otherwise, you can buy one segment (whip) 4 meters. When calculating, keep in mind that the cost of one cut is different, depending on the profile. And that the cut is laid 4 mm.

Enter the sizes of segments. I made the machine 2418 a little more, these are seven segments of 260 mm and two vertical 300 mm. Vertical can be done smaller. If the machine is needed longer, then two longitudinal segments are more, for example, 350 mm, transverse also 260 mm (5 pcs).

I confirm (I must definitely add to the cutting card)

Checking the basket

The profile is obtained by 667r with the cutting service.

Delivery is carried out by TC, it is possible to calculate the cost by calculator, as the profile size is known to you, the weight is very well considered in the cutting map. For calculation, the option "Supplier's charges" is needed. Delivery business lines will cost cheaper, about 1000 rubles.

You can pick up by pickup in Moscow.

In one place office, warehouse and workshop, where they cut a profile in size. There is a showcase with samples, you can pick up a profile on the spot.

So, we start collecting the frame desktop 2418.
Here is a cut profile.

In this design, I increased the axis Z (a little more by a couple of cm than others) to use the machine as a CNC florider.
In the original axis Z is the shortest. These are already deciding under your goals. To lengthen the working field, you need to buy two profile segments (longitudinal steam) larger on the desired length (for example, + 10 cm), respectively, the guides are extended (+11 cm with a pair of 8 mm of shafts) and the screw (+10 cm screw T8). For money, it turns out completely cheaply voiced +10 cm: the cost of 10 + 10 cm profile about 40 rubles, guides and the screw will be connected in a plus $ 6 (check).

Here are the cooked corners

This way should be installed T-nuts in the slot. You can not be traded from the end, but to install directly into the profile groove sideways, but then control the rotation and installation of the nut, since it does not always happen, you need some skill.

Clean profile, burrs no

Profile-doubled, that is, from the 2020 series, with respectively twisted 20mm x 20 mm, grooves 6 mm.

So, first we collect a p clip of the frame, the two longitudinal parts of the profile and one extreme crossbar. Much from which side is not to collect, but consider that there is a central transverse crossbar, which is shifted closer to the rear. It is part of the vertical plane, and the displacement size depends on the departure of the z axis and the spindle. Placed in such a way that the axis of rotation of the spindle was in the center of the machine (Y axis).
Next, we collect the middle cross. It is more convenient to first install both corners on the profile segment and fix and then install to the frame.
Apply the profile segment, measure the same range of the line, tighten the screws. Screws need to be tightened leisurely, give the time T-nut to check and take their position in the groove. If it does not work first time, weaken the nut and repeat again.

We establish the last part of the horizontal frame. It is more convenient to be subject to a long screwdriver. Do not be lazy and control the straight corners of the resulting design by the coated and the diagonal - line.

Since the corners of the design are directed towards each other, it is not fundamentally in what order to collect. I did like in base design CNC2418. But intuition suggests that the distance between profiles makes sense to increase, especially with a greater height of the portal. Well, it can be done later.

Next, we start collecting the mount of the vertical portal

The assembled portal is installed on the horizontal part, secure with 6 corners (installed in the direction of three sides from the vertical profile).

We establish, we observe the campaignness of segments (by the coal). Then in turn dragged all the screws.

In the original to strengthen the vertical, a special extrusion corner is used under 45 °. I could not find a similar on sale, replaced 3D print. The link to the model is at the end of the topic.
Update.: It turned out in the original 3d printed too.
If you can replace it with perforated fasteners from shops or furniture corners. It will not affect quality.

The design turned out at first glance durable, not shaky. It can be seen that the engine plate is shorter than the bundle of KP08 + SK8 calipers. I will dismiss sewn.

In fact, this frame is a copy of such a CNC2418 machine design, except that I did not directly copy the dimensions, made a little more in order to smallest cutters from guide and screws.

The frame assembly is completed, now you can do the installation of the engines. I use 3D printed flanges to install engines. Top is advisable to make assembled with guide holders, bottom - without holders, as the Y axis should be wider. The Y axis is advisable to install SK8 and KP08 calipers, as in the original machine. The calipers themselves can be printed on the printer or buy (links at the end of the topic, and were also in the first post).

For one of the axes (X and Y axis, I have the same length) took the "target". I have not yet knew my "Wishlist" on the size of the machine. As a result, trimming from the screw will go to the z axis, you will only need to buy a brass T8 nut.

Packed was in cardboard packaging, every detail in the package separately

The kit looks like this: the engine with a short wire, the chassis screw T8, two calipers KP08 and two clutches 5x8.

There is a similar and, as well as without an engine on (with calipers and nut).
If you take without a big stock, then the option is 400 mm, it will go well for the "enlarged version" of the machine

Additional information - photo set separately

Engine marking RB STEP MOTOR 42SHDC3025-24B-500, LED location NEMA17

Included a short wire for connecting. Conveniently, you can simply increase the length, not touching the connectors.

Screw T8, Nut

Caliopers kr08.

It is convenient to mount on the profile. If a wide flange is used for installation - it is better to use the KFL08 caliper version, it allows you to mount the screw not to the profile, but on the flange.

The clutch 5x8 is a split clutch for connecting the engine shaft to the screw.

That's how the engine is attached in the original on the X axis on a small aluminum plate.

Made the same thing, only with the printed plate. At the same time will be a caliper for the guides.

The excess screw length has already cut off for the Z axis (z axis during the process, the information will be separately, most likely 3D printed).

With high probability, you will need to lengthen the wires of the engines in order to carefully lay it on the profile in the upper part to the electronics board (most likely there will be CNC SHIELD). Yes, and it would not hurt to establish the terminats of extremes.
The main information on the assembly is already available, you can proceed to estimate costs))))

Calculation
Now, according to requests in the comments in the first part, I propose to discuss cost-calculation. Naturally, I spent less than the specified, since the engines and most of the components were in stock. Strong cheaperit will be if you use homemade printed corners for profile, calipers, flanges and so on. To work the machine in drilling printed circuit board and in milling soft materials It is unlikely to affect. Yet a good option - The use of perforated plates from construction / hozmags. It will go to enhance the angles, including vertical and for installing the engine, provided that the central part is drilled under the shaft. You can use self-made aluminum sheet or plywood to the perforated fastener.
Definitely need to be purchased profile 2020.Otherwise it will be a machine of a completely different type. Can also be made of aluminum corner or rectangular pipeBut only from love for art))) There are more optimal constructions in terms of hardness for assembling from angle / pipe.
Unambiguously need a profile T-Naiki. You can buy T-bolts, but T-nuts are more universal (since the length of the screw can be applied any).
But the rest can be changed at its discretion, you can even instead of the running screw T8. use stud.from stainless steel. Is that the number of steps on MM to recalculate will be in the firmware.
Enginescan be removed from old devices / office equipment and plan planting Already under a specific type.
Electronicsalmost any (Anduino Uno / Anduino Nano, CNCSHIELD, MEGA R3 + RAMPS, A4988 / DRV8825 drivers, you can use the Mach3 adapter board and TB6600 drivers. But the choice of electronics limits the software used.
For drilling, you can use any enginedC, which allows you to install a collet cartridge and has decent revisions. In the baseline, there is a high-budged engine 775. For milling, it is possible to use watt spindles by 300 with Cangua ER11, but it greatly appreciates the machine as a whole.

Approximate cost calculation:
Profile 2020 (2.5 meters) \u003d 667r
Profile 2080 (0.5 meters) on the desktop \u003d 485 p
Two 300 mm 2x $ 25
. Lot on 20 pcs is $ 5.5 with delivery
Approximately 4r / piece if you take a big package. You need at least 50 pcs (mounting engines, calipers). I do not consider the screws to them, usually a few kopecks / thing depending on the quality. Total about 400 ... 500r.
Engines 3 pcs $ 8.25 each
Electronics $ 2.
$3.5
A4988 three pieces for $ 1

The machine comes out about $ 111. If you add spindle:
$9
$7.78,
that the total cost is about $ 128

3D printed parts do not appreciate. It is possible to replace with perforated plates / corners from the fasciner and similar stores. Wires, isolate, time spent also not evaluate.
Let me remind you that not in all options for the CNC2418 packages there are such good 775 engines and, moreover, Tsang ER11.

Options cheaper.

Complicated in the manufacture, except technical components, it has electronic device, Install which is only a specialist. Contrary to this opinion, the ability to assemble the CNC machine with their own hands, if you prepare the necessary drawings, schemes and components in advance.

Conducting preparatory work

When designing CNC, with your own hands at home, it is necessary to determine what scheme it will work.

Often, used as the basis of the future apparatus is taken.

Drilling machine can be used as a base for CNC machine

It will require replacing the working head on the milling.

The machine is the greatest difficulty in the design of the CNC with your own hands, the creation of a device is caused by which the working tool moves in three planes.

Partially solve the task will help carriages taken from a regular printer. The tool will be able to move in both planes. Choosing carriages for CNC machine is better from that printer that has large dimensions.

A similar scheme allows you to connect to the control machine in the future. Minus that milling Machine CNC works only with wooden, plastic products, fine metal products. This is due to the fact that the printer carriages do not have the desired stiffness.

Attention must be given to the engine of the future unit. His role comes down to moving the working tool. This depends on the quality of the work and the possibility of performing milling operations.

A successful option for the self-made CNC of the freser is a stepper motor.

An alternative to such an engine is an electric motor, pre-improved and fitted under the standard standards.

Anyone using a stepper motor allows not to use a screw gear, it does not affect the possibilities of such a CNC on a tree. It is recommended to use for milling on such a strap-type belts. Unlike standard belts, they do not slip on the pulleys.

It is required to correctly design the milling mill of a future machine, for this you will need detailed drawings.

Materials and tools required for assembly

The total set of materials for the CNC machine includes:

cable 14-19 m long;
machining wood;
cartridge for cutter;
frequency converter having equal power with spindle;
bearings;
control board;
water pump;
cooling hose;
three stepping type engines for three axes of movement of the design;
bolts;
protective cable;
screws;
plywood, chipboard, wood slab or metal design to choose from as a body of the future apparatus;
soft-type clutch.

It is recommended to use a spindle with coolant with your own hands. This will allow not to turn off it every 10 minutes to compose. For work will suit homemade Machine CNC, its power is at least 1.2 kW. Optimal option Will be a capacity of 2 kW.

A set of tools required for the manufacture of an aggregate includes:

hammers;
isolent;
assembly keys;
glue;
screwdriver;
soldering iron, sealant;
bulgarian, it is often replaced with hacksaw;
passed, aggregate for welding, scissors, pliers.

Simple CNC machine with their own hands

Procedure for assembling machine

Homemade CNC Milling Machine is collected according to the scheme:

manufacture of drawings and device circuits with an indication of the electrical equipment;
buying materials containing future homemade CNC machine;
installation of the bed, it will be attached to the engines, the work surface, portal, spindle;
installation of the portal;
installing Z axis;
fixation working surface;
installation of the spindle;
installation of the water-cooler system;
installation of the electrical system;
connecting the board, with its help the device is controlled;
software setup;
starting Start of the unit.

As a base for the bed, the material is taken from aluminum.

Stanna need to do with aluminum

Profiles from this metal are chosen with a cross section of 41 * 81 mm with a thickness of plates of 11 mm. The casing itself is connected using aluminum corners.

From the installation of the portal will depend on which thickness the product can handle the CNC machine. Especially if he made with his own hands. The higher the portal, the more thicker it will be able to process. It is important not to establish it too high, since such a design will be less durable and reliable. The portal moves along the X axis and carries the spindle on himself.

As a material for the working surface of the unit, an aluminum profile is used. Often take a profile having T-grooves. For home use Take, its thickness is at least 17 mm.

After the framework of the device is ready, proceed to the spindle setting. It is important to set it vertically, as it will require its adjustment, this is carried out for fixing the desired angle.

To install the electrical system require the presence of such components:

power Supply;
a computer;
stepper motor;
pay;
stop button;
engine drivers.

The LPT port is required for the system. In addition, it is established that managing the work of the device and allows you to answer the question of how to make one or another operation. Control is connected via engines to the milling machine itself.

After the electronics is installed on the machine, you will need to download drivers and the programs you need.

Common assembly errors

A common error when assembling a machine with numeric software control is the lack of drawing, but it is built on it. As a result, omission is omissions in the design and installation of the designs of the apparatus.

Often incorrect operation of the machine is associated with incorrectly selected frequency and spindle.

For the correct operation of the machine you need to choose the right spindle

In many cases, stepper motors do not receive proper nutrition, so they need to choose a special separate power supply.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that the installed electrical process and software Allows you to perform numerous operations on the device. of different levels difficulties. The CNC machine to do with their own hands to the middle service wizard, the aggregate design has a number of features, but with the help of drawings, it is easy to collect the details.

With CNC, with your own hands drawn up, it is easy to work, it is necessary to study an informative base, conduct a number of training work and analyze the state of the unit and the part. Do not hurry, pull moving parts or open CNC.

PureLogic R & D offers to purchase a structural aluminum profile on favorable conditions. This is a durable and easy material to create engineering systems Any complexity and destination. The machine profile is used for the manufacture of CNC machine stannes. In addition, it is used to build employee jobs, travel axes, coordinate tables, etc.

The structural aluminum profile is manufactured using hot extrusion technology. It is obtained by extruding the material through a special extruder matrix. Various aluminum alloys can be used as the feedstock.

The most important advantage and main difference of the machine from the machine profile is the possibility of rapid change in the design, its extension, rebuilding and modernization.

This section presents:

design aluminum profile;
set aluminum desktops of various sections;
aluminum corners;
cable Channels.

The guide profile can be complemented by various components:

vibrooporas;
end and groove plugs;
wheeled supports;
end mounting plates.

Features of the construction profile

Products made of high-strength aluminum alloys and having a complex cross section provide:

the possibility of prompt assembly and disassembling structures. This allows you to quickly conduct repair work, Various modernization activities, as well as move the equipment to a new place. It is possible to make changes to the object being created at any stage of its readiness, which is especially important in the manufacture of devices of special substance and various non-relocated machines;
high strength of compounds in the absence of welding;
optimal combination of low weight and strength characteristics. This is achieved due to the deformable alloys based on aluminum and complex cross-sectional configuration;
minimum labor and financial costs, efficiency of execution when designing and creating structures of any complexity.