What does the word rhetorical question mean. Rhetorical question: how, when and why use it

Presenting a statement that does not require a response.

In fact, a rhetorical question - This is a question, the answer to which is not required or is not expected due to its extreme evidence for the speaker. In any case, the questional statement implies well-defined, a well-known answer, so that the rhetorical question is, in fact, is an approval made in the question of the question. For example, asking a question "How many more will we endure this injustice?" does not expect a response, but wants to emphasize that "We suffer injustice, and for too long" And as if hinting that "It's time to stop it to endure and take something about this.".

The rhetorical question is used to enhance expressiveness (isolation, emphasis) of a phrase. Characteristic feature These revolutions are conventionality, that is, the use of grammatical and intonation of the issue in cases that, in essence, do not require it.

A rhetorical question, as well as rhetorical exclamation and rhetorical appeal, - peculiar speech revolutions that increase its expressiveness - so H. Figures. Distinctive feature These revolutions are their conventions, that is, the use of an inquiry, exclamation, etc. Intection in cases that essentially do not require it, thanks to which the phrase in which these revs are used, a particularly underlined shade takes place that enhances its expressiveness. So, a rhetorical question It is, in essence, the assertion expressed only in a questionnaire, which is why the answer to such a question is already known in advance.

Examples of rhetorical issues[ | ]

"And who are the judges?" (Griboedov, Alexander Sergeevich. "Mount from the mind")
"Where are you jumping, a proud horse, / And where do you lower your hooves?" (Pushkin. "Copper Horseman")
"And what Russian does not like quick ride?" (

I am not an answer to the question, but a statement. In essence, the rhetorical question is a question, the answer to which is not required or is not expected due to its extreme evidence. In any case, the questional statement implies well-defined, a well-known answer, so that the rhetorical question is, in fact, is an approval made in the question of the question. For example, asking a question "How many more will we endure this injustice?" does not expect a response, but wants to emphasize that "We suffer injustice, and for too long" And as if hinting that "It's time to stop it to endure and take something about this.".

The rhetorical question is used to enhance expressiveness (isolation, emphasis) of a phrase. A characteristic feature of these revolutions is conditionality, that is, the use of the grammatical form and intonation of the question in cases that, in essence, do not require it.

A rhetorical question, as well as rhetorical exclamation and rhetorical appeal, - peculiar speech revolutions that increase its expressiveness - so H. Figures. A distinctive feature of these revolutions is their conventional, that is, the use of an inquiry, exclamation, etc. Inconsions in cases that essentially do not require it, thanks to which the phrase in which these revolutions are used, it takes on a particularly underlined shade that enhances its expressiveness. So, a rhetorical question It is, in essence, the statement expressed only in a questionnaire, for what response to such a question is already known in advance, for example:

Obviously, the meaning of these phrases in the approval of the impossibility of returning the "dreams of faded beauty", etc.; The question is a conditional rhetorical turnover. But thanks to the form of the question of the attitude of the author to the phenomenon, which is talking about, it becomes much more expressive and emotionally painted.

Rhetorical exclamation and rhetorical appeal

A similar conditional character has a rhetorical exclamation, in which the exclamation intonation does not follow out the meaning of the word or phrase, and it is arbitrarily attached, thereby expressing attitude towards this phenomenon, eg:

Watch! Takeoff! Shule, squeeze! Val turn around!
Drive vortex length! Do not be late!

Bruce V. Ya.

Here the words "wave", "takes up", as well as the words departure and fall, so to speak, notifying the movement of cars, are given with exclamations expressing those feelings with which these cars are observing, although in these words themselves in their immediate sense for exclamation There is no foundation intonation.

In the same example, we find both rhetorical appeal, that is, again, the conditional appeal to the subjects, to which in essence it is impossible to contact ("Shule, Snuh!", Etc.). The structure of such an appeal is the same as in a rhetorical question and rhetorical exclamation.

Thus, all these rhetorical figures are peculiar syntactic structures transmitting known elevation and pattering of narration.

Examples of rhetorical issues

"And who are the judges?" (Griboedov, Alexander Sergeevich.)
"Where are you jumping, a proud horse, / and where do you lower your hooves?" (Pushkin.)
"Was there a boy?" (M. Gorky, "Life of Klim Samgin")

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Synonyms:

Watch what is a "rhetorical question" in other dictionaries:

Rhetorical question, as well as rhetorical exclamation and rhetorical appeal, peculiar speech revisions that enhance its expressiveness, so-called. Figures (see). A distinctive feature of these revolutions is their conventionity, i.e. the use ... ... Literary encyclopedia

SUT., Number of synonyms: 3 Question (21) Rhetorical Figure (9) Speech Figure (38 ... Synonym dictionary

A rhetorical question - Rhetorical question, see figure ... Dictionary of literary terms

a rhetorical question - Speech figure, which is a question that is not expected to answer. Rubric: language. Finely expressive means Ross: Other Associative Communications Figures: Rhetorical Appeal Example: Do you know the Ukrainian night? (N. Gogol) ... Terminological Dictionary-Thesaurus for Literary

The same as a rhetorical proposal (used as a stylistic figure). See question offer ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

a rhetorical question - (from Greek. Rhetor speaker) Stylistic figure: a question offer, comprising a statement (or denial), designed in the form of a question that does not require an answer: You can not first challenged his free, bold gift and for fun ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

a rhetorical question Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Jerebilo

A rhetorical question - expressive assertion or denial; used in scientifically popular, journalistic, artistic styles … Rhetoric: Dictionary-Directory

a rhetorical question - s. Syntax Figure 2: Approval or denial in the form of a question; Strengthens the emotionality of speech and attracts the attention of the listener. What is the benefit that he lives? Was the life of a crazy nice to his relatives and friends, once ... ... Training Dictionary of Stylistic Terms

Most effective tool Informations of ideas to the audience - involve it in the dialogue. A lot of speakers were invented for this, but each of them is good for its situation. Anyone who decided to speak to the public should know what the rhetorical question means and how to ask him correctly.

Speech and rhetoric figures

Without the use of beautiful and figurative speech revolutions, the narrative looks "empty" and difficult to perceive. To give the paints to its unrestrained thread thoughts, you can apply the tricks known to the ancient Greeks:

Changing the word order in a sentence characteristic of this language;
Opposition to one thought of another;
The use of similar composition at the beginning or at the end of several offers. Peculiar grammar refrain;
Hierarchical position of words in a sentence as amplified lexical meaning sign;
Intentional passing the necessary word;
Separation of word points in the proposal;
Application of words with similar or, on the contrary, the opposite value;
Own linguistic inventions;
Use in one context of incompatible definitions;
Figurative "revival" of an object of inanimate nature;
Deliberate exaggeration or understatement (most often applied in satire);
Asking questions that do not need to answer.

Determining figures of speech

Rhetorical called such a question that in its essence is a statement and does not require a response from the interlocutor. From a grammatical point of view, there is opposition to the question of the question and the narrative meaning of the structure.

Using this figure speech in his text, the author implies that the answer is too simple and is obvious to respond to it. Or, on the contrary, that it is too complicated and cannot have a single solution. Thus, the transfer of the writer's mood and giving the emotional color to the narrative.

This figure most often finds use in such areas:

Prose and poetry;
Journalism;
Texts on public topics;
Performances of politicians.

How to understand a rhetorical question?

It is not so rarely the situation is found when the listener cannot be performed into the essence of the verbal acrobatics of the speaker.

To resolve misunderstanding, you can use such tips:

Note context. It is he playing crucial To understand the meaning of the phrase. If the offer was escaped from any literary work, you need to get acquainted with its content. It is also necessary to make a correction to the era in which a writer or politician lived. Social injustice often became the object of attacks of masters of the word;
Try to turn out the meaning of the phrase inside out. One of the objectives of statements formulated in a questionnaire is to draw the usual situation of 180 degrees. For example: Will we "slaves?" ("We are not slaves.");
A significant part of rhetorical issues and exclamations have long become bright covered expressions. Therefore, to clarify their values, you can contact the dictionary of phraseologism and idiom. There you can get a certificate not only about the sense of supply, but also etymological data.

Is it possible to finish an essay by a rhetorical question?

Conclusion for schooling is one of the most important elements of his composition. It fails under the work of the student and is the logical completion of his reasoning over the problem in the work. As well as the introductory part, the conclusion should not be broken down from the current text of the work.

Basic rules for a good completion of the essay:

The number of proposals in the last paragraph should not be more than 5-6, otherwise the perception of information will be difficult;
Ask a question: whether it is worth agreeing with the position of the author. Conditionally split the source text on theses and reflect, which of them should be supported, and which - no;
If the student does not agree with the initial text almost all the items, then it is necessary to keep yourself from the debris and emotional criticism. Any statement must be confirmed by reasonable arguments;
You need to try to make the completion of as positive as possible;
You should not repeat the idea already outlined in the composition.

One of the most spectacular ways to put a point in the work is a rhetorical question. It can cause imaginary opponent to the dispute and how it is impossible to summarize the judgment. Even better if the figure is a classic aphorism associated with the problem of text.

Rhetorical question: examples

Questionally rhetorical.Their appointment is the expressive assessment of what is happening. Thus, the person transmits its individual and emotional attitude to the subject of the conversation ( "How did I forget to put money on the phone?" );
Indifference. In essence, there are orders and imperative purposes, but have an abstract wording ( "When, finally, you stop doing it?" );
Negative. Despite its name, they are deprived of a negative particle "not". By using this figure, the impossibility of any event or phenomenon is indicated. So, for example, William Shakespeare wrote: "So Caesar was: Will you wait for another?" (i.e., there will never be a person with such qualities);
Affirmative. Unlike the previous type, on the contrary, it is designed to strengthen the affirmative promise of the said ( "How can you not love the ocean?" ).

In the sarcastic context, the original meaning literary techniques May be somewhat shifted. Negative question in shape can purchase positive value, and vice versa. For example: "The police demand bribes again. Who would have thought?".

Formulation rules

Consider the main rules for using this reception in "field conditions":

Analyze all possible facts that can relate to the problem;
Explore your and other people's feelings for a specific situation;
Decide on what exactly the usual person wants or should want;
Consider obstacles and obstacles on the way to the desired;
How much time is necessary for the implementation of the intended;
The toolkit needed to move towards the target.

Rhetorical issues should be built as much as possible, but the meaning load should be high. They can be asked both at the beginning of speech (in order to output the audience from the state of rest) and at the end (in order to bring the bright outcome to the said). The positive reaction of the listeners on the correctly formulated design looks like a thoughtful silence.

How can you not know what a rhetorical question means? After all, it is not only part school program, but also a whole layer of culture. "To be or not to be?" Shakespeare, "What to do?" Chernyshevsky, "And who are the judges?" Griboedov - all these statements do not require a response, because they themselves make it ponder millions of people over pressing problems.

Video about rhetorical figures

In this video, the Philologist Georgy Cadetov will tell about rhetorical figures and questions, syntactic strategies:

Often, expressive techniques are used in oratory and artistic speech - to attract the attention of the listener, emphasis in speech. These are structural, and semantic accents, and intonational features, and syntax. One of the most common expressive means is a rhetorical question.

Definition.

Rhetorical question is The question design of the sentence that transmits a certain message as well as narrative. That is, it does not require a response question.

A rhetorical question takes place a certain contradiction between the specified syntactic form - the actual question of the question - and the meaning content.

The promise that contains a rhetorical question is related to the desire to express certain emotions and moods, set a specific tone. The rhetorical question implies the answer ready and understandable / listener.

Rhetorical questions are used in:

artistic texts: poetic and prosaic,
journalism and media
oratorical art.

Usually the rhetorical question laid a protest. For example, Alexander Griboedov in "Mountain from Wit" is asked: "And who are the judges?" - The answer to which implies the denial of the entourage of the chief hero to judge his actions.

Examples of rhetorical issues.

In texts and speech as rhetorical often used questions from:

a placed question in the word ("And what Russian does not like quick ride?" - Nikolay Gogol),
a questionnaire, without special question words ("I write to you - what is more? What else can I say?" - Alexander Pushkin).

As a rule, at the end of the rhetorical issue, a question mark is used, less often - exclamation:

Vladimir Mayakovsky: "Where, when, what kind of great chose the way to be trusted and easier?"
Alexander Pushkin: "Who only did not curse the station caretakers who did not scold with them!"

There is a double sign.

The role of rhetorical issues in the poem "Evening Reflection".

What does the emergence of a rhetorical question in the text? He involves the work of the reader's thought. So the literary criticism is a serious role of using a rhetorical issue in the poem Mikhail Lomonosov "Evening reflection":

"But where that, nature, your law?" - It is assumed that it is not.
"From the midnight countries, the dawn rises!
Does not the sun puts his throne there? " - The sun always goes back in the morning and this is obvious, the answer is not required.

"How can be a frozen couple
Among the winter gave birth to a fire? " - It is assumed that this can not be.
"Unmained creature you end?
Tell me, how the Creator is great? " - The ideology of Deesma inherent in Lomonosov is visible here.

What is a rhetorical question? Each and so understandable. Now you have read the easiest example of speech rhetorical figures in Russian. In its sense, the rhetorical question is not a question, but by approval. It can express an increased emotional statement background or relate information to all well-known and widespread. And in that, and in another case, the rhetorical question does not require an answer and is conditional.

The determination of rhetorical issues can be found in the Dala dictionary, in the encyclopedia of the Russian language, published by the editors of Yu.N. Karaulova, Wikipedia (based on the above-mentioned sources and articles of philologists). All interpretations are consistent with each other and talk about the affirmative sense of rhetorical issues.

In addition to rhetorical issues there are rhetorical statements - narrative expressions, in the end of which when writing or in oral speech An exclamation mark was delivered. This turn is used to enhance expressiveness as well as a rhetorical question. Rhetorical can be the appeal, which in this case also does not require the response and is conditional or symbolic. All rhetorical offers are figures of speech - turnover, pursuing the goal to express expressiveness, give the statement more strength and persuasiveness.

Rhetorical issues are used by humanity since the first oral legends appeared. In Russian speech, they are organically intertwined into artistic text, household speech, political manifests and software statements. Setting a rhetorical issue allows you to avoid explanations in the case when reference to well-known facts and phenomena is possible.

This technique switches the attention of listeners (or readers) to things that are perceived automatically and call on, therefore, take the position of the speaker without analyzing the meaning of its statement.

Examples of rhetorical issues

In Russian literature there are many examples of rhetorical expressions both in prose and in poetic form. They are consumed in everyday life. Examples that meet all of us everyday:

when will this trolleybus come? (The expression implies that the trolleybus is late and violates the schedule of movement, which is obvious to all standing at the stop);
who stole sausage from a plate? (expresses the perturbation of the owner by the popular cat, as the cat is not able to answer);
how much can it be tolerated? (exclamation means that it is impossible to tolerate what is happening longer).

Here are examples of the literary use of a rhetorical issue and exclamation:

Oh, how my heart whips!
Not a mortal waiting? (Anna Akhmatova)

In this case, the poet obviously does not seek to die, but expresses his tomression and confusion, dissatisfaction with the circumstances. Rhetorical questions loved to use Shakespeare, Griboedov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol and other writers. A lot of rhetorical issues are found in religious texts. They are full New Testament, Gospel, descriptions of the Acts of Apostles. In historical texts, such speech figures helped to make a story brighter and understood for the reader.

If the rhetorical question is asked to a real person, then it does not require an answer, rather - silent agreement or confirmation. However, with rhetorical issues, not often appeal not to those present, but to some imaginary interlocutor. This may be the phenomenon of nature, society as a whole, the government, the world community. In everyday life and in everyday life, rhetorical issues are often asked for animals or subjects.

Types of rhetorical issues

Rhetorical questions can be divided into four types:

questionally rhetorical issues, brightly transmitting feelings;
inquiring and incentive, inviting to action;
questioning and negative, approving the impossibility of action or event;
questionally-affirmative, expressing confidence in something.

In general, in human speech questions are one of the most common designs. Rhetorical issues, as clearly of the foregoing, serve to transfer the views of the speaker, clarifying its position, attitudes towards the topic under discussion and attracting attention. They are one of the most expressive speech revolutions.

A person resorting to the use of rhetorical issues seeks to strengthen the impression of his speech and give expressiveness. Thus emphasizes the phrase expressing some statement. In the context of the conversation or narration, the meaning of the phrase is a continuation of the already said or developing in the future. A rhetorical question can also serve as a way to draw a line under a monologue, put an emotional "point at the end of the line".