If the cortisol is increased. Prolactin and cortisol - stress hormones. How to downgrade cortisol and prolactin - treatment

Of particular interest in the problem of stress resistance and the appearance of stress is due to what is happening in lately The expansion of the sphere of activity of the modern man, often flowing in fairly extreme conditions and accompanied by a constant increase in mental and mental loads and a decrease in the share of physical labor.

Created by scientific and technical progress and civilization of hypokinesia (restriction of motor activity) and hypodynamine (reduction of power loads) not only adversely affect the respiratory system, blood circulation, the musculoskeletal system, the metabolism, but also, they will certainly lead to a decrease in the body's reactivity and as a result - Development of stress.

General the concept of stress is indicating A strong adverse and adverse effect on the body, as well as the psychological and physiological response of a person of various kind on the action of the aggressor (stressor).

In morphological and functionality stress is accompanied Common adaptation syndrome with certain stages:

• anxiety reaction - the overall resistance of the body decreases ("shock"), after which protective mechanisms are included;
• the resistance stage (resistance) - on the basis of the voltage of the functioning of all systems, the maximum adaptation of the body is achieved to new conditions;
• the period of exhaustion is manifested by the inconsistency of protective mechanisms, as a result of which a violation of the interaction and consistency of life functions is increasing.

One of the criteria of gravity of stress is the degree of severity of signs (symptoms) of this state, namely:

• physiological manifestations - migraine (headaches), periodic increase in blood pressure, chest pain, heart, lower back, redness of skin, atopic dermatitis, eczema, other skin diseases, development of stomach ulcers;
• psychological reactions - loss of appetite, irritability, reduced interest in what is happening, the inability to focus, increased excitability, waiting for pain or possible trouble, depression.

Stressful condition may be caused Separate factors associated with events in personal life, work, emergencies. In this case, the body reacts with the same biochemical changes aimed at repayment of the voltage.

The main systems that implement stressful restructuring of the body are pituitary-hypothalamic-adrenal and sympatheadary systems under the control of higher brain and hypothalamus systems, the intensive functioning of which is accompanied by the release of various hormonal substances, called hormones stress. They, mobilizing the physical resources of the body, help him cope with the emergence of an overlap, which led to stress.

Main stress hormones and their features

In the period of stress in the body changes the level of activity of its functional systems - cardiovascular, immune, urinary, digestive, etc. Therefore, the main role in maintaining this new status is the hormones of stress. At the same time, adrenal glands protrudes the most active iron of the internal secretion.

The bark of adrenal glands highlights into the blood four basic groups of stress steroid hormones:

• glucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisol) - The hormone cortisol is produced in emergency or stressful situations, with a lack of nutrition and strong physical exertion. After the release, the cortisol exhibits a long effect, but its constantly increased level can lead to a violation of memory and the development of depression. The maximum content in blood serum cortisol reaches in the morning and lower - at night. IN large quantities Cortisol is produced in chronic overvoltage, which can cause cravings to sweet or fatty food. Its action cortisol signals the body about the need for "fat deposits" to create an energy reserve in the "Combating Enemy". Cortisol, undoubtedly, is one of the most important hormones, but in chronic stress such a hormone is produced in much larger quantities than it is necessary and then it becomes harmful. This hormone in excess may have a number of adverse effects: high blood pressure, decrease in immunity, increase in abdominal fat, decrease muscular fabric, as well as hyperglycemia. This usually leads to large problems associated with increasing cholesterol, the appearance of diabetes, heart attack or stroke. Therefore, cortisol has also received the nickname "death hormone";
• mineralocortokids ( aldosterone) - the hormone necessary for normal operation of the kidneys, contribute to reabsorption (reverse absorption), which leads to a delay in the body of the water and the emergence of numerous edema;
• androgen (Sex hormone, estrogens) - the higher the estrogen level in the blood of a person, the more resistant to pain. This is due to the increase in pain;
• catecholamines ( adrenalin, noraderenalin, Dopamine) - belong to the hormones of the brain layer of the adrenal glands and are biologically active substances. Of these, norepinephrine and adrenaline are produced not only by nervous tissues, but also a brainstant. Their effects in the human body differ somewhat, since human adrenaline is about 80%, and norepinephrine is only 20%. Adrenaline has a powerful and intensive effect, but compared with cortisol, it turns out quickly, so adrenaline often participates in a serious short-term alarm and the panic situation. Adrenaline in the blood increases in the first moments of the impact of the stressor and, according to many scientists, can contribute to the development of cancer.

In addition to the adrenal glands of stress, an increase in the exchange, accelerating chemical reactions and creating increased attentiveness, is also produced by the thyroid gland (thyroxine, triiodhythonic) and the front lobes of the pituitary gland (prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH, folliclestimulating and luteinizing hormone).

Of great importance, especially for the female body, has a hormone prolactinwhich supports the yellow body and controls the formation of progesterone. Under stress, it is prolactin that has the most powerful impact on the metabolism and water regulation mechanisms in the body. In the state of depression, prolactin is produced uncontrollably and can lead to disastrous consequences, especially in cases where there is a predisposition for the development of cancer cells. Prolactin is a movable hormone, since it is easy to influence its concentration. At the same time, prolactin, whose formation is pulsing and rises during sleep, may depend on the reception of some drugs (opioid analgesics, antidepressants, cocaine, estrogens, etc.) or oral contraceptives. Prolactin plays a special role in the production of milk at the mother during lactation. To keep prolactin normally, it is important to observe the recreation and work mode, as well as avoid stress or try to form a healthy and proper reaction to stressful situations.

All these hormones of stress (especially cortisol, prolactin and adrenaline) prepare the body To the emergence of complex situations by certain mechanisms, including an increase in blood sugar or blood pressure to provide muscle and brain fuel. Thus, causing the feelings of panic and fear, as well as making a person ready to resist any threat or escape from her.

Mechanism of the impact of stress hormones on the body

In response to the stressful situation in the human body, there is a state of confusion and anxiety, which are preparing for active actions. Information about a possible alarm enters the brain where it is fixed as nerve pulses, and then through nerve endings are transmitted to the relevant organs. As a result, a huge number of stress hormones are thrown into the blood, which are spread over the vessels of the whole body.

In physical stress, it is predominantly norepinephrine, and with mental (rage, fear, anxiety) - most often adrenaline. Both the other hormone have a certain impact, as follows:

• noraderenalin causes Increased diastolic and systolic pressure without accelerating heart rhythms, increases the intensity of heart cuts, inhibits diuresis, due to the narrowing of the kidney vessels, delays sodium ions in the blood, lowers the secretory activity of the stomach, enhances the salivation, and also contributes to the relaxation of the smooth intestinal musculatory;
• adrenalin is antidiuretik I. possessed Antispasmodic and bronchorated effect. Unlike other hormones, adrenaline can cause an expansion of the pupil and a change in carbon exchange. Adrenaline its influence reflexively reduces the amplitude and frequency of breathing, the release of potassium and sodium ions with urine, relaxes the walls of the organs, slows down the digestive secretion and motor activity of the stomach, and also increases the reduction of the skeleton muscles. Adrenaline is considered one of the most active natural stimulants of all organism systems.

Cortisol and corticosterone affect the system of the body by:

• transformations in amino acid muscles in glucose in order to provide the body with additional energy and removing the voltage;
• adjusting blood pressure and insulin metabolism;
• control of blood sugar balance;
• anti-inflammatory effects due to a decrease in the permeability of vascular walls, oppression of mediators of inflammation and inhibition of other mechanisms causing inflammatory reactions;
• immunoregulating effects - cortisol inhibits the activity of lymphocytes and allergens.

In parallel with this, the hormone cortisol can negatively affect the work of the brain as a whole, destroying the neurons in the hippocampus.

An important role also plays and prolactin with metabolic and anabolic effectsaffecting metabolic processes and accelerating protein synthesis. In addition, prolactin has an immunoregulating effect, can affect behavioral reactions and participates in the regulation of water-salt metabolism and mental functions. It is closely related to the reproductive woman's reproductive panel.

Stress hormones are secreted not only during adverse conditions or situations. In the normal state, they act as the necessary component of the endocrine regulation. However, their concentration in the blood during stressful exposure increases many times. In this case, the muscles are activated, and the instant cleavage of carbohydrates and proteins occurs.

Stressful condition is caused by various life events, whether it is personal problems or difficulties of an external nature, for example, unemployment. In any complex situations in the body occur biochemical processes, With long-term traumatic experience, they are able to influence human health. With stressful moments, many systems are involved, immune, digestive, urinary and other functional areas of the body are involved in mobilization. In this case, the most active system is an endocrine sphere, it is under its control that there is a so-called stress hormone. Usually under it implies cortisol, but it is impossible not to take into account other changes under the influence of a strong experience.

Biochemical processes of stress
How does the body work during stressful experiences? Doctors argue that a long-term traumatic factor causes various physiological changes, endocrine tissues are most susceptible to various aggressors. Consider a chain of biochemical changes in the body.

At the first signs of danger in adrenal glands, adrenaline and norepinephrine is produced. Adrenaline rises with alarm, shock states, fear. Enrolled in blood, it enhances the heartbeat, expanding pupils, and also begins work on the adaptation of the body to stress. But long exposure to its protective forces of the body. Noraderenalin is allocated for any shock situations, its action is associated with an increase in blood pressure. Adrenaline during stress is considered a hormone of fear, and norepinephrine, on the contrary, rage. Without the development of these hormones, the body becomes unprotected before the influence of stressful situations.
Another stress hormone is cortisol. Its increase occurs in extreme situations or severe physical exertion. In small doses, cortisol does not have a special impact on the work of the body, but its long-term accumulation causes the development of depression, there is a thrust for fatty food and sweet products. No wonder cortisol bind with weight set.
It is impossible to exclude an important hormone from the biochemical chain, which particularly affects women is prolactin. In a situation of strong stress and depression, prolactin is strongly distinguished, which leads to a violation of metabolism.
Biochemical processes cause certain mechanisms that adapt a person to danger. At the same time, stress hormones are able to affect the work of the body. Consider their impact in more detail. How do prolactin and cortisol affect health?

Cortisol
Cortisol is necessary for the body's correct operation, it regulates the Sahara balance, glucose and insulin metabolism. But stressful impact increases its norm, in this case the critical influence of the hormone occurs.

What happens if cortisol exceeded its norm?

High blood pressure.
Reducing the function of the thyroid gland.
Hyperglycemia.
Bone fragility.
Reduced immunity.
Festivation of fabrics.
Such an action is manifested in chronic stress, and accordingly a long-term increase in the hormone.
Another negative impact of stress hormone is the appearance of fatty sediments in the waist area. This is due to the appearance of thrust to sweet and fatty food. If stress moved to the chronic phase, then the closed circle is obtained. The organism is sent signals that he needs to postpone fat for the energy reserve. Sometimes the cortisol and its high level interfere with reset overweight.

In order to avoid the above problems, it is necessary to study to cope with stress. Cortisol decreases in a relaxed atmosphere, in the absence of long experiences. A good emotional background will allow you to maintain hormone at the required level.

Prolactin
Prolactin is associated with childbearing function, moreover affects metabolism. If prolactin is elevated, its excess leads to a violation of ovulation, the absence of pregnancy, it may cause mastopathy, adenoma and fibrosis.

What is the reason for increasing this hormone? The main source includes a stress factor. Even the usual excitement before exams causes a short-term increase in such a hormone as prolactin. In addition to stressful influence, the reasons for the increase refers:

Receiving a certain range of drugs.
Radioactive radiation.
Operations on lactic glands.
Chronic liver and kidney failure.
Endocrine diseases.
And if prolactin is lowered? The reduced level is found in rare cases. If the body is healthy, then the increase in the hormone is associated with pregnancy, emotional and physical overloads. To learn about increasing the norm, you should pass the analysis for its definition. After that, the reasons are determined, and the treatment is also assigned.

If prolactin is produced during a protracted depression, then the consequences for the body can be critical. The hormone is very mobile, so it is difficult to influence its concentration. It is important to observe calm regime, nerve overload causes strong vibrations of stress hormone. Prolactin and its level should be monitored when planning pregnancy.

It should be noted that the person needs hormones in the body. Cortisol, prolactin and adrenaline prepare the body to combat and adapt. But if the traumatic factor is delayed, then their negative impact begins.
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition that occurs as a result of increased production of prolactin hormone. It is synthesized in the front of the pituitary gland and has a great influence on the reproductive function.

This hormone together with progesterone support the functioning of the yellow bodies of the ovary and take an active part in the process of tooling the fetus during pregnancy.

If prolactin is elevated, the symptoms of this state, observed more often than others - headaches and a decrease in libido.

Long-term hyperprolactinemium leads to a decrease in the bone density and the development of osteoporosis. In patients, there is an increased synthesis of androgens and, as a result, the development of hirsutism (excessive masculine type) increases weight, mastopathy develops, a sleep disruption occurs, depression occurs.

One of the main symptoms of hyperprolactinemia is disorders of the menstrual cycle. It becomes irregular or completely disappears.

Few people know that prolactin is produced in the body of a man. An increase in the synthesis of this hormone can lead to diseases of the prostate gland and the development of erectile dysfunction.

Causes of hyperprolactiamia
Increased prolactin synthesis can have both physiological and pathological origins.

W. healthy people Hyperprolactinemia can be observed with a lack of sleep, physical overvoltage, in women during lactation and so on.

The hormone level may increase even with the massage of the cervical spinal column, since it is there that there are nerve endings that affect the synthesis of prolactin.

A short-term increase in the level of prolactin may be observed in stress caused by, for example, a gynecological inspection or surrender of blood test.

Pathological hyperprolactinemium may arise due to the development of such serious diseaseslike tuberculosis, SPKA (polycystic ovarian syndrome), hepatic or renal failure, pituitary tumor.

Synthesis prolactin increases when taking some drugs (estrogen, contraceptive and anti-ansulous tablets, opiates, neuroleptics, hypotensive drugs), so at the doctor's reception, it is necessary to tell him about all the preparations taken.

Hyperprolactinemia is observed after radioactive exposure, with the "empty" Turkish saddle syndrome (the place where the pituitary is located), after operational intervention in the milk glands.

Source: Eco Clinic "Altravit"

Prolactin and Cortisol - Stress Hormones

Of particular interest in the problem of stress resistance and the emergence of stress is due to the expansion of the activity of a modern person who often occurs in fairly extreme conditions and accompanied by a constant increase in mental and mental loads and a decrease in physical work.

Created by scientific and technical progress and civilization of hypokinesia (restriction of motor activity) and hypodynamine (reduction of power loads) not only adversely affect the respiratory system, blood circulation, the musculoskeletal system, the metabolism, but also, they will certainly lead to a decrease in the body's reactivity and as a result - Development of stress.

General concept Stress indicates a strong unfavorable and negative effect on the body, as well as the psychological and physiological response of a person of various kinds of aggressor (stressor).

In morphological and functionality, stress is accompanied by a general adaptation syndrome that has certain stages:

anxiety reaction - the overall resistance of the body decreases ("shock"), after which protective mechanisms are included;
The resistance stage (resistance) - on the basis of the voltage of the functioning of all systems, the maximum adaptation of the body is achieved to new conditions;
The period of exhaustion is manifested by the inconsistency of protective mechanisms, as a result of which a violation of the interaction and consistency of life functions is increasing.
One of the criteria of gravity of stress is the degree of severity of signs (symptoms) of this state, namely:

physiological manifestations - migraine (headaches), periodic increase in blood pressure, chest pain, heart, lower back, redness of skin, atopic dermatitis, eczema, other skin diseases, development of stomach ulcers;
Psychological reactions - loss of appetite, irritability, reduced interest in what is happening, the inability to focus, increased excitability, waiting for pain or possible trouble, depression.
Stressful state can be caused by individual factors associated with events in personal life, work, emergencies. In this case, the body reacts with the same biochemical changes aimed at repayment of the voltage.

The main systems that implement stressful restructuring of the body are pituitary-hypothalamic-adrenal and sympathetic systems under the control of the highest brain and hypothalamus departments, the intensive functioning of which is accompanied by the release of various hormones called stress hormones. They, mobilizing the physical resources of the body, help him cope with the emergence of an overlap, which led to stress.

Main stress hormones and their features
During the stress in the body, the level of activity of its functional systems - cardiovascular, immune, urinary, digestive, and others is changing. Therefore, the main role in maintaining this new status is the hormones of stress. At the same time, adrenal glands protrudes the most active iron of the internal secretion.

The bark of adrenal glands highlights the four main groups of steroid hormones of stress:

glucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisol) - hormone cortisol is produced in emergency or stressful situations, with a lack of nutrition and strong physical exertion. After the release, the cortisol exhibits a long effect, but its constantly increased level can lead to a violation of memory and the development of depression. The maximum content in blood serum cortisol reaches in the morning and lower - at night. In large quantities, cortisol is produced in chronic overvoltage, which can cause cravings to sweet or fatty food. Its action cortisol signals the body about the need for "fat deposits" to create an energy reserve in the "Combating Enemy". Cortisol, undoubtedly, is one of the most important hormones, but in chronic stress such a hormone is produced in much larger quantities than it is necessary and then it becomes harmful. This hormone in excess can have a number of adverse effects: high blood pressure, decrease in immunity, increase in abdominal fat, reduction of muscle tissue, as well as hyperglycemia. This usually leads to large problems associated with increasing cholesterol, the appearance of diabetes, heart attack or stroke. Therefore, cortisol has also received the nickname "death hormone";
Mineralocortokids (aldosterone) - a hormone required for normal operation of the kidneys, contribute to reabsorption (reverse absorption), which leads to a delay in the body of the water and the emergence of numerous edema;
Androgens (sex hormone, estrogen) - the higher the level of estrogen in the blood of a person, the more resistant to pain. This is due to the increase in pain;
Catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine) - belong to the hormones of the brain layer of the adrenal glands and are biologically active substances. Of these, norepinephrine and adrenaline are produced not only by nervous tissues, but also a brainstant. Their effects in the human body differ somewhat, since human adrenaline is about 80%, and norepinephrine is only 20%. Adrenaline has a powerful and intensive effect, but compared with cortisol, it turns out quickly, so adrenaline often participates in a serious short-term alarm and the panic situation. Adrenaline in the blood increases in the first moments of the impact of the stressor and, according to many scientists, can contribute to the development of cancer.
In addition to the adrenal glands of stress, an increase in the exchange, accelerating chemical reactions and creating increased attentiveness, is also produced by the thyroid gland (thyroxine, triiodhythonic) and the front lobes of the pituitary gland (prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH, folliclestimulating and luteinizing hormone).

Of great importance, especially for the female organism, has a hormone prolactin, which supports the yellow body and controls the formation of progesterone. Under stress, it is prolactin that has the most powerful impact on the metabolism and water regulation mechanisms in the body. In the state of depression, prolactin is produced uncontrollably and can lead to disastrous consequences, especially in cases where there is a predisposition for the development of cancer cells.

Prolactin - Movable hormone, because it is easy to influence its concentration. At the same time, prolactin, whose formation is pulsing and rises during sleep, may depend on the reception of some drugs (opioid analgesics, antidepressants, cocaine, estrogens, etc.) or oral contraceptives. Prolactin plays a special role in the production of milk at the mother during lactation. To keep prolactin normally, it is important to observe the recreation and work mode, as well as avoid stress or try to form a healthy and proper reaction to stressful situations.

All these stress hormones (especially cortisol, prolactin and adrenaline) prepare the body to the emergence of complex situations by certain mechanisms, including the increase in blood sugar levels or blood pressure to provide muscle and brain fuel. Thus, causing the feelings of panic and fear, as well as making a person ready to resist any threat or escape from her.

Mechanism of the impact of stress hormones on the body
In response to the stressful situation in the human body, there is a state of confusion and anxiety, which are preparing for active actions. Information about a possible alarm enters the brain where it is fixed as nerve pulses, and then through nerve endings are transmitted to the relevant organs. As a result, a huge number of stress hormones are thrown into the blood, which are spread over the vessels of the whole body.

In physical stress, it is predominantly norepinephrine, and with mental (rage, fear, anxiety) - most often adrenaline. Both the other hormone have a certain impact, as follows:

noraderenalin causes an increase in diastolic and systolic pressure without accelerating cardiac rhythms, increases the intensity of heart abbreviations, inhibits diuresis, due to the narrowing of the kidney vessels, delays sodium ions in the blood, lowers the secretory activity of the stomach, enhances the salivation, and also contributes to the relaxation of the intestinal muscles;
Adrenaline is an antidiuretic and has antispasmodic and bronighting effect. Unlike other hormones, adrenaline can cause an expansion of the pupil and a change in carbon exchange. Adrenaline its influence reflexively reduces the amplitude and frequency of breathing, the release of potassium and sodium ions with urine, relaxes the walls of the organs, slows down the digestive secretion and motor activity of the stomach, and also increases the reduction of the skeleton muscles. Adrenaline is considered one of the most active natural stimulants of all organism systems.
Cortisol and corticosterone affect the body system by:

transformations in amino acid muscles in glucose in order to provide the body with additional energy and removing the voltage;
Adjusting blood pressure and insulin metabolism;
control of blood sugar balance;
anti-inflammatory effects due to a decrease in the permeability of vascular walls, oppression of mediators of inflammation and inhibition of other mechanisms causing inflammatory reactions;
Immunoregulating effects - cortisol inhibits the activity of lymphocytes and allergens.
In parallel with this, the hormone cortisol can negatively affect the work of the brain as a whole, destroying the neurons in the hippocampus.

An important role also plays prolactin, which has a metabolic and anabolic effects that affect metabolic processes and accelerating proteins synthesis. In addition, prolactin has an immunoregulating effect, can affect behavioral reactions and participates in the regulation of water-salt metabolism and mental functions. It is closely related to the reproductive woman's reproductive panel.

Stress hormones are secreted not only during adverse conditions or situations. In the normal state, they act as the necessary component of the endocrine regulation. However, their concentration in the blood during stressful exposure increases many times. In this case, the muscles are activated, and the instant cleavage of carbohydrates and proteins occurs.

• If you failed to find a solution to your situation with this article, I will find a consultation and we will find a way out.

  • • This is a description of the nature of the "unhappy" person

      His 2 main problems:1) chronic dissatisfaction of needs, 2) the inability to send his anger internship, keeping it, and together with it and all warm feelings, every year they make it more and more despairing: so that he will do it better, on the contrary, only worse. The reason - he does a lot, but not that. If you do nothing, then, over time, or the person "burns at work", loading itself more and more - until complete exhaustion; Either his own self will be empty and disinterested, unbearable hatred for himself, refusal to care about himself, in the future - even from self-fighting. The manner becomes like a house, from which bailiffs made a furniture. On the background of hopelessness, despair and depletion there is no strength , Energy even thinking. Full loss of ability to love. He wants to live, but begins to die: the dream is disturbed, the exchange of substances ... It is difficult to understand what he lacks precisely because it is not about the destruction of the possession of someone or something.

      On the contrary, he has the possession of destruction, and he is not able to understand what is deprived. It turns out to be their own self. He is unbearably painful and empty: it can not even arrange it in words. This is a neurotic depression.. Everything can be warned, do not bring to such a result.If you learned in the description of yourself, and you want to change something, you need to urgently learn to two things:1. To learn the following text by heart and repeat it all the time until you learn how to use the results of these new beliefs:

      • I have the right to need. I am, and I - I am.
      • I have the right to need and meet the needs.
      • I have the right to ask for satisfaction, the right to seek what I need.
      • I have the right to crave love and love others.
      • I have the right to a decent organization of life.
      • I have the right to express discontent.
      • I have the right to regret and sympathy.
      • ... on birth right.
      • I can get a refusal. I can be alone.
      • I'll take care of myself anyway.

      I want to draw the attention of my readers to the fact that the task of "learn the text" is not an end in itself. Autotraining itself will not give any sustainable results. Every phrase is important to live, feel, find it confirmation in life. It is important that the person wants to believe that the world can be arranged somehow differently, and not just as he got used to imagine him. What is from himself, from his ideas about the world and about themselves in this world, it depends on how he will live this life. And these phrases are only a reason for thinking, reflection and searches for our own, new truths.

      2. To learn how to send aggression on the one to whom it is addressed in fact.

      ... Then the opportunity to experience and express to people and warm feelings will appear. Realize that anger is not destroyed, and can be presented.

      Want to know what is missing a person to become happy?

      You can sign up for a consultation at this link:

      For K. Ageuya "negative emotion" is needed or desire, the satisfaction of which is the key to changes in life ...

      To search for these treasures, I invite you to your advice:

      You can sign up for a consultation at this link:

      Psychosomatic diseases (it will be correct) - these are those disorders in our body, which are based on psychological reasons. psychological reasons are our reactions to traumatic (complex) life events, our thoughts, feelings, emotions that do not find timely, correct for a particular person of expression.

What can be caused by stress, hormones, as affect the body, their functions, cortisol, prolactin, adrenaline, causes, consequences, how to reduce.

In the occurrence of diseases, a person is to blame not only bacteria, viruses, innate or acquired pathology of internal organs.

Many diseases are developing and influenced by long stress. Stress resistance recently pays a lot of attention.

And is due to the fact that modern people often have to be in stressful situations, since their personal and public life Often flows in extreme conditions.

The overall concept of stress

The term stress in medicine is denoted by an unfavorable, negative load on the human body, leading to various psychological and physiological reactions.

From the point of view of morphological and functional development, stress is characterized by adaptation syndrome, which has three stages:

• First stage - alarm response. The usual resistance of the body decreases, a shock state occurs, during which a person loses the ability to partially or fully monitor its actions and thoughts. Protective mechanisms are included in the first stage.
• Second stage of resistance or otherwise resistance. The voltage noted during the functioning of all vital systems leads to the fact that the body begins to adapt (adapt) to the new conditions for it. At this stage, the individual can already make decisions that should help cope with stress.
• Third stage - exhaustion. It manifests itself the inconsistency of protection mechanisms, which ultimately leads to a pathological impairment in the interaction of particularly important functions of the body. If stress goes to the third stage, it becomes chronic, able to give impetus to the development of many diseases.

The severity of stress is determined by the degree of severity of the main symptoms, this is:

• Physiological manifestations. Stress leads to the appearance of headaches, pain in the field of chest, back, drops of blood pressure, redness of individual parts of the body. Long stressful situations are caused by eczema, atopic dermatitis, peptic ulcer of the stomach.
• Psychological manifestations. Reducing appetite, increased nervousness and irritability, decline in life, fast excitability, permanent expectation of possible troubles, nervous ticks, depressive states - psychological manifestations of stress.

In psychology distinguish two types of stress:

• Eustrades or "useful" stress for the body. The development of the human body is impossible without influencing minor stressful situations. Morning rise, hobbies, studies, meetings with loved ones - all this leads to the development of stressful hormones, but if their number is within the normal range, it brings the body only to the body.
• Distresses or negative stress. They arise at the time of the critical stress of the body and their manifestations meet all the traditional ideas about stress.

What is caused by stressful state

The person's body is under the influence of events taking place at work, in a personal life, in society.

Stress is often experiencing those who got into emergencies. In stressful situations in the body, identical biochemical changes occur, their main goal is the repayment of the increasing voltage.

Stressing restructuring in the body occur with the participation of two systems, this is:

• Sympatheadar system.
• Hypophizar hypothala's adrenal.

Their work is controlled by the hypothalamus and the highest brain departments, and intensive work leads to the emission of certain substances that called the stress hormones.

The task of data of hormones is mobilizing the physical resources of the body in order to repay the influence of factors that cause stress.

Main stress hormones and their features

Under the influence of stressful situations in the body, the activity of the main functional systems and their usual functioning change dramatically.

At this time, certain hormones play a major role in maintaining the changed status.

Eliminate their glands of internal secretion, especially for adrenal glands.

The bark of adrenal glands during stress throws stress hormones into the bloodstream related to four groups:

Not only the adrenal glands produce stress hormones. Hormone participating in exchange reactions accelerating biochemical reactions and increases attention is produced by thyroid gland and pituitary gland.

Thyroxin and triiodhydronine is formed in the thyroid gland, in the forefronts of the pituitary gland - growth hormone, prolactin, follicle-sustaming and luteinizing hormones, ACTH.

Stress hormones, especially this applies to adrenaline, prolactin and cortisol, prepare the human body to develop unusual, complex states by incorporating certain mechanisms.

During stress rises blood sugar and blood pressure, it is required to provide the necessary power of the brain and muscles.

Similar changes cause fear and panic and at the same time prepare a person to confront the threat.

As stress hormones affect the body, their functions

The stressful situation initially leads to the fact that a person appears confusion and anxiety increases.

These states are considered to prepare the organism to more pronounced changes.

Information about the threat or non-standard situation enters the brain, processed there and through the nerve endings enters vital organs.

This leads to the fact that stress hormones in a huge amount are beginning to flow into the bloodstream.

If a person is experiencing physical stress, then norepinephrine is released more. In mental stress, adrenaline is produced.

Each of the stress hormones launches its mechanism of action, which affects the appearance of certain symptoms.

Cortisol

Cortisol begins to actively produce in emergency situations, with a lack of admission to the organism of nutrients, with enhanced physical exertion.

The norm is considered when the level of cortisol is within 10 μg / dl, with a pronounced shock, this level can reach 180 μg / DL.

The increase in cortisol - the protective reaction of the body that allows a person in stressful situations faster reliable solutions.

To achieve this, additional energy is needed. Therefore, the high level of cortisol leads to the following changes:

• To transformation of amino acids of muscle tissue in glucose, which is necessary to isolate energy and removal of voltage.
• To insulin metabolism.
• To anti-inflammatory reactions arising from the fact that the permeability of the vessels walls is reduced and the development of inflammatory mediators is depress.
• To the immunoregulating effect on the body. Cortisol reduces the activity of allergens and lymphocytes.

Cortisol with enhanced workout destroys the neurons of the hippocampus, which negatively affects the work of the brain as a whole.

Prolactin

Prolactin has anabolic and metabolic effect on the body. Under the influence of this hormone, metabolic processes change, and the synthesis of proteins is accelerated.

Also, prolactin has an immunoregulating effect, regulates water-salt metabolism, mental functions and behavioral reactions of the body.

Adrenalin

As already mentioned, adrenaline begins to actively stand out at the moment of severe anxiety, with fear, rage, panic.

The main action of adrenaline is the bronchorant and antispasmodic, in addition, this hormone is an antidhyra.

Determine the point of allocation of adrenaline in large quantities You can use the expanding pupil.

Under the influence of adrenaline, the frequency and depth of breathing decreases, the walls of the internal organs are relaxed, the motor function of the stomach is slowed down and the digestive enzymes and juices are aligned.

It is simultaneously increasing the reduction of skeletal muscles, if you make urine analysis at the moment of a strong stressful situation, then sodium and potassium ions can be detected.

The discharge of norepinephrine becomes the reason for increasing blood pressure, but the acceleration of the rhythm of the heart does not occur. Noranedrenalin reduces diuresis, reduces the secretory activity of the stomach, enhances the selection of saliva and relaxes a smooth muscles located in the intestinal walls.

The effects of increased level of cortisol and prolactin

More negative changes The body occurs if a large amount of cortisol or prolactin is constantly in the blood.

If the indices of cortisol for a long time remain at a consistently high level, then this becomes the cause:

• Reduction muscular mass. The body synthesizes energy not from the incoming food, but from muscle tissue.
• Increases the percentage of fat deposits. With an increased cortisol, a person constantly wants sweet, and it provokes a weight set.
• The appearance of folds on the stomach. With a high level of cortisol, fat deposits are accumulated inside the abdomen, they pushed out the muscular layer, and the figure acquires the shape of the apple.
• Sugar diabetes 2 types. The influence of cortisol decreases the production of insulin and at the same time glucose appears in the blood due to the destruction of the muscles. That is, sugar in the blood becomes almost twice.
• Reducing testosterone levels.
• Increased risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. The high level of cortisol causes the body to constantly work with overloads, which negatively affects the state of the vessels and the heart muscle.
• Osteoporosis. Cortisol worsens the processes of assimilation of collagen and calcium, slows the processes of regeneration, which causes the increased fragility of bone tissue.

Hormone Prolactin is responsible for the formation of progesterone. More importantly, this hormone has a woman for the body.

In stressful situations, prolactin strongly affects metabolic reactions and mechanisms regulating the water content in the body.

When depressed prolactin is produced in large quantities and it becomes the cause of various pathologies, including the development of cancer cells.

The excess number of prolactin becomes the absence of ovulation, not to wear pregnancy, mastopathy.

Prolactin is important for the health of men, if it is not enough, the sexual function may suffer, there is a predisposition to the formation of adenoma.

Causes of increasing stress hormones in the body

Stress hormones begin to produce in human body during stressful situations.

The sharp production of hormones, mostly adrenaline, may be due to an emergency incident - earthquake, an accident, thermal injury.

Adrenaline in excessive amounts is produced during parachute jumps, during classes and other extreme sports.

Long or even constant increase in cortisol, prolactin arises due to:

• Severe, prolonged disease.
• Losses relative or close man.
• Divorce.
• Deterioration financial situation.
• Problems at work.
• Retirement.
• Problems with the law.
• Sexual dysfunctions.

In women, stress hormones can begin to accumulate after the occurrence of pregnancy.

Sometimes after the birth of a child, the situation is only aggravated, which can lead to a difficult psychosis or postpartum depression.

Chronically elevated cortisol concentration can be due to:

• Periodic starvation or rigid diets.
• Incorrect organization of physical exertion. Sports need to be carried out under the guidance of an experienced trainer, who knows how the level of training affects the critical increase in cortisone and may, by selecting the right complexes, neutralize this harmful effect.
• Coffee abuse. A cup of strong coffee raises the level of cortisol by 30%. Therefore, if you drink several cups of drink during the day, it will lead to a constantly elevated level of stress hormone.

The situation is aggravated if the person is constantly inappropriate, it works a lot and does not know how to rest.

Popular with readers:, reasons how to get rid of.

Signs

Stress symptoms depend on several factors, this is the state of the psyche of a person, the stage of the pathological process, the force of negative impact. Signs of stress are divided into physical and psychological. The most expressed in their manifestations of psychological symptoms, it is:

• The emergence of an unfortunate anxiety.
• Internal tension.
• Constant dissatisfaction.
• Constantly bad mood, depression.
• Reducing interest in work, personal life, to loved ones.

Physical symptoms can manifest itself strong fatigue, sleep disorders, weight loss, irritability or apathy.

In women during pregnancy and after childbirth, stress incontinence of urine may occur, that is, its spontaneous selection when coughing, sneezing, scheme.

The incontinence of urine after stress is also noted in young children.

Eliminate the increased level of prolactin in the body is necessary at:

• Infertility.
• Miscarriages at the first weeks of pregnancy.
• Galactors, that is, when the milk is isolated from the nipples.
• Frigidity and reduced sexual attraction.
• Acne and hirsutism.
• Disorders of the menstrual cycle.
• Increased appetite, which may cause obesity.

With long-term development of prolactin, the structure of cells that produce this hormone varies, the tumor - prolactinoma begins to grow as a result.

This tumor squeezes the visual nerve and negatively affects the state of the nervous system.

Its main symptoms is a decrease in visual acuity, sleep disturbance, depression.

It is possible to assume the chronic enhancement of cortisol according to the following features:

• Weight set with regular training and balanced nutrition.
• PUBLIC OF PULSE. The high level of cortisol leads to a narrowing of the vessels, which leads to elevated heartbeat even alone.
• Nervousness arising even without any reason.
• Reducing libido.
• Frequent sweating and rapid urination.
• Insomnia
• Depressive state.

The manifestations of the increase in stress hormones leads to severe and not always reversible changes.

In some cases, people prefer to cope with stress themselves, muffled psycho-emotional manifestations of alcohol, drug use, gambling.

How to reduce

Reduce the separation of stress hormones in the body can be the only way to minimize the effects of stress. For this you need:

• Follow healthy image Life, that is, not to rebuild, sleep fully sleep at night, walking out in the fresh air.
• Having sports. Training should be regular, but they need to be given a day to a maximum of 50 minutes.
• Avoid stress. To learn to adequately react to negative loads, you can learn yoga, meditation, use various techniques Relaxation. With elevated susceptibility, it is better to abandon the viewing of negative news and materials.
• Learn how to make your diet so that the body gets all the substances they need, and the digestive system did not overload. It is necessary to reduce the use of caffeine, there are more plant products, drink more water.
• To smile more often. View comedy, communication with friends, sincere laughter - all this positive emotions that do not allow dramatically to climb the level of cortisol.

Stressful situations in the life of any of us will necessarily be. And as the body will react to the selection of stress hormones depend on the person itself.

Therefore, it is necessary to learn how to react sharply on negative factors and, if necessary, do not be shy to seek help to a psychologist.

Cortisol (hydrocortisone) is called a hormone that produces adrenal bark. Thanks to him, the metabolism in the human body is regulated. Also this hormone is called stressful. After all, it is produced in the body as a result of a reaction to any nervous shakes. However, at elevated physical exertion, hydrocortisone can also increase.

It is normal that this hormone can be determined only by analyzes. And very often, seeing results, people cannot decipher them and understand what to pay their attention.

Cortisol level rate rate

In the normal condition of the body, i.e. Emotional and physical peace, the level of human cortisol is within 10 mg. But with any nervous shocks, the level of this hormone comes to 80 mg. With the strongest stress, it can increase very much, even up to 180 mg. It is believed that such an increase in hydrocortisone is at the shock states of a person.

Causes of raising

The main reasons why the cortisol in the body can be elevated - endogenous (internal) and functional.

Endogenous reason

Endogenous cause can also be divided into two groups.

The first includes the so-called dependent form. Adrenocorticotropic pituitary hormone leads to enhanced adrenal operations. As a result, an increased level of cortisol in human blood occurs. This occurs as a result:

• sufficiently long reception of the synthetic analogues of the hormones of the pituitary
• if a person has such a disease as an Itsenko-Cushing disease, which arises as a result of any lesions of the brain and pituitary. It is determined in the study of the number of cortisol in the urine of a person;
• etopopic ACTG syndrome. In this case, the secretion of ACTH is increased, which leads to an increase in the work of the adrenal cortex. As a result, cortisol rises.

To the second group applies independent format which there is an elevated level of hydrocortisone in the blood. For reasons can be attributed

• primary shape of adrenal hyperplasia;
• carcinoma or adenoma of adrenal glands.

As can be seen to the internal reasons for the elevated level of cortisol, both men and women include diseases associated with hormonal disorders of the body.

Functional reason

Functional reason. Very often, when conducting a survey, the endogenous causes of the occurrence of the increased level of cortisol hormone are not found. However, in addition, there are other diseases that can affect it. In this case, they talk about functional hypercorticism. It is called:

• obesity;
• liver disease;
• nervous anorexia;
• in women, high cortisol often happens during pregnancy;
• constant depression and stressful states will also lead to the fact that this hormone will be at a fairly high level in the body;
• AIDS in adults is also often the cause of an increased hormone;
• noncompensated diabetes;
• hypoglycemia is a reduced amount of glucose in the blood.

The causes of high cortisol are diverse. And very often a person will know only when he gives the tests.

Signs of increased cortisol

As with any disease, there are a variety of symptoms that cortisol is elevated. These include the following:

• The person begins to pursue headaches and painful sensations in the back area. With a constantly increased cortisol, the thyroid gland is depleted, which leads to a decrease in the formation of the prolactin hormone.
• The high content of hydrocortisone in the blood in humans can cause insomnia. The fact is that with the normal state of the body, the amount of this hormone by night should decline.
• People with a high level of cortisol hormone are often a decline of forces. Fatigue arises constantly, even with very small physical exertion.
• Another symptom is considered fast magnification Body masses, while human nutrition is normal, and the sides and stomach continue to grow.
• Cortisol affects immune system organism. Therefore, a person with an increased number of this hormone is subject to fairly frequent colds.
• Due to the high amount of hydrocortisone in the body, the amount of blood sugar may increase. Insulin begins to "jump", as a result, a person constantly wants sweet or oily food.
• A constantly elevated level of this hormone leads to violations in the digestive tract - it may be hearthole, constant belching, nausea, constipation or, on the contrary, diarrhea.
• The increase in cortisol in the female body manifests itself in the fact that a monthly cycle may be disturbed. There is a male type exhibit.
• The child has a high hormone content leads to an increase in pressure, blood sugar levels. Children become irritable, often increases weight, can even appear fat hump between the blades.
• And of course, elevated cortisol is very affected by the number of serotonin in the body. He just decreases. Because of this, people are in constant depression and feel the feeling of depression.

The symptoms are many, however, this does not mean that they all appear immediately. If you suddenly arise any suspicion, then it is best to consult a doctor.

The level of free cortisol in the body is usually determined in the "daily urine". During the day it is necessary to collect all the urine emerging from the body. Then everything is crushed into the laboratory, where the level of hormones is determined.

Very often, women are prescribed urine and blood tests and such hormones as prolactin and TSH. The fact is that often their excess or decrease leads to the impossibility of pregnant. So, for example, Prolactin is also called a stress hormone. And if a person has a prolonged depression, he begins to produce completely uncontrollably. Which in turn can lead to negative consequences, and even tumors. And in men, for example, the increased content of this hormone leads to a decrease in sexual entry and impotence. In addition, he is responsible for metabolic processes in the body.

Together with the analysis of urine and blood to determine the number of prolactin, doctors are usually prescribed analysis on TSH (thyrotropic hormone), as they are interconnected. The fact is that thanks to TG, the thyroid gland produces hormones. If its work is disturbed, it can lead to hyperprolactinium (i.e., increase prolactin). It is worth knowing that the norm and for men and for women over 14 years old is considered the TTG indicator from 0.4 to 4. But the child under the age of 14 will be a little different indicator.

Treatment

If suddenly in the analyzes, the increased content of the cortisol hormone in the blood or urine will be detected, the physicians will definitely prescribe the correct treatment. Usually used medical preparations. However, first of all, it is worth trying to eliminate the main reasons.

• it is necessary to limit the consumption of coffee, carbonated water, energy drinks;
• you need to give your body a full-fledged rest, sleep at least 7-8 hours a day;
• it is worth consuming food rich in proteins, such as eggs, cottage cheese, dairy products. The fact is that the increased number of cortisol leads to the destruction of the protein. And the muscle tissue suffers from this. It is not necessary to comply with a very strict diet, but it is worth limiting in sweets and greasy dishes;
• if you suddenly appear any signs that this hormone is raised in the body, it is necessary to take any complexes containing vitamins B and C, licorice root chain, pink radiols;
• however, the most important thing in treatment is, of course, what is necessary to avoid stressful situations and more rest.

Effects

A constantly elevated level of cortisol can lead to negative consequences. The body begins to violate all systems:

• A frequent change in pressure in the highest side negatively affects the operation of the cardiovascular system.
• The blood constantly contains a high amount of glucose.
• Increased level of cortisol suppresses insulin synthesis.
• Calcium is digested by the body worse, which leads to the occurrence of diseases of bones and joints.
• The slow formation of T-lymphocytes leads to the fact that the immune system suffers.
• Begins to quickly accumulate an extra mass.

In addition, problems appear in the operation of the digestive system, cholesterol is rising. Women suffers from the reproductive system, the thyroid gland begins to synthesize hormones worse.

It is not necessary to be afraid if an increased level of cortisol is found in the analyzes, but also should not ignore the problem. Doctors will definitely appoint proper and appropriate treatment. Under all the appointments, the normalization of the level of cortisol will come pretty quickly.

IN human organism It has vital importance. In colloquial speech, this enzyme is called a stress hormone. Without cortisol, the body will not be able to cope with those manifestations that stress entails.

Another function of cortisol is the provision of muscle tissue energy. Therefore, the hormone in normal concentration is necessary not only in stress, but also with relative rest.

The enzyme has the following influence:

takes part in the metabolism of proteins;

controls erythrocyte production;

participates in the exchange of carbohydrates;

adjusts the synthesis of glycogen.

What does elevated cortisol mean

Only in pregnant women, the increase in cortisol is considered the norm. If the high level of hormone is detected in a woman not in this position, then its body is experiencing the strongest stress. If the increase is insignificant, and there is visible reasons (troubles at work, quarrels in the family, lovely disease), this is a protective reaction of the organism, which is considered normal in this situation.

If there is no stress, and the cortisol is raised - it is necessary to urgently undergo a medical examination. A long enzyme enhancement can turn into:

hypertension;

impairment of the function of the thyroid gland;

tremor hands;

reduction of memory and concentration of attention;

emotional burnout.

Cortisol is raised - the causes of physiological

Pathological causes of increased level of cortisol a lot. The patient, who came to the doctor, is investigated for the following diseases:

sugar diabetes with high glucose or hypoglycemia;

polycystic ovarian;

hypothyroidism - low level of thyroid hormones;

AIDS;

adrenal hyperplasia;

hepatitis of any type;

cirrhosis of the liver;

bulimia, anorexia.

Increased cortisol in blood

If the patient in the blood is increased cortisol, the patient is tormented by headaches and painful weakness in the muscles. Next, the person appears insomnia, because in a healthy body level stress hormone Decreases closer in the evening.

Along with the cortisol in the blood, the sugar rate rises. Insulin's jumps lead to the fact that the patient constantly wants to eat something sweet or fat. At these changes should increase body weight, up to obesity. Even with minor physical exertion, a person feels strong fatigue, and the decrease in immunity leads to frequent colds.

Other symptoms:

in women, there is a masculine type and a breakdown of a monthly cycle;

constipation or diarrhea;

heartburn;

belching;

nausea.

Cortisol in the urine is increased

Cortisol is not only in the blood, but in the urine, only here the enzyme is not connected by proteins. The urine analysis is made to differentiate obesity from Icenko-Cushing syndrome - a dangerous hormonal disease.

If the doctor suspects his patient with this pathology, urine, blood and even saliva takes on the study. This is necessary to obtain a general picture of the condition of the hormonal background. Since the effect of stresses can distort the indicators, research is carried out several times.

The consequences of elevated cortisol

Increased cortisol in the body is fraught with the destruction of muscle tissue. What caused this phenomenon? When a person is experiencing stress or overstrays itself with physical exertion, a pulse warns about danger in the brainstant.

At this point, the index of cortisol with normal (10mg) jumps up to 120-180 mg, which leads to the launch of the mechanism for the destruction of the simplest components. It is from such simple components - glucose and amino acids, human muscles consist.

The electrical impulse coming from the central nervous system enters the cardiovascular system, which is the reason for increasing blood pressure. Glucose formed after the collapse of the muscles, and cortisol enroll in blood and help the body to cope with stress. This state of doctors is called adrenaline shock. A man with a shock coped with, but this happened at the cost of the destruction of muscle tissue.

Increased cortisol and prolactin

To cope with a person with stress helps another hormone - prolactin. The enzyme regulates the water content in the body and is responsible for the processes of metabolism. Under the protracted depression, prolactin is generated continuously, which can lead to disastrous consequences, more precisely to the development of cancer cells.

Enhance the enzyme can be provoked by some drugs and drugs:

opium analgesics;

cocaine;

antidepressants;

oral contraceptives.

Despite the fact that both hormones (and cortisone, and prolactin) help the body overcome stress, their promotion is a real threat to life.

How to downgrade cortisol and prolactin - treatment

If the level of cortisol and prolactin in the body increases, it is necessary to take action urgently. You can first try non-drug treatment, that is, to protect yourself as possible from stress, it is good to hurt, not to reduce yourself with physical exertion.

People who abuse coffee, regularly drink carbonated water and energy drinks, should not be surprised at stress hormones in the body. The same applies to alcohol, cigarettes and drugs. First, you should get rid of these harmful habits.

If the above methods did not occur, the doctor must prescribe medication therapy to the patient. It is important to understand that it is impossible to ignore this situation!