Impulsive type of personality. What is impulsiveness

The impulsivity factor relating to temperament and manifested by actions that are committed unexpectedly and inadequately circumstances.

A brief sensible psychological and psychiatric dictionary. Ed. igisheva. 2008.

Impulsiveness

The character trait expressed in the tendency to act without sufficient conscious control, under the influence of external circumstances or emotional experiences. As an age peculiarity manifests itself mainly in children of the age of preschool and school junior, which is due to the insufficient development of control over behavior. With normal development, such a form of impulsivity is quite successfully adjusted:

1 ) in the joint games of children, where the execution of role rules requires the containment of direct motivations and take into account the interests of other players;

2 ) Somewhat later - in the activities of the study.

Upon reaching the age of adolescence, the impulsivity can again manifest itself as an age peculiarity associated with an increase in excitability emotional at this age. Special tests and questionnaires are applied to the diagnosis of impulsion, for example, the impulsion questionnaire S. and X. Iizenkov.

Vocabulary practical psychologist. - M.: Ast, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998.

Impulsiveness Etymology.

Comes from Lat. Impulsus - push.

Category.

Trait.

Specificity.

The tendency to act without sufficient conscious control, under the influence of external circumstances or by virtue of emotional experiences.

Genesis.

As an age peculiarity, impulsiveness manifests itself mainly in children of preschool and younger school age, which is due to the insufficient formation of the behavior control function. In normal development, such a form of impulsiveness is quite optimally adjusted in the joint games of children in which the execution of role-playing rules requires the containment of their immediate motivations and take into account the interests of other players, as well as a slightly later learning activities. Upon reaching adolescent age, the impulsiveness may again manifest itself as a age-related feature, already associated with an increase in emotional excitability at this age.

Diagnostics.

Special tests and questionnaires are used to diagnose the impulsion, such as Matching Familiar Figure Test Cagan and the impulsion questionnaire X.Aisenka.

Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000.

IMPULSIVENESS

(eng. impulsivity; from lat. impulsio -push; in a figurative sense - the motivation, reason) - the peculiarity of human behavior (in sustainable forms - the character line), which consists in proponationact on the first impulse, under the influence of external circumstances or emotions. Impulsive man does not think of his acts, does not weigh all the "for" and "against", he quickly and directly reacts and is often as quickly repeated in his action. From I. should be distinguished, which also suggests a quick and energetic reaction, but is related to the situation and the adoption of the most appropriate and informed decisions. I. predominantly peculiar to children of preschool and partly junior school agein connection with the weakness of the control of his behavior inherent in this age. Joint gamespreschoolers, requiring the containment of immediate motivations, subordination to the rules of the game, accounting for the interests of other players, contribute to the overcoming of I. In the future, there is another major role in this regard . In adolescents, I. is often a consequence of increased emotional excitability, characteristic of this age. Senior schoolchildren and adults of I. are observed with a large fatigue, affect or some diseases of N. from. Cm. .

Addition Ed.:1. I. Together with an antonymic term "Reflexivity"indicates one of the intended measurements of complex construct "Cognitive Style". To identify and measure the I. Developed a number of tests and questionnaires, in particular Matching Familiar Figure TestKagan and the impulsion questionnaire S. and G. Iizenkov. When performing the test test, the subjects are classified by speed and accuracy of answers to 4 categories: decisive tasks slowly and accurately belong to the category "reflexive"; quickly and inaccurate - "impulsive"; Dr. Options (quickly and accurately and slowly inaccurately) form a pole characteristic, which is called "efficiency".

2. B. lately Another meaning of I. (and impulsive behavior) appeared - preference less valuable, but closer on the onset of the onset (less delayed) reinforcement: "Better the tit in the hands than the crane in the sky." Vs. The choice (more delayed, but more valuable remuneration) is characterized by the term "self-control". Studies of these forms of behavior are conducted on animals and people. This value is permissible to designate the term "motivational I." (In order not to be confused with the "operating I." described above). (B. M.)

Great Psychological Dictionary. - M.: Prime-Evro. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, Acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .

Impulsiveness

   IMPULSIVENESS (from.261)

Self-control is not just an important dignity of personality, but, essentially, prerequisite Normal life and communication. Not only does not own a person who does not cause sympathy among others; It sometimes falls into awkward and unpleasant situations due to insufficient self-control. And vice versa: the one who can compete his motives with the requirements of the situation and public standards is achieved great success on life path And he deserves universal respect.

Parents, of course, would like their child to go on the second path and learned to own himself. Everyone knows on his own experience, which is not always reasonable and useful to succumb to suddenly arising. No one wants his child to become a slave of his moods. We strive from the small years to instill a child sober and suspended behavior, appealing to his mind and common sense. Alas, it is almost never possible to the extent that I would like. Children often behave impulsively and spontaneously, in no way agree to measure seven times, then cut off. Particularly said belongs to preschoolers. But the schoolchildren sometimes grieve parents and teachers are unreasonable, hasty actions. In fact, this is a common misfortune that many adults takes out of themselves (after all, it is a children's impulsiveness often underlies what is customary to regard as whims, disobedience, etc.). Is it possible and do you need to take some measures in this regard? If so, what?

To begin with, let's try to imagine psychological mechanism Selfontrol. This is one of those abilities that significantly distinguishes a person from animals and allows him to take the right to take the highest level in an evolutionary hierarchy. The behavior of animals is dictated mainly by the simplest motivations. Only at sufficiently high levels of evolution appears the ability to more or less arbitrarily regulate their actions.

This experiment is indicative. The hungry animal (chicken) was placed in front of a transparent obstacle in the form of a M-shaped plexiglass wall. Behind the wall lay the food bait. After seeing her, the chicken was rushed forward, stumbled upon the barrier, but again and again made unsuccessful attempts to achieve the goal. Animals on more high level Organizations (dogs), pretty quickly found the opportunity to get around the barrier. True, the barrarity device forced for a short time to turn to the bait back and release it from the field of view. Only enough highly organized animals were capable of it.

The experience described is visual, although a very simplified illustration of the mechanism of arbitrary regulation of behavior. The spontaneous pulse pushes forward, to the target, although it is often immediately becoming clear that such a straight goal is not to achieve, you can also bother (sometimes it is known in advance). Only a partly by respiring the ariser arising and even for a while "turning out" from the goal, you can find a workaround, but acceptable and reliable way. The ability to do not occur immediately both on the evolutionary staircase and in individual Development Child. The baby simply does not know any other behavioral regulators except their needs. Only over time the world opens in all the variety and complexity that he gradually begins to take into account.

No one will argue that the psychological world of the child is different than the world of an adult. Before you master the skills of conscious behavior, the child must pass the famous path. And we, adults, in each case you need to make aware of which site of this path is a child. Parents sometimes hurry the events and believe that if the baby has learned to keep the spoon and lack boots as an adult, then and otherwise he must behave "right." BUT small child This is also not able. And it is impossible to force it, you can only teach, and gradually, consistent with the rhythm of his steps on the life path.

There are objective, purely natural factorsnot allowing to require a small child of complete arbitrariness of behavior. In the first six to seven years of life, the process of active formation of the Central nervous system (It continues in subsequent years, but is already less pronounced and actively). In early I. preschool age In the brain, the nervous excitement noticeably dominates braking; Their famous balance is achieved only about seven-eight years. In other words, the child has not yet formed that psychophysiological mechanism, which would allow to suppress and regulate spontaneously emerging impulses. Therefore, parents requiring complete self-control preschooler must realize that they wish impossible. You can, of course, rigidly extinguish the child in such a way that the regulatory brake will be a permanent challenge to punishment. But parents, sincerely loving their children, will never agree to go on this path.

The lack of arbitrary regulation of behavior, such an annoying in an adult man, at a certain stage of the development of the child acts its natural age feature. And with this feature, we like it or not, you have to be considered. The power plant of "rational" behavior is not only unpromising, but also is fraught with serious emotional and behavioral problems.

Thus, in the first years of the child's life, its impulsiveness is natural and practically does not give in to correction.

Does this mean that parents can sit back in anticipation when their child itself will grow to a well-known deadline to conscious discipline? No, it is, of course, primitive and incorrect simplification. Refusing to influence the child (if it is possible at all), we never get conscious and sober behavior. Without having to hold the habit of keeping yourself, a person can stay a blank float, aimlessly faded in life whirlpool. How does he gain the necessary skills?

Adults must be aware that a small child is not yet quite capable of arbitraryly regulate their behavior. Therefore, the function of the regulator originally belongs to the adult, in the first months of life - fully. As the child develops, the adult has the right to expect a gradual redistribution of responsibilities. But it is notable to repeat: these expectations should not be hasty and excessive. The formation of arbitrary regulation of behavior is a gradual process, and must be patient to follow its tempo. Useless attempts to speed up it. However, it is unacceptable and to let the process on samonek: so just nothing will come. The influence on the child is not to decide everything for him, and not to prematurely require him of his own personal responsibility. Directing the steps of the child, the adult gradually shifts the responsibility on him (after all, immediately the baby does not master the fullness of such a cargo!). The main thing in this process is the phased formation of the ability to proportionate its motives and the likely results, actions and consequences. In each specific situation Adults should encourage the right steps of the child, once over time giving him to understand the need to take into account various conditionsrules and circumstances. Any other path leads in another, alas, an undesirable direction.

Popular psychological encyclopedia. - M.: Eksmo. S.S. Stepanov. 2005.

Synonyms:

Watch what is "impulsiveness" in other dictionaries:

Impulsiveness - Damage of character, expressed in the tendency to act without sufficient conscious control, under the influence of external circumstances or by virtue of emotional experiences. As an age peculiarity, the impulsiveness is manifested by the advantage ... Psychological Dictionary

impulsiveness - Pryingness, nervousness, sharpness, involuntary dictionary of Russian synonyms. The impulsiveness of it is., Number of synonyms: 5 explosive character (1) ... Synonym dictionary

IMPULSIVENESS - impulsiveness, impulsivity, mn. No, wives (Book.). Distractors. SUD To impulsive. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov

impulsiveness - impulsive, Aya, OE; veins, VNA (book.). Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Swedov. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

IMPULSIVENESS - (from lat. im.pu.l sivus proven) English. impulsivity; it. Impulsivitat. The trait of character, manifested in incontinence, the tendency to act on the first motive. I. may be a consequence of the absence of self-control, age characteristics and ... ... Encyclopedia of sociology

Greetings, my dear readers! Have you ever met such people who very quickly change their opinion, it is easily moving from joy to anger, and their smile is instantly replaced by ruffles? What does impulsive person mean, what is his strengths and weak sides And how best to establish contact with such a person? Today I will answer all these questions and tell me how you be if you suffer from your impulsivity.

pros

Most often, if you are telling "he impulsive man," then you will initially relate to it with a slight touch of negative. Why is this happening?

Because the impulsivity is more related to the negative assessment: unreliability, ambiguity, quick temper, irritability, and so on. But we will talk about the shortcomings later. Let's try to figure out strong sides impulsive man.

Impulsive character allows a person to quickly make decisions. After all, most often such people quickly respond to external circumstances. Thus, we get a person who will be perfectly adjusted under a rapidly changing atmosphere.

Fast decision making, in turn, develops intuition, which strongly helps in life. Agree, a person with a more developed intuition is more likely to succeed. What skill can be compared with intuition? Perhaps no.

You immediately recognize what emotion is experiencing a momentum. You met such people on the face that nothing is written and it is absolutely impossible to understand what they feel now? With a impulsive person, this can not happen.

If he is angry, then you will understand it perfectly. And the better you understand other people's emotions, it is easier for you to communicate with a person. Therefore, when such a person is angry, you can simply not approach him at that moment. And wait until he comes in a calm and balanced state.

Impulsive man bad liar. To perfectly lie, you need to possess composure, calmness. The emotional person will surely miss and will not bring a lie to the end. Therefore, most often such people do not even resort to lies. Suspicious manipulations will be clearly visible in their behavior.

Minuses

However, with all its strengths, impulsive people have a number of problems. Making impulsive actions, a person can make a mistake due to the fact that he thought poorly, did not consider all the options possible consequences. Rapid decision making unambiguously helps, but not in all situations.

Such people are dangerous to their lightning change of mood and not always clear who is the cause of anger or sadness. The person subconsciously seeks to order, constant. Therefore, communication with similar emotional people can annoy and output.

Emotional people and the truth often summarize. You agreed to meet, everyone prepared for it, spent time, strength, and maybe money. But the person did not come, just because he had changed his mind. Insecurity, perhaps the strongest minus impulsive person.

With such a person very problematic to be in romantic relationship. Today, he is in love without memory, and tomorrow they are angry with a trifle, after a couple of hours is offended, and in a second it kisses hard.

How to interact with impulsive person

Understand the impulsive person is not as hard as it may seem at first glance. There are things that bring it out of themselves, there are those that bring joy and happiness. And since he does not hide his emotions, then the observant person will quickly understand what exactly should not be done or talking.

In communication S. emotional person There are also its advantages. For example, such people more often agree to adventurous proposals, they are more readily performed trip around the world Or go with you in the mountains. But also to abandon the venture, they can easily at the last moment.

Do not pin down large hopes For a promise such people. Their mood will change, they can change their mind. Therefore, listening stands, but not to trust entirely and completely. After all, it all depends on the mood and emotional state.

But an impulsive man rarely acts as an aggressor, in contrast, for example, from mentally unbalanced. If you caught the second option and you absolutely do not understand how to interact with it, then you will use the article "". Communication with such a person is necessary with special caution.

Impulsiveness is not bad and not good. It has both positive and negative moments.

If you are an impulsive person, then you have the opportunity to use your strengths, but at the same time do not forget about working on your weak parties.

Do you quickly make decisions? What can you withdraw from yourself and how fast will it happen? Do you easily forgive the resentment? Do you think yourself with an emotional person?

Best wishes to you!

"I just have to buy it, it is impossible to resist!" "I regret that I said this ..."Familiar? Such words we hear daily and often pronounce them. Can we automatically adjust or control our actions, words and actions, i.e. To what extent we are able to restrain their emotions and gust and resist them? In this article, you will learn that there is a impulsiveness and what causes and symptoms of impulsive behavior. We also describe how to estimate the level of impulsivity.

Impulsiveness and causes of impulsive behavior

What is impulsiveness? Impulsivity is a feature of the behavior and perception of the surrounding world, expressed in tendency to act and respond to an event, situation or internal experiences quickly and rapidly Under the influence of emotions or circumstances. At the same time, the main feature is analytical judgment error in which the consequences of their actions are not evaluatedThat often leads to the fact that in the future impulsive man repents in his actions.

Causes of impulsive behavior

Neurotective with PET ( positron emission tomography) I discovered the way for which the impetus or thought passes in the brain, turning into a recurring compulsion, and explained why some people are so it is difficult to control the impact or long-term goal in exchange for remuneration or long-term goal.

What are the causes of impulsive behavior? Impulsiveness or impulsive behavior are closely related to - substance involved in training and remuneration processes.

In other words, in order to obtain a speedy remuneration, some deviation occurs in the work of the brain nuclei responsible for the analysis and adoption of the most appropriate situations and deliberate decisions. Joshua Bukholts scientist from Vanderbilt University in 2009 suggested that impulsive people have lowered the number of dopamine receptors in the field of medium brain associated with the ability to make logical and deliberate decisions, which can also increase the risk of depression and impulsive behavior. Those. The smaller the number of active dopamine receptors in the midbrain area, where the synthesizing dopamine neurons are located, the more dopamine is allocated and the greater the degree of impulsivity.

Very often impulsive people repent in their behavior, without stopping it. Often it becomes repeated and compulsive, as in case of addiction to psychoactive substances, gambling, compulsive shopping, smoking, alcohol, etc.

Symptoms of impulsiveness

On the other hand, a number of researchers ( Michalczuk, Bowden-Jones, Verdejo García, Clark, 2011) called the four main characteristics of the impulsiveness:

• Inability to plan and forecasting: acting under the influence of impulses, we cannot foresee the expected and logical consequences, any result is a "surprise".
• Low control level: Another cigarette, a piece of cake, inappropriate comment ... "without brakes" and self-control.
• Insufficient perseverance: , posting uninteresting tasks. Just search for bright and sharp emotions.
• Constant search for new impressions and need for their urgent receiptSuch a tendency to act under the influence of intensive positive or negative emotions and states distorting the ability to make weighted alternative solutions and thereby avoid permanent repentance and remorse of conscience, very typical for impulsive people.

Pulses are there different species And have different consequences - compare: eat extra piece of cake and steal something, break or harm yourself or others.

Please note the key role in this case plays emotional conditionat the same time considered above the processes that occur in the brain provoke Appearance emotions that attain the perception of realityAnd the desire by all means to get them becomes insurmountable.

How is the impulsiveness diagnose?

If you are characterized by a similar emotional state and you suffer from its consequences, not to mention that it can be associated with other serious disorders, such as, ADHD or Parkinson's disease, it is necessary to contact a specialist for diagnostics, which will determine the severity and The type of impulsive behavior and will offer effective therapeutic measures (including psychotropic drugs), tools and special tests. In addition, you can also pass the neuropsychological testing of Cognifit, which will be added in the diagnosis of a specialist.

Translation of Anna Inozemesevoye

Sources

Celma Merola, Jaume. Bases Teóricas Y Clínica del Comportamiento Impulsive. Colección Digital Professionalidad. ED. San Juan de Dios. Barcelona (2015).

Shalev, I., & Sulkowski, M.L. (2009). Relations Between Distinct Asperts of Self-Regulation to Symptoms of Impulsivity and Compulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 47,84-88.

Why Are you so impulsive? Self-Regulation and Symptoms of Impulsivity. Timothy a pychyl ph.d. DON'T DELAY. Psychology Today, Posted Jun 23, 2009

Yerofeevskaya Natalia.

We are all different people: some consider granted and comfortable weighing every living step repeatedly, others are able to take serious, which determine the course of the lifetime of the decision on the fly. In a wide range of bright human character traits, impulsiveness is distinguished - this is a specific personality to speedy and rapid acts, when only own motives, emotions, circumstances and people are taken alongside the basis.

Surely, each in his own surroundings met such a person: he does not think of his actions, speech, decisions, instantly reacts to the circumstances and actions of other people, but this hasty often makes him repent in his own behavior. The impulsivity is characteristic of children - preschoolers or young school children can not give an adequate assessment by their actions, and therefore they are not much bothering over their thinking. For adolescents, impulsiveness can be the consequence of increased emotional and hormonal excitability. The impulsivity of adults is manifested in neurosis, overwork, affect condition and in certain diseases.

The impulsivity is different and, depending on the degree of manifestation, is able to deliver a slight inconvenience to its owner or become a real problem of his life and environment. Impulsive behavior varies from easy manifestation of discontent, spelliness of solutions and rapid return of self-control to painful impulsive manifestations:

kleptomania (thrust to theft);
gambling (attractions to gambling);
fetishism and other manifestations of impulsive sexual behavior;
anorexia or, on the contrary, overeating, etc.

Pulsive man

Weigh all "for" and "against"? - No, it is not about a impulsive person. And he is still not even a fleeting thinking of his actions, and this factor is distinguished by a impulsive personality from the identity of decisive. In both cases, there is a quick and energetic reaction, that's just for impulsive people, it is rather with a minus sign than plus, - as fast as they do, they repent in their rash and inexpedient acts.

How to understand that you are an impulsive person? There are several signs that determine the manifestations and inclination to impulsiveness:

previously imperceptible in the environment, things and people begin to annoy;
emerging neurosis, stress, the inability to cope with its own excited psychological state;
"Get off from the floor" - now is not a problem at all;
- from melancholy to unreasonable aggression;
after a successful manifestation of a rapid act or caused by the impulsiveness of actions, a person feels satisfied.

If impulsiveness begins to create serious problems that a person cannot cope with own forcesIt is recommended to apply for specialized help. Psychologists and psychotherapists will be able to professionally assess the patient's condition, and questionnaires and tests specify the problem. With obese a person, impulsivity certainly must be struggling: it lines relationships with others and increase the quality of human life. With serious problems and in accordance with the impulsion caused by the causes of medical professionals, the individual (under the personal characteristics of the patient) method of treatment will be recommended.

Female impulsiveness

If you look at the gender sign, the women are mostly impulsive and this is explained: emotional, without sufficient conscious control, they drive their own impulses without logical planning of consequences. This applies not to every girl or a woman: some reasonable ladies when buying a fiftieth blouse are placed twenty even twenty, and, for example, his own baby in the stroller adds a woman a sense of responsibility, forcing mommy to work on himself.

Women - creatures are emotionally, rather than men, and therefore more susceptible to psycho-emotional state, which is impulsiveness. For women, and for any other person, impulsiveness can create considerable problems at work, in close relationship, in raising children - negative impulsiveness requires "to release steam", and therefore a impulsive person (regardless of gender) is recommended to understand the reasons The emergence of this state and learn to own them.

How to get rid of impulsiveness?

If you do not pay attention to the first signs of impulsivity, it is in short time It will turn into a stumbling line and will become a stumbling block in relations with other people - they are not interested in the cause, they see only unpleasant manifestation. What to do with impulsiveness and how to get rid of it? We offer frequent ways:

Removal nervous tension And the struggle with stress: meditation, SPA-procedures and massages, pleasant hobbies, sports and visits to the pool, even shopping - everything that will allow you to return the emotional state in the same channel and will not allow the genu impulsiveness to break out the outward.
It is recommended to put specific achievable targets for the end time: you need repair in the apartment, but there is no money? - repair the apartment gradually; Once going with a child in the water park? - The walk in the nearest ski park will become a successful alternative; "Delivered" relatives and friends? - Disconnect the phone after 21 hours and enjoy or book.

3. The impulsivity is capable of manifesting themselves due to a banal lack of time: the infinite requests of relatives, the requirements of the authorities that require attention to their attention - where is all this to find the necessary time? And that's even a focusing woman turns into a waded monkey, which is once even in the mirror to see. When is it here to sit down and calmly think about the affairs of the urgent? In this case, healthy egoism will help:

relatives can be safely explained that they themselves are able to choose a new leash for a dog in the store;
with the boss, we will not argue much, but an adequate superior person will listen to healthy arguments and take note;
there are no children to the side, but for them for sure there will be an interesting lesson who can take children's brains and hands at least for a couple of hours.

4. And impulsiveness - the concepts somewhat peacefully adjacent exactly until the latter develops to quick temper and hysteria. Psychologists in such cases are recommended to repel from the root causes (lack of attention and sex, the fear of losing such close man etc.) and talk with a partner about the emergence of problems in relations.

5. Find the pathogen of the problem that causing this condition: it certainly has, and when it is eliminated, the emotional background will become calmer and balanced, and the rationality of thought and actions will not make himself wait.

In any case, it should be remembered: impulsiveness is not a disease with a critical diagnosis, but an emotional and mental state of personality, which may occur under the influence of circumstances and the environment in each. The impulsivity depending on the situation becomes defense or goes into an attack and aggression. She suddenly arises, and just as suddenly leaves. It is easily provoked, but obeys control if working on its own behavior.

March 25, 2014.