Technological map Technological map for concreting structures. Reinforcing, formwork and concrete works . Technological process of preparation of concrete mixtures Technology of preparation of concrete mixture

Work description

This technological map applies to a concrete mixture for the preparation of heavy concrete with an average density of 2.4-2.5 kg / cm³, and light concrete with an average density of 1.7-1.9 kg / cm³ used as a raw material for the manufacture of reinforced concrete and concrete products .

Organization and technology of concrete mix preparation

Cement M 400 arrives at cement warehouses by rail in wagons. From the wagons, cement is unloaded by gravity through hatches into the receiving devices-warehouse. Hopper wagons are unloaded using compressed air. From the receiving device, the cement is pumped by a pneumatic screw pump of the NPV 36-2 type into reinforced concrete silos No. silos, or it can be fed directly through cement pipelines from the unloader of cement wagons to the silos of a concrete plant.
The supply of cement from the silos to the mixer is carried out by augers. To eliminate cement hanging in silos (vaults), vibrators are installed on the conical part of the silos.
The supply of inert materials to the mixer is carried out by a conveyor from dispensers for the corresponding inert materials. Receiving hoppers are installed in front of the dispensers. Receiving bunkers for inert 3 units. 12 m³ each. Loading of inert materials into the receiving hoppers is carried out by a bucket loader. The conveyor is installed in a heated gallery to prevent sticking of inert materials on the idle conveyor branch and the formation of blockages under it.
To improve the quality of concrete mixtures, the plant has a department for the preparation of additives: plasticizers and additives for winter concrete.
Concrete mixtures are prepared according to approved recipes. The preparation of a concrete mixture is reduced to the dosing and mixing of the constituent materials. Dosing of inert materials and cement is carried out on weight batchers. Plasticizing additives are used to prepare the concrete mix. The dosing accuracy of cement, water, additives may deviate from the calculated one by no more than 1%, aggregates - 2%.
To obtain a homogeneous mixture, it is mixed in a concrete mixer with a volume of 1.5 m³ (mixer output volume). The optimal duration of mixing in cyclic mixers is determined by empirically in the laboratory. The duration of mixing for mixtures with a mobility of 4-5 cm is 75-100 seconds.
Initial materials are loaded, as a rule, simultaneously, the working solution of additives is introduced with mixing water. When working with hot water, the loading sequence is as follows: aggregate, hot water and chemical additives, cement. Cold aggregates quickly lower the temperature of the mixture, preventing the cement from quickly setting due to contact with hot water. Mixing concrete mix winter time increases by 25%. At the end of mixing, the concrete mixture is unloaded into a dispensing hopper or car.

Kuchmin

Brief instruction:

Search for a suitable job in the search bar in the center of the page at the top or in the side navigation bar on the left.
Evaluate the quality of work using the content and screenshots of the drawings that are in the archive. To view screenshots, download the archive at the bottom of the page.
If you are satisfied with the work, select a payment method (Yandex-Money, WebMoney or Interkassa) or use personal account and personal account.
Expect the password for the archive to be sent to your email. To speed up the receipt of the password, you must correctly fill out the payment form - indicate your email address.
For all questions please contact

I approve:

______________________

"____" __________ 200 g.

ROUTING

TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR CONCRETING STRUCTURES

REINFORCING, FORMWORKING AND CONCRETE WORKS

		Page number
	Title page

	General provisions
	Requirements for concrete and concrete mix
	Technological tooling and equipment
	Preparatory, formwork and reinforcement works
	concreting
	curing concrete
	Quality control of work
	Labor protection in the production of works
	environmental protection
	Bibliography
	Appendix 1. List of engineers and workers familiar with the technological map.

1. General Provisions

1.1. The technological map applies to the execution of formwork, reinforcement and concrete work.

1.2. The technological map is an integral part of the project for the production of works, developed in relation to a specific construction object, and establishes the requirements for the organization and technology of the production of preparatory formwork, reinforcement and concrete work, aimed at ensuring the high quality of the structures being built.

1.3. The Technological map outlines the organizational, technical and structural-technological measures that must be taken to ensure the technical security of the quality of concrete in its entirety, the concrete to gain the required strength by the time of stripping, and to reduce the likelihood of thermal cracks in structures at the stages of curing and stripping of concrete.

1.4. The Technological map provides for preparatory, formwork, reinforcement and concrete work during year-round construction, taking into account the performance of concrete work in winter conditions in warmhouses.

1.5. When developing the Technological map, it is assumed that the concrete mixture will be supplied from a concrete plant located at a distance at which during transportation there will be no loss of mobility below the set value of concrete workability, which are given in this technological map.

1.6. During the development of the "Technological map" it is assumed that the concreting of grillages, racks and heads of supports is carried out in a metal collapsible formwork.

1.7. Compliance with the requirements of the regulations guarantees the receipt of concrete of the required grades for strength, water resistance, frost resistance and, ultimately, ensuring the required quality and durability of structures.

1.8. When developing the "Technological map", it was taken into account that the prevention of cracking in concrete from temperature effects or its significant reduction is achieved only with the right combination of structural and technological measures for the production of concrete works.

1.9. Construction activities include:

the choice of constructive solutions for the structure as a whole and its individual elements, ensuring the resistance of structures to temperature effects, taking into account local climatic conditions;

Minimization in the design of zones-concentrators of thermal stresses;

The use of reduced grades of concrete, providing a minimum consumption of cement;

Reinforcement of concrete, taking into account the likelihood of thermal cracks.

1.10. Technological measures include the measures set out below in this "Technological Regulations".

1.11. The production of concrete work must be carried out in accordance with the project, PPR, these "Technological Regulations", with the current technical numbers and rules, including SNiP 3.06.04-91 "Bridges and pipes", SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures"; SNiP 12-03.2001 "Labor safety in construction" part 1. General provisions. SNiP 12-04.2002 "Labor safety in construction" part 2. Construction production. VSN 150-93 "Instructions for improving the frost resistance of concrete transport structures", M., 1993; Manual "Quality control of bridge construction", M., "Nedra", 1994.

1.12. When developing the "Technological map", it was taken into account that all operations for the leading and most of the auxiliary processes are performed using machines and mechanisms, and manual work - using a mechanized tool.

1.13. Responsibility for the quality of the work performed on the construction of concrete structures lies with the chief engineer, who must ensure the organization of their defect-free performance in accordance with the PPR, regulatory documents and this "Technological Regulations".

1.14. Works on concreting and erection of concrete structures are carried out under the guidance of the foreman and in each shift - a shift foreman.

1.15. During the performance of concrete work at the construction site, it is necessary to constantly be representatives of the construction laboratory, who must monitor the parameters of the concrete mixture, compliance with the rules for laying concrete, temperature regime hardening concrete and outdoor temperature, as well as the quality of all incoming materials.

1.16. When performing concreting work at the construction site, it is necessary to have the appropriate laboratory equipment (standard cone for determining the mobility of the concrete mixture, devices for determining the amount of entrained air in the concrete mixture, thermometers, sets of molds for selecting control cubes and other necessary instruments and equipment).

2. Requirements for concrete and concrete mix

2.1. In accordance with the requirements specified in the working drawings, the material composition of the concrete mixture must ensure that the concrete acquires the strength, frost resistance and water resistance indicators established by the project, namely:

Indicators for strength, frost resistance and water resistance are specified according to the working drawings of the project.

For each batch of concrete mixture placed in a separate construct, a document is issued on the quality of the concrete mixture. The supplier company bears warranty obligations for the quality of the concrete mixture supplied to the construction site.

An application for the supply of concrete mixture is drawn up by the CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER of WORKS on the letterhead of the plant with the obligatory indication of the consumer of the concrete mixture (CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER OF WORKS), concrete class (B25, B30 ...), mobility of the concrete mixture at the place of laying (P3, P4), frost resistance (F300 ...), water resistance (W6, W8 ...), technical requirements for materials - binder, aggregates and additives. Start time of concrete mix delivery, delivery address, required volume concrete mix, the required number of mixer trucks.

3. Technological tooling and equipment

3.1. The site for the construction of a concrete structure must have the necessary technological equipment and equipment, as well as materials and fixtures (see table 1).

3.2. Regardless of the time of year, due attention should be paid to integrated moisture and heat protection equipment, which should ensure the acceleration of concrete hardening under conditions of curing in the formwork or under a heat and moisture protective coating, and at the stage of heating and cooling of concrete, exclude the possibility of thermal cracks.

3.3 Integrated moisture and heat protection equipment consists of:

Inventory metal formwork with a forming surface;

Moisture and heat-protective inventory coatings - to protect unformed surfaces of freshly laid concrete from moisture and heat exchange with the environment;

Awning to protect the concrete surface from rain during work in rainy weather;

Enclosing greenhouses-shells with a supporting frame and the required number of heat generators (when performing work in the winter season).

3.4. Polymer films (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.) with a thickness of at least 100 microns or rubberized fabric can be used as moisture-proof panels of an inventory moisture-heat-protective coating.

3.5. Geotextile, dornite, flax wool or other heat-insulating rolled materials can be used as heat-shielding materials.

3.6. In addition to complex moisture and heat-protective technological equipment, the concreting site must be provided with:

A concrete pump capable of continuously supplying the concrete mix with the required mobility into the formwork;

Crane with sufficient outreach to supply materials during the construction of supports;

Manual vibrators for concrete mix compaction;

Bunker (bucket) for supplying, if necessary, concrete;

A set of hand tools for leveling the concrete mix;

A set of "carrier lamps" for visual control, if necessary, of the quality of reinforcing and formwork work, laying and compacting the concrete mixture;

3.7. Warmhouses should be made of materials that have low blowability (rubberized fabric, polymer films, etc.) and do not become brittle in the cold.

3.8. When installing greenhouses, it is necessary to ensure a hermetic adjoining of the coatings to the base and previously concreted concrete and reinforced concrete elements.

3.9. To reduce the risk of cracking in the zone of contact of the hardening concrete with the hardened, the greenhouses should provide heating of the previously concreted structures.

3.10. To ensure normal conditions for heat exchange, there should not be very narrow cavities in the greenhouse. The distance between the fence of the greenhouse and the heated structure must be at least 1.0 ... 1.5 m.

3.11. In greenhouses with a height of more than 4.0 m, the temperature should be controlled at a height of 0.4 m from the floor and at the ceiling. If there is a temperature difference along the height of the greenhouse more than 5 - 7 °C, it is necessary to equalize the air temperature with the help of fans, supplying heated air from the top of the greenhouse to the bottom.

3.12. When using heat generators on liquid fuel, if necessary, ventilation of the greenhouses should be arranged.

3.13. Teplyaks are equipped with liquid fuel heat generators or electric heaters. The number of heat generators should be determined by calculation, depending on the outdoor temperature, the required air temperature inside the greenhouse, the conditions for heat exchange between the greenhouse and the environment, and the design of the greenhouse enclosures.

3.14. The greenhouse should be equipped with heat generators or electric heaters with adjustable power, which will subsequently allow them to smoothly regulate the air temperature in the greenhouse by turning them on or off.

3.15. The greenhouse must have a rigid structure that can withstand the own weight of the fences, wind pressure, snowfall, etc.

3.16. The greenhouse must be adequately lit to ensure normal working conditions when placing concrete and finishing the surface layer of concrete.

3.17. In greenhouses, it is necessary to have a sufficient number of heat and moisture protective coatings for the care of concrete.

3.18. The heating of the greenhouses is stopped only if there is an acceptable temperature difference between the hardening concrete on the surface of the structure and the air in the greenhouse (the difference is not more than 20 ° C). Heat generators should be turned off sequentially, ensuring a smooth decrease in air temperature in the greenhouse.

3.19. The greenhouse should be disassembled after the concrete on the grillage surface has cooled to a temperature not exceeding the outside air temperature by more than 20 °C.

The predicted minimum temperature for the next 24 hours should be taken as the design temperature of the outside air.

Table 1

Purpose of equipment or equipment	Equipment or tooling	Description, brand.	Quantity (piece)	Notes
Concrete supply	concrete pump truck	"SHCVING" Lstr = 42 m
Concrete compaction	Deep vibrator, d = 50 mm, l = 35 cm.
Installation work	Crane capacity 16 t
Concrete compaction	Site vibrator			2800 rpm
Leveling and moving concrete	Shovel shovel
Smoothing the concrete surface	wooden rule

4. Preparatory, formwork and reinforcing work

4.1. Prior to the start of formwork and reinforcement work on the erection of concrete structures, geodetic marking work should be fully completed with fixing the axes of concrete structures in place. Particular attention should be paid to geodetic work when constructing formwork and installing reinforcing cages.

4.2. In the course of work, special attention should be paid to ensuring the rigidity of the installed formwork and to the inadmissibility of its deformation and separation under the pressure of the column of the laid concrete mixture, as well as to determine the rate of erection of all support elements, taking into account the setting time of the concrete mixture.

4.3. Prior to the start of reinforcement work, the base should be cleaned of debris and dirt.

4.4. In preparation concrete foundations and work joints to remove the cement film, surface treatment is carried out with a water and air jet, metal brushes or sandblasting installations.

4.5. Before concreting the structure, it is necessary to manufacture and mount reinforcing cages and install the formwork in the concreting zone and the embedded parts required by the project.

4.6. Reinforcing works are carried out in accordance with the working drawings of the reinforcement of the structure.

For reinforcement, reinforcement with a diameter of 32 mm, 22 mm, 20 mm, 16 mm, 14 mm, 12 mm class AIII, reinforcement steel grade 25G2S, reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm, 8 mm class AI steel grade St5 sp. GOST 5781-82.

The order of storage of reinforcement and angle.

Steel reinforcement is stored in a specially designated area. Reinforcement packages are laid on wooden linings and covered with waterproof material. Rough handling of reinforcement, its fall from a height, exposure to shock loads, mechanical damage is not allowed.

Inspection.

Reinforcing bars should be checked for defects, such as cracks, local thinning, pores, peeling, dents, bends, rust, local or general distortions, deviations from the specified cut length of the bar.

Armature cleanliness.

By the time of assembly of the reinforcement cage, the reinforcement must be clean, without traces of dirt, oil, grease, paint, rust, mill scale, etc. similar materials.

The fittings are connected into spatial frames using a knitting wire D = 1.6 mm. Reinforcing reinforcement is overlapped using a knitting wire, the overlap of reinforcement bars is at least 30 diameters of the reinforcement. No more than 50% of bar joints should be located in one section.

4.7. Prior to the start of work on concreting structures, it is necessary to produce the required number of spacers-"crackers" that provide the required thickness of the protective layer and the design position of the reinforcing cages in all sections of the concreted structural elements. The quality of concrete spacers-"crackers" for the design of the protective layer of concrete should not be lower than the quality of concrete structures.

It is allowed to use plastic spacers - "crackers" made in the factory.

4.8. Distance pads should be made of fine-grained concrete with the inclusion of crushed stone screenings. The dimensions and configuration of concrete spacers-"crackers" must correspond to the design of the reinforcing cage and the design values of the concrete protective layer, ensure their stable position in the formwork and on the reinforcing bars of the cage.

To eliminate the possibility of staining and subsequent destruction of the surface layer of concrete at the locations of the “crackers” gaskets, the outer (supporting) surface of the gasket made of fine-grained concrete in contact with the formwork should have a curvilinear outline (radius of curvature 30 - 50 m).

4.9. During the execution of reinforcing work, it is necessary to install embedded parts in accordance with the project.

4.10. The preparation of reinforcing cages (separate items) and embedded parts, their installation and installation in the formwork and other work related to the design features of the reinforcement of the concreted elements, is performed in accordance with the working drawings.

4.11. Reinforcing bars laid in the formwork of the frame elements are fixed with the required number of spacers - "crackers", reliably ensuring the design location of the reinforcing cage in the formwork and the size of the protective layer of concrete in all sections.

4.12. Reinforcement installed in place with all embedded elements (parts) must be a rigid frame that cannot be upset during concreting.

4.13. Plastic or metal tubes should be fixed to the reinforcing cages in the surface layer and in the central zones in order to form wells for measuring the temperature of the concrete during its curing.

4.14. Formwork panels are installed in accordance with the project. For concreting, an inventory formwork made in accordance with TU is used. Additional sections of the formwork are made on site. For additional formwork, a wooden frame is used. It is necessary to ensure a good tightness of the mutual adjoining of the edges of the formwork panels. If leaks are found that can lead to leakage of cement mortar during concreting, all detected places should be securely sealed before applying lubricant by gluing with adhesive tape (construction plaster) 30 - 40 mm wide or smeared with sealant. The joints of formwork panels are sealed with silicone or other sealants. Formwork panels must be fastened and fixed (uprights, stops, braces, tie rods, etc.) in such a way as to create a rigid, geometrically unchanging structure.

4.15. Before installation, the forming surfaces of the formwork panels should be wiped with burlap impregnated with grease or other grease. The lubricant should be applied in an extremely thin layer, which excludes the ingress of lubricant on the reinforcement during the installation of formwork panels.

4.16. After an instrumental check of the position of the reinforcing cages, installed formwork panels, the reinforcing cages and the installed formwork are examined and an act is drawn up for covert work with the participation of representatives of the Customer, the general contractor and supervisory services.

5. Concreting

5.1 Before starting work on laying concrete, the equipment for concrete supply should be prepared for operation and its serviceability should be checked.

5.2 Prior to the start of work, the site manager must clarify: the time of delivery of concrete from the plant to the facility, the availability of documentation confirming the compliance of the indicators of the concrete mix and concrete with the requirements of this "Technological map". A representative of the construction laboratory must check the availability of a standard cone for determining the mobility of the concrete mixture, thermometers for measuring the temperature of the concrete mixture and outside air, a device for determining the amount of entrained air in the concrete mixture and the sufficiency of molds for making control concrete cubes.

5.3 An effective operational connection must be established between the concrete plant and the facility under construction, ensuring the delivery of the concrete mix in full compliance with the requirements of the project and this "Technological map".

5.4 Delivery of the concrete mixture to the construction site must be carried out by truck mixers. The number of truck mixers must be assigned from the conditions of the volume of concreted structural elements, the intensity of laying the concrete mixture, the distance of its delivery, the concrete setting time. The total time of delivery of the concrete mix to the construction site, its laying in structural elements should not exceed its setting time.

5.5 Descent The supply of concrete mixture to the place of laying can be carried out through link, easily assembled disassembled trunks, concrete pipelines and the end hose of the concrete pump.

5.6 Before supplying the concrete mix directly into the body of the structure, the concrete pump must be tested with a test hydraulic pressure, the value of which is

The assigned composition and mobility of the concrete mixture must be checked, refined on the basis of test pumping of the concrete mixture.

The internal surfaces of the concrete pipeline before concreting must be moistened and lubricated with lime or cement mortar.

5.7 When performing concrete work, it must be taken into account that in cases of interruptions in the pumping of the mixture from 20 to 60 minutes, it is necessary to pump the concrete mixture through the system every 10 minutes for 10 - 15 seconds. at low operating modes of the concrete pump. For breaks exceeding the specified time, the concrete pipeline must be emptied and flushed.

5.8 The intensity of concreting should be determined by the construction laboratory, taking into account the properties of the concrete mixture, the distance of delivery of concrete.

5.9 When performing work in the winter period, before concreting each element, the base and upper zone of the previously concreted elements should be warmed up to a temperature of at least plus 5 °C to a depth of at least 0.5 m.

5.10 To prevent the appearance of thermal cracks in structures, the value of the heating temperatures of previously concreted elements is linked to the temperature of the incoming concrete mixture in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1

Note:*) If the average daily ambient temperature is above plus 25 °C, the thickness of the concreted structures is more than or equal to 1 m, the maximum value of the temperature of the laid concrete mixture is limited to plus 20 °C

5.11 Before concreting, the cleaned surfaces, prepared in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 4.5 - 4.6, must be abundantly moistened with water or treated with a 2 ... 5% solution of the Acryl 100 polymer.

5.12 Descent and supply of the concrete mixture to the place of laying can be carried out through the end hose of the concrete pump.

5.13 Concrete mixture should be laid into the structure to be concreted in layers of the same thickness of 25 - 30 cm (but not more than 40 cm), without gaps, with consistent direction of laying in one direction in all layers.

5.14 The thickness of sequentially laid horizontal layers is selected based on the actual rate of supply of the concrete mixture to the laying, subject to the condition that the break before laying the next layer of the concrete mixture in each particular place does not exceed the time for the loss of mobility of the previously laid mixture in the previous layer up to 1 - 1.5 see precipitation of a standard cone (within 40 - 50 minutes) depending on the characteristics of the cement and the actual temperature of the concrete mixture. An indicator of compliance with this rule is the absence of a recess in the concrete when the tip of the flexible shaft vibrator is slowly removed.

5.15 During layer-by-layer laying of concrete in each layer, a leading horizontal section 1-1.5 m long should be formed, the angle of inclination to the horizon of the surface of the concrete mixture before its compaction should not exceed 30 °.

5.16 The supply, distribution and compaction of the concrete mixture in each layer must be done only from the bottom up.

5.17 Before compaction of each laid layer, the concrete mixture should be evenly distributed over its surface. The height of individual protrusions and depressions above the general level of the concrete mixture distribution surface should not exceed 10 cm. The distribution of the concrete mixture should be carried out by a concrete pipeline. The use of vibrators to redistribute and level the concrete mix is prohibited.

5.18 Vibration of the concrete mixture in each layer and at each position of the permutation of the tip of the deep vibrator is carried out until the concrete mixture stops settling and the cement paste shines on the surface.

5.19 When performing concreting, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of delamination of the concrete mixture at the end of each strip of the concreted layer and the inevitable leakage, immerse in the concrete mixture at a distance of 50 - 70 cm from the edge of the strip. A thorough joint study of the zone remaining at the edge of the strip is carried out after laying the next dose of concrete mix.

5.20 After laying the concrete mixture in the first layer of the structure to be concreted, the concrete pump is turned off, the concrete pipelines are transferred to its end surface and the concrete mixture is distributed in the second layer. Vibrocompaction of the concrete mixture is also carried out with a delay of 1.0 - 1.5 m from the place of supply by the concrete pump. Vibration should be carried out with the obligatory “entry” of the vibrator into the underlying layer.

In a similar way, laying and compacting the concrete mixture in subsequent layers is carried out. Strictly consistent distribution of the concrete mixture in horizontal layers, excluding the possibility of its stratification during vibration treatment, is the most important factor, ensuring the quality and uniformity of concrete in the structure.

5.21 After placing and compacting the concrete in top layer over the entire open surface of the concrete structure, it is necessary to finish it and finish it to ensure the design parameters for slopes, evenness and surface quality.

5.22 After the concrete has set (1.5 - 2 hours after laying), it is necessary to lay a moisture and heat-protective coating on the exposed surfaces of the concrete, consisting of a polyethylene film, two layers of dornite and an upper layer of polyethylene film.

6. Curing of concrete

6.1 When erecting concrete structures, taking into account the increased requirements for the quality of concrete of structures being erected, special attention should be paid to the conditions and duration of concrete curing.

6.2 After the period with the maximum heating of the concrete, at the stage of temperature decrease, the additional tarpaulin cover of the formwork can be removed.

6.3 Stop heating the greenhouses, remove thermal insulation from the structure (thermal and moisture protective coating on top of the grillage), dismantle the greenhouse, the formwork is allowed under the restrictions set forth in paragraph 3.18 and paragraph 3.19 of this "Technological map".

At the same time, the minimum predicted outdoor air temperature for the next 24 hours should be taken as the design ambient temperature.

6.4 When curing concrete, the predicted strength of concrete should be confirmed by control tests of samples placed under a heat-moisture protective coating.

6.5 Measurements of the temperature of the hardening concrete of the structure in the first three days after concreting are carried out for the first day - every 4 hours, then every 8 hours and, without fail, before removing the heat-moisture protective coatings and formwork.

7. Quality control of work

7.1. The chief engineer is directly responsible for the quality of work in accordance with the quality management system of construction and installation works.

A laboratory is involved to carry out measurements and tests.

Laboratory technicians are responsible for on-site sampling.

7.2. Quality control of concreting works is carried out according to the quality assurance plan in order to ensure full compliance with the approved project, working drawings and the requirements of this flow chart, as well as compliance with building codes and regulations, standards and specifications.

7.3. Quality control of work during concreting is carried out:

Particular attention should be paid to production control, which includes:

Input control of incoming structures, products and materials;

operational control;

Acceptance control;

Inspection control.

The input control of incoming structures, products and materials is carried out by a commission consisting of representatives of the contractor, the general contractor and the technical supervision of the customer with the execution of an Act of the established form.

The compliance of materials with the requirements of the project, technical specifications, SNiP, GOST is checked;

7.4. Fittings and embedded parts

Compliance of the received fittings with the data given in the certificates and shipping documents. Reinforcing bars should be checked for defects, such as cracks, local thinning, pores, peeling, dents, bends, rust, local or general distortions, deviations from the specified cut length of the bar.

If necessary, samples are tested.

7.5. Concrete mix.

At the place of laying are made:

Control of the plasticity of the concrete mixture (cone draft) at least 2 times per shift, with the rhythmic supply of the concrete mixture; at non-rhythmic supply of concrete mix - plasticity is determined in each truck mixer;

Measuring the temperature of the concrete mixture - in each mixer truck;

Determination of air entrainment - once per shift;

The selection of concrete samples (cubes) for subsequent tests is carried out by a laboratory assistant at the time of unloading the concrete mixture into the concrete pump truck.

During the work, the following information on concrete is recorded:

Date of concreting of each block, class of concrete, duration of laying the mixture, position of the structure to be concreted.

Details of the concrete mix, including the nature and source of each composite materials, source of concrete production; proposed proportions (according to the concrete mix selection map) or the amount of each component per cubic meter fully compacted concrete and detailed additives.

Daily maximum and minimum air temperature;

Origin of samples and dates of sampling, including identification marks.

Results of tests on selected samples and a description of the concrete block represented by the samples.

Test reports of control samples of concrete with the results of tests for the strength of samples at the age of 7 and 28 days.

Records shall be kept in the form agreed by the customer, kept up to date, and be available for inspection by the customer.

To ensure the identity of the concrete hardening mode of the selected samples, and the concrete hardening mode of the concreted structure, the samples remain on the concreting block for the time of setting and hardening. After the disappearance of the characteristic “shine” of the cement test on the finished area of the surface of the concreted structure, control samples are laid in this area - cubes and covered with panels of a moisture-proof coating from a polymer film, heat-protective mats are laid out, and then a second layer of a moisture-proof coating (film) is laid. Control samples are stored under the cover until it is removed, then the samples are stored in a normal storage chamber (temperature 20 °C ± 2 °C, humidity 95%).

7.6. Formwork materials.

Formwork materials, plywood, lumber are checked for compliance with certificates and shipping documents, an external inspection is carried out to identify visible defects, damage, etc. Unusable materials are rejected with the drawing up of an Act on the unsuitability of these materials. Rejected material must not be used for formwork.

Materials for the device of the greenhouse.

A check is carried out for compliance with certificates and shipping documents, an external inspection is carried out to identify visible damage and violations.

Designs, materials and products that arrive without accompanying documents are prohibited from being put into production!!!

7.8. Operational control is carried out by the contractor.

Operational quality control is carried out during the following construction works:

Mounting and dismantling of formwork;

Installation of fittings and embedded parts;

Laying concrete mix;

Curing.

Operational control should ensure the timely detection of defects and the adoption of measures to eliminate and prevent them.

The main documents for operational control are:

Working drawings;

Technological schemes,

This regulation and standard flow charts;

SNiP, GOST;

Quality control schemes;

The results of the operational control should be recorded in the General Work Log, as well as in special work logs, including the Concrete Work Log.

For hidden work, draw up acts of the established form.

7.9. Acceptance control;

During acceptance control, the following is performed:

Acceptance of intermediate constructs;

Checking the quality of the constructed structural elements.

During the acceptance control, the Contractor shall submit the following documentation:

Executive drawings with changes made (if any) and documents on their approval;

Factory technical passports, certificates;

Inspection certificates hidden works;

Acts of intermediate acceptance of structures;

Executive geodetic schemes of the position of structures and formwork;

Job logs;

Results of laboratory testing of concrete for compliance with design requirements;

7.10. Inspection control;

Inspection control is carried out in order to verify the effectiveness of previously performed production control. This control is carried out by specially created commissions.

7.11. Upon acceptance of the installed formwork and its fastenings, the following shall be checked:

Compliance with this technological map;

Reliability of formwork fastening;

Correct installation of plugs and embedded parts;

table 2

Parameter	Limit deviations
1. Deviation of the lines of the intersection planes from the vertical or the design slope to the entire height of the structures for:
foundations		Measuring, each structural element, work log
walls and columns supporting monolithic roofs and floors
walls and columns supporting precast beam structures
walls of buildings and structures erected in sliding formwork, in the absence of intermediate floors	1/500 of the height of the structure, but not more than 100 mm	Measuring, all walls and lines of their intersection, work log
walls of buildings and structures erected in sliding formwork, in the presence of intermediate floors	1/1000 of the height of the structure, but not more than 50 mm
2. Deviation of horizontal planes for the entire length of the section to be verified		Measuring, at least 5 measurements for every 50 - 100 m, work log
3. Local unevenness of the concrete surface when checking with a two-meter rail, except for supporting surfaces
4. Length or span of elements		Measuring, each element, work log
5. Cross section size of elements	6 mm; -3mm
6. Marks of surfaces and embedded products serving as supports for steel or precast concrete columns and other prefabricated elements		Measuring, each reference element, executive circuit
7. The slope of the supporting surfaces of foundations when supporting steel columns without grout		The same, every foundation, executive scheme
8. Location of anchor bolts:		Same, every foundation bolt, executive diagram
in plan inside the contour of the support
in plan outside the contour of the support
height
9. Difference of height marks at the junction of two adjacent surfaces		The same, every joint, executive scheme

Panel formwork

Table 3

	Manufacturing of formwork panels	Formwork installation

Composition of control	Formwork dimensions	Internal dimensions, marks, verticality, position of the formwork axes
Method and means of control	Visual, measuring; steel tape measure	Visual, measuring; theodolite, level, plumb line, rail, steel tape measure
Mode and scope of control	Every shield	All assembled formwork
Person in control of the operation		Master, geodesist

		Geodetic Survey
Place of registration of control results		Certificate of survey and acceptance of the installed formwork

The formwork prepared for concreting must be accepted according to the act for hidden work.

7.12. Quality control of reinforcement works consists in checking the compliance with the project and standards of products and embedded parts, knitting and welding of reinforcement. The replacement of the reinforcing steel provided for by the project must be agreed with the design organization (design supervision).

Incoming reinforcing steel must be registered in the "Incoming Control Log".

During the input control, all incoming reinforcing steel and embedded parts must be subject to mandatory external inspection and measurements.

The control of reinforcing and embedded products must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of Table 4.

Reinforcement control

Table 4

Parameter	Parameter value, mm	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
1. Deviation in the distance between separately installed working rods for:		Technical inspection of all elements, work log
columns and beams
slabs and foundation walls
massive structures
2. Deviation in the distance between the rows of reinforcement for:
slabs and beams up to 1 m thick
structures with a thickness of more than 1 m
3. Deviation from the design thickness of the protective layer of concrete should not exceed:
with a protective layer thickness of up to 15 mm and linear dimensions of the cross-section of the structure, mm:

from 101 to 200
with a protective layer thickness of 16 to 20 mm incl. and linear dimensions of the cross-section of structures, mm:

from 101 to 200
from 201 to 300

with a protective layer thickness of more than 20 mm and linear dimensions of the cross-section of structures, mm:

from 101 to 200
from 201 to 300

All reinforcement installed in the formwork must be taken before concreting; the results of the survey and acceptance should be documented in an act for hidden work.

The main operations that are subject to control in the production of reinforcing work, control methods and controlled operations are shown in Table 5.

Methods of control and controlled elements in the production of reinforcing work

Table 5

Main operations to be controlled	Rebar stock	Reinforcing mesh assembly
Composition of control	Cleanliness, reinforcement quality, bar dimensions, steel grade	Welds, dimensions, mesh placement, cover, quality
Method and means of control	Visual measuring, meter	Visual measuring, steel meter
Mode and scope of control	Solid	All grids
The person in control		Master, laboratory assistant
The person responsible for organizing and exercising control
Services involved in monitoring		Laboratory
Control results registration wizard		Magazine general works. Welding log

7.13. The technological requirements that must be observed during the production of concrete work, and checked during operational control, as well as the scope, methods or methods of control, are given in Table 6.

Production of concrete works.

Table 6

Technical requirements	Control	Method or method of control

1. At the place of laying, the mobility of the concrete mixture should be in the range of 10 - 15 cm for structural elements	At least twice per shift with rhythmic mass concrete placement, other concrete mixer trucks visually.	Checking in accordance with GOST 10181.1-81 with registration in the journal of concrete work, concrete care, the Certificate of production of control samples, the journal of the arrival of the concrete mixture.
2. The temperature of the concrete mixture at the place of laying should not differ from the regulated one by more than ± 2 ° C (from 5 to 25 °)	In every concrete mixer on the construction site	Registration, measuring
3. The thickness of the laid concrete layer should not exceed 40 cm	Permanent, during concrete placement	Measuring, visual
4. The volume of air entrained in the concrete mixture is from 3 to 5% for concrete with frost resistance grade F 200	Once per shift (with constant: concrete composition, quality of materials, concrete mix preparation modes)	Checking in accordance with GOST 10181.3-81
5. Norms of samples when concreting structures	For each structural element of monolithic concrete structures, at least one series per shift.	See GOST 18105-86
6. Number of series of samples made from one sample of concrete mix at the facility	According to clause 2.3 GOST 18105-86	Registration
7. Acceptance of structures for water tightness and frost resistance is carried out based on the requirements of project documentation	According to the acts of the supplier plant, the results of determining the frost resistance of concrete laid in the construct.	According to the quality document in accordance with GOST 7473-94 clause 4.1 - 5.2 with the application of the factory test certificate in accordance with GOST 10060-95 and in accordance with GOST 12730.5-84

7.14. Forms with samples for determining the strength of concrete at the age of 28 days immediately after production must be installed in places of the lowest temperatures and in contact with the concrete surface for each structural element.

Forms with freshly molded samples must be wrapped in foil and placed under a heat-shielding coating before installation.

Forms with samples must be stored under a moisture-proof coating until the time of testing. After removing the moisture and heat protection coating from the structure, the remaining control samples (which have gained at least 70% strength) are stripped and stored until the required testing under normal conditions in accordance with GOST 10180-90.

8. Labor protection in the course of work

Labor protection is carried out in accordance with the health and safety plan (in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-4-2002, PB 10-382-00).

8.1. General requirements

TO independent work A concrete worker is allowed to persons who have reached the age of 18, who are recognized as fit for this work by a medical commission, who have been trained in safe methods and techniques for the production of work and briefings on labor safety and who have a certificate for the right to work as a concrete worker.

A concrete worker starting work must undergo an introductory briefing on labor safety, industrial sanitation, first aid, fire safety, environmental requirements, working conditions, initial briefing at the workplace, which should be recorded in the relevant journals with the obligatory signature of the instructed and instructing. Repeated briefing is carried out at least 1 time in 3 months. Unscheduled briefings are carried out when new or revised standards or other regulatory documents on labor protection are put into effect, when the technological process is changed, when equipment and tools are replaced or modernized, when materials are replaced, when workers violate labor safety requirements, at the request of supervisory authorities, during breaks in work more than 30 calendar days. Target briefing is carried out when performing one-time work.

Prior to the start of work, workplaces and passages to them must be cleared of foreign objects, debris, dirt, and in winter - from snow and ice and sprinkled with sand.

Be in a hazardous work area lifting mechanisms, and also it is forbidden to stand under the lifted load.

Machines, power tools and lighting lamps can only be switched on with the help of knife switch starters. Do not allow the presence of poorly insulated electrical wires on the site that are not fenced electrical devices. When working with power tools, the concrete worker must be trained and have the I qualification group for safety.

Before starting the equipment, check the security of guards in all exposed rotating and moving parts.

If a malfunction of the mechanisms and tools with which the concrete worker works, as well as fences, is detected, it is necessary to stop work and immediately inform the foreman about this.

Upon receipt of the tool, you must make sure that it is in good condition; the faulty tool must be handed over for repair.

When working with hand tools (scrapers, bush hammers, shovels, rammers), it is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the handles, the tightness of the nozzles on them, and also to ensure that the working surfaces of the tool are not knocked down, blunt, etc.

An electrified tool, as well as the electrical wire that feeds it, must have reliable insulation. Upon receipt of the power tool, it is necessary to check the condition of the wire insulation by external inspection. When working with the tool, make sure that the power cord is not damaged.

8.2. Requirements before and during work

When starting work, the concrete worker should wear the overalls prescribed by the norms, while the hair should be removed under the headgear, cuffs fastened or tightened with an elastic band.

When laying the concrete mixture with a concrete pump, it is necessary to check the operation of two-way signaling (sound, light) between the concrete pump driver and the workers receiving the concrete. Clean and tightly lock all interlocks of the concrete pipeline. Do not accept concrete mix with a defective concrete pump. The driver of the truck-mounted concrete pump before starting must give a warning signal and start the concrete pump for testing at idle for 2-3 minutes.

When delivering concrete in a concrete mixer truck, the following rules must be observed:

When unloading the concrete pump into the bunker, you must first put the concrete mixer truck on the hand brake and give a sound signal;

At the time of the approach of the concrete mixer truck, all workers should be on the side of the access road, opposite to the one on which the movement takes place;

It is forbidden to approach the mixer truck until it has come to a complete stop.

Before starting to place the concrete mixture in the formwork, it is necessary to check:

Fastening formwork, supporting scaffolding and working decks;

Fastening to the supports of the loading funnels, trays and trunks for lowering the concrete mix into the structure, as well as the reliability of fastening the individual links of the metal trunks to each other;

The condition of the protective hoods or flooring around the feed funnels.

Concrete workers working with vibrators are required to undergo a medical examination every 6 months.

Women are not allowed to work with a manual vibrator.

Concrete workers working with electrified tools must know the measures to protect against electric shock and be able to provide first aid to the victim.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully check the serviceability of the vibrator and make sure that:

The hose is well attached, and if it is accidentally pulled, the ends of the winding will not break;

The supply cable has no breaks and bare spots;

The ground contact is not damaged;

The switch is working properly;

The bolts that ensure the tightness of the casing are well tightened;

The connections of the parts of the vibrator are quite tight, and the motor winding is well protected from moisture;

The shock absorber on the vibrator handle is in good condition, and adjusted so that the vibration amplitude of the handle does not exceed the standards for this tool.

Before starting work, the body of the electric vibrator must be grounded. The general serviceability of the electric vibrator is checked by trial operation in a suspended state for 1 minute, while the tip must not be pressed against a solid base.

To power the electric vibrators (from the switchboard), four-wire hose wires or wires enclosed in a rubber tube should be used; the fourth core is necessary for grounding the vibrator case, operating at a voltage of 127 V or 220 V.

You can turn on the electric vibrator only with a knife switch protected by a casing or placed in a box. If the box is metal, it must be grounded.

Hose wires must be suspended and not run over the laid concrete.

Do not drag the vibrator by the hose wire or cable when moving it.

In the event of a break in live wires, sparking of contacts and a malfunction of the electric vibrator, stop work and immediately inform the master.

Work with vibrators on ladders, as well as on unstable scaffolds, decks, formwork, etc. prohibited.

When working with electric vibrators operating from a mains voltage of up to 220 V and above, it is necessary to wear rubber dielectric gloves and boots.

During continuous operation, the vibrator must be turned off every half hour for five minutes to cool down.

When it rains, the vibrators should be covered with a tarpaulin or kept indoors.

During breaks in work, as well as when concrete workers move from one place to another, the vibrators must be turned off.

The concrete worker working with the vibrator must not allow water to come into contact with the vibrator.

8.3. Safety precautions when working at height.

All work must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction" part 1, "Labor safety in construction" part 2.

Workplaces and passages to them at a height of 1.3 m or more, and at a distance of less than 2 m from the boundary of the difference in height, are protected by temporary inventory fences in accordance with GOST 12.4.059-89. If it is impossible to use safety fences or in the case of a short period of workers being at height, it is allowed to perform work using a safety belt.

Scaffolds are equipped with ladders or ladders for lifting and lowering people in the amount of at least two.

Ladders and ladders are equipped with a device that prevents the possibility of shifting and overturning them during operation.

Employees involved in the assembly and disassembly of scaffolding must be instructed on the methods and sequence of work and safety measures.

Metal scaffolding is not allowed to be installed closer than 5 m from the masts of the electrical network and operating equipment. Electric wires located closer than 5 m from scaffolding must be de-energized and grounded, or enclosed in boxes, or dismantled during their installation or disassembly. Scaffolds must be grounded.

Access for unauthorized persons (not directly involved in these works) to the area where the scaffolds are installed or dismantled must be closed.

During work at height, the passage under the work site must be closed, and the danger zone is fenced off and marked with safety signs. Scaffolding should not be used for storing materials.

Only those materials that are directly used (recycled) are fed to the scaffolding.

9. Environmental protection

9.1. The CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER of WORKS shall keep the construction site clean and provide appropriate facilities for the temporary storage of all types of waste until they are removed. Construction waste is stored only in specially designated areas indicated on the construction plan.

The CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER is responsible for ensuring the safe transport and disposal of all types of waste in such a way that it does not lead to environmental pollution or damage to human or animal health.

All sites and buildings are kept clean and tidy. All working personnel were instructed against signature, entered in the relevant journal and informed about the requirements for the maintenance of the workplace and the responsibility of each for the order at their place of work and rest.

Waste disposal should include the following:

Separate containers for different types of waste (metals, food waste, hazardous materials, garbage, etc.) with tight-fitting lids;

Locations for containers;

Waste scrap metal is temporarily stored at designated landfills agreed with the Committee for Environmental Protection, the Land Committee, local authorities;

Concrete waste is temporarily stored at temporary waste storage sites in specially equipped areas with improved coverage. Waste of reinforced concrete structures will be taken out by special vehicles for disposal at the landfill;

Washing of truck mixers and concrete pumps should be carried out only in the places indicated by the General Contractor.

Lumpy wood waste, unsuitable for use at the site, is temporarily stored at the temporary storage site and will be transported by road to be placed at the landfill;

Household waste will be removed by special vehicles for disposal and processing at the landfill in accordance with the waste removal agreement with a specialized company.

All waste hazardous to health undergoes final disposal at the relevant enterprises or landfills agreed with the local administration and regulatory authorities, under contracts, copies of which will be submitted to the Customer.

Refueling of construction equipment in the process of work is carried out by certified tankers “from the wheels”. All oils and lubricants are stored in warehouses in hermetically sealed containers with clear markings in Russian. If fuel and lubricants get on the soil or concrete surface, measures are immediately taken to cut off and dispose of contaminated soil, with concrete surface Fuel and lubricants are removed with sand or sawdust with subsequent disposal.

9.2. Protection of flora, fauna and habitat.

The planned activity sets the goal of minimal and temporary alienation of land, disturbance of vegetation cover.

In order to minimize the negative impact on the animal and vegetable world, during the construction of the facility, the CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER of WORKS must carry out organizational and technical measures:

Providing the facility with individual, passive and active fire fighting equipment, strict control over compliance with fire safety rules;

Preservation of the soil cover by maintaining equipment in good condition, eliminating the spill of oil products on the soil;

Operation of machinery only within the boundaries of the allotment of the construction site using existing access roads;

During the construction period, the protection of wildlife, first of all, will consist in compliance with environmental legislation, minimizing the impact on atmospheric air, surface waters, which will indirectly reduce the impact of the facility on the environment.

9.3. Minimization of air pollution and noise pollution of the environment.

Reducing the dust content of the air that occurs during construction is achieved due to the following:

The use of crushed stone pavement of roads, both at the construction site and between the construction site and the settlement for the construction workers, as well as within the settlement;

Regular cleaning of roads and wetting them to prevent dust in the air.

To reduce possible negative impacts to atmospheric air during construction, the CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER of WORKS should use only serviceable construction equipment with adjusted fuel equipment that ensures the lowest possible emission of pollutants into the environment, including effective noise suppressors;

Operates and maintains machinery in accordance with manufacturers' instructions and instructions, with particular attention to controlling noise and pollutant emissions;

Provides continuous monitoring of compliance current rules operation;

The equipment used for construction is subject to regular maintenance and checks for possible malfunctions;

It is not allowed to burn production waste;

It is forbidden to use ozone-depleting agents and freons in cooling and fire extinguishing systems;

During the summer period of construction, in order to reduce dust on access or working roads, it is necessary to continuously water the surface of the roadbed with water using watering machines.

9.4. Plan CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER of WORKS for organization of work on collection, storage and disposal of waste

During the production of works at the facility, 2 types of waste are generated:

Industrial (construction waste);

Household waste.

When handling hazardous waste, an appropriate act is drawn up based on the results of bringing the products to a safe state, which is approved by the head of the enterprise - the owner of the product.

In the process of collecting and accumulating waste, they are identified with the determination of whether they belong to a certain type of waste; separate containers are provided for each type of waste closed type(metals, food waste, hazardous materials, garbage, etc.), marked with warning signs.

CONTRACTOR-PERFORMER develops measures to minimize the amount of waste generated:

Use of equipment and spare parts for the full expected period of their operation;

Use of waste as a raw material in a new technological cycle;

Shift foremen are responsible for compliance with environmental protection requirements.

Bibliography

	GOST 2379-85
	GOST 7473-85*	Concrete mixes. Specifications
	GOST 8267-93	Crushed stone and gravel from dense mining for construction work. Specifications.
	GOST 8478-81
	GOST 10060.0-95	Methods for determining frost resistance. Concrete. General requirements
	GOST 10178-95	Portland cement and slag portlant cement. Specifications
	GOST 10180-90	Concrete. Methods for determining the strength of control samples
	GOST 10181.1-81
	GOST 10181-2000	Concrete mixes. Test Methods
	GOST 10922-90	Reinforcing and embedded products welded joints welded reinforcing and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. General specifications. reinforcing and embedded products
	GOST 12730.5-84	Concrete. Methods for determining water resistance
	GOST 14098-91	Welded reinforcing and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. Types, design and dimensions.
	GOST 18105-86*	Concrete. Strength control rules
	GOST 18242-72*	Statistical acceptance control by alternative feature. Control plans.
	GOST 23732-79	Water for concrete and solutions. Specifications.
	GOST 24211-91
	GOST 25346-89	ESDP. General provisions, series of tolerances and basic deviations 7.16
	GOST 25347-82*
	GOST 26633-91	Concrete is heavy and fine-grained. Specifications.
	SNiP 2.05.03-84*	Bridges and pipes
	SNiP 3.03.01-87	Bearing and enclosing structures
	SNiP 3.06.04-91	Bridges and pipes

Annex 1

snipov.net

VET

TECHNOLOGICAL CARD No.

for concrete work

1 Scope.. 3

2 organization and technology of work .. 3

3 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK.. 4

4 HEALTH AND SAFETY.. 5

5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION… 6

6 LIST OF REGULATORY-technical and reference documentation.. 7

6 Familiarization sheet.. 8

The technological map provides for the organization and technology of concrete work

The work under consideration includes:

preparation of concrete mix;
reinforcing work;
laying concrete;
control methods.

organization and technology of work performance

When performing work, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the regulatory documents given in Section 6.

Raw materials used in the manufacture of monolithic foundations must comply with the current regulatory and technical documentation, accompanied by documents from supplier enterprises certifying their quality.

The design of a monolithic foundation must meet the requirements of the existing regulatory documentation.

Preparation of concrete mix.

The concrete mixture is prepared in a forced action concrete mixer.

The choice of cements for the preparation of concrete mixtures should be made in accordance with GOST 30515-97. Acceptance of cements should be carried out in accordance with GOST 30515-97, transportation and storage of cements - in accordance with GOST 30515-97 and SNiP 3.09.01-85.

Aggregates for concrete are used fractionated and washed. It is forbidden to use natural mixture sand and gravel without sieving into fractions.

Dosing of the components of concrete mixes should be done by weight. Dosing by volume of water of additives introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of aqueous solutions is allowed. The ratio of components is determined for each batch of cement and aggregates, when preparing concrete of the required strength and mobility. The dosage of the components should be adjusted during the preparation of the concrete mixture, taking into account the data of monitoring the indicators of cement properties, moisture content, granulometry of aggregates and strength control.

When preparing a concrete mix using a separate technology, the following procedure must be observed:

water, part of the sand, finely ground mineral filler (if used) and cement are dosed into a working high-speed mixer, where everything is mixed;
the resulting mixture is fed into a concrete mixer, pre-loaded with the rest of the aggregates and water, and once again everything is mixed.
the break between the stages of concreting (or laying layers of concrete mix) should be at least 40 minutes, but not more than 2 hours.
the use of additives (anti-frost, air-entraining, concrete hardening accelerators and retarders, etc.) is allowed.

Armature works.

Reinforcing work should be carried out in accordance with the technological map P

Laying and compacting concrete mixtures

The laying of the concrete mixture should be carried out by concrete pavers that have devices that dispense and distribute the mixture in the limiting side equipment, as a rule, without the use of manual labor.

When laying concrete mixtures in an open landfill, it is necessary to take measures (special shelters, sheds, film coatings) to protect concrete mixtures and freshly molded products from the harmful effects of atmospheric influences.

The molding modes should ensure the compaction coefficient of the concrete mixture (the ratio of its actual density to the calculated theoretical one): for heavy concrete - not less than 0.98; when using rigid mixtures and appropriate justification, as well as for fine-grained concrete - not less than 0.96. The volume of intergranular voids in compacted lightweight concrete mix must comply with the requirements of GOST 25820-83.

Stripping of products after heat treatment should be carried out after the concrete has reached stripping strength.

Quality control of work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents given in Section 6:

When accepting finished concrete and reinforced concrete structures or parts of structures, the following should be checked:

compliance of structures with working drawings;
the quality of concrete in terms of strength, and, if necessary, frost resistance, water resistance and other indicators specified in the project;
the quality of the materials used in the construction, semi-finished products and products.

Acceptance of finished concrete and reinforced concrete structures or parts of structures should be formalized in accordance with the established procedure by an act of inspection of hidden works or an act of acceptance of critical structures.

Composition of operations and means of control during concreting

download TECHNOLOGICAL CARD for Concrete works

Leading employees and specialists of the organization, according to the list of positions approved by the head of the organization, before being admitted to work, and subsequently periodically within the established time limits, are tested for their knowledge of the rules of labor protection and safety, taking into account their job duties and the nature of the work performed. The procedure for conducting training and testing knowledge is established in accordance with GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT “Organization of labor safety training. General Provisions” and in accordance with the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of 13.01.2003 No. "The procedure for training in labor protection and testing knowledge of the labor requirements of employees of organizations." Approximate regulation on the procedure for training and testing knowledge on labor protection for managers and specialists of organizations, enterprises and institutions and institutions of construction, the building materials industry and housing and communal services. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

Employees performing work must pass a knowledge test and have certificates of knowledge testing on labor protection.

Employees who have not previously been trained in safe labor practices by profession, within a month from the date of admission to work, must be trained in accordance with GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT in the scope of labor protection instructions for the relevant professions, drawn up on the basis of industry-specific labor protection instructions, and get a safety certificate.

Workplaces should be provided with first aid kits with medicines.

The list of documents that must be located at the place of work:

Orders on the appointment of responsible persons for labor protection, industrial safety;
Orders on the appointment of responsible persons for the good condition and safe operation of machines and mechanisms;
Orders for securing equipment;

logbook of briefing at the workplace;
journal of comments and suggestions;
input control log.

In order to protect the environment, when carrying out the above works, it is prohibited:

violate the boundaries of the territories allocated for construction;
pollute the environment with construction waste, for which it is necessary at the design stage to provide for methods of processing and disposal of waste;
disturb the natural drainage network;
passage of machinery and vehicles in places not provided for by the project for the production of works;
plan and cut steep slopes on sites due to the possibility of soil erosion;
do not comply with the requirements of local environmental authorities.

For causing damage to the environment (destruction of the soil and vegetation cover, pollution of water bodies, fires in forests, peat bogs, etc.) outside the right of way, the managers of works, as well as workers directly causing damage to the environment.

LIST OF REGULATORY-technical and reference documentation
SNiP III-42-80*. Main pipelines;
- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, foundations and foundations;
SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures;
VSN 004-88. Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization;
VSN 014-89. Construction of main and field pipelines. environmental protection;
GOST R 51285-99. Grids wire twisted with hexagonal cells for gabion designs. Specifications;
GOST 7502-98. Roulettes measuring metal. Technical requirements.
GOST 12-03-01. SSBT. Personal respiratory protection. Classification and labeling;
GOST 12.3.003-86*. SSBT. Electrical works. Safety requirements;
GOST 123.016-87. SSBT. Building. Anti-corrosion works. Safety requirements;
SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;
SP 12-136-2002. Solutions for labor protection and industrial safety in projects for the organization of construction and projects for the production of works
POT R M-016-2001. Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations;
PB 10-382-00. Device rules and safe operation lifting cranes;
Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations”;
POT R M-027-2003. Intersectoral rules on labor protection in road transport;
Safety rules for the operation of main oil pipelines.

No. p.p.	Full name	Employee position	date	Signature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

otdel-pto.ru

General instructions

real guidelines are intended for students of the direction of preparation 270800.62 "Construction" and are intended to assist in the implementation of term papers and theses in the section "Technology and organization of construction production"

Technological maps are one of the main documents of the project for the production of works, containing a set of guidelines for the rational organization and technology of construction production, which contribute to increasing labor productivity, improving quality and reducing the cost of construction and installation works.

Technological maps are mandatory for use by work foremen, foremen and foremen as a guide for organizing production and labor of workers when performing construction and installation work at a specific facility.

The instruction contains a general methodology and sequence for the development of technological maps, examples of the implementation of technological maps for the following construction processes are given:

Excavation;

Concrete works;

Installation work;

stone work;

Piling works;

Backfilling and soil compaction.

Technological maps that are part of the project for the production of works are usually developed on complex types works and works performed by new methods. The main purpose of these maps is to assist builders and designers in the development of technological documentation.

According to the technological maps, the technological sequence of construction processes is established, weekly-daily schedules and work orders are drawn up. They are used both in the performance of construction and installation works, and in justifying the duration of the construction of facilities in the calendar plans and network schedules of work production projects.

The use of technological maps, including standard ones, helps to improve the organization of production, increase labor productivity and its scientific organization, reduce costs, improve quality and reduce the duration of construction, safe work, organization of rhythmic work, rational use labor resources and machines, as well as reducing the time for compiling WEPs and unifying technological solutions.

Technological maps (TC) are developed for the implementation of construction and installation and special construction processes, the products of which are finished structural elements of a building or structure, process equipment, pipelines and their components, as well as for the production of certain types of work - earthworks, roofing, painting, anti-corrosion, heat-insulating, etc. In some cases, technological maps are developed for complex construction and installation works (for laying 100 m of a pipeline, a collector, 1 km of an electric cable, etc.). Technological maps must be developed and linked previously developed (standard) with the obligatory consideration of the real conditions of construction - the accepted organization of work, a specific set of available construction machines, mechanisms, devices, Vehicle, as well as climatic and other conditions. At the same time, one should focus on advanced engineering and construction technology.

For the development of TC as initial data and documents, it is necessary: working drawings, building codes and regulations (SNiP), instructions, standards, factory instructions and specifications for installation, commissioning and commissioning of equipment, equipment passports, uniform norms and prices for construction and installation work (ENiR), local progressive norms and prices, maps of labor organization and labor processes.

Typical technological maps (TTK) are developed in order to ensure the construction of typical and repeatedly repeated buildings, structures and their parts rational decisions on the organization and technology of construction production, which contribute to increasing labor productivity, improving quality and reducing the cost of construction and installation works. TTCs are intended for use by organizations developing projects for the production of works for the construction of new or reconstruction and expansion of existing facilities.

TTK is developed according to working drawings of typical and reusable buildings and structures based on the study and generalization of best practices, taking into account: the use of technological processes that ensure the required level of quality of work; complex supply of structures, products, semi-finished products and materials; maximum use of the scope of work and the combination of construction processes; the introduction of integrated mechanization with the maximum use of machines in two or more shifts, as well as the use of small-scale mechanization; supply of structures and technological equipment enlarged blocks; compliance with the rules of industrial sanitation, labor protection and safety. Organizational and technological solutions adopted in the TTK should ensure high technical and economic indicators, quality and safety of work in accordance with the requirements of the current norms and rules of construction production.

The composition of the technological map

The technological map should contain the following sections:

Here are:

characteristics of the building, structural elements and their parts or parts of buildings and structures (indicating standard designs, main parameters and schemes);

nomenclature of types of work covered by the map;

characteristics of the conditions and features of the production of works adopted in the map;

instructions on linking the map to a specific object and construction conditions.

II. Organization and technology of the construction process. This section contains:

instructions for the preparation of the facility and requirements for the readiness of previous work and building structures, which provide the necessary and sufficient front of work to complete the construction process provided for by the map;

the plan and sections of the structural part of the building or structure on which the work provided for by the technological map will be performed, as well as the organization scheme of the construction site ( working area) during the production of this type of work (plans, sections and diagrams should indicate all the main dimensions and placement of units, machines, handling devices, warehouses for basic materials, semi-finished products, products, roads);

instructions on the duration of storage and the stock of structures, products and materials at the construction site (working area);

methods and sequence of work, breakdown of the building (structure) into grips and tiers, methods of transporting materials and structures to workplaces, types of scaffolds, fixtures, mounting equipment used;

the numerical and qualification composition of brigades and links of workers, taking into account the combination of professions;

work schedule and labor costs calculation;

instructions for linking maps of labor processes in construction production, providing for the rational organization, methods and techniques of work of workers to perform individual operations included in the construction process provided for by the technological map;

instructions for monitoring and assessing the quality of work in accordance with the requirements of the chapters of SNiP for the production and acceptance of work and a list of required certificates of examination of hidden work;

solutions for labor protection and safety in the performance of work that require design development.

Technological maps for work performed in winter should additionally contain instructions on the mode of maintaining structures, places for measuring temperature and humidity, methods for insulating and sealing joints in structures, schemes for performing work in winter.

III. Technical and economic indicators. This section provides:

1. Labor costs for the entire scope of work, man-days.

Labor costs for the entire scope of work are determined by the calculation of labor costs as the sum of the lines of column 8 (see table 1.1)

2. The cost of machine shifts for the entire scope of work.

The total need for machines is determined by the calculation of labor costs as the sum of column 9 (see table 1.1).

3. Labor costs per accepted unit of measurement, man-hours. (man-days).

It is calculated by dividing the sum of labor costs (labor intensity) by the physical volume of work.

4. Output per worker per shift in physical terms;

The output is calculated either by dividing the cost of construction and installation works to be performed by the labor intensity of their implementation, and then the indicator has a monetary value (rubles / person-day), or by dividing the physical volume of work by the labor intensity, and then the output is obtained in kind in terms of (1 m2 of area, 1 m3 of construction, 1 m3 of building per 1 man-day or 1 man-hour, etc.).

5. The duration of the work in days. The duration of the work in days is determined according to the calendar schedule for the production of work (column 15, table 1.5).

IV. Material and technical resources. This section lists the resource requirements required to complete the construction process outlined in the map, as determined by shop drawings, specifications, or physical quantities and resource usage rates. The number and types of machines, tools, inventory and fixtures are determined according to the work organization scheme adopted in the map in accordance with the scope of work, the timing of their implementation and the number of workers. The need for operational materials is determined in accordance with their consumption rates.

Registration of a technological map

The text of the map is drawn up in the form of an explanatory note on A4 sheets, the pages must be numbered. Sections should be numbered with Arabic numerals throughout the entire flow sheet. Within sections, the text is subdivided into paragraphs, which are numbered with Arabic numerals within each section. The item number must consist of section and item numbers separated by dots.

Calculation of labor costs is performed in the form of table 1.1.

Table 2.1. Labor costing

The list of works (column 2) is filled in technological sequence performance of work.

The scope of work (columns Z, 4) is determined according to the working drawings and estimates. The selection of volumes from estimates is less time-consuming, but since there is no division of volumes into captures in estimates, to clarify the volumes of individual work, they use directly working drawings and specifications for them, controlling the correctness of calculations according to estimates. The volume of work should be expressed in units adopted for calculating labor intensity and machine intensity.

Rationale. In gr. 5 indicates the rationale (paragraph number, table, columns and positions of the norm adopted according to ENiR, GESN or others).

The norm of time per unit of measurement (columns 6, 7) is filled in according to the accepted justification.

The basis of calculations in the calculation of labor costs (LLC) can be based on data of varying degrees of objectivity, the adequacy of which is not the same for real conditions.

The purpose of calculating labor costs and machine intensity in KTZ is to determine the need for these resources. But in the presence of reliable data of experience, labor intensity and machine intensity should be taken according to those actually achieved at a similar facility. In this case, data on the composition of the team, labor costs and other parameters are simultaneously known.

Thus, the greatest accuracy is ensured by the use of information about the achieved performance of a given team on the same type of object (for example, houses of the same series). Calculations are less accurate, which are based on the production of the same brigade at a close distance. constructive solutions facility or another team of the same organization at a similar facility.

Calculations based on estimated norms, ENiR, etc. are less accurate, since they do not take into account a number of different factors that can be grouped into the following groups:

influence of natural-climatic and seasonal conditions of work performance;

specific solutions for the mechanization of work, averaged in the norms of labor costs;

the way of conducting work and the level of organization of production and the productivity of labor achieved by this team.

The labor intensity of work (columns 8, 9) and the cost of machine time are determined by the following formulas:

where 8 hours is the duration of the shift.

The composition of the link (column 10) is accepted according to the accepted justification without change.

At the end of the KTZ, the results are put down in columns 8 and 9.

The scheme of operational quality control of work is carried out in the form of a table.

Table 2.2. Operational quality control

The name of the operations (columns 2, 3) subject to control are filled in in the technological sequence of their implementation.

Quality control of operations (columns 4, 5, 6, 7). It describes the composition of controlled operations, methods and methods of control, a list of metrology tools, the time of control (usually operational control is performed after the completion of production operations) and, if necessary, involved services - construction laboratories, geodetic, geological and other services.

The need for material and technical resources in the production of works considered by the map is given in tables 2.3 and 2.4.

The need for a tool, inventory is given for a separate link or team.

Table 2.3. The need for tools, inventory

Table 2.4. The need for materials, semi-finished products

The graphical part of technological maps includes plans and sections, diagrams, graphs, drawings provided for in paragraph II of paragraph 2.2, while the graphic materials must be extremely clear for understanding and should not contain unnecessary dimensions, designations.

The work schedule is drawn up in the form of table 2.5.

Table 2.5. Work Schedule

Columns 1 ÷ 9 of the work schedule fully correspond to columns 1 ÷ 9 of the labor cost calculation (table 2.1).

The required number of machines and mechanisms (column l0) depends on the volume and nature of construction and installation works and the timing of their implementation.

The number of workers per shift (column 12) and the composition of the team are determined in accordance with the complexity and duration of the work. When calculating the composition of the brigade, it is assumed that the transition from one capture to another should not cause changes in the numerical and qualification composition of the brigade. Taking into account this circumstance, the most rational structure for combining professions in the brigade is established. Typically, teams have an established composition, which is taken into account when drawing up a work schedule.

The calculation of the composition of the brigade is carried out in a certain sequence:

outline a set of works assigned to the brigade (according to column 2);

calculate the standard labor intensity of the works included in the complex (column 6), from the calculation, select labor costs by profession and category of workers;

establish recommendations for the rational combination of professions; on the basis of data on the performance of the main lifting mechanisms for the implementation of the intended complex, the duration of the leading process is established;

calculate the number of units (column 11) and the brigade;

determine the professional and qualification composition of the brigade;

calculate the design complexity (column 8).

To determine the quantitative and qualification composition of one brigade, you can use ENiRs.

The range of work assigned to the team includes all the work necessary for the smooth operation of the leading machine, all technologically related or dependent work. So, when erecting the above-ground part of large-panel houses, which is carried out in two cycles, the first cycle, along with the installation, includes all the work associated with the installation (carpentry, special work, etc., providing preparation of the house for Painting works). During construction brick buildings in three cycles in the first cycle, the construction team is entrusted, along with construction and installation, with related general construction work, which provides preparation for plastering work. In the second and third cycles, plastering and painting works are performed respectively.

In order for the strength of the brigade to correspond to the productivity of the leading machine, it is necessary to take as the basis for the calculation the period of work determined on the basis of the estimated time of operation of the machine or production experience data.

The quantitative composition of each link nw is determined on the basis of labor costs for the work assigned to the link, Qp (man-days) and the duration of the leading process T mech (days) according to the formula:

where: m is the number of work shifts per day (column 9).

The quantitative composition of the brigade is determined by summing up the number of workers of all units that make up the brigade.

Labor costs by profession and category are established by sampling from the calculation of labor costs. The number of workers by profession and category is determined by the formula:

where Nbr is the total number of the brigade;

d - the share of labor costs by profession and category in the total labor intensity of work.

With a small amount of work for any profession that does not provide a full load in the billing period, a combination of professions is planned. The normative labor intensity of work performed in the order of combination should not exceed 15% of the total labor intensity of work. Usually they combine the professions of an installer and a carpenter, a carpenter and a concrete worker, an electric welder and an installer, an insulator and a roofer, etc. An approximate list of combined works is given in table 2.6.

Table 2.6. Approximate list of combined works

Installer structures	Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures; installation in place of joinery; welding and rigging works; laying of concrete mix at zamonolichivaniye of designs.
Rigger	Rigging works; bitumen cooking, concrete mix laying at monolithic constructions; caulking of joints
electric welder	Assembly of prefabricated structures; electric welding works; installation of metal fences; lifting work
Mason	masonry works; installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures together with a qualified installer; scaffolding; laying of concrete mix when embedding structures; lifting work; plastering of individual places
Plasterer	Plastering works; reinforced concrete cladding flights of stairs mosaic plates; together with a qualified carpenter, filling window and door openings and assembling built-in equipment.
	Filling openings; assembly and installation of built-in wardrobes; glazing; laying the concrete mix at the preparation device under the floors; waterproofing of bathrooms.
Transport	Caulking the joints of structures and window blocks together with skilled workers; plastering surfaces; brickwork

Number of shifts (column 13). When using the main machines (mounting cranes, etc.), the number of work shifts is taken at least two. The shift of work performed manually and with the help of a mechanized tool depends on the available scope of work and the availability of workers. In addition, some work where high accuracy is required (column alignment) should be performed only during the day shift. The performance of a number of works on the second shift, especially in the autumn-winter period, requires additional measures for labor protection, lighting of workplaces, passages, etc. However, the implementation of these measures does not completely eliminate the inconvenience of working on the second shift. Work carried out manually is assigned to the second shift only in those rare cases when the scope of work is sharply limited and the team (link) is forced to split up for shift work.

Duration of work (column 14). First, the duration of mechanized work is determined, the rhythm of which determines the entire scheduling, and then the duration of manual work is calculated.

The duration of mechanized work Tmeh (days) is determined by the formula:

where: Nmach.-change. - the required number of machine shifts (column 9);

nmash - number of cars;

m is the number of work shifts per day (column 13).

The required number of machines depends on the volume and nature of construction and installation works and the timing of their implementation.

The duration of manual work Tr (days) is calculated by dividing the labor intensity of work Qp (man-days) by the number of workers nh that can occupy the front of the work and by the number of shifts per day:

The limiting number of workers who can work on the grip can be determined by dividing the front of work into plots, the size of which should be equal to the shift productivity of a link or an individual worker, as well as the number and productivity of lifting mechanisms. The product of the number of plots and the composition of the units gives the maximum number of the brigade in this area.

Minimization of the duration has a limit in the form of three restrictions: the size of the front of work, the availability of workers and the technology of work.

The schedule for the production of works (column 15) is given in the form of a linear graph. The calendar deadlines for the performance of individual works are set from the condition of observing a strict technological sequence, taking into account the need to provide a front for the implementation of subsequent work in the shortest possible time.

The period of readiness of the work front in some cases increases due to the need to observe technological breaks between two successive works. For example, the installation of overlying reinforced concrete structures can be carried out only after the monolithic joints of the supporting structures acquire the required strength (at least 70% of R28). Technological breaks are not fixed, they depend on a number of factors.

So, the drying time of the plaster depends on the period of the year, the temperature and the methods used - natural or artificial ventilation. If necessary, technological breaks can be reduced by using more intensive methods. So, when constructing a monolithic joint, a different type and brand of cement, electric heating and other methods of accelerating the hardening of concrete can be used.

page 1

page 2

page 3

page 4

page 5

page 6

page 7

page 8

page 9

page 10

page 11

page 12

page 13

page 14

page 15

page 16

PREPARATION OF CEMENT CONCRETE MIXTURE
IN THE MIXING PLANT
CAPACITY 200 - 240 m3

I. SCOPE

The technological map is intended for use in the development of a project for the production of work and the organization of work and labor at a construction site.

This technological map has been developed for the preparation of a cement concrete mixture in the Rex mixing plant, model C, with a capacity of up to 240 m 3 / h.

The following basic conditions are accepted in the map.

Automated cement concrete plant with mixing plant"Rex" works in the general complex of the technological process for the installation of airfield pavements and foundations with a concrete paving set of machines "Autograde".

Consumable storage of sand and graded crushed stone open type, with dividing walls, is located next to the mixing plant. In the warehouse, an irreducible stock of materials is created and maintained, sufficient for the plant to operate at maximum productivity for 10 days. Sand and fractionated crushed stone are delivered to the supply warehouse by rail or road.

In the case of delivery of unfractionated or contaminated crushed stone, washing and sorting of the material into fractions should be organized.

The supply of sand and crushed stone to the feeders (receiving hoppers) of the conveyors of the prefabricated dosing hopper is carried out by the Case bucket loaders.

Cement supply of the mixing plant "Rex" is carried out from the supply warehouse with a capacity of 480 T designs of Design Bureau of Glavstroymekhanizatsiya.

The warehouse is equipped with equipment for pneumatic supply of cement to the supply hopper of the mixing plant.

Cement is delivered to the consumable warehouse by cement trucks.

The mixing plant is provided with electricity, as well as water from a temporary water supply or artesian well (Fig. 1).

A paved access road is laid to the mixing plant. The movement of cars is organized according to the ring scheme, without oncoming traffic.

For the export of the cement concrete mixture, a column of KrAZ-256B dump trucks is fixed.

In this technological map, the batch volume is assumed to be 5.3 m 3, mixing time of materials - 60 sec, mixer capacity 200 m 3 / h.

In all cases of changing the conditions adopted in the technological map, it is necessary to link it to new specific conditions for the production of work.

II. MANUFACTURING PROCESS INSTRUCTIONS

Brief technical characteristics of the mixing plant

Performance, m 3 / h................................................. .............. up to 240

Type of concrete mixer .................................................. ............... gravitational

cyclical

Number of filler fractions .............................................................. ....... 3

The maximum fineness of the aggregate, mm....................................... 40

Feed hopper capacity:

placeholders, m 3............................................................................ 135

cement, T....................................................................................... 70

Water tank volume, l..................................................................... 19000

The total power of electric motors, kw ............................... 241

Dimensions, mm:

length................................................. ............................................... 20000

width................................................. ......................................... 5000

height................................................. ......................................... 15700

Rice. 1. Layout plan of the mixing plant "Rex":

1 - cement warehouse; 2 - trailer for staff on duty; 3 - compressor DK-9; 4 - mobile compressors PV-10 - 3 pcs.; 5 - refrigerator for air; 6 - receivers - 2 pcs.; 7 - Remote Control; 8 - trailer for service personnel; 9 - trailer for a mechanic; 10 - cement pipelines; 11 - installation "Rex"; 12 - transformer substation

Rice. 2. Installation scheme "Rex":

1 - mixer; 2 - the account bunker of cement; 3 - cement dispenser; 4 - containers for water and additives; 5 - dosing conveyor; 6 - filler dispenser; 7 - three-section aggregate bunker; 8 - weight head of cement batcher; 9 - weight head of the filler dispenser; 10 - cement pipeline; 11 - filters; 12 - mixer support frame; 13 - hydraulic overturning mixer; 14 - air compressor; 15 - belt, filler conveyors; 16 - Remote Control

The mixing plant is designed for the preparation of slow-moving and plastic cement-concrete mixtures with aggregate size up to 40 mm.

The installation has the following main blocks (Fig. 2):

concrete mixer with a tilting drum of cyclic action, free mixing;

supply hopper for cement, equipped with automatic indicators of the lower and upper levels of cement. The full loading of the bunker is designed for 30 - 60 min plant operation;

prefabricated dosing bin for sand and crushed stone (aggregates) with three compartments, with three dosers and a dosing belt conveyor. The volume of the bunker is designed for 15 - 30 min work;

weighing batcher of cement, batchers for water and for additives;

three feeders (receiving hoppers) with mobile belt conveyors for feeding materials into the collection hopper;

control panel equipped with instruments that control the operation of all mechanisms, as well as transfer the operation of the installation to automatic control according to a given program or (if necessary) to remote control.

Preparing the mixing plant for operation

Prior to the release of the cement concrete mixture, the following is performed:

check the presence of cement, water, additives and aggregates in supply tanks;

turn on the electricity (the red light on the remote control lights up), the voltmeter shows the supplied voltage;

turn on the control panel (by glowing lights they check the condition of the weights of cement and aggregates, the serviceability of the shutters of the dispensers) and, if everything is in order, turn on the compressor.

Two lamps on the control panel light up, indicating that the air pressure in the system is normal and the plant is ready for operation.

The plant operator is given the composition of the cement concrete mixture, selected by the laboratory, taking into account the moisture content of the materials.

The mixture composition data is set on the control panel dials, limiters are set on the weight heads of the sand, crushed stone and cement dispensers, the arrows of the dispensers are set to "0".

Before turning on the units of the installation, the driver gives two warning sounds: the first is long, the second is short, with a one-minute break.

After that, the installation units are put into operation in the following order:

hydraulic pump;

pump for supplying water to the dispenser;

cement aeration compressor;

concrete mixer;

belt dosing conveyor (supply of materials to the mixer);

conveyors for supplying materials to the collection dosing hopper.

During the start-up of the mechanisms, the value of the starting current is controlled by ammeters after the units are idle for 1-2 minutes.

After the plant is started, the concrete mixer is tested (several empty overturns) and, if lowering and lifting occur smoothly without jerks and there are no other malfunctions, the mixture is released.

First, test batches are made in semi-automatic mode. During this period, the operator of the control panel and the laboratory assistant set the stopwatch hand to the specified mixing mode, determine the draft of the cone by sampling and according to the readings of the device. If the draft of the cone differs from the specified one, then the dosage of water is adjusted. Having achieved the specified draft of the cone and making sure that the dosage of the constituent materials is correct, the driver switches the plant to automatic mode of operation.

Preparing the mixture

The plant operates according to the following technological scheme.

Forklifts "Case" crushed stone of two fractions and sand are fed from stacks to open area into feeders. From the feeders, the materials are fed by conveyors into a three-section combined dosing hopper of aggregates. The filling level of materials is controlled by sensors. The filling of the dosing hopper and the regulation of materials is carried out automatically by opening and closing the movable jaws in the feed hoppers.

Materials from the collection bin are sequentially fed into the weighing bin. Indications on the scales are summarized in the following sequence: crushed stone of fraction 5 - 20 mm, sand, crushed stone of fraction 20 - 40 mm. After the set of all the constituent aggregates, the gate jaws automatically open and the dosed materials from the bunker enter the dosing conveyor, which delivers crushed stone and sand to the concrete mixer.

At the same time, cement is dosed into a special container, and from there it enters the concrete mixer through the channel.

After the time of "dry" mixing of materials, water and additives are fed into the concrete mixer, dosed with appropriate dispensers.

When preparing a cement concrete mixture, surface-active additives are introduced. The plasticizing additive SDB (sulfite-yeast mash) is introduced in an amount of 0.2 - 0.25% by weight of the cement. The additive is introduced into the supply tank with mixing water, and then the solution is fed into the dosing tank using a centrifugal pump. In the process of pumping, the solution foams, which adversely affects the accuracy of the bladder tank. In order to avoid foaming, it is recommended to arrange a separate surfactant dosing tank and introduce the additive concentrate directly into the concrete mixer.

The air-entraining admixture SNV (neutralized air-entraining resin) is supplied separately as a solution in water in an amount of 0.02 - 0.03% (calculated on a dry matter basis) of the cement weight. The set amount of START is measured by a glass graduated cylinder and automatically fed into the mixer.

The start and end time of the supply of all materials is controlled by signal lights on the control panel.

In a concrete mixer, dosed sand, crushed stone and cement are first mixed together (dry mixing), then mixed with water and additives.

The duration of mixing is controlled by a stopwatch.

When releasing the cement-concrete mixture, after mixing all the materials with water, the draft of the cone is checked and, if necessary, corrected, achieving the same draft of each batch.

With each new batch, the moisture content of the sand is determined by the moisture meter and, with a sharp change in humidity, the amount of water is reduced so that the cone settlement becomes less than the specified one, and then, by adding water "manually", the cone settlement is brought to the specified norm. The addition of water is made for 20 - 25 sec until the end of mixing.

After the set mixing time has elapsed (the red light on the stopwatch turns off), the driver presses the button to overturn the mixer and unloads the mixture into the body of a dump truck.

At the end of unloading, the concrete mixer returns to starting position, the electric circuit of automation is switched on, and the cycle is repeated. During the mixing of the mixture, the dosage of materials for the next batch is automatically performed.

In table. 1 shows the approximate hourly capacity of the plant, depending on the accepted duration of mixing of materials.

Table 1

Work performed at the end of the shift

At the end of the working day, the mixing plant units are cleaned with compressed air.

Crushed stone is first fed into the concrete mixer and dry cleaning is carried out, then it is washed with water and, in an overturned position, is finally washed with water from a hose.

During the shift and at the end of work, the access road and the plant area are periodically sprinkled with water to reduce dust. A bulldozer removes the remains of the spilled concrete mixture from under the mixer.

Requirements for the quality of cement concrete mix

The prepared cement-concrete mixture must have a well-chosen granulometric composition, have the necessary mobility or rigidity. The mixture must meet the requirements of GOST 8424-72 "Road concrete".

The serviceability of the dispensers is checked daily at the beginning of the shift by a representative of the CBZ laboratory.

For the preparation of cement concrete mix materials are used:

Cements that meet the requirements of GOST 10178 -62;

Natural sands - quartz or quartz-feldspar, meeting the requirements of GOST 10268-62, GOST 8736-67;

Crushed stone that meets the requirements of GOST 8267 -64;

Water that meets the requirements of GOST 2874-73.

When producing a cement concrete mixture, the following quality indicators are controlled:

a) compliance with the technological characteristics of the concrete mixture (mobility, stiffness, volume of entrained air and volumetric mass) with the specified ones - at least 2 times per shift and in case of a clear change in the properties of the concrete mixture.

table 2

The dependence of the draft of the cone on the speed of the concrete paver SF-425

* In laboratory conditions, when selecting the composition, the concrete mix mobility indicator should be taken according to the average value (in the numerator with an asterisk);

b) compliance with the mixing time of the mixture given;

c) the density of solutions of surfactant additives of a working concentration - each time after preparing a new portion of the solution in each container;

d) cement dosing accuracy - at least once a day;

e) the composition of the concrete mix by wet screening - at least once a week.

Safety in the production of work

When performing work at a cement concrete plant, the following safety regulations must be observed.

Persons who have the right to operate the relevant machines and units of the cement concrete plant and are trained in the rules of safe work are allowed to work.

All drivers and workers must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment.

Before starting the plant, it is necessary to test the operation of the units at idle.

The plant must be equipped with a reliable audible alarm system.

Open live parts of shields, contact parts of plug connections, switches and knife switches electrical machines must be protected by covers or covers that do not have open holes.

During the operation of the plant, it is forbidden to carry out repairs, cleaning of the concrete mixer and lubrication. Repairs to plant components may only be carried out after the plant has been shut down.

In the event of a sudden stop of one of the operating units of the technological complex, the remaining units of the plant should be immediately turned off, first towards the material loading unit, and then to the cement concrete mixture unloading unit.

The working platform of the installation with a control panel must be fenced and closed to access by unauthorized persons, and all launchers must exclude the launch of the machine and the inclusion of electrical networks by unauthorized persons.

Before stopping the concrete mixer, it is necessary to stop the supply of materials to it. The concrete mixer should work until it is completely empty, after which the drive is turned off. The mixer driver must perform all switching on of the plant's mechanisms only at the direction of the mechanic on duty, after notifying the maintenance personnel about this through the unit's loudspeaker.

III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK

Works on the preparation of cement-concrete mixture are carried out, as a rule, in two shifts.

In each shift, the mixing plant is serviced by a team of workers of the following composition:

Mixer driver 6 years - one

Assistant driver 5 "- 1

Electrician 5" - 1

Bulldozer driver 5" - 1

Case loader drivers 6 "- 3 *

Component dispenser 2 » - 1

Maintenance Worker 2" - 1

Compressor driver 5" - 1

Compressor driver assistants 4" - 2

Construction fitter 4 "- 1

* With increasing mixing time up to 90 sec from the brigade exclude the driver of the loader "Case" 6 razr. - one.

The mixer driver controls the unit during operation from the control panel. Before turning the units into operation, it gives warning sound signals, turns on the units of the installation.

The assistant driver monitors the availability of materials in supply bins. If necessary, briefly replaces the driver at the control panel.

The electrician monitors the technical condition of power electrical equipment and eliminates all malfunctions of electrical equipment.

The construction locksmith lubricates the units according to the lubrication chart, checks the condition of the hydraulic system hoses, monitors the serviceability of the units and units of the installation.

Case loader drivers (3 people) prepare the machines for operation, ensure uninterrupted supply of materials to the conveyor feeders, and provide maintenance of the loaders.

Bulldozer driver c. the course of the shift pushes crushed stone and sand to the working platform of the loaders. At the end of the shift, it removes the remnants of the spilled mixture under the mixer.

The component dispenser dispenses additives according to the recipe, gives a signal about the supply of the solution to the mixer.

The auxiliary worker keeps records of the prepared mixture, issues invoices for the mixture to dump truck drivers, and at the end of the shift checks his data with the meter data on the control panel.

Compressor driver - 5 grades, two compressor driver assistants - 4 grades. ensure the uninterrupted supply of cement to the supply hopper, the receipt of cement from cement trucks into the tanks of the cement warehouse, ensure the good condition of all aggregates of the cement warehouse.

The brigade does not include and is paid separately for drivers of cement trucks.

IV. CYCLOGRAM OF OPERATION OF THE MIXING UNIT "REX"

(mixing time 60 sec, batch volume 5.3 m3)

Notes. 1. Cycle duration - 95 sec. During this time, prepare 5.3 m 3 mixtures.

2. Hourly productivity of the installation П hour = 3600´5.3/95 = 200 m 3. The changeable productivity of the installation with a coefficient of its use in time during the shift K in \u003d 0.8 is equal to P cm \u003d 200´0.8´8 \u003d 1280 m 3.

V. SCHEDULE OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF PREPARING THE CEMENT CONCRETE MIXTURE

(replaceable capacity 1280 m 3 with a mixing time of 60 seconds)

Notes. 1. The numbers above the line - the duration of operations in minutes.

2. Labor intensity includes rest time for workers in the amount of 10% of the work time.

3. * With increasing mixing time up to 90 sec from the brigade exclude the driver of the loader "Case" 6 razr. - one.

4. Daily preventive maintenance is carried out at night by a special repair team.

VI. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

VII. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

A. Main materials

The table shows the consumption of materials calculated according to the recipe for cement concrete mixture for the lower layer of the airfield pavement.

The consumption of materials should be determined in each case according to the prescription for the mixture issued by the laboratory.

B. Machinery, equipment, tools, inventory

Mixing plant "Rex" model "C" .............................. 1

Remote Control................................................ ........................... one

Service hoppers with conveyors............................................... 3

Case forklifts .............................................................. ................. 3

Bulldozer D-271.............................................. ................................ one

Cement warehouse with compressors .............................................................. ..... one

Cement trucks С-570....................................................... .................. by calculation

Additive preparation plant .......................................................... 1

Containers for additives ............................................................... ....................... 2

Appendix

Calibration of dispensers

During the operation of the dispensers, the accuracy of weighing materials is violated.

To restore the normal operation of the dosing equipment, it is checked monthly to establish the stability of the scales, sensitivity, constancy of readings and weighing accuracy.

Under the stability of the scales is understood the ability to return from disequilibrium after several oscillations to its original position.

The sensitivity of the scales is determined by the mass of the smallest load capable of deflecting the arrow of the dial indicator by an amount corresponding to the price of the smallest division of the dial scale.

The constancy of the readings of the scales - the repetition of the same readings with repeated weighing of the same load.

When calibrating the scales, the main load is obtained using exemplary weights (20 kg). You must also have a set of small exemplary weights.

Before checking the dispenser, it is necessary to tare the balance, i.e. ensure that the unloaded balance meets the following requirements:

a) the arrow of the dial pointing device must point to "0";

b) the main tare arm of the weighing cabinet must be in a state of equilibrium, i.e. take a horizontal position when the scale rocker arms are off;

c) each of the scale rockers, when the weights are at zero divisions, must also be in a state of equilibrium, i.e. take a horizontal position.

After reconciling the dosage containers and testing the scales in an unloaded state, they are checked with a test load.

Exemplary weights are placed on special platforms-shelves, which are located on the filler dispenser.

The exemplary weights are installed with the cage closed, the movable weight of the scale is put at risk corresponding to the weight of the exemplary weight, the cage opens smoothly and the rocker, after several smooth oscillations, should come into horizontal equilibrium, and the discrepancy between the arrow of the dial indicator and the corresponding stroke of the scale should not exceed one division.

Checking the correctness of the readings of the dial indicator along the entire scale is carried out with a gradually increasing load. After reaching the maximum load, a second check of the dosage dial is performed with a gradually decreasing load.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

PREPARATION OF CONCRETE MIXTURE ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive regulatory document that establishes, according to a specific technology, the organization of work processes for the construction of a structure using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work. They are designed for some average working conditions. The TTC is intended for use in the development of Projects for the production of works (PPR), other organizational and technological documentation, as well as for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work on the preparation of a concrete mixture at a mixing plant for the preparation of cement concrete mixtures in a construction site. sites.

1.2. V real map instructions are given for the preparation of concrete mix by rational means of mechanization, data on quality control and acceptance of work, requirements for industrial safety and labor protection in the production of work are given.

1.3. Regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production norms for the consumption of materials, local progressive norms and prices, norms for labor costs, norms for the consumption of material and technical resources.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of concrete mix preparation in order to ensure its high quality, as well as:

Reducing the cost of work;

Reducing the duration of construction;

Ensuring the safety of work performed;

Organization of rhythmic work;

Unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTC, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Execution Project), Working Flow Charts (RTC) are developed for the performance of certain types of work on the preparation of concrete mix. Working technological maps are developed on the basis of standard maps for the specific conditions of a given construction organization, taking into account its design materials, natural conditions, the available fleet of machines and building materials, tied to local conditions. Working technological maps regulate the means of technological support and the rules for the implementation of technological processes in the production of work. Technological features, depending on the brand of the prepared mixture, are decided in each case by the Working draft. The composition and level of detail of materials developed in the RTC are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and scope of work performed. In all cases of application of the TTK, it is necessary to bind it to local conditions, depending on the composition, grade and quantity of the produced concrete mixture.

Working technological maps are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction Organization, in agreement with the Customer's organization, the Customer's Technical Supervision.

1.6. The technological map is intended for foremen, foremen and foremen who perform work on the preparation of concrete mix, as well as employees of the technical supervision of the Customer and is designed for specific conditions of work in the III temperature zone.

^ II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on the preparation of concrete mix.

2.2. Works on the preparation of concrete mix are carried out in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:

where 0.828 is the coefficient of use of mechanisms by time during the shift (the time associated with preparing for work and conducting ETO - 15 minutes, breaks associated with the organization and technology of the production process and rest of the driver - 10 minutes every hour of work).

2.3. The technological map provides for the performance of work by an integrated link with mobile concrete mixing plant BSU-30TZ, overall dimensions of the unit 42500x5850x8400 m, with a capacity of 30 m3/hour equipped with concrete mixer SB-138, bunkers of inert materials m, the capacity of the supply silo of cement - 60 tons, the total power consumption of electricity is 75 kW (see Fig. 1).

Fig.1. Concrete mixing plant BSU-30TZ

2.4. The concrete mixing plant is equipped with an automated control system based on an industrial computer, which provides:

Automated control of all technological processes of production;

Multi-recipe technology for the preparation of mixtures (up to 50 recipes);

Accounting for the consumption of materials and the output of concrete by grade;

Accounting for the execution of applications with the preservation of information about the Customer, the time of entry and execution of the application, the recipe number and the volume of the mixture;

Output of accounting information to the display and printer.

2.5. Work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SP 48.13330.2011. Organization of construction;

SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures;

GOST 27006-86. Concrete. Rules for the selection of composition;

GOST 30515-97. cements. General technical conditions;

GOST 8736-93. Sand for construction work;

GOST 8267-93. Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work;

SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

^ III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. The automated concrete mixing plant (BSU) with the SB-138 plant is designed for the preparation of rigid and plastic concrete mixtures with aggregates up to 40 mm. Installation capacity up to 30 m/h; capacities of supply hoppers for cement, aggregates, water tank are designed for half an hour of operation at maximum productivity and the highest water-cement ratio of 0.5. The mobile concrete mixing plant consists of mixing and dosing departments, aggregate warehouse and cement warehouse (see fig. 2). The installation is controlled from the driver's cab, and the electrical equipment is located in a special room. The driver's cab is equipped with instruments that record the progress of the technological process.

Fig.2. Diagram of a concrete mixing plant

1 - consumable bunker fillers; 2 - conveyor-dispenser; 3 - reloading conveyor; 4 - concrete mixer; 5 - concrete mixer frame; 6 - cement dispenser; 7 - dispenser of chemical additives; 8 - water dispenser; 9 - chemical additives unit (at the request of the customer); 10 - consumable cement silo with a filter; 11 - screw conveyor

3.2. The consumable storage of sand and fractional crushed stone of an open type with dividing walls is located directly next to the concrete mixing plant. Sand and fractional crushed stone are delivered to the consumable warehouse in railway cars. In the case of delivery of non-fractional or contaminated crushed stone, sorting of the material into fractions (screening) and washing of the material are also organized here. Sand and crushed stone are fed into the feeders of the batching department and unloaded front loader TO-49 directly over the funnels of the vibrating trays of the gallery conveyor. The SBU dosing unit consists of service hoppers-fillers with pendulum dispensers of continuous action С-633. The dispensers are installed above the horizontal conveyor, which supplies materials to the inclined conveyor. On the inclined conveyor they fall into the loading tray of the mixing department.

3.3. Consumable automated warehouse of cement S-753 with a capacity of 300 tons is designed for short-term storage of cement. Cement from railway wagons is unloaded directly into the cement warehouse using pneumatic unloader С-577 or cement trucks.

The silo tower with a capacity of 60 tons is equipped with two cement level indicators of the UKM type. The cement supply hopper is a cylinder with a conical part at the bottom. Cement is fed directly into dispenser S-781 with drum feeder. Inside the bunker are two cement level indicator С-609А included in the warehouse management scheme. Turning on or off the mechanism that supplies cement from the warehouse is done using the same indicators.

3.4. ^ Concrete mixing plant SB-138 continuous action forced mixing is the main equipment of the concrete batching plant. The working body of the mixer is two shafts of square section 80x80 mm with blades mounted on them. The blades end with blades measuring 100x100 mm. The body of the agitator ends with a storage hopper with a jaw gate.

^ Concrete mixing plant SB-138 is connected to the warehouses of cement aggregates and the dosing unit by a system of belt and bucket feeders.

3.5. Depending on the changeable needs of the cement concrete mixture, the plant can be adjusted to any capacity ranging from 15 to 30 m/h by changing the capacity of its dispensers: cement from 5 to 10 t/h, sand and crushed stone from 12.5 to 25 t/h and water up to 6 m.

So, for example, at the consumption of materials per 1 m3 of concrete specified by the laboratory of the plant (cement - 340 kg, sand - 547 kg, crushed stone of a fraction of 5-20 mm - 560 kg, crushed stone of a fraction of 20-40 mm - 840 kg, water - 170 kg) plant productivity will be:
Table 1


Dispenser for	Productivity of batchers, t/h at plant productivity, m/h
	15	20	25	30
cement		6,8	8,5	10,2
sand		10,9	13,7	16,4
Crushed stone fraction 5-20 mm		11,2	14,0	16,8
Crushed stone fraction 20-40 mm		16,8	21,0	25,2
Water		3,4	4,3	5,1

3.6. Prior to the start of the work of the cement concrete plant with the SB-138 installation, all equipment is inspected and, if necessary, the batchers of aggregates, cement and water are calibrated. Calibration of dispensers is carried out with a change in the productivity of the plant, the brand and composition of the concrete mixture, the volumetric weight and particle size distribution of aggregates. With a certain plant productivity and, accordingly, the composition and brand of the mixture, it is also necessary to periodically calibrate the dispensers.

3.7. Aggregate dispensers are calibrated by sampling. For this you need:

Fill service bins with sand, small and large gravel in an amount of at least 5 m3 of each material;

Set the level dispensers to a horizontal position (with material) by moving the load lever or changing the load in the ballast box (near the variator). In this case, the movable dampers should be set to a height of 100 mm for crushed stone, and 80 mm for sand. The fixed dampers are installed 10 mm higher than the movable dampers. Checking the absence of jamming or jamming in the weighing system of the dispensers is carried out by lightly pressing on the edge of the weighing platform or by placing a weight of 0.5 kg. In this case, the platform should be lowered to the stop;

Prepare for calibration commodity scales with a carrying capacity of at least 0.5, a box with a capacity of 200 m3 and a stopwatch.

3.7.1. For sampling, it is necessary to turn on the horizontal collection conveyor for movement in the opposite direction by switching the direction of the electric motor (reverse). When testing one dispenser, the rest must be turned off. The horizontal collecting conveyor shall be switched on during the test period. At the command of a laboratory assistant holding a stopwatch, the operator turns on the dispenser. Sand or gravel is scattered on a metal sheet for 4-5 seconds until a stable flow of loose material is obtained. After that, the stopwatch is turned on and the box is placed under the flow of the dosed material.

3.7.2. The box is loaded within 60 seconds for 1, 2, 3 positions of the variator arrow, and within 30 seconds - for 4 and 5 positions of the arrow. After the sampling time has elapsed, at the signal of the laboratory assistant, the collection conveyor and the dispenser are turned off. The sample taken is weighed on a scale. Three weighings are made for one position of the variator.

3.7.3. The hourly productivity of the dispenser is determined by the arithmetic mean of the weight of three samples according to the formula:

where is the arithmetic mean of the weight of three samples in kg without tare;

Sampling time in sec.

3.7.4. If the weight of the samples does not exceed ±2% of the calculated value, it is considered that at this position of the variator pointer, the dispenser works stably. Similarly, the calibration of other batchers of aggregates is performed.

3.8. To calibrate the cement dispenser, you must:

Loosen the bolts securing the cement hopper pipe and turn the pipe by 90°;

Make sure the cement supply hopper is completely filled with cement. Check the level of cement in the supply hopper using the level indicators on the control panel of the mixing plant;

Prepare for tareing commodity scales with a carrying capacity of at least 0.5, two boxes with a capacity of 200 liters, a stopwatch, a shovel, a tin pipe with a diameter of 130-150 mm, a length of 3-3.5 m.

3.8.1. Sampling is carried out for each of all five positions of the variator arrow. To do this, a box is installed under the nozzle, at the command of the laboratory assistant, the driver turns on the cement dispenser. Cement from the dispenser enters the pipe, and from it into the box until a stable mode of cement supply and a normal number of revolutions of the electric motor are established by eye. The time required to obtain a stable flow of material is typically 50-60 seconds. After this time, the stopwatch is simultaneously turned on and the pipe is transferred to the loading of the box.

3.8.2. The box is loaded within 90 seconds for 1, 2, 3 positions of the variator arrow, and within 60 seconds - for 4, 5 positions of the arrow. After the specified time has elapsed, the sample taken is weighed on the balance. Three samplings are made for each position of the variator needle. Cement dosing accuracy ±2% of the calculated weight.

3.8.3. To control the correct calibration, the operation of the dispenser is checked at the selected capacity and with continuous operation of the dispenser for - 10 minutes by taking three samples in a box, especially paying attention to the operation of all mechanisms and the uninterrupted flow of material into the dispenser.

3.9. To calibrate the water dispenser, you must:

Turn the drain pipe through which water enters the mixer by 180° on the flange and extend it with an additional pipe up to 4 m long;

Turn off all equipment not related to water dosing.

3.9.1. The dispenser is calibrated by sampling, for which it is necessary to turn on the dosing pump with the drain pipe blocked. At the same time, water along the ring from the tank through the dosing pump and three-way valve goes back to the tank. At the command of a laboratory assistant holding a stopwatch, the operator switches the three-way valve to the position of supplying water to the mixer, and water is supplied to the barrel until a stable continuous flow of water is established.

3.9.2. After that, the stopwatch is simultaneously turned on and the three-way valve is instantly switched to supply water to the water meter tank. The container is filled within 60 seconds for positions 1, 2 and 3 of the variator arrow, and within 30 seconds for positions 4 and 5 of the arrow. After the specified time has elapsed, at the command of the laboratory assistant, the three-way valve is switched to drain and the stopwatch is turned off. The operator switches the three-way valve to the position for supplying water through the ring. The sample taken is measured.

3.9.3. To maintain the main quality indicator of the concrete mixture (water-cement ratio), it is necessary to calibrate the water dispenser with an accuracy of ±1%.

3.10. After calibrating all batchers of the installation, a graph of the productivity of a concrete plant is built depending on the position of the arrow of the variator of each batcher (Fig. 3).

Fig.3. The graph of the dependence of the productivity of the dispensers on the positions of the arrow of the variators:

1 - water; 2 - crushed stone fraction 5-20 mm; 3 - crushed stone fraction 20-40 mm; 4 - sand; 5 - cement

3.11. This graph is valid when the plant is running on permanent materials that make up the concrete mix. To change the productivity of the dispensers, it is necessary to change the gear ratio by the variator. To do this, set the arrows of the variator (only on the go) to the appropriate division along the approximate curve and, by subsequent calibration, make the necessary correction to their position.

3.12. Prior to the release of the cement concrete mixture, the following operations are performed:

Check the presence of cement, aggregates, water and additives in supply tanks;

Turn on the power supply;

Check the correct operation of the dispensers;

Give the machine operator the composition of the cement concrete mixture, selected by the laboratory in accordance with the moisture content of the materials;

Install weighing devices dispensers in accordance with the composition of the mixture.

3.12.1. Before turning on the units of the installation, the driver gives two warning sound signals with an interval of 1 minute (the first signal is long, the second is short).

3.12.2. After that, the units of the installation are put into operation in the following order: concrete mixer, dosing pump (according to the ring scheme), inclined conveyor, prefabricated conveyor, aggregate dispensers, cement dispenser, three-way valve with water supply to the mixer. After 1-2 minutes after the start of idle work, they begin to release the mixture.

3.12.3. First, test batches are made in semi-automatic mode. At this point, the driver and laboratory assistant determine the mobility of the mixture (cone draft) by sampling. If the draft of the cone differs from the specified one, then the dosage of water is changed. Having achieved the specified draft of the cone and making sure that the dosage of the constituent materials is correct, the driver switches the plant to automatic mode of operation.

3.13. The plant operates according to the following scheme, given in Fig. 4

Fig.4. Technological scheme of the concrete mixing plant BSU-30TZ

1 - vibration feeders; 2 - conveyors; 3 - aggregate bunkers; 4 - batchers of aggregates; 5 - cement dispenser; 6 - cement bunker; 7 - belt conveyor; 8 - mixer; 9 - drive for concrete; 10 - water tank; 11 - water dispenser; 12 - three-way valve; 13 - receiving hopper; 14 - silo bank; 15 - filters

3.13.1. The bulldozer alternately pushes the aggregates onto the vibrating trays 1, from where the conveyors 2 feed them into the supply bins 3. In the absence of aggregates, sand and crushed stone are fed by a front loader into the supply bins. When the bunkers are fully loaded, the upper level indicator is triggered, and the vibrating tray and conveyors are turned off after the material remaining on the belt has passed, and the light signal for the end of loading is turned on. When the material is depleted in the supply hopper to the lower level indicator, the conveyor, vibrating tray, light and sound signals for the start of loading are switched on.

3.13.2. Cement from the silo can 15 is fed into the feed bin 6 by a pneumatic injection system. From the supply hopper, the cement enters the weighing pendulum batcher 5. The indicators of the upper and lower levels of cement have light and sound signals to the cement warehouse control panel.

3.13.3. Water in the tank 10 of the mixing compartment is pumped from a special tank. Crushed stone of fraction 5-20, 20-40 mm and sand are continuously dosed by belt pendulum dispensers 4, to which the material comes from supply bins.

First, crushed stone of a fraction of 20-40 mm is dosed onto the tape, then crushed stone of a fraction of 5-20 mm and sand, and on top of these materials - cement. This feed order eliminates the build-up of small particles of material on the belt. Dosed materials are fed through the feed funnel into the mixer. Water from the tank is dosed by means of a dosing pump and fed through the pipeline directly into the working mixer.

3.13.4. Sulfite-alcohol bard is prepared in a special installation and introduced into the water in the amount of 0.2-0.3% of the cement weight per 1 m of concrete (0.68-1.0 kg/m). In the mixer, the concrete components are intensively mixed and transported by paddle shafts to the outlet. From the mixer, the finished mixture enters the storage hopper, and then through the jaw gate it is unloaded into dump trucks.

3.14. At the end of the day, after the end of the release of the concrete mix, the entire team starts cleaning the units of the concrete mixing plant. Especially thoroughly clean the mixer.

Crushed stone is first fed into the mixer and it is dry cleaned, then the mixer is washed with water, and the jaw gate of the storage hopper is also cleaned.

The rest of the plant is cleaned with compressed air.

ROUTING

PREPARATION OF CEMENT CONCRETE MIXTURE

IN CONTINUOUS OPERATION MIXING UNIT SB-78

The technological map was developed by the department for the implementation of best practices and technical regulation in construction highways and airfields (performed by T.P. Bagirova) based on the materials of the Rostov Scientific Research Institute of the Institute "Orgtransstroy".

I. SCOPE

The technological map was developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor and is intended for use in the development of a project for the production of work and organization of labor at mixing plants for the preparation of cement concrete mixtures.

The following basic conditions are accepted in the map.

An automated plant with a mixing plant SB-78 operates in the general complex of machines and mechanisms for the installation of cement-concrete pavements for highways.

The consumable storage of sand and graded crushed stone of an open type with dividing walls is located next to the mixing plants. A stock of materials must be created in the warehouse, sufficient for the operation of the installations for 10 days. Sand and fractionated crushed stone are delivered to the supply warehouse in railway cars or by road. In the case of delivery of unfractionated or contaminated crushed stone, washing and sorting of the material into fractions should be organized. Sand and crushed stone are fed into the feeders of the batching department by bucket loaders of the TO-18 or "Case" type.

The mixing plant is supplied with cement from a consumable warehouse with a capacity of 300 tons.

Cement is delivered to the consumable warehouse by cement trucks.

The site of the plant has a hard surface, drainage is provided. The territory of the plant is fenced with a temporary fence. The plant is supplied with water and electricity.

A hard-surfaced access road has been laid to the mixing plant. The movement of cars is organized according to the ring scheme without oncoming traffic.

A column of dump trucks with the estimated number of vehicles is fixed for the export of the cement concrete mixture.

The number of vehicles is adjusted depending on the distance of transportation of the mixture and road conditions.

The technological map provides for a plant capacity of 320 m3 per shift.

When changing the conditions accepted in the technological map, it is necessary to link it to the new conditions.

II. MANUFACTURING PROCESS INSTRUCTIONS

The automated cement concrete plant (CBZ) with the SB-78 plant is designed for the preparation of rigid and plastic concrete mixtures with aggregate fractions up to 40 mm.

Technical specifications

Productivity, m3/h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Number of aggregate fractions:

sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .one

rubble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

The largest size of the filler, mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Service bin capacity, m3:

placeholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

cement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Installed power, kW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8

Overall dimensions, mm :

length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36800

width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2600

height. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12520

Weight, t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

The installation consists of the following main blocks (see figure):

continuous concrete mixer, the working body of which are square-section shafts, with cast blades made of steel 35GL mounted on them. The working surfaces of the blades are located at an angle of 45° relative to the axis of the shaft;

supply hopper of cement, which is a cylindrical-conical container and designed to receive cement and supply cement to the dispenser. The bunker is equipped with a filter for cleaning the exhaust air before it is released into the atmosphere and automatic indicators of the lower and upper levels;

dosing unit, consisting of four supply bins for crushed stone and sand with dispensers. A B-21 vibrator is fixed on the inclined wall of the sand bin. The batchers are mounted above the horizontal collection conveyor, which transports the materials to the inclined conveyor and then to the concrete mixer.

Technological scheme of work of the pulp and paper mill with mixer SB-78:

1 - feeders; 2 - conveyors; 3 - two-arm estrus;

4 - bunker aggregates; 5 - batchers of aggregates;

6 - prefabricated conveyor; 7 - inclined conveyor;

8 - cement bunker; 9 - filter; 10 - cement dispenser;

11 - upper estrus; 12 - lower heat;

13 - truck mixer; 14 - calibration dispenser;

15 - storage bin; 16 - mixer;

17 - a sleeve for draining water into a concrete mixer truck;

18 - three-way valve; 19 - water tank;

20 - water dispenser

The mixing plant is equipped with batchers for cement, water and additives.

The installation is controlled from the driver's cab, and the electrical equipment is located in a special room. The driver's cab is equipped with instruments that record the progress of the technological process.

Preparing the mixing plant for operation

Prior to the release of the cement concrete mixture, the following operations are performed:

check the presence of cement, aggregates, water and additives in supply tanks;

turn on the power supply;

check the correct operation of the dispensers;

give the machine operator the composition of the cement concrete mixture, selected by the laboratory in accordance with the moisture content of the materials;

install weighing devices dispensers in accordance with the composition of the mixture.

Before turning on the units of the installation, the driver gives two warning sound signals with an interval of 1 minute (the first signal is long, the second is short).

After that, the units of the installation are put into operation in the following order:

concrete mixer, dosing pump (according to the ring scheme), inclined conveyor, prefabricated conveyor, aggregate dispensers, cement dispenser, three-way valve with water supply to the mixer.

After 1 - 2 minutes after the start of idle work, they begin to release the mixture.

First, test batches are made in semi-automatic mode.

At this point, the driver and laboratory assistant determine the mobility of the mixture (cone draft) by sampling. If the draft of the cone differs from the specified one, then the dosage of water is changed.

Having achieved the specified draft of the cone and making sure that the dosage of the constituent materials is correct, the driver switches the plant to automatic mode of operation.

Preparing the mixture

The plant works according to the following scheme.

Crushed stone of two fractions and sand are fed by single-bucket loaders from stacks placed in an open area into supply bins.

Crushed stone and sand are continuously dosed by S-864 belt pendulum dispensers, to which the material is supplied from feed bins. The materials are then transferred to a collection conveyor. First, crushed stone of a fraction of 20 - 40 mm enters the tape, and then crushed stone of a fraction of 5 - 20 mm and sand. This order of dosing and feeding eliminates the sticking of small particles of material on the conveyor belt. From the collecting conveyor, the materials go to the inclined conveyor. From the inclined conveyor, the dosed materials are fed through the hopper into the mixer.

Cement from the supply hopper through the weight batcher of cement SB-71 enters directly into the mixer.

Water is dosed by a dosing pump and fed through a pipeline directly into the mixer.

When preparing a concrete mixture, surface-active additives are introduced that increase the frost resistance of concrete and the workability of the concrete mixture, as well as reduce the water demand of the mixture and the consumption of cement. Additives are prepared in a special installation. The calculation is based on dry matter. To prepare 1 m3 of the mixture, a plasticizing additive is introduced into the water - sulfite-yeast mash (SDB) in the amount of 0.2 - 0.25% and sodium abietate (neutralized air-entraining resin - START) in the amount of 0.02 - 0.03% of the cement weight and together with water served in the mixer.

In the mixer, the concrete components are intensively mixed and transported by paddle shafts to the outlet. From the mixer, the finished mixture first enters the storage hopper, and then through the jaw gate is unloaded into dump trucks.

At the end of the day, after the end of the release of the concrete mix, the entire team starts cleaning the units of the concrete mixing plant. Especially thoroughly clean the mixer.

Crushed stone is first fed into the mixer and it is dry cleaned, then the mixer is washed with water, and the jaw gate of the storage hopper is also cleaned.

The rest of the plant is cleaned with compressed air.

During the shift and at the end of work, access roads and the plant area are periodically sprinkled with water to reduce dust. A bulldozer removes the remains of the spilled cement concrete mixture from under the mixers.

quality requirements

The components of the concrete mixture immediately after entering the concrete plant are subject to control by the laboratory of the Central Biomedical Plant and the Central Laboratory of Construction Management. The quality of materials is checked by external inspection and by sampling and testing.

Every day, at the beginning of the first shift, a representative of the CBZ laboratory checks the correct operation of the dispensers. The weighing device is installed in accordance with the composition of the concrete mixture approved by the chief engineer of the CS and taking into account the moisture content of the aggregates.

Only laboratory employees are allowed to open weighing cabinets and dosing devices.

The prepared cement concrete mixture must have a well-chosen granulometric composition, have the necessary mobility or rigidity during compaction.

The mixture must meet the requirements of GOST 8424-72 "Road concrete".

The quality of the cement concrete mixture obtained in the SB-78 mixing plant primarily depends on the continuity of its operation, since at each stop the calculated ratio of the components of the concrete mixture, especially cement and water, changes.

With the same composition of the mixture and the correct dosing, the mobility, workability, bulk density and yield of concrete should be constant.

When the cement concrete mixture is released, the mobility of the mixture (cone slump) is controlled at least 5 times per shift (once per hour and each time with a sharp change in the slump of the cone), and the volumetric weight, the actual composition of concrete, the quality of additives, the content of dust and clay impurities in crushed stone and sand - once per shift.

Safety instructions

Persons who have reached the age of 18, have completed a training course, have the right to operate the mixing plant and its units and are familiar with the safety regulations are allowed to work on the mixing plant.

All personnel servicing the installation must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment.

Before starting the plant, it is necessary to test the operation of the units at idle.

The plant must be equipped with reliable audible alarms.

Open current-carrying parts of shields, contact parts of plug connections, switches and knife switches of electrical machines must be protected by covers or casings.

During the operation of the plant, it is forbidden to make minor repairs. Cleaning of the concrete mixer, lubrication and repair of plant components should be carried out only after the plant has stopped.

In the event of a sudden stop of one of the operating units of the technological complex, the remaining units of the plant should be immediately turned off, first towards the material loading point, and then to the cement concrete mixture unloading unit.

Before stopping the concrete mixer, it is necessary to stop feeding materials into it. At the beginning of the working day or after shutdowns of the plant due to malfunctions, the mixer operator must turn on individual units of the plant only at the direction of the mechanic on duty.

When preparing a cement concrete mixture, one should be guided by the following regulatory documents and literature:

SNiP I-B.2-62 "Binding inorganic materials and additives for concretes and mortars". Gosstroyizdat, M., 1963

SNiP I-B.1-62 "Aggregates for concrete and mortars". Gosstroyizdat, M., 1963

"Instructions for the installation of cement-concrete pavements of highways". VSN 139-68 / Ministry of Transport, "Transport", M., 1968

"Safety regulations for the construction, repair and maintenance of highways". "Transport", M., 1969.

III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK

Works on the preparation of cement-concrete mixture are carried out in two shifts.

In each shift, the mixing plant must be serviced by a team of 6 people, including: a mixer driver of 6 grades. - one; driver's assistant (construction locksmith) 4 times. - one; shovel loader operator TO-18 5 razr. - one; compressor driver 4 years - one; batcher of components 3 bits. - one; electrician 5 years - 1. Bulldozer driver 5th category. and auxiliary worker 2 sec. are not included in the unit and are paid separately.

The mixer driver controls the unit during operation, gives warning sound signals before turning on the units, turns on the units of the unit.

The assistant driver (construction mechanic) monitors the availability of materials in supply bins, lubricates the units, checks the condition of the hoses, monitors the serviceability of the units and units of the installation.

The driver of the TO-18 loader prepares the machine for work, ensures uninterrupted supply of materials to the conveyor feeders, and provides maintenance of the loader.

The compressor driver ensures uninterrupted supply of cement to the cement supply hopper.

The electrician monitors the technical condition of power electrical equipment and eliminates all malfunctions.

The component dispenser checks for the presence of aggregates in the supply bins and dispenses additives according to the recipe.

Workers not included in the brigade perform the following work:

During the shift, the bulldozer driver pushes crushed stone and sand to the loader working platform, monitors the condition of the access roads to the plant, and at the end of the shift removes the remnants of the spilled mixture under the mixer.

An auxiliary worker regulates the approach of dump trucks for loading, keeps records of the prepared mixture and draws up invoices.

IV. PRODUCTION PROCESS SCHEDULE

(preparation of cement concrete mixture at the SB-78 plant,

shift capacity 320 m3)

┌────────────────┬──────┬─────┬───────┬────────────────┬───────────────────────────────┐

│Name│Unit- │Volume│Labor- │Composition of the link│Production time│

│operations│unit│works│capacity│(teams)│process│

││ism e- │for 2 │for the whole│├───────────────────────────────────────────────────

││rhenium │shifts│volume││I shift│II shift│

││││works

││││people .- h ││1│2│3│4│5│6│7│8│1│2│3│4│5│6│7│8│

├────────────────┼──────┼─────┼───────┼────────────────┼─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┤

│preparatory│││2.0│Machinist││

│work││││mixer││

├────────────────┼──────┼─────┼────────┤ 6 bits - 1││

│Cooking│100 m3│ 6.4 │90│Assistant││

│cement concrete││││driver││

│and concrete mix││││(locksmith││

│(material supply - ││││construction)││

│catch in consumables ││││ 4 cut. - 1││

│bunker,││││Machinist││

│continuous ││││loader TO-18││

│dosing││││ 5 times. - 1││

│materials,││││Machinist││

│material supply ││││compressor│Figure│

│rials and water││││ 4 bits. - 1││

│to the mixer,││││Dosing machine││

│mixing and ││││components││

│Release finished ││││ 3 bit. - 1││

│mixes)││││Electrician││

├────────────────┼──────┼─────┼────────┤ 5 res. - 1││

│Stop│-│-│1.0│││

│mixing││││││

│settings for ││││││

│shift handover││││││

├────────────────┼──────┼─────┼───────┤││

│Final│-│-│3.0│││

│work (cleaning ││││││

│and washing││││││

│mixer,││││││

│reduction││││││

│in order││││││

│access││││││

│ways)││││││

└────────────────┴──────┴─────┴───────┴────────────────┴───────────────────────────────┘

Total for 640 m396

Total for 100 m315

Notes. 1. Numbers above the line - duration of operations in minutes.

2. The labor intensity includes time for rest during the shift in the amount of 8% of the work time.

3. Daily preventive maintenance is carried out at night by a special repair team.

V. CALCULATION OF LABOR FOR COOKING

OF CEMENT CONCRETE MIX IN THE MIXER SB-78

(replaceable capacity 320 m3)

────────┬─────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────┬─────┬─────┬─────────┬───────┬─────────

Code│Description of work│ Composition of the link

norms││(teams)│nit│work│time- │rub-kop.│active│costs

│││ism e- ││me ││time│labor

│││rhenium ││││total│total

│││││││volume│volume

│││││││works, │works,

│││││││person-h │rub-kop.

────────┼─────────────────────┼──────────────┼──────┼─────┼─────┼─────────┼───────┼─────────

Local │Checking units SB-78 │Machinist│100 m3│ 6.4 │15.6 │10-62│ 99.84 │67-97

norm│before starting work. │with kneading││││││

SU-921│Batcher│installation││││││

trust│cement and verification│ 6 resp. - 1││││││

"Dondo p- │work of all│Assistant││││││

build"│dispensers. Check│driver││││││

│work nodes│(locksmith││││││

│idle. Check│construction) ││││││

│ quality produced │ 4 bit. - 1││││││

│concrete and│Machinist││││││

│feed correction │frontal ││││││

water and cement. │n loader││││││

│Cooking and│"Case"││││││

│ release of commodity │ 6 bit. - 1 ││││││

│concrete in │Locksmith││││││

│automatic │by filing││││││

│mode. Bringing in │cement││││││

│ order of jobs │ 4 sec. - 1││││││

│and mixing│Road││││││

│installation at the end│working on ││││││

│shifts. Maintenance│service││││││

│installation, monitoring│dispensers││││││

│for technical│inert││││││

│state of power │materials││││││

│equipment│ 3 bit. - 1││││││

││Electrician│││ │││

││ 5 bits - 1││││││

────────┴─────────────────────┼──────────────┼──────┼─────┼─────┼─────────┼───────┼─────────

Total: for 640 m3││││││ 99.84 │67-97

per 100 m3││││││ 15.6│10-62

VI. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

──────────────────────────┬──────────┬────────┬─────────┬──────────────────

Name of indicators │ Unit │ By cal-│ By │N and how much%

│measurements │culations │graph B │indicator for

││A││more graphics (+)

││││ or less (-),

││││than by calculation

││││B - A

││││(----- x 100%)

││││A

──────────────────────────┼──────────┼────────┼─────────┼──────────────────

Labor intensity of work│people - h│15.6│15│-3.8

per 100 m3 mixture││││

The average category of workers│-│4.5│4.5│-

Average daily salary │ rub.- kop. │5-48│5-66│+3.2

pay per worker││││

Utilization factor│K in│0.86│0.86│-

time settings││││

Output of one worker│m3│52│53│+1.9

VII. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

A. Main materials

The consumption of materials is determined according to the recipe of the cement concrete mix. This table shows the average consumption of materials.

────────────────────────────┬────────────┬────────────┬────────────────────

Name of materials│GOST│Unit│Amount of mixture

││ measurement├──────────┬───────────

│││per 100 m3│ per shift

││││320 m3

────────────────────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼─────────┼──────────

Cement M-400│10178-62│t│38│121.6

Sand│8736-67│m3│40│128

Crushed stone fraction 5 - 20 mm│8267-64│m3│33.8│108.2

Crushed stone fraction 20 - 40 mm│8267-64│m3│33.8│108.2

Water│2874-54│t│14│44.8

Additive SDB│-│kg│76│243.2

Additive START│-│kg │7.6│24.3

B. Machinery, equipment, tools, inventory

Mixing plant SB-78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one

Front loader TO-18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one

Bulldozer D-271. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one

ZIF-VKS-5 compressor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one

Installation for the preparation of additives. . . . . . . . . . . . . one

Water tank 50 m3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one

Technological map Technological map for concreting structures. Reinforcing, formwork and concrete works ﻿. Technological process of preparation of concrete mixtures Technology of preparation of concrete mixture

Work description

Brief instruction:

1. General Provisions

2. Requirements for concrete and concrete mix

3. Technological tooling and equipment

4. Preparatory, formwork and reinforcing work

5. Concreting

6. Curing of concrete

7. Quality control of work

8. Labor protection in the course of work

9. Environmental protection

Bibliography

Annex 1

VET

General instructions

I. SCOPE

II. MANUFACTURING PROCESS INSTRUCTIONS

III. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF WORK

IV. CYCLOGRAM OF OPERATION OF THE MIXING UNIT "REX"

V. SCHEDULE OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF PREPARING THE CEMENT CONCRETE MIXTURE

(replaceable capacity 1280 m 3 with a mixing time of 60 seconds)

VI. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

VII. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Appendix

Calibration of dispensers

Technological map Technological map for concreting structures. Reinforcing, formwork and concrete works . Technological process of preparation of concrete mixtures Technology of preparation of concrete mixture