Place of Latin America in the world. See what "Latin America" \u200b\u200bis in other dictionaries. Countries and capitals of Latin America

The video tutorial is devoted to the topic “The composition of Latin America. Political Map ". This topic is the first in the lesson section on Latin America. You will get to know the diverse and interesting countries of the region that play a significant role in the modern world. The teacher will tell you in detail about the composition, borders, and originality of the countries of Latin America. As additional material in the lesson, three topics are considered: "The Island of Freedom", "Junta", "Capture of Grenada".

Theme: Latin America

Lesson: Composition of Latin America. Political Map

Latin America is a region of the Western Hemisphere located between the United States and Antarctica. There are several subregions in Latin America. These are Central America (Mexico, Central America and West Indies), Andean countries (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile), countries of the La Plata basin (Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina), Brazil. The name "Latin America" \u200b\u200bcomes from the predominant influence of the language, culture and customs of the Romance (Latin) peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, which historically developed in this part of the world.

The region covers an area of \u200b\u200b21 million square meters. km with a population of more than 570 million people.

Figure: 1. Political map of Latin America ()

Latin American countries are different in area: the largest country in the region is Brazil, the smallest are in the Caribbean.

Borders between the countries run mainly along rivers, ridges and other orographic features.

Economic and geographical position of Latin America:

1. Closeness to the USA.

2. Remoteness from other regions of the world.

3. The presence of the Panama Canal.

4. Almost all countries (except Bolivia and Paraguay) have access to the sea.

According to the form of government, all countries in the region are republics. More than 33 countries are part of Latin America. Some countries are part of the Commonwealth (for example, Guyana, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago). Guiana belongs to France. Cuba is a socialist state.

In terms of the form of the administrative-territorial structure, unitary states prevail, the following countries have a federal structure: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Figure: 2. Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis ()

Stages of the formation of the political map of Latin America:

1. Stage of pre-European colonization.

2. Colonial stage.

3. Post-colonial stage.

4. Stage after the Second World War.

The civilizations of the Maya, Aztecs, Incas were located in Latin America.

The territory of Latin America was mastered mainly by Spain and Portugal.

Puerto Rico has a special status. Puerto Rico is a US-dependent territory and has the status of an "unincorporated organized territory", which means that this territory is under US control (and is not an integral part of it), the effect on the territory of the US Constitution is limited; the supreme power belongs to the US Congress, but the territory has its own system of self-government.

Currently, many issues related to the borders and ownership of territories have not been resolved. A prime example is the disputed Falkland Islands (Malvinas) between the UK and Argentina.

Cuba.The official name is the Republic of Cuba, unofficial since 1959 is the Island of Liberty - an island state in the northern Caribbean. The capital is Havana. Cuba is the largest island state in the region, stretching for 1250 km. It is located at the junction of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, which form the "American Mediterranean". The key depicted on the country's coat of arms is a symbol of the fact that the island discovered by Columbus in 1492 for centuries was its own key to the New World. Cuba is a socialist state, for a long time it was an ally of the USSR.

Junta.In many countries, this word refers to various government bodies, including civil. In modern Russian (as well as in a number of other languages \u200b\u200bof the world) the word “ junta" used mainly to refer to a military dictatorship established as a result of a coup d'etat. The Chilean Government Junta is a prime example.

Homework

Topic 10, P. 1

1. What regions (sub-regions) are distinguished in Latin America?

2. Name the features of EGP in Latin America.

List of references

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 grades: Textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2012 .-- 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Textbook. for 10 cl. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with a set of contour maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: FSUE "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M .: Bustard, 2001 .-- 672 p .: ill., Maps .: color. incl.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a reference book for high school students and those entering universities. - 2nd ed., Rev. and finished. - M .: AST-PRESS SHKOLA, 2008 .-- 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the State Examination and the Unified State Exam

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.M. Ambartsumov. - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009 .-- 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of typical options for real tasks of the exam: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M .: Astrel, 2010 .-- 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Textbook / Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M .: Intellect-Center, 2012 .-- 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real assignments of the Unified State Exam: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M .: AST: Astrel, 2010 .-- 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Examination 2011. - M .: MCNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M .: Eksmo, 2009 .-- 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: grade 10: to the textbook of V.P. Maksakovsky “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 "/ E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., Stereotype. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. Unified State Exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for the training of students / FIPI - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.

9. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

Latin

A collective term for countries that speak Romance languages \u200b\u200b(Portuguese and Spanish), derived from Latin, in fact, hence the name. Latin America is often associated with Catholicism and has a strong Roman legal and cultural tradition. Latin America is often called Latin Europe in the West, just as there is Germanic Europe or Slavic Europe. The countries of South America began to be called Latin America in the 19th century, when a very strong influence of Roman Catholicism was discovered here, in this region the contribution of European Romance countries was most visible in terms of culture, language, religion, as well as at the genetic level. The majority of Hispanics are of Latin European descent, particularly from Italy, Spain, France and Portugal. North America, in contrast, is called Anglo-Saxon America, but the Americans themselves and the inhabitants of Latin America are called just Americans, Canada is simply Canada, and the inhabitants are Canadians.

Population of Latin America

Today the population of Latin America is estimated at more than 610 million people.

Ethnic groups

Latin America is the most diverse region in the world in terms of the presence of ethnic groups and races, the ethnic composition varies from country to country, the majority of the population of Latin America is mestizo, the descendants of marriages between Europeans and local Indians. In most countries, the Indian population predominates, in some countries it is white, there are countries where the majority of the population is black or mulatto. Nevertheless, about 80% of Latin America's population is of European origin.

Latin American countries

The list of Latin American countries includes, in addition to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries of mainland America, also the countries of the Caribbean region: Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Cuba. Often, countries in which French are spoken are also included in the countries of Latin America, the former and current colonies of France are French Guiana, Saint-Martin, Haiti, with the exception of Quebec, which is located on the territory of Canada.

Many countries in Latin America belong to North America, so the concepts of South America and Latin should not be confused. North America includes Mexico, most countries in Central and South America, the Caribbean, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico.

Countries in which the majority of the population speaks English are traditionally not included in Latin America - these are Guyana, Belize, Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica and others.

Latin America is picturesque and bizarre, despite its unfavorable climatic conditions for a white man, it is a popular tourist destination, there is the world's highest Angel Falls, the largest mountain lake Titicaca and the largest functioning volcano Cotopaxi, the longest Andes mountain system on Earth, the greatest Amazon river. There are many natural resources here, many countries live off the sale of oil and gas.

Languages \u200b\u200bin Latin America

Most of the Latin American countries are Hispanic, with the largest country in the region speaking Portuguese, Brazil. In Suriname they speak Dutch, French in Guiana, English in Guyana, Belize, Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica.

60% of the Latin American population considers Spanish as their first language, 34% Portuguese, 6% of the population speak other languages \u200b\u200bsuch as Quechua, Maya, Guaraní, Aymara, Nahuatl, English, French, Dutch and Italian. Portuguese is only spoken in Brazil (Brazilian Portuguese), the largest and most populous country in the region. Spanish is the official language of most of the rest of Latin America, as well as Cuba, Puerto Rico (where it is equal to English), and the Dominican Republic. French is spoken in Haiti and in the French overseas departments in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guiana, the French overseas community of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and French is also spoken in Panama. Dutch is the official language in Suriname, Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles. Dutch is related to Germanic, so these territories are not necessarily considered to be part of Latin America.

Indian languages: Quechua, Guarani, Aymara, Nahuatl, Mayan lenguas, Mapu Dungun are widely spoken in Peru, Guatemala, Bolivia, Paraguay and Mexico, to a lesser extent in Panama, Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina and Chile. In Latin American countries not mentioned above, the population of native speakers of the indigenous languages \u200b\u200bis usually small or absent, for example in Uruguay. Mexico is the only country that boasts a wider variety of indigenous languages \u200b\u200bthan any other Latin American country, with Nahuatl being the most spoken Indian language in Mexico.

In Peru, Quechua is the official language, along with Spanish and any other language of the other indigenous peoples of the country where they are predominant. There is no official language in Ecuador and Quechua is the recognized language of the indigenous people under the country's constitution, but Quechua is spoken by only a few groups in the highlands. In Bolivia, the Aymara, Quechua and Guarani Indian languages \u200b\u200bhave official status along with Spanish. Guarani, along with Spanish, is the official language of Paraguay, where the majority of the population is bilingual; in the Argentine province of Corrientes, only Spanish is official. In Nicaragua, Spanish is the official language, but on the country's Caribbean coast, the official languages \u200b\u200bare English and indigenous languages \u200b\u200bsuch as Miskito, Sumo and Rama.

Colombia recognizes all the indigenous languages \u200b\u200bspoken by the locals, but only 1% of the country's population is native speakers of these languages. Nahuatl is one of 62 native languages \u200b\u200bof indigenous people in Mexico that are officially recognized by the government as "national languages" along with Spanish.

Other European languages \u200b\u200bthat are spoken in Latin America are English, spoken by some groups in Puerto Rico, as well as in neighboring countries that are not considered Latin America, these are Belize and Guyana.

German is common in southern Brazil, southern Chile, parts of Argentina, Venezuela, and Paraguay.

Italian is common in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and Uruguay.

Ukrainian and Polish in southern Brazil, southern Argentina.

Yiddish and Hebrew are common in the vicinity of Buenos Aires and São Paulo.

Japanese is common in Brazil and Peru, Korean in Brazil, Arabic in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, Chinese throughout South America.

In the Caribbean, Creole is spoken, including Haitian Creole, which is the predominant language of Haiti, primarily due to the mixing of French with West African languages, Native American, with influences from English, Portuguese, and Spanish.

The Garifuna language is spoken along the Caribbean coast in Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Belize.

Latin American countries

The largest country in Latin America in terms of area is Brazil with an area of \u200b\u200b8,515,767 square kilometers, then Argentina 2,780,400, Mexico 1,972,550, Peru 1,285,216, Colombia 1,141,748, the smallest region is the French overseas territory of Saint-Martin with an area of \u200b\u200b25 square kilometers.

If you look at the population, then again the largest state is Brazil 201032714 people, followed by Mexico 118395054, Colombia 47387109 and only in fourth place is Argentina 41660417.

Cities in Latin America

The largest proud city in Latin America is the Mexican capital Mexico City 20631353 people, further Sao Paulo Brazil 19953698, Buenos Aires Argentina 13333912, Rio de Janeiro Brazil 11968886, Lima Peru 10231678, Bogota Colombia 8868395, Santiago Chile 7023767, Brazil 5504747 , Caracas Venezuela 5297026, Guadalajara Mexico 4593444.

Richest city in Latin America Buenos Aires with GDP per capita USD 26 129, further Caracas 24 000, Sao Paulo 23 704, Santiago 21393, Mexico City 19 940, Lima 17 340, Belo Horizonte 17 239, Guadalajara 16 855, Rio de Janeiro 16 282, Bogota 15 891.

Religion in Latin America

90% of Hispanics are Christians, 70% of the Hispanics consider themselves to be Roman Catholics. As we have noticed, Catholicism prevails in Latin America, in contrast to the Protestant North America with the USA and Canada.

Latinos and migration

For example, about 10 million Mexicans live in the United States today, 29 million Americans today boast Mexican roots. 3.33 million Colombians today live outside their homeland, while outside Brazil there are 2 million natives of this country. One and a half million Salvadorans live in the United States, and there are still as many de Dominicans, 1.3 million Cubans.

0.8 million Chileans live in Argentina, USA, Canada, Sweden and Australia.

Education, schools and literacy in Latin America

In Latin America today there are big problems with access to education, however, in recent years the situation has improved, most children are already attending school. Children who live in remote regions, as well as children of black families who may live in extreme poverty, do not have access to education. Only 75% of the poorest youth aged 13 to 17 attend school. Currently, more than half of low-income or rural children are unable to complete nine years of secondary school.

Crime and violence in Latin America

Latin America is synonymous with crime. Latin America and the Caribbean are the most dangerous regions of the modern world in terms of crime, it is in Latin America that the most dangerous cities in the world are located, which can be justified by the highest level of social inequality in the income of the population. The problem of crime will not be solved until the social gap between rich and poor is smoothed. Therefore, crime prevention, an increase in the number of police and prisons will lead nowhere. The homicide rate in Latin America is the highest in the world. From the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, the homicide rate increased 50 percent. The main victims of such murders are young people, 69% of whom are between the ages of 15 and 19.

The most dangerous countries in Latin America

The most dangerous countries in Latin America are: Honduras 91.6 murders per 100,000 inhabitants, El Salvador 69.2, Venezuela 45.1, Belize 41.4, Guatemala 38.5, Puerto Rico 26.2, Dominican Republic 25, Mexico 23.7 and Ecuador 18.2.

For example, the world average is 6.9. In 1995, Colombia and El Salvador broke the world record for the crime rate - 139.1 murders per 100,000 inhabitants. Crime and violence in Latin America is the main threat to human health and takes more lives than AIDS or other infectious diseases.

Economy of Latin America

nominal GDP of US $ 5,573,397 million. Human Development Index (HDI) in Latin America

All Latin American countries are classified as emerging economies. If we evaluate the countries of the region according to the Human Development Index (HDI), then the leader is Chile with a coefficient of 0.819, followed by Argentina 0.811, Uruguay 0.792, Panama 0.780, Mexico 0.775, Costa Rica 0.773, Peru 0.741, Colombia 0.719, Dominican Republic 0.702, Bolivia 0.675, Paraguay 0.669, Guatemala 0.628, Honduras 0.617, Nicaragua 0.599, Haiti is an outsider 0.456.

Poverty in Latin America

The poorest and richest countries in Latin America

If we assess countries in terms of poverty, then people feel best in Uruguay where only 3% of the population is below the poverty line, followed by Chile with a coefficient of 3.2, Argentina 3.7, Costa Rica 3.7, Cuba 4.6, Mexico 5.9, Venezuela 6.6, Panama 6.7, Colombia 7.6, Ecuador 7.9, Brazil 8.6, Haiti is the worst at 31.5. For example, 54.9% of the population lives in Haiti on less than $ 1.25 per day, in Guatemala 16.9, Nicaragua 15.8, Honduras 23.3, El Salvador 15.1

Malnutrition affects up to 47% of Haitians, 27% of Nicaraguans, 23% of Bolivians and 22% of Honduras.

Life expectancy in Latin America

Life expectancy is one of the most important indicators of quality of life. So from this point of view, it is best to live in Cuba, Costa Rica and Chile where the indicator is 79 years. Mexico and Uruguay have 77, Panama, Ecuador and Argentina 76, Haiti has the lowest at 62.

The best countries in Latin or South America for life

So, Chile and Uruguay share the palm, Chile has the highest human development index for this region, GDP, life expectancy and the lowest crime rate. Uruguay has the lowest income inequality, the lowest poverty, extreme poverty and the highest peacefulness.

Panama has the highest level of real GDP growth. Cuba can boast of success in education, it has the lowest level of illiteracy of the local population, and people live in Cuba for a very long time, Costa Rica also boasts a relatively high life expectancy of its citizens.

Haiti has the worst performance; living in this country is scary. Nevertheless, surprisingly, Haiti has a very low crime rate, despite the extreme poverty of the population, the homicide rate is only 6.9 per 100,000 people per year, approximately the same crime rate in prosperous Uruguay. But it is already very dangerous in Honduras, El Salvador, Venezuela, Guatemala, Colombia, Mexico.

The best country to live in Latin America

Popular countries Argentina and Brazil show average rates for the entire Latin American region. So, from our point of view, the best countries to live in are Chile and Uruguay, followed by Argentina, Costa Rica, Mexico, Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil. Accidents in Cuba can be skewed.

Ecology in Latin America

The highest ecology in Costa Rica, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador. The lowest in Haiti are Mexico, Peru, Guatemala, Chile and Argentina.

Tourism in Latin America

Among the countries of Latin America, Mexico feels well in terms of international trism, thanks to its close geographical location to the United States and a large number of archaeological sites, such a resort as Cancun is worth mentioning.

Mexico is visited by 22.3 million foreign tourists annually, the next pursuer is very far behind, this is Argentina with 5.2 million people, then Brazil 5.1, Puerto Rico with 3.6, Chile with 2.7, Colombia 2.38 , Dominican Republic 4.1, Panama 2.06.

Most visited cities and attractions in Latin America

The most visited cities and attractions in Latin America: Cancun, Galapagos Islands, Machu Picchu, Chichen Itza, Cartagena, Cabo San Lucas, Acapulco, Rio de Janeiro, El Salvador, Margarita Island, Sao Paulo, Salar de Uyuni , Punta del Este, Santo Domingo, Labadee, San Juan, Havana, Panama City, Iguazu Falls, Puerto Vallarta, Poas Volcano National Park, Punta Cana, Viña del Mar, Mexico City, Quito, Bogota , Santa Marta, San Andres, Buenos Aires, Lima, Maceio, Florianopolis, Cuzco, Ponce and Patagonia.

If we talk about the efficiency of tourism in Latin America, the leader here is the Dominican Republic, where the largest receipts from the tourism sector from the country's GDP, but the receipts from tourism per capita are the highest in Uruguay. Very high income from tourism in Venezuela, but this is also due to the space local prices. A trip to Brazil, Panama and the Dominican Republic is considered very expensive.

The most unattractive countries for tourism in Latin America are: Haiti, Paraguay, Venezuela, El Salvador - you can skip such countries on your trip to South America.

Class: 11

Lesson presentation

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Attention! The slide preview is used for informational purposes only and may not represent all the presentation options. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Teaching and educational tasks:

- To form the concept and idea of \u200b\u200bLatin America as a historical-cultural and historical-geographical region.
- To form in students an idea of \u200b\u200bthe countries of Latin America, their features of economic and geographical location.

Developing:

- Develop the ability to formulate the answer in the form of a diagram.
- Continue to develop geographic skills: analyze cartographic and statistical materials, give a brief description of countries.
- Work on general educational skills: compare and generalize, listen.

Equipment:

• Wall political map of the world, atlas, multimedia projector.
• Handouts for students: TVE (note. Materials of the Festival 2009-2010) technological map, test.
• Methods of the form of educational activity: partial-postal, heuristic conversation.

1. Presentation "Features of Latin America".
2. Territory exploration plan.
3. Himself. work with TVE (notebook with a printed basis).
4. Student of new material Composition of the region.
5. Work on the map at the board "Features of the geographical position of the continent of South America."
6. The history of the discovery of the region. Formation of a political map.
7. Variety of Latin American countries (s.r., diagram).
8. Puzzle tasks.
9. Test.

During the classes

1. Introduction by the teacher:

- Today, we will start our lesson not quite usually, first we will make a virtual trip to some countries. Your task is to answer the question after watching the presentation: What region will we study today?

2. Show Presentations.(1-14 slide)

3.

After watching, the children are asked a question.

- Guys, have you decided which region we will get to know today? (Latin America)-( slide 15).

- Show it on the map. ( slide 16)

- Let's recall the plan according to which we characterize the region.

textbook p. 330: territory, borders, position; natural conditions and resources; population; economy, territorial structure; characteristics of the largest countries (Brazil); environmental protection and ecological problems.

- So, name the topic of our lesson. "Territory, borders, position of the region on the political map" - write it down in a notebook . (slide 17)

- The purpose of our lesson: To study the composition of the region, to consolidate the ability to determine the geographical position of countries and their features.

To move on to the study of new material, let's remember what we already know about the countries of this region.

To do this, open TVET (Topic 5, block 1, work on options).

4.

Independent work of students with TVET (10 min.). Appendix 1

5. Learning new material.

Introductory speech of the teacher.

- What is included in Latin America?

Latin America is the Western Hemisphere region between the United States and Antarctica. It includes: Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Moreover, Mexico, West Indies and Central America are often combined into the sub-region of the Caribbean countries. In total, the region includes 33 sovereign states, as well as 14 countries that are the possessions of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands and the United States. (These are small islands in the Caribbean).

The territory of Latin America stretches from north to south for 13 thousand km, and from west to east up to 5 thousand km.

In which part of the world is the region located? (America) what is included in it? (two continents).

- After which traveler is America named? (Amerigo Vespucci).

- Guys, who discovered the continent of South America? (Christopher Columbus). J. Columbus lived in Portugal. He decided to open the way to India by the western route. He first discovered the Bahamas, one of which he named San Salvador. As he was looking for a way to India, the natives began to be called Indians. The tobacco and potatoes he discovered on the island of Cuba later conquered the whole world. With the discovery of new lands (15-17 centuries), the era of their colonization by the Spaniards and the Portuguese began.

- How do you understand the word colonization? (capture, development of new lands).

6. History of settlement, development of the region. Formation of the political map : The name "Latin America" \u200b\u200bcomes from the historically prevailing influence of the language, culture and customs of the Romance (Latin) peoples of the Iberian Peninsula - the Spaniards, the Portuguese - that have developed in this part of the world. Which in the 15-18 centuries conquered this part of America and colonized it.

Before the arrival of Europeans here, there were developed states on the mainland: the Aztecs ( slide 18) with the capital Tenochtitlan, the territory of modern Mexico and Maya ( slides 19,20) on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), as well as the Inca Empire ( slides 21,22) on the west coast of South America (Peru, Ecuador) with the capital in Cuzco.

All these civilizations were destroyed with the arrival of the European colonialists.

Most of the modern states of Latin America are the former colonies of Spain, and Brazil is the former Portuguese colony.

Find confirmation of this in the atlas with .... (correct, only in Brazil - the population speaks Portuguese, the rest of the territory is dominated by Spanish).

Are there any developed countries in this region? (no).

All 33 sovereign states are developing.

6.

Pay attention to the diagram, which needs to be filled out briefly using the symbols. As you fill in the diagram in the notebook, fill in the diagram on the board.

- What was the basis for the selection of the Latin America region? (p. 331 textbook)

- Features of drawing borders between countries.

- Draw up a diagram “Diversity of Latin America”.

(Slide 23)

7

... Work on the map: Tasks-riddles.

A) The state is washed by two oceans, forming two bays near the territory. FROM

in the north it borders on one more economically developed country.

Name the country, bays, border state. (Mexico slides 24-27).

B) The driest desert in the world, the Atacama, is located on the territory of this country. She owns an island in the Pacific Ocean - Easter Island ( slides 28-32).

C) Part of the country's territory has a harsh climate. The territory is called Patagonia. (Argentina slide 33).

D) On the territory of this country there is the highest waterfall in the world - Angel.

(Venezuela slide 34).

E) Country where cane, cocoa beans and raw materials for the chemical industry are grown. (Brazil slide 35-36).

E) Guess the picture. (Cuba slide 37-40).

8.

Fastening material: TEST. Appendix 3

9.

Summing up the lesson.

Guys, today we have studied the peculiarities of the geographical position of Latin American countries. Tell me, what is the influence of the characteristics of the territory? (On the variety of natural conditions and the availability of natural resources, which determine the specialization of the economy). This means the topic of our next lesson: "Natural resources".

D / Z

.

- Review the types of natural resources, do practical work on the film "Peculiarities of countries". Find "geographical names" on the map, write them down and put them on the box.

On the territory of Latin America with an area of \u200b\u200b21 million square meters. km there are 46 states, more or less different from each other.

States of Latin America

The largest and most politically significant Latin American states are several countries.

Brazil
It is the largest state in Latin America with the largest population. The country is attractive for tourists with its nightclubs, impenetrable jungle and impressive waterfalls.

Mexico
A unique country, practically the most popular among travelers. It is famous for the most popular beaches in the world, diving, ancient buildings of the Mayans and Aztecs.

Argentina
A country rich in a variety of attractions and entertainment (bullfighting, feeding predators, wine festivals, motorcycle races, dolphin shows, etc.) Amazing nature of national parks with waterfalls and rare animals, skiing is an integral part of Argentina.

Costa Rica
This country is prized for its unique nature: volcanoes, nature reserves, mountain slopes, lakes, underwater national parks and exotic beaches.

Venezuela
This Latin American state attracts tourists with its unshakable ecosystem. The country can be proud of the highest waterfall in the world - Angel, rain forests of the Orinoco River and a wide variety of flora.

Peru
This is a mysterious country with objects of historical significance - Cusco, Machu Picchu.

Chile
State with beautiful nature, popular ski resorts.

Bolivia
A multinational highland country with salt hotels and deserts, the mountain lake Titicaca.

Colombia
This state is famous for its chic resorts, snow-capped Andes peaks, frequent festivals and fairs.

Less developed countries in terms of economy and tourism include Panama, Uruguay, Paraguay, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize, Guiana and Guatemala.

Island States of Latin America

The island states in Latin America include the West Indies:

Barbados;
- Grenada;
- Dominican Republic;
- Dominica;
- Saint Vincent;
- the Grenadines;
- Saint Kitts;
- Nevis;
- Saint Lucia;
- Jamaica;
- Trinidad;
- Tobago;
- Antigua;
- Barbuda;
- The Bahamas is a tiny but wealthy state with a high standard of living and economy, it is famous for luxury hotels and pink flamingos;
- Haiti is practically the poorest country in the world: corruption and dictatorship do not give the state prosperity, and frequent earthquakes only aggravate the economic situation;
- Cuba is distinguished by inexpensive shopping, cigars, rum, as well as developed surfing and water skiing.

The world of Latin America is unusual and unique, as it is characterized not only by an interesting style of communication between people, but also by climatic features, unusually beautiful nature.

Latin America is a large region. It includes part of the countries of North America, most of the countries of Central and South America. Its borders stretch from the United States in the north to Antarctica in the south. The area is about 12 million kilometers, washed by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Geography and states

The name "America Latina" was introduced in the 19th century by the emperor Napoleon III, who combined the list of countries where Romance (Latin) languages \u200b\u200bare spoken. In these states, Spanish and Portuguese are widely used. In all these territories, Spanish is the official language, with the exception of Brazil, where Portuguese is considered the official language.

Looking at the map of Latin America, you can see that the largest number of countries are located in Central America. These are small states located along the Panama Canal. The largest countries are in the Atlantic region such as Brazil and Argentina.

Initially, all these territories were inhabited by Indians who lived in a primitive system. After the conquest of America by the Spaniards and the Portuguese, the indigenous population was gradually ousted, exterminated and driven into hard-to-reach places. But unlike North America, the Indians of the southern hemisphere for the most part survived, many tribes assimilated with emigrants from Europe. Since the Europeans actively implanted the Spanish language and the Catholic religion, now Latin American countries are the largest region professing Catholicism.

Information! The official language is mostly Spanish, but each country uses a different dialect.

The states of this region have a diverse economy and political structure. All of them were previously colonies of developed European states, but over the past century, almost all of them have gained independence.

The countries of Latin America are deservedly very popular among tourists. Breathtaking natural landscapes will not leave anyone indifferent here. These places are mainly visited by travelers who have seen many countries, which are difficult to surprise with something. These are not poor people, they mostly stay in 5 * hotels.

Consider which countries are part of Latin America.

List of countries and their features

Latin America on the world map occupies 1/7 of our planet in the Western Hemisphere. It includes 33 independent states with a total population of about 600 million people. The geographic features of these countries are as follows:

• All countries in the region have access to the ocean, except for Paraguay and Bolivia;
• Geographic proximity to the United States;
• Remoteness from other countries of the world;
• According to the form of political government, all countries are republics.

Political map of Latin America in Russian

The largest country in the region is Brazil, the smallest is Suriname. Consider the list of Latin American states, we will try to briefly describe them. The list of countries is as follows:

1. Antigua and Barbuda is a small state in the Caribbean, whose official language is English. The population is less than 100,000 people, the capital is St. John's.
2. Argentina is famous for tango, football and beaches. It is the second largest state in Latin America after Brazil, the capital is Buenos Aires. It enjoys immense popularity among tourists from all over the world, an economically developed country.
3. Belize is a state in the Caribbean region, a famous offshore zone around the world. The official language is English, the capital is Belmopan, tourism is actively developing.
4. Bolivia is a poor but safe country and is of great interest to travelers.
5. Brazil is a huge country with a population of about 200 million inhabitants. This is a country of carnivals and sunny beaches, which attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world. Capital - Brasilia, language - Portuguese. Brazil is the main exporter of coffee and tobacco in the world.
6. Venezuela is a relatively small country in the north of the mainland, with a population of just over 20 million, the capital is Caracas, and the official language is Spanish.
7. Haiti is a very poor country, constantly suffering from natural disasters and coups. She uses several languages \u200b\u200b- French, Haitian and Creole. The capital is the city of Port-au-Prince.
8. Guatemala is a country with the capital of the same name, which attracts tourists with beautiful nature and volcanoes. The population is made up of various Indians and mestizos.
9. Honduras is the islands of the Caribbean Sea, united into one state. The capital is Tegucigalpa, the language is Spanish, famous for its poverty and crime.
10. The Dominican Republic is a famous beach resort that beckons vacationers all year round. The capital is Santa Domingo, the language is Spanish, the population is about 10 million people.
11. Colombia is a country notorious for producing cocaine. This turbulent state, however, attracts tourists for its natural beauty. The capital is Bogotá, with a population of over 45 million.
12. Costa Rica is a state located in the central part of America. The capital is San Jose, the official language is Spanish.
13. Cuba is the island of Freedom, famous to all our compatriots. It is a state in the Caribbean with a large number of high quality hotels. Tourism is very developed here, excellent beaches, the capital is Havana, the population is very small - more than 11 million people.
14. Mexico is a large country famous for its soap operas, ancient architectural structures and beach resorts. The capital, Mexico City, is a real paradise for tourism.
15. Nicaragua is located in Central America, a problem country with a population of 6 million inhabitants, the capital is Managua, and the language is Spanish.
16. Chile is a visa-free mountainous state stretching along the entire continent. The population is more than 17 million people, the capital is Santiago, the state language is Spanish.
17. Panama is a Latin American country located on the isthmus of the same name, the main language is Spanish, the population is about 4 million.
18. Peru is located in the northwestern part of America, the capital is Lima. In addition to Spanish, Aymara and Quechua, the languages \u200b\u200bof the indigenous people, are used here.
19. El Salvador is a small state, often suffering from all kinds of natural disasters, with a population of 6.8 million, the capital is the city of San Salvador.
20. Uruguay is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, a small and safe country for tourists. The capital is Montevideo, the language is Spanish.
21. Puerto Rico is a state dependent on the United States with a special status. This country is rich in Spanish colonial architecture and attracts tourists with sports competitions.
22. Ecuador is located on both the mainland and the Galapagos Islands. Visa for CIS citizens is not required, the capital is Quito.
23. Saint Barthes, Saint Martin, Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana are legally part of France. These are islands with beautiful nature, wide beaches and warm sun.

Interesting! The island of Saint Barth is a reserve for oligarchs from all over the world, with its high prices this state scares off many ordinary tourists.

As you can see, all Latin American countries have striking features in culture and nature. This continent is rich in natural resources, water and green resources, and has unique historical values.

Rio de Janeiro is one of the largest cities in South America

Major cities and sights

As in the rest of the world, there is a tendency in Latin America to move from villages to large cities. People move to cities in order to find work and arrange their life. Consider which cities are most important.

1. Sao Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, a large business center with a population of 17-18 million. This is a large shopping center of the country, there is a raging nightlife, fashion weeks are held, thousands of migrants from other regions of the country flock here.
2. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico, the largest city in Latin America. It is difficult to calculate the exact number of the population of this metropolis, since many growing conglomerate areas adjoin the center, but this figure is from 18 to 19 million. Most of the population is native Indians, thanks to whom the ancient culture of the pre-Columbian era has been preserved in Mexico City.
3. Rio de Janeiro is a city of carnivals and fun, nightlife and wide beaches. It is the cultural center of a country with a population of 6.5 million. The main attraction of Rio is the mountain with the statue of Jesus Christ, one of the 7 wonders of the world.
4. Lima is the capital of Peru, with a population of over 7.6 million, the city is washed by the Pacific Ocean, and stands at the foot of the Andes. The bulk of the townspeople are Quechua and Aymara Indians.
5. Bogota - the capital of Colombia, home to about 7 million, this city is located at an altitude of 2600 m above sea level. There are large temperature differences, often reaching -6 degrees, despite the proximity to the equator. Local residents are friendly to tourists, but it is dangerous to travel outside the city.
6. Santiago, the Chilean capital, has 5.5 million inhabitants and the number is steadily growing. This city is visited before traveling to Easter Island, the Atacama Desert and Patagonia National Parks.
7. Buenos Aires - over 3 million people, a city of contrasts. This capital of Argentina is similar to Paris, London and Barcelona at the same time. Here is the most famous theater Colon, a huge park of Palermo forests, the famous La Boca area.
8. Caracas is the capital of Venezuela, the population reaches 3.5 million. The city is located in the valley of the Caribbean Andes, interesting places are Bolivar Square with a central cathedral, museums. From Caracas, the route to Angel Falls and Roraima Rock begins.
9. Havana is the fun and varied capital of Cuba with a population of 2.5 million. Here time has stopped, this city is recognized as the "heritage of mankind", in Havana you can see buildings with 600 years of history next to the houses of the 20th century.

In recent decades, this region has been actively developing, and the main focus is on tourism. The combination of a warm climate, wide sandy beaches, tropical forests, historical sights attracts more and more tourists from all over the world. Latin America is a treasure trove for travelers.