What is a window binding: installation and construction device. Budget False Binding for windows with your hands binding from bars with a shot

Making binding

The bounds can be deaf (in the form of a whole frame) and open, with the windows and without them, consist of only two sash or two sashs and fraamuga.

Made the bars from bars and hills, more often rectangular and less frequently square shape with selected folds (quarters small size) For glass. Connect bars with each other with eyeles and spikes.

Prepare bars so. First plasten one side, then the flights are risks on the second and third parties and they plane on them the fourth side. After that, under the carbon plasten the second side and risks are applied to the risks of a third party (Fig. 62).

The bindings are presented particularly strict requirements, since even through well-made protesters leaves the room a lot of heat.

The shells of the binding should help as close as possible to each other or quarters of the box. Ship connections Brucks should also be dense. The nests under the loop cut out exactly that the loops fit into them tightly.

Falves of the bindings need to be located in the same plane so that the glass laid tightly lightened to them. In this case, with glazing on a single smear, heat loss does not occur. With glazing on a double putty, the latter requires much less.

Deaf ups from rectangular bars Consist from the upper, lower, two side bars and two hill (horizontal and vertical), which divide the binding to separate parts (Fig. 63). In the nodes and Yves brus are connected by spikes and eyeles, and in the b - spike and socket.

Risks (Fig. 64) are applied on the sided bars for spikes, faces, nests, folds, determine the width of the trimming of bars "on the US" in the places of their adjuncing to each other. In the width of the bar, the risks are applied with the help of a square, along the length - with the help of a flight or a comb - a piece of bar with a cut and nailed nails. In the vertical bars it is customary to do eyelands, in horizontal - spikes.

Fig. 64. Holding rinks on binding bars: A - Risks; b - holding rink by reysmus; in - holding rink comb; g - holding rinks in the coal; 1 - risks for trimming "on the US"; 2 - risks for ships and lying; 3 - risks for sampling; 4 - pins; 5 - Risk

At risk, spikes and eye pieces. Much depends on the accuracy of the shock. It is impossible, for example, to allow distortions or thicker than the width of the faces, spikes, as it can lead to the splitting of the bar. If the spikes are thinner, the connection will be fragile.

When the teeth of the saw blade should be risks, but the risk itself should not be affected. The saw should go from risks to 74 of its thickness (approximately 0.1 mm). When stamped spikes, the cut line should go from the outside, and during the dish, with the inner (Fig. 65).

Washing the spikes and eyelets from the side of each spike detail, spill the cheeks and hollow out unnecessary wood, removing the chips with a thickness of no more than 5 mm. Then we clean the nests, eyelashes, spikes, selected folders, and if required, and calevice. The width of the folds must correspond to the edge of the spike and eyelashes, and they themselves should be in the same plane and do not require additional corrections (Fig. 66).

After the selection of folds, the width of the faces and spikes becomes different, so they are loosely adjacent to each other. To avoid this, protruding in spikes and faces, part of the wood cut off "on the UC" at an angle of 45 ° (Fig. 67).

Fig. 67. Cutting of cheeks and trimming "On the Us": A - Cutting of the cheeks; B - trimming "on the US" drossing part; in - finished spike detail

If the spikes are tightly included in the eyes, they are slightly screwed down by the chisel, the chamfer is removed. After the assembly, the binding is checked on the rectangle of the coated and rack, applying them diagonally. Details of the binding are taken, disassemble and collected again, but already on the glue. Then the binding is checked with the coal, fixed in the squeezes, drilled in an opening connections with a diameter of 8 10 mm and scored in them on the adhesive. Drown in a few hours from the sample, the boundaries are dried 2-3 days, then cleaned, cutting out the protruding brazenings, customize the folds that should be strictly in the same plane.

From the outdoor side of the lower bar of the binding or sash, they put flexible to remove water from the walls. At the bottom of the mound choose a groove-tear, placing it with 10 mm from the edge.

You can choose a shallow groove in Bruke and put the tide not on the glue, but on the oil dense paint, attaching it with screws. It is more firmly, and water does not penetrate through the gap.

Brucks from bars with shot fabrication (Fig. 68) are manufactured in such a sequence. On prepared Brukes rectangular shape Apply risks for spikes, faces, nests, folds and chamfers. Wash the spikes, eyelands and select the folds, choose wood from spikes and lylish, dump sockets and only after that they remove the champions or take calens. The remaining work is performed in the same sequence as when assembling deaf bindings. Administrates with the window (Fig. 69, a) are manufactured as other binders, and only for the window is installed an additional bar. For the forth the window you need a quarter. If the vessels open the inside of the room, a quarter can be made overhead, attaching rails with nails or screws (Fig. 69, b). If you need a fortietha, opening outwards that are in the binding False deepen the chisel to the sizes of the window and put an additional bar (Fig. 69, B).

The vectors have a sleek fit, with a quarter or from the outlook (Fig. 69, d), reducing purging. Quarter is painted, and the flowfield is stuffed from individual regions. The fortage fit on single, but better on double spikes, which are also suitable in horizontal bars. Footage sizes I. general form It is shown in Figure 69, d.

The vents opening in different directions have the same dimensions, and one way (inside) in summertime should be less than in the winter.

Fittings (Fig. 70) consist of two sash or two sash and fraamuga. May be with the windows and without them. On the lower vessels of the sash and on Framuget, they put foals. In the manufacture, special attention is paid to the device (Fig. 71), on the accuracy of which the degree of purgeness depends on the accuracy. Naschelniks are additionally attached to the feeders. The sizes sizes must be 10-15 mm more than those specified in the drawing, and one sash to the same value is wider. This is necessary to obtain a gap, which in the middle has a 2 mm gap, and at the edges - 1 mm.

After gluing and drying, the sash and framuhu are cleaned, the fasteners are torn, and then the grooves for low tide. At the ends of the flaps are cut off "on the UC" at an angle of 45 °, in the focus - at an angle of 60 °, in fraumuga - at right angles.

The lattice bounds (Fig. 72) are used for glazing terraces and other structures. Allow the use of small size glasses. Reps can be deaf and finished, with forwarders and without them. When assembling, first join the hills, which then wear bars.

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The design of window bakes is distinguished by a large variety, which depends on many factors. The established traditions of architectural solutions in this area, tastes and ideas of the owner, as well as its capabilities play a large role in choosing a design.

In addition, the size of the windows light area, the location of the house on the ground, the number of floors in the building is of great importance in the choice of intertresses. If the apartment is located in a shared house, the architectural solution of the windows of the entire building should be taken into account.The light area of \u200b\u200bthe window is selected as a percentage of the floor area, and according to regulations should be at least 20-30% of its value.

Depending on the height of the room, the constructive type of the window is selected (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Constructive types of windows: 1- for the height of rooms in 2.5 m; 2 - for the height of rooms in 2.7 m; 3 - for the height of the premises in 3 m

Constructively, the bounds are made by deaf, nodding (opening with one, two and three sash), lifting and sliding. In addition, it is possible to install fraamuga, one or several vents, etc.

Fitting window federals most often consist of three parts: two opening sash and tightly fortified framugues. In some cases, Framuhu is made by opening, and sometimes it is generally absent. Flags and framugs consist of strapping (top, bottom and side) and hills or imposses. The straps in the corners are connected by a double spike, and the hills with strapping are a single spike on the adhesive and fastened with bellows.

For the manufacture of bindings, they select high-quality (without bitch) dry bars rectangular or square shape. The quality of the manufacture of intertresses should be paid to special attention, as they are peculiar bridges of thermal conductivity through which many heat can go.

At first, carefully handle one side of the bar, then the reysmus is scheduled for risks on the second and third parties and plane the fourth side, aligning it flat on the planned risks. After that, they plane the second side, seeking straight corners between the planes of the bar (Fig. 2). Then a flight mark the first and fourth side and plasten the third side of the bar.

Fig. 2. Sequence of barrests: I, 4-horses; 2, 3 - bars; five- False; A, B, B - nodes

After processing all brucks, bindings are embarking on the execution of folds. False must be completed in such a way that they are located in the same plane in the finished binding. Otherwise, it will be difficult to achieve efficient glass seal. The dimensions of the folds depend on the type of alleged seal and glass thickness. For example, for sealing glass, the folds should be wider than when tapping the smear. In addition, the size of the folds is affected by the thickness of bars of strapping and hills. It should be remembered that too narrow folders are easily blurred by the wind.

Thickening binding connections should be performed with a special care so that they tightly come into each other without distortion and gaps. A wide spike, for example, can split a bar when pressed it in the eye, and too narrow thorns weakens the connection. To drink spikes and lycs use fine-skinned hacksaw with a narrow web (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Production and compound of thickening binding connections

At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the teeth of the saws take place along the edge of the laying line, not touching it. If the spike is cut, the teeth of the saws pass along the outside of the line, and for the face, on the contrary, with the inner. When assembling the binding, special attention should be paid to the corners of the connection of their elements. The perpendicularity of the angles is checked with a coal (Fig. 4).

Outdoor flaps width more than 700 mm are often fastening with metal coal from the interchangeable space, and sometimes from the outside (Fig. 5). Summer bindings, coolers put indoors.

Fig. 5. Fastening Folds with metal coal

In the manufacture of bindings in places of mutual adjustment of the sash and the fraumug chose a quarter, which make it difficult to blow through the focus. With the same goal, they choose a quarter and in bindings along the contour of their adjuncing to the boxes, creating a blowing-scope of binding on the box bar. On the flaps are nachelniki, closing the slit slit.

In framugs, sash and external binding low strapping Make with a tump and groove (drip) to intercept flowing droplets.

When assembling and fitting the bindings, you need to ensure that the shells of the binding firmly fit together and to the quarters of the box. All looseness in these places will contribute to the penetration of dust in the apartment and heat leakage during the cold season.

In order to reduce air permeability over the perimeter of the bang in bindings, layers are installed in the form of strips from elastic plastics: foam rubber, spongy rubber or cord. Gaskets must have elasticity, durability and durability. With the same purpose, the slits between the sash in the focus and between the sash and the boxes covering. They are satisfied with the stems, seeking a dense adjuncing to the box and impostas. In some cases, naschelniks are installed on both sides, however, the practice has shown that such duplication does not give the expected result.

In some cases, the internal bounds are made by deaf, removing them in the summer and establishing it for the winter (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6. Installation of outdoor (b) and inner deaf (a) binding

The lattice reels are used for glazing terraces, balconies and some other premises. They can be nullified or with built-in former. Such repays allow the use of small-sized glasses, and their hill may have a straightforward form or a smooth configuration depending on the design plan.

The assembly of lattice bindings start with hill, connecting them between themselves the manner shown in Fig. 7. After that, bars are put on the inner design of hill bars. Compounds of hill with bars are performed on spikes with synthetic glue.

Fig. 7. Decorations: A - binding b - hubbles; in - a hubble connection

The light area of \u200b\u200bsuch bindings is significantly reduced by hubbles, the number of which depends on the design of the window.

Paired binders used in civil engineering consist of two bindings (outdoor and internal) interconnected on the hinges and pressed together with screws-tie screws (Fig. 8). At the same time, a space of 50 mm and more, called muffled, is formed between the sash. For a more dense fit of the flaps along their bars, insulating gaskets are laid.

Fig. 8. Paired binding: 1 - window box; 2 - outdoor and internal bounds; 3 - screw-screed; 4 - Eaglushina space; 5 - glasses

The cross sections of the bars in the manufacture of these bindings are as follows: for outdoor - 41 * 32 mm, for internal - 55x44 mm. Made separately bindings are tightened with each other with special screws - screeds. These screeds are scredding, which makes it possible when wiping or repairing revealing reversals. The distance between the glasses is 47 mm. Paired together, the bindings are hung on shared loops. To avoid purging, in the places of the fabrics it is necessary to put sealing rubber gaskets, which makes it possible to open windows in the winter, as they do not shine and not stuck.

To close such bakes, special punctures are needed.

The box for these bindings is made one, from bars cross section 94x57 mm. For water drain in the bottom strapping of the box from above, the groove is made with outdoor output.

Glasses are put on a double dressing, are attached to the strokes. The windows board is set in the usual way.

The vertical and horizontal cuts of the paired overpayment, as well as the interface of the binding with the box is shown in Fig. nine.

Fig. 9. Vertical, horizontal cuts and interfaces of binding with a box in a paired binding: a- vertical cut; B.- horizontal cut; in- interface of the binding with the box; 1 - Box bar; 2 - impost; 3 - solution; 4 - elastic gasket; 5 - sash; 6.- installation of glasses on a solid layer of smelting; 7 - Strapboard; S - windows board; 9 - insulation; 10 - outdoor drain; 11 - Wooden tump; 12 - slot in Lower Broke (for water removal)

Fit-tops

The finished reels are simple and with the window. In the manufacture of finished bindings, foals are arranged along the lower bars of the sash and on the lower framuga bar. This is done in order to prevent the possible watering of water from Framuga to the top bars of sash.

IN this example We will consider the bindings opening in the room. To decorate bruises of bars, profiled with climbs are used.

The technique and the procedure for the manufacture of bindings remain the same. First, the material is bought, plasten rectangular bars, spend risks, wash the spikes and eyeles, performing them with the nests. Then choose False and Kalevki. After that, they produce assembly of sash and framug, first dry with checking, trimming and stripping, and then glue. After drying, gripening and correction produce.

It is necessary to specifically indicate that in the manufacture of sashs, their height is made by 10-15 mm more than the data in the drawing. In addition, one sash is made on the same amount wider. These allowances are needed to sample the forth quarters between sash and sash with Framuga. Often, for this purpose increase the height of fraumuga.

Feeds of sash and fraamuga are performed using zenzubel, pre-secure the sash or fraamuga in the workbench side box.

To make it easier to open and tightly close the bounds, in the outer edges of the side and medium sash, and the vessels are made.

After performing the focus, proceed to the selection of the groove for fastening the casting in the sash and Framuga. The tint is fixed on glue and additionally on screws or nails. The ends of the firm of framugues are straight, and on the sashs along the edges are cut onto the coal at an angle of 45 °, and in the focus - at an angle of 60 °. Nashchelniki are fixed with nails or screws.

The concrete binding with the parts and the entrance is shown in Fig. 10. The outer edges of the strapping are adoraplified during a fit of the binding into place, i.e. in the box.

The designs of window frames (binding) are very diverse. Basically, the choice of one or another design depends on the desire and taste of the owner of the future at home, from traditions and opportunities.

Tree is traditional natural Material in the manufacture.

Making wooden window Rama May do their own hands.

Of course, this process requires certain skills and knowledge, but someone who has a huge desire to do everything with their own hands, construction workEven the manufacturer of the window. The window frame with their own hands requires the masters of special accuracy and accuracy in the manufacture.

Another important factor when choosing a window structure is the size of the window, the location of the structure and what the floor will be located on the window. Making window frames with their own hands, you guarantee the uniqueness and individuality of your windows.

Designs

The design of window bakes are divided into several types.

The design of window bindings is divided into the following types:

deaf bindings;
fit (opening) - sash can be a different amount (from 1 to 3);
lifting;
sliding;
from additional installation Framuga or subcords (one or more).

Wooden windows of a native character are most often performed using three elements. These are two opening flaps and firmly fixed on them. Framuga can be deaf, opening or missing at all.

Composite parts of the sash and framugues windows are strapping (upper, lower and side) and hills (impos). For angular connection The straps are used by a double spike, and for connecting hills with strapping - a single spike on the adhesive, applying for a more reliable fastening bent.

The manufacturing process requires the masters of certain skills and knowledge, as well as accuracy and accuracy. But to someone who has a great desire to do everything with their own hands, for the power of any kind of construction work.

Before starting making, prepare the necessary tools:

reysmaus;
chisel;
construction knife;
hacksaw;
sandpaper (for stripping);
screwdriver or electric drills with nozzles;
plane;
corolnic;
pencil or marker;
rule or roulette.

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Manufacturing technology

In order to make wooden window bindings, it is necessary to pick up bars (square or rectangular) of proper quality. They must be dry and not have bitch. The quality of the manufactured frames should be on high levelSince they are of great importance while maintaining heat in the house.

Profiles for windows with one and two glasses

First of all, it is necessary to qualitatively handle the bar on one side.
Then, with the help of a flight to schedule risks to the second, as well as third parties. The fourth side to align on the planned risks, applying planing.
After that, you can perform planing the second side. It is important to achieve direct corners between the sides of the bar.
Next, using the flight, it is necessary to place the first and fourth sides, after which the planing of the third side of the bar.
Now that all bars are processed in this way, you can proceed to the folding device. The folding device is performed so that their location is in the same plane in the finished frame. Otherwise, there will be no need for glass seal.

What size will be false, directly depends on the type of seal and glass, more precisely, its thickness. If the seal will be used as a seal, the folders need to be wider than when used as a smelting seal.

Another factor affecting the size of the folds is the thickness of the brucks of the strapping, as well as horses. Do not forget that too narrow folders will easily skip the wind.

Connections in which spikes are used are exposed to a particularly careful execution, such that allows high density Details enter each other, do not allow gaps and distortions. For the manufacture of (drinking), spikes are used with a shallow and narrow blade.

When assembling the design of the window, special attention should be paid to the corners of the compound of parts. Perpendicular position is checked with a square. Outdoor sash, which have a width of more than 700 mm, are fastened with metal square meters.

The compound can be performed both from the side of the space between the windows and from the outside. If the binders wear a summer character, then the apartments are located on the inside.

In the process of manufacture, in those places where there is a mutual adjuncing of the flaps and Framug, it is necessary to choose a quarter that make it difficult to blow through the focus. The sash is treated with nicknames that close the gaps of the fabrics.

To reduce air penetration into the house, the seal has a seal around the perimeter in the frame. It may be foam rubber, spongy tires, cord and so on.

If there are sash, forms or framugues of an external character in the frame design, the lower strapping must be made with a groove and a tide, that is, a dropper intended for collecting droplets flowing along the glass.

When performing action on the assembly and adjustment of the binding, pay attention to a sufficiently dense fit of the anticipates between themselves and in relation to the box, more precisely, to its quarters. If this is not done, then dust will fall into the house, and in the cold season, create heat leakage.

To reduce air penetration into the house, the seal has a seal around the perimeter in the frame. It may be foam rubber, spongy tires, cord and so on. The main thing is that this sealer possesses such properties as elasticity, durability and strength. For the same goals, naschelniki use.

The boundaries can be a whole frame, separated by slopes into several parts (glasses), of two sash or two sash and framuga. Frames and furniture can be with the windows and without them. Sometimes the vents replaces the opening framuga. Many prefer to make frames opening.

Wood for the manufacture of the binding should be dry, from coniferous rocks. Very durable bindings - from oak wood, but it is very difficult to handle it.

Reps consist of bars and cakes, most often rectangular and less frequent square with selected folders (quarters) of small size

for glass. Bruks and hills are connected with each other with spikes and faces or spikes and nests.

Prepare bars so. At first they plane one side of the bar, then the reysmus is risks (thin lines) on the second and third parties, and they plane on them the fourth side. After that, under the carbon plasten the second side and risks are applied to it for a third party risk (Fig. 3).

Deaf ups from rectangular bars

Consist from the upper, lower and two vertical bars and two hills (horizontal and vertical), which divide the binding into separate parts or glass (Fig. 4). In nodes 1 and 3, the bars are connected using double spikes and faces, and in the node 2 spike and socket. To do this, on the divergent bars, they first spend risks using a flight or comb for spikes, faces, nests, folds, determine the width of the bars in the connection points "on the US". In the width of the bar, the risks are applied with the help of the square. On vertical bars, it is customary to do eyelands, on horizontal - spikes (Fig. 5).

Risks drank wood for spikes and faces. Much depends on the accuracy of the shocks: it is possible through and thicker spikes than the width of the faces, which can lead to splitting of bars. If the spikes are thinner than the hole of the eye, the connection will be fragile. Washing the spikes and eyeles, you need to follow the following rules: the saw should go around the risks, but the risk itself should not be affected. Therefore, it was accepted by a saw, that is, her teeth, to lead during a shock near risks at a distance from it about 0.1 mm. When stamped spikes, the cutting line should go from the outside from the spike, and when the sheds are dish, with the inner (Fig. 6). Washing the spikes and eyelets from the side of each spike detail, spill the cheeks and hollow out the unnecessary wood between the spikes, removing the chips with a thickness of no more than 5 mm. The pears are not spilled in the peins, but choose wood in two propilms, i.e. between the extreme and middle rugs. Then we clean the nests, eyeles and spikes, selected selected, and if required, and calevice. The width of the folds should correspond to the edge of the spike and eyelashes, and they themselves must be in the same plane and do not require additional corrections (Fig. 7).

After fragmentation of foldings, the width of the faces and spikes becomes different, and they are loosely adjacent to each other. To avoid this, protruding in the spikes and lylish, part of the wood is cut off "on the US" at an angle of 45 o (Fig. 8).

If the spikes are tightly included in the eyes, they are slightly screwed down by the chisel, the chamfer is removed. After the assembly, the binding is checked on rectangles with the help of the coated and the rail, applying it diagonally.

After checking the details of the binding, they will sweat, disassemble and collected again, but already on the glue. Then the binding is checked by the coated, fastened in the complications, drill in compounds, locations of spikes and holes of the hole with a diameter of 8-10 mm and scored in them onto the adhesive.

After a few hours, the boundaries are dried by two-three days, then cutting the protruding coppings and cleaned. False must be strictly in the same plane. If this is not, they have to be cleaned with the help of an acute chisel.

From the outdoor side of the lower bar of the binding or sash, they put out (protruding bars) to remove water from the walls. At the bottom of the way, choose a groove - a tear, placing it with 10 mm from the edge. The tump is not on the glue (it will quickly collapse from the water), and on oil paintBy attaching it with screws or gluing epoxy glue. It is more firmly, and through the gap between the tint and the bruise of the binding will not be on the box and the walls to fall from the windows of rain or snow water.

First plane rectangular bars, spend risks for spikes, faces, nests, folds and chamdes. Wrapped with spikes, eyelashes and selected selected, wood from spikes and faces, slot dumps and only after that they remove the champions or take calens (Fig. 9). The remaining work is performed in the same sequence as when assembling deaf bindings.

Reps with the window (Fig. 10) are usually manufactured, and only for the submarines in the bars are chosen a quarter and install an additional bar. If the velocities open the inside of the room, a quarter can be made overhead, attaching rails with nails or screws. If you need a fortage that opens outwards, the folds in the binding deepen the chisel under the size of the window and put an additional bar.

Footages have a sleek airliner with a quarter or from the outlook that reduces the injection. Quarter is painted, and the flowfield is stuffed from individual regions. The fortage fit on single spikes, which are also suitable in horizontal bars.

Footings opening in different directions have the same dimensions, and those opening in one direction (inside) in the summer binding should be less than in the winter.

Fit-tops

Consist of two sash or two sash and fraamuga. May be with the windows and without them. On the lower bars of the sash and on Framuget are cast. In such bindings, special attention should be paid to the device to the device, on the accuracy of which the degree of purgeness depends (Fig. 11). Naschelniks are additionally attached to the antiques. To obtain the forth, the flaps are made by 10-15 mm more than the size between the quarters in the box. One sash on the same magnitude is wider. This is necessary for obtaining a container, which in the middle has a 2 mm clearance, and at the edges - 1 mm (given on the paint layer). At the ends of the flaps are cut off "on the Us" at an angle of 45 o, in the pretext, at an angle of 60 o, in the fraumgi-ship by direct angle.

Manufacturing and installation of door frames

Boxes for stone and similar buildings make a thickness of 50 - 60 mm thick, 100 mm wide and more .. billets are plane in size, they choose a quarter of the door thickness and a width of 15 - 30 mm. Details are connected to each other with straight or oblique spikes strictly into the square.

Install the box in the same way as in the window openings. Lower bar must be strictly horizontally. Vertical bars are installed on the carbon, wraver or level. The aligned box is fixed with wedges, and then with rods, drive them into the laying seams or wooden bolsters.

Wooden boxes for chopped wooden buildings Make a square or rectangular brucks. They are plane to desired size; In vertical bars, quench, grooves, spikes and eyeles are chosen.

Down the doorway usually lays a thicker log, which serves as the lower bar or threshold. Before laying, the top of it is shy strictly horizontally and choose. Quantity. The swords cut into the walls, and in nizhny bus Dump sockets where bars are inserted. In the upper ends of the vertical bars make eyelashes, and in the upper bar - spikes. Install details door box Just like the window. The top bar is temporarily secured by wedges, and the gaps are pacles. The box is checked by a outer or level; It should be assembled precisely to the square.

Boxes for interior doors - less. Massive. They can consist of three or four bars. Fasten them to racks, most often nails. If a box of three bars, then the vertical at the bottom is fixed to the beam or to the floor with spikes. The slots between the boxes and walls or partitions are covered with platbands.

The bounds can be deaf (in the form of a whole frame) and open, with the windows and without them, consist of only two sash or two sashs and fraamuga.

Fig. 62. Brusque slaughter sequence

Fig. 63. Deaf binding (frame) and its details:

but. b, in -nodes; one, 4 - hill; 2, 3 -bruks; five - falves

Made the bars from bars and hills, more often rectangular and less frequently square shape with selected folders (quarters of small size) for glass. Connect bars with each other with eyeles and spikes.

The bindings are presented particularly strict requirements, since even through well-made protesters leaves the room a lot of heat.

The shells of the binding should help as close as possible to each other or quarters of the box. Brucky spike connections should also be dense. The nests under the loop you are-reserve exactly that the loops fit into them tightly.

Deaf ups from rectangular bars consist of upper, lower, two side bars and two hills (horizontal and vertical), which divide the binding to separate parts (Fig. 63). In nodes ive.bruks are connected by spikes and eyeles, and in the node b.- spike and nest.

Fig. 64. Holding rinks on binding bars:

a - risks; b - holding rink by reysmus; in- holding rinks with a comb; g -holding in the coal; 1 - risks for trimming "on the mustache"; 2 - risks for ships and lying risks; 3 - risks for sampling of fold; 4 - pins; 5 - Risk

Fig. 65. Procedure for dumping spikes and faces:

1 - spookil; 2 - Saw blade; 3 - detail of the eye; 4 - risks; 5 - detail of spike

Fig. 66. Singing Faltsev

Risks (Fig. 64) are applied on the sided bars for spikes, faces, nests, folds, determine the width of the trimming of bars "on the Us" in the places of their adjoining to each other. In the width of the bar, the risks are applied with the help of a square, along the length - with the help of a flight or a comb - a piece of bar with a cut and nailed nails. In the vertical bars it is customary to do eyelands, in horizontal - spikes.

Risks are healing spikes and eyes. Much depends on the accuracy of the shock. It is impossible, for example, to allow distortions or thicker than the width of the faces, spikes, as it can lead to the splitting of the bar. If the spikes are thinner, the connection will be fragile.

When the teeth of the saw blade should be risks, but the risk itself should not be affected. The saw should go from the risks of 1/4 of its thickness (approximately 0.1 mm). When stamped spikes, the cut line should go from the outside, and during the dish, with the inner (Fig. 65).

Washing the spikes and eyelets from the side of each spike detail, spill the cheeks and hollow out unnecessary wood, removing the chips with a thickness of no more than 5 mm. Then cleaned the nests; Drains, spikes, selected folders, and if required, and calevice. The width of the folds must correspond to the edge of the spike and eyelashes, and they themselves should be in the same plane and do not require additional corrections (Fig. 66).

After the selection of folds, the width of the faces and spikes becomes different, so they are loosely adjacent to each other. To avoid this, protruding in the places of spikes and sings of the wood cut off "on the Us" at an angle of 45 ° (Fig. 67).

Fig. 67. Cutting cheeks and trimming "on the Us":

a - Cut the cheeks; B - trimming "on the Us" surface detail; in -finished spike detail

Fig. 68. Brucks from the facial removed:

but. - general view of BRUSE; b - holding rice; in- Putil lines; g.- spike and processed details; d -assembly node; 1 - putil lines; 2 - spike; 3- - eyelet; 4 - Falves

If the spikes are tightly included in the eyes, they are slightly screwed down by the chisel, the chamfer is removed. After the assembly, the binding is checked on the rectangle of the coated and rack, applying them diagonally. Details of the binding are taken, disassemble and collected again, but already on the glue. Then the binding is checked by the coated, fixed in the squeezes, drilled in the holes of the hole with a diameter of 8 - 10 mm and scored in them on the adhesive. Drown in a few hours of compressive, the bindings are dried by two-three days, then cleaned, cutting out protruding brazenings, customize the folds that should be strictly in the same plane.

From the outdoor side of the lower bar of the binding or sash, they put flexible to remove water from the walls. At the bottom of the mound choose a groove-tear, placing it with 10 mm from the edge.

You can choose a shallow groove in Bruke and put the tide not on the glue, but on the oil dense paint, attaching it with screws. It is more firmly, and water does not penetrate through the gap.

Fig. 69. Forks with a window:

a-binding with the window; 6 - overhead bar in binding; in -selection of a fold; g -fixes: d-fortochka; 1, 3, 4 - Mountains for the window; 2 - quarter for the window. 5, 6- overhead bars; 7 - Fortochka with a smooth entrance; 8 - fortoper with a quarter; 9 - fortoper with flood

Brucks from the facial removed (Fig. 68.) are manufactured in such a sequence. At the prepared rectangular bruks, risks for spikes, faces, nests, folds and chamdes are applied. Wash the spikes, eyelands and select the folds, choose wood from spikes and lylish, dump sockets and only after that they remove the champions or take calens. The remaining work is performed in the same sequence as when assembling deaf bindings. Forks with a window (Fig. 69) are manufactured as other bounds, and only for the window is installed an additional bar. For the forth the window you need a quarter. If the velocities are opening inside the room, a quarter can be made overhead, attaching the rails-mappings or screws (Fig. 69.6). If you need a fortietha, opening outwards that are in the binding False deepen the chisel to the sizes of the window and put an additional bar (Fig. 69, B).

Fig. 70. Folding binding:

1 - lowers; 2 - transom; 3 - Fortochka; 4 - sash; 5 - Nachchelik

Fig. 71. Feed Sophies

Footings have a smooth primer, C-quarter or from the outlook (Fig. 69, d), which reduces purge. Quarter is painted, and the flowfield is stuffed from individual regions. The fortage fit on single, but better on double spikes, which are also suitable in horizontal bars. The sizes of the window and the general view of it are shown in Figure 69, d.

The vents opening in different directions have the same dimensions, and one way (inside) in summertime should be less than in the winter.

Fit-tops(Fig. 70) consist of two sash or two sash and fraamuga. May be with the windows and without them. On the lower vessels of the sash and on Framuget, they put foals. In the manufacture, special attention is paid to the device (Fig. 71), on the accuracy of which the degree of purgeness depends on the accuracy. Naschelniks are additionally attached to the feeders. The sizes should be 10-15 mm more than those specified in the drawing, and one sash to the same value is wider. This is necessary to obtain a gap, which in the middle has a 2 mm gap, and at the edges - 1 mm.

After gluing and drying, the sash and framuhu are cleaned, the fasteners are torn, and then the grooves for low tide. At the ends of the flaps are cut off "on the US" at an angle of 45 °, in the focus - at an angle of 60 °, in gramuga - at right angles.

Fig. 72. Decorations:

a - binding; b.- Mountains and their connection