Technological map is a typical technological map for the device of cement-sand and polymer-cement screeds. Technological map Typical technological map for the device of cement-sand and polymer-cement screeds Technological map, semi-dry

3.1. Surface cleaning the base is carried out before laying the separation layer. The surface of the base is inspected, thoroughly cleaned of debris and extraneous layers, the horizontality of the base and the correctness of the slopes are checked, if there are cracks in the base, the cracks are expanded and filled with a repair compound, the gaps between the prefabricated plates are closed. The substrate must be clean, sound and free from delamination.

3.2. Making marks... The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using laser level... It should be borne in mind that the level of the finished floor must be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent stairwells.

3.3. Insulation seams... In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying an insulating material (damping tapes made of expanded polyethylene, isolon, isocom) with a thickness of 4-8 mm. to the entire height of the screed just before laying the mortar.

3.4. Equipment installation... The place for the installation of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment for the preparation and supply of the mixture, the place of storage of building materials must be indicated in the project for the production of works or agreed with the Customer. The required area for placing equipment and materials is from 30 to 50 m2; Semi-dry screed is prepared directly at the construction site or at the work site.

When preparing a mortar for a screed by a mechanized method using fiberglass, certain requirements are observed, the ratio of the volume of sand to the volume of cement, which should be 3: 1, under the strict condition that the washed seeded sand corresponds to a fraction with a size modulus of 2-3 mm. Standard pneumatic conveying equipment has a mixing hopper volume of 250 liters, the actual volume of the finished mixture is 200 liters. The minimum amount of cement per hopper load should not be less than 50 kg (1 standard bag). The water-cement ratio is in the range of 0.34 - 0.45, which corresponds to 17-24 liters of water per bunker load.

Loading of sand, cement and water is carried out in two stages... First stage: - First, ½ the volume of sand (about 75 kg) and a 50 kg bag of cement are loaded. Then 10-12 liters of water and polypropylene fiber are added. The second stage: - the final loading of the working bunker with sand of about 100 kg and the required amount of water of about 7-12 liters, as well as fiber is carried out. The consumption of the used polypropylene fiber is about 120 - 150 grams for a full load of the bunker, i.e. for one batch at the rate of 700-900 grams per cubic meter of the prepared solution. Fibrin is added with every proportion of water. The full loaded mass is mixed for at least two minutes. The total running time of the mixing hopper, taking into account the loading time, is from 4 to 7 minutes.

3.5. Supply of mortar to the place of installation... The prepared cement-sand mortar under pressure, in portions through rubber hoses, lends itself directly to the place of installation and is placed on the base through the mortar absorber. On large areas, the floor screed is carried out with cards. The size of the map is determined by the productivity of the working unit, that is, the area of the floor laid in one working shift. The time for feeding the prepared solution should not exceed 5 minutes. Depending on the type of equipment, the feed can be carried out at a distance of up to 160 meters horizontally and 100 meters in height. If it is necessary to deliver the solution to a distance of more than 100 meters, the delivery time can take up to 7-15 minutes. At negative temperature outside air not exceeding minus 10 0С, preparation and supply of the solution is possible with the obligatory arrangement of the so-called "teplok" at the installation site of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment.

3.6. Installation of beacons and laying of cement-sand mortar... The device of beacons is made from a freshly prepared solution with a preliminary leveling with a level without installing guides. After the cement - sand semidry mixture (mortar) is supplied to the place of work, the entire volume of the prepared card is filled with the mixture. The mixture is pulled with a screed rule, moved with a double-sided support on these beacons until flat surface... In the process of work, it is necessary to monitor the state of the exposed beacons. Leveling of the surface and installation of beacons is carried out simultaneously, thereby achieving uniformity of laying and in the future a complete absence of cracks.

3.7. Grinding the screed surface... Work on grinding the surface should be started immediately after leveling the mortar and finished before the mortar starts to set within 1.5 - 2 hours from the moment of filing. The surface should be sanded with a trowel equipped with a leveling disc and in special shoes - concrete steps.

3.8. Cutting expansion joints... To prevent chaotic cracking of the screed during hardening and gaining strength, it is necessary to cut expansion joints, as a result of which the screed cracks in a given direction.

There are three main types of expansion joints:

- Insulation joints
- Shrinkage seams
- Construction joints

Shrinkage seams it is more expedient to cut in a freshly laid solution with a special cutter after processing the surface of the solution with a trowel. The seams must be cut along the axes of the columns and docked with the corners of the seams along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is cut into squares if possible. The length of the card should not exceed 1.5 times its width. The seam depth should be 1/3 of the screed thickness. The seams allow you to create straight planes of slack in the screed. Obviously, the smaller the map, the less chance of chaotic cracking.

Structural seams are tripled in places where the work of laying the screed of the working link ends in a shift. Structural seams work according to the shrinkage principle and, if possible, should be aligned.

ORDER OF LENIN GLAVMOSSTROY AT THE MOSGORISPOLKOM

MOSORGSTROY

TYPICAL TECHNOL OGIC MAP
ON THE DEVICE OF CEMENT-SAND
AND POLYMERCEMENT SCREWS

Moscow - 1982

A typical technological map was developed by the technology design department finishing works Mosorgstroy trust (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N.Strigina) and agreed with the Department of finishing works of Glavmosstroy (I.G. Kozin).

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. Routing developed for the device of cement-sand and polymer-cement screeds, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.

For monolithic cement-sand screeds intended under parquet floors and polymer materials, use a solution of the brand not lower than 150.

Polymer cement mortar is a conventional cement-sand mortar, which contains a polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVAD).

The screeds take all the operational loads on the floors.

The material, thickness and strength of the screeds are assigned by the project, depending on the type of floor covering, the structure of the floors and the purpose of the premises.

This card provides thickness cement-sand screed 40 mm; polymer-cement - 15 mm.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Work on the installation of screeds should be carried out after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screeds can be damaged.

2.2. The device of screeds is allowed at an air temperature at floor level and a temperature of the underlying layer not lower than 5° C, this temperature must be maintained until the screed acquires at least 50% of the design strength.

2.3. When installing cement-sand screeds, the following technological operations are performed:

making marks of a clean floor;

installation of lighthouse rails;

leveling the solution with a rule moved along the beacons;

grouting the surface.

2.4. When installing polymer-cement screeds, the following technological processes are performed:

cleaning the surface of the underlying layer;

making marks of a clean floor;

priming the base with a 5% polyvinyl acetate dispersion of the composition 1: 9 (dispersion: water);

installation of lighthouse rails;

supplying the solution to the place of laying;

leveling the mortar, by the rule moved along the beacons;

wetting the screed with the 5th polyvinyl acetate dispersion;

removal of beacons and sealing of grooves;

grouting the surface.

2.5. Cement-sand mortar is taken into the installation for receiving and transporting hard solutions UPTZhR-2.5.

The mortar is laid as follows: the mortar is fed from the installation to the place of laying through the mortar lines. A damper is attached to the end of the solution line, which is gradually moved by two workers.

The solution, having passed through the absorber, is smoothly placed on the base without impacts.

2.6. The place for the installation of UPTZhR-2.5 and KUSHR-2.7, the compressor must be indicated in the design of the work. The site on which the units are located should be planned.

2.7. Concrete surfaces are thoroughly cleaned of debris and foreign layers. If there is cement milk on the base, it is thoroughly cleaned with metal brushes or scrapers (Fig.).

Rice. 1. Cleaning the base

2.8. The polymer-cement mortar is prepared as follows: the commercial cement-sand mortar is taken into the receiving hopper of the KUSHR-2.7 complex plastering unit. Then a 10% polyvinyl acetate dispersion in the required amount (for 1 m 3 of solution - 250 liters of PVA dispersion) is poured into the bunker. After thorough mixing, the polymer-cement mortar is fed through hoses to the place of installation and then applied to the base through a nozzle (Fig.).

Rice. 2. Priming the base

2.9. When installing screeds on a concrete base, the surface of the underlying layer should be moist, but without water accumulation.

The gaps between the prefabricated floor tiles, their abutments to the walls, as well as the mounting holes must be sealed with cement-sand mortar of grade no less than 100, flush with the surface of the plates.

2.10. The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using a level or water level. In this case, it is taken into account that the level of the finished floor must be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent stairwells.

2.11. The primer is applied to the cleaned base in an even layer using the SO-21A installation (Fig.). The primer composition for priming the base and wetting the screed after applying the solution is prepared at the work site by mixing one part of a 50% PVA dispersion and 4 parts of water.

2.12. The solution is laid along the beacons installed on the verified underlying surface, according to the marked marks.

For lighthouses, steel pipes with a diameter of 12.5 mm are used when installing polymer-cement screeds and with a diameter. 31 mm when installing cement-sand screeds. They are installed on mortar stamps parallel to the long side of the wall. The first lighthouse is installed, retreating from the wall by 50 - 60 cm, the rest are placed parallel to the first after 2 - 2.5 m (Fig.).

Rice. 3. Installation of beacons

2.13. The solution is laid in strips bounded by two adjacent beacons. The solution is laid in strips after one. Laying starts from the wall opposite the entrance doors and proceeds in the direction of the door. The surface of the laid layer of mortar should be 2 - 3 mm higher than the top of the beacons (Fig. I).

Rice. 4. Supply of mortar with a damper when installing cement-sand screeds

Rice. 5. Application of the solution with a nozzle when installing polymer-cement screeds

The laid mortar is leveled in the same plane with the beacons using a rule that is supported by two beacons (Fig.) And compacted with a vibrating screed. A day after laying the solution, the beacons are removed and the resulting grooves are filled with a solution, carefully rubbing it with a trowel. The resulting beads of solution are scraped off with scrapers.

Rice. 6. Leveling mortar

2.14. Freshly laid cement-sand screed is protected from moisture loss until the mortar acquires the required strength. To do this, one day after installation, it is covered with matting and moistened with water for 7 - 10 days at least once a day using the SO-21A installation.

2.15. When the screed reaches a strength of 25 - 30 kg / cm 2, the screed surface is smoothed and trowelled with a machine for grouting a SO-89 cement screed (Fig.).

Rice. 7. Grouting the screed

2.16. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-B.14-72 "Floors. Rules for production and acceptance of works ":

cracks, gouges and open seams in screeds are not allowed. The deviation of the thickness of the screeds from the design is allowed only in certain places and should not exceed 10% of the specified thickness;

the surface of the screeds should be at the level of the specified marks;

the surface of the screeds must be horizontal or have a given slope. The horizontalness is checked with a control rod with a level;

the evenness of the screed surface is checked with a two-meter rail, which can be moved in all directions. The gaps between the screed and the rail should not exceed 2 mm;

the moisture content of the screeds when installing linoleum floors, PVC tiles, textile coverings, block parquet, parquet boards and boards should be no more than 5%.

2.17. Before starting work on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for their production is obliged to ensure that the workers are briefed and the necessary overalls and personal protective equipment are issued. When performing work, it is necessary to comply with the safety rules set out in SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction".

Pay particular attention to the following:

persons who have passed a medical examination, have a certain qualification, know the device and design features of the equipment, have a certificate for the right to service them, are allowed to service installations and mechanisms;

according to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", the installations must have their own grounding center.

Before starting work, the driver must:

make an external inspection of the installation, the state of the entrance to it;

check the serviceability of electrical wiring and grounding;

check the alarm system to work places.

During work, the driver must:

start and stop the solution supply only upon a signal from the workplace;

serve the solution only after thorough mixing.

The control and maintenance of the DK-9M compressor is allowed to persons who have undergone special training and have a certificate for the right to operate the compressors. Pressure gauges and safety valves must be sealed. Maintenance of the SO-89 trowel should be entrusted to a worker who is familiar with the operating instructions. The electrical connection of the machine must be done by an electrician.

2.18. Works on the installation of cement screeds are performed by a team of 6 people. The composition of the brigade is as follows:

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

A 5th grade concrete worker installs beacons, applies mortar to the base using an extinguisher; evens out the laid mortar with a rail-rule; compresses the solution with a vibrating screed; rubs the surface of the screed with a trowel, controls the quality of the laid screed.

Concrete workers of the 3rd - 4th grade clean the surface, fill the holes with mortar, install beacons, moisten the base, level the mortar over the beacons, rub the screed surface with a trowel.

The 2nd grade concrete worker cleans the surface, seals the potholes with mortar, moves the hoses and the damper during the application of the mortar. The UPTZhR unit is serviced by a driver who is not part of the concrete workers' brigade.

2.19. Work on the device of the polymer-cement screed is carried out by a team of concrete workers of 6 people.

The composition of the brigade is as follows:

concrete worker of the 5th grade (foreman) - 1 (B-1)

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

A 5th grade concrete worker installs beacons, applies mortar to the base using a nozzle, levels the laid mortar with a rule-rail, rubs the surface of the screed, controls the quality of the laid screed.

Concrete workers of the 4th grade install beacons, prime the base, level the laid mortar with a rail-rule, rub the surface of the screed.

Grade 3 concrete workers prepare a polymer-cement mortar and a priming compound.

The 2nd grade concrete worker cleans the surface of the base, takes part in the installation of beacons, moves the hoses in the process of applying the mortar.

2.20. The work schedule of the concrete workers link is given in the appendix.

2.21. Workplace organization diagrams are shown in Fig. ,.

Rice. 8. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

1 - rake rule

2 - screed grout machine

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

A. Device your cement-sand screed

Production per person-day, m 2 - 60.8

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-h - 13.3

including on:

preparation of the foundation - 4.7 (UNiR 2-46 No. 1)

screed device - 4.6 (UNiR 2-46 No. 2)

screed grout - 4.0 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

B. Floor device and cement screed

Production per person-day, m 2 - 48.2

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-hours - 16.59

including on:

foundation preparation - 7.79

screed device - 4.8 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

screed grout - 4.0

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. Sand (GOST 8736-77, 10268-80) used for mortar when installing screeds should have a particle size of no more than 5 mm and not contain clay particles of more than 3% by weight.

Portland cement must have a grade of at least 400. The fluidity of the solution is determined by the standard cone - GOST 5802-78.

Plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion of PVAD should be of 50% consistency.

Material consumption per 100 m2 of floor surface:

plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion 5%, kg (when priming the base) - 4

cement-sand mortar, m - 4.2

polymer cement mortar, kg - 1552

4.2. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is shown in Table 1.

Name	unit of measurement	Quantity	Normative document, organization - calc holder
Installation for transportation of rigid solutions UPTZhR-2.5
Compressor DK-9			Manufactured by industry
Complete plant for plastering works KUSHR-2.7			Experimental repair and mechanical plant of the Mosremstroymash association Glavmosmontazhspetsstroy
Screed grout machine SO-89
Installation SO-21A (for priming the base)			Vilnius Construction Finishing Machinery Plant
Vibrating screed SO-47			Odessa plant of construction and finishing machines
Compressor СО-7А			Vilnius Construction Finishing Machinery Plant
Base scraper			heck. 1233 Mosorgstroy HMS
Rake-rule 3 m long (for leveling mortar)			heck. TE-275 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
Wooden grater			heck. 1154 Mosorgstroy HMS
Control rail 2 m long			heck. TE-276 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
LP-type shovel (for filling grooves with solution)			GOST 9523-81
Mortar box			heck. 69.00.00 UMOR HMS
Construction level			GOST 9416-67

A typical technological map was developed by the design department of the finishing work technology of the Mosorgstroy trust (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N.Strigina) and agreed with the Department of finishing works of Glavmosstroy (I.G. Kozin).

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map is developed for the device of cement-sand and polymer-cement screeds, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.

For monolithic cement-sand screeds intended for floors made of parquet and polymeric materials, a solution of a grade of at least 150 is used.

Polymer cement mortar is a conventional cement-sand mortar, which contains a polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVAD).

The screeds take all the operational loads on the floors.

The material, thickness and strength of the screeds are assigned by the project, depending on the type of floor covering, the structure of the floors and the purpose of the premises.

V real map the thickness of the cement-sand screed is 40 mm; polymer-cement - 15 mm.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Work on the installation of screeds should be carried out after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screeds can be damaged.

2.2. The device of screeds is allowed at an air temperature at floor level and a temperature of the underlying layer not lower than 5 ° C, this temperature must be maintained until the screed acquires a strength of at least 50% of the design.

2.3. When installing cement-sand screeds, the following technological operations are performed:

grouting the surface.

2.4. When installing polymer-cement screeds, the following technological processes are performed:

cleaning the surface of the underlying layer;

making marks of a clean floor;

removal of beacons and sealing of grooves;

grouting the surface.

2.5. Cement-sand mortar is taken into the installation for receiving and transporting hard solutions UPTZhR-2.5.

The solution, having passed through the absorber, is smoothly placed on the base without impacts.

2.6. The place for the installation of UPTZhR-2.5 and KUSHR-2.7, the compressor must be indicated in the design of the work. The site on which the units are located should be planned.

2.7. Concrete surfaces are thoroughly cleaned of debris and foreign layers. If there is cement laitance on the base, it is thoroughly cleaned with metal brushes or scrapers (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Cleaning the base

2.8. The polymer-cement mortar is prepared as follows: the commercial cement-sand mortar is taken into the receiving hopper of the KUSHR-2.7 complex plastering unit. Then a 10% polyvinyl acetate dispersion is poured into the bunker in the required amount (for 1 m 3 of the solution - 250 liters of PVA dispersion). After thorough mixing, the polymer-cement mortar is fed through hoses to the place of installation and then applied to the base through a nozzle (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Priming the base

2.9. When installing screeds on a concrete base, the surface of the underlying layer should be moist, but without water accumulation.

2.11. The primer is applied to the cleaned base in a uniform layer using the SO-21A installation (Fig. 2). The primer composition for priming the base and wetting the screed after applying the solution is prepared at the work site by mixing one part of a 50% PVA dispersion and 4 parts of water.

2.12. The solution is laid along the beacons installed on the verified underlying surface, according to the marked marks.

For lighthouses use steel tubes with a diameter of 12.5 mm when installing polymer-cement screeds and a diameter. 31 mm when installing cement-sand screeds. They are installed on mortar stamps parallel to the long side of the wall. The first lighthouse is installed, retreating from the wall by 50 - 60 cm, the rest are placed parallel to the first in 2 - 2.5 m (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Installation of beacons

Rice. 4. Supply of mortar with a damper when installing cement-sand screeds

Rice. 5. Application of the solution with a nozzle when installing polymer-cement screeds

The laid mortar is leveled in the same plane with the beacons using a rule that is supported by two beacons (Fig. 6), and compacted with a vibrating screed. A day after laying the solution, the beacons are removed and the resulting grooves are filled with a solution, carefully rubbing it with a trowel. The resulting beads of solution are scraped off with scrapers.

Rice. 6. Leveling mortar

2.15. When the screed reaches a strength of 25 - 30 kg / cm 2, the screed surface is smoothed and trowelled with a machine for grouting a SO-89 cement screed (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Grouting the screed

2.16. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-B.14-72 "Floors. Rules for production and acceptance of works ":

the surface of the screeds should be at the level of the specified marks;

the surface of the screeds must be horizontal or have a given slope. The horizontalness is checked with a control rod with a level;

the evenness of the screed surface is checked with a two-meter rail, which can be moved in all directions. The gaps between the screed and the rail should not exceed 2 mm;

the moisture content of the screeds when installing linoleum floors, PVC tiles, textile coverings, block parquet, parquet boards and boards should be no more than 5%.

2.17. Before the start of work on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for their production is obliged to ensure that the workers are briefed and the necessary work clothing and equipment is issued individual protection... When performing work, it is necessary to comply with the safety rules set out in SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction".

Pay particular attention to the following:

according to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", the installations must have their own grounding center.

Before starting work, the driver must:

make an external inspection of the installation, the state of the entrance to it;

check the serviceability of electrical wiring and grounding;

check the alarm system to work places.

During work, the driver must:

start and stop the solution supply only upon a signal from the workplace;

serve the solution only after thorough mixing.

2.18. The work on the installation of cement screeds is performed by a team of 6 people. The composition of the brigade is as follows:

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

Concrete workers of the 3rd - 4th grade clean the surface, fill up the holes with mortar, install beacons, moisten the base, level the mortar over the beacons, rub the surface of the screed with a trowel.

2.19. Work on the device of the polymer-cement screed is carried out by a team of concrete workers of 6 people.

The composition of the brigade is as follows:

concrete worker of the 5th grade (foreman) - 1 (B-1)

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

Concrete workers of the 4th grade install beacons, prime the base, level the laid mortar with a rail-rule, rub the surface of the screed.

Grade 3 concrete workers prepare a polymer-cement mortar and a priming compound.

The 2nd grade concrete worker cleans the surface of the base, takes part in the installation of beacons, moves the hoses in the process of applying the mortar.

2.20. The work schedule of the concrete workers link is given in the appendix.

2.21. Workplace organization diagrams are shown in Fig. 8, 9.

Rice. 8. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

1 - rake rule

2 - screed grout machine

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

A. Cement-sand screed device

Production per person-day, m 2 - 60.8

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-h - 13.3

including on:

preparation of the foundation - 4.7 (UNiR 2-46 No. 1)

screed device - 4.6 (UNiR 2-46 No. 2)

screed grout - 4.0 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

B. Polymer cement screed device

Production per person-day, m 2 - 48.2

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-hours - 16.59

including on:

foundation preparation - 7.79

screed device - 4.8 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

screed grout - 4.0

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. Sand (GOST 8736-77, 10268-80) used for mortar when installing screeds should have a particle size of no more than 5 mm and not contain clay particles of more than 3% by weight.

Portland cement must have a grade of at least 400. The fluidity of the solution is determined by the standard cone - GOST 5802-78.

Plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion of PVAD should be of 50% consistency.

Material consumption per 100 m2 of floor surface:

plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion 5%, kg (when priming the base) - 4

cement-sand mortar, m - 4.2

polymer cement mortar, kg - 1552

4.2. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is shown in Table 1.

Name	unit of measurement	Quantity	Normative document, organization - calc holder
Installation for transportation of rigid solutions UPTZhR-2.5
Compressor DK-9			Manufactured by industry
Complex installation for plastering KUSHR-2.7			Experimental repair and mechanical plant of the Mosremstroymash association Glavmosmontazhspetsstroy
Screed grout machine SO-89
Installation SO-21A (for priming the base)
Vibrating screed SO-47			Odessa plant of construction and finishing machines
Compressor СО-7А			Vilnius Construction Finishing Machinery Plant
Base scraper			heck. 1233 Mosorgstroy HMS
Rake-rule 3 m long (for leveling mortar)			heck. TE-275 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
Wooden grater			heck. 1154 Mosorgstroy HMS
Control rail 2 m long			heck. TE-276 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
LP-type shovel (for filling grooves with solution)

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

Arrangement of cement-sand floor screed with fiber reinforcement in a mechanized way

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map is developed for the device of cement-sand screeds from a hard semi-dry mortar, with the addition of polypropylene synthetic fiber (construction micro-reinforcing fiber - VSM), performed by a mechanized method, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.

The thickness, strength of the screed and the material are assigned by the project depending on the type of floor covering, floor structure and the purpose of the premises based on the requirements:

SP 29.13330.2011 Floors. Updated edition of SNiP 2.03.13-88;

Floors. The set of rules (in the development of SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors" and SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings");

MDS 31-6.2000 "Recommendations for the construction of floors", regulating the sequence of operations for the preparation and installation of cement-sand hard semi-dry mixtures (mortars) using polypropylene synthetic fiber, - screed device and quality control of the work performed (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Fiber screed device

When developing this technological map, the requirements for the quality of the materials used were also taken into account:

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction works... Specifications (as amended);

GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Technical conditions;

GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions;

Change N 1 GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General technical conditions.

The developed technology for the manufacture and installation of screeds with the use of fiberglass, modern Russian and German equipment is used in the most various industries activities:

Housing and civil complexes;

In industrial, civil and public buildings (Fig. 2);

Fig. 2. Floor screed device in industrial, civil and public buildings

In production and industrial workshops;

When arranging storage facilities;

In garages and car repair shops;

In trade halls and exhibition complexes;

In multi-storey parking lots;

In aircraft hangars and cargo terminals;

In offices, basements and roofs.

Technological stages of the device of the floor screed by a mechanized method with fiber reinforcement (fig. 3)

The necessary measurements are taken, a topographic map of the premises is drawn up. The goal is to measure the area and thickness of the layer. Deviations from the horizon line to the existing coverage are recorded from a given reference point (options are possible) using a laser level. Based on the fixation of deviations and their further miscalculation at many points, the future thickness of the screed is determined;

The base is being prepared - the surface is freed from foreign objects, debris;

In the immediate vicinity of the object of work (on the street), equipment is located - a pneumatic blower. It is a self-contained unit with a diesel engine in the form of a semi-trailer;

Mortar hoses, through which the mixture prepared in the pneumosupercharger is transmitted to the work site, are mounted from the equipment to the premises;

The necessary materials are placed in the immediate vicinity of the equipment - sand, cement, fiberglass, plasticizer, water (constantly replenished container);

Indoor surface is sheltering technical film, along the perimeter of the room and at the points of abutment to vertical surfaces, a damper tape is mounted;

In certain proportions, the material is fed into the mixing chamber of the pneumosupercharger, mixed and fed in portions to the work site (the possibility of supplying the finished solution to a height of up to the 30th floor);

The mixture is taken using a special damper connected to the sleeves high pressure, pre-planned, rammed;

From a given horizon line special technology from the ready-made solution, beacons are formed for laying in the future a ready-made hard (semi-dry) solution at an equal distance from a given horizon line;

With the help of special smoothing rails (rules), a surface is formed according to previously made beacons;

The surface is rubbed and additionally compacted with a surface grinder;

Are cut expansion joints;

The surface is covered with plastic wrap.

Fig. 3. Technological stages of the screed device

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FOR THE DEVICE OF THE FLOOR SCREEDING

2.1. A screed is a monolithic or prefabricated layer of relatively strong material in multi-layer structures of floors and roofs of buildings. Designed for the perception, distribution and transmission of loads (for example, on the roofs - snow cover, on the floors - the presence of people, goods, equipment), for leveling the underlying layer or giving the covering layer of roof and floor structures a given slope, as well as for flooring them with a finishing cover, movement of equipment and people on it.

2.2. Work on the installation of a screed using fiber (construction microreinforcing fiber - VSM) must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screed may be damaged.

2.3. The screed device is allowed to be carried out at an air temperature at floor level and a temperature of the underlying layer not lower than 5 ° C, the temperature must be maintained for the entire duration of the work and until the screed acquires a strength of at least 50% of the design.

2.4. A screed made of a hard semi-dry mortar, performed by a mechanized method, must be laid from one time to the design height.

2.5. In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying insulating material (damping tapes made of expanded polyethylene, isolon, isocom) to the entire height of the screed just before laying the mortar.

2.6. To prevent chaotic cracking of the screed during hardening and gaining strength, it is necessary to cut the shrinkage seams, as a result of which the screed will crack in a given direction. Shrinkage seams should be cut along the column axes and butted with the corners of the seams along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is cut into squares if possible. The length of the card must not exceed 1.5 times its width. The generally accepted rule is that the smaller the card, the less chance of chaotic cracking.

2.7. When installing screeds from a hard semi-dry mortar, taking into account their design features, at the facility you should perform:

Preparatory work:

Provision of access roads of freight transport to the place of work;

Determine the location of equipment installation and storage building materials for making and serving mortar mixture;

Providing a power access point;

Providing the necessary lighting for the work site;

Securing the supply technical water to the place where the equipment is installed.

Technological operations:

Cleaning the surface of the underlying layer;

Making marks of a clean floor;

Installation of insulating material for the entire height of the screed along the perimeter of the walls, around the columns and foundations;

Preparation of cement-sand mortar;

Supply of mortar to the place of installation;

Arrangement of beacons;

Laying cement-sand mortar;

Grinding the screed surface with trowels (Fig. 4);

Fig. 4. Screed Surface Grinding Machine

Cutting expansion joints.

Materials (edit)

The choice of work technology, the use of the necessary equipment, initial building materials forfloor screed devices are due to the purpose of the latter and the requirements that the practice of their operation puts forward to them.

For the production of semi-dry cement-sand screed, the following are used:

Fig. 5. Sand for construction works

Sand for construction work (GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications (with amendments)), used for the preparation of a solution when installing screeds, must have a particle size of no more than 3 mm and not contain clay particles more than 3% by weight (Fig. 5).

Fig. 6. Cement

Cement - Portland cement not lower than PTs-400 DO grade. To bringcement marking in accordance with the European standard EN 197-1, a new GOST 30515 has been introduced in the Russian Federation. It is used in the production of critical concrete and reinforced concrete structures in industrial construction, where high requirements are imposed on water resistance, frost resistance, durability (Fig. 6).

Fig. 7. Polypropylene fiber

Polypropylene fiber is a building micro-reinforcing fiber (VSM), added to cement-sand mortars, inconcrete , foam concrete, etc. (fig. 7). The main task of the fiber reinforcement of the above materials is to increase the strength indicators for impact strength, crack resistance, increase the tensile strength of the material, as a result of which the materials acquire qualitatively new properties. Building microreinforcing fiber - VSM (synthetic fiber, fiber) is a multifunctional reinforcing additive for concrete and mortars.

Constructive decisions by arrangement of the base for floors in the formmonolithic floating screed additionally include screeds as constituent elements plastic wrap, insulating (damper tapes) and heat and sound insulating materials (Fig. 8-11).

Fig. 8. Soundproof underlay

Fig. 9. Penoplex

Fig. 10. Polyethylene film

Fig. 11. Damper tape

Applied equipment and tools:

Pneumatic mortar pump with a hopper for preparing a semi-dry screed, manufactured by Brinkman, Putzmeister, Germany, electric smoothing (grinding) machines, a laser level, rules and other small tools (Fig. 12-14).

Fig. 12. Laser level

Fig. 13. Pneumatic mortar pump with a hopper for preparing a semi-dry screed

Fig. 14. Electric smoothing (grinding) machine

3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF PERFORMANCE OF WORKS ON THE DEVICE OF THE FLOOR SCREEDING

3.1. The surface of the underlying layer is cleaned before laying the cement-sand mortar. The surface of the base is inspected, thoroughly cleaned of debris and extraneous layers, dust is removed using an industrial vacuum cleaner, the horizontalness of the base and the correctness of the slopes are checked, fat spots are removed, if there are cracks at the base, cracks are expanded and filled with a repair compound, the gaps between the prefabricated plates are closed. The substrate must be clean, sound and free from delamination.

3.2. Making marks. The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using a laser level. It should be borne in mind that the level of the finished floor must be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent stairwells.

3.3. Insulation seams. In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying an insulating material (damping tapes made of expanded polyethylene, izolon, isocom) with a thickness of 4-8 mm to the entire height of the screed immediately before laying the mortar.

3.4. Screed preparation. The place for the installation of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment for the preparation and supply of the mixture, the place of storage of building materials must be indicated in the project for the production of works or agreed with the Customer. The required area for placing equipment and materials is from 30 to 50 m... Semi-dry screed is prepared directly at the construction site or at the work site.

When preparing a screed by a mechanized method with the use of fiber, certain requirements are observed, the ratio of the volume of sand to the volume of cement, which should be a 3: 1 ratio, under the strict condition that the washed seeded sand with a particle size modulus of 2-3 mm corresponds. Standard pneumatic conveying equipment has a mixing hopper volume of 250 liters, the actual volume of the finished mixture is 200 liters. The minimum amount of cement per hopper load should not be less than 50 kg (1 standard bag). The water-cement ratio is in the range of 0.34-0.45, which corresponds to 17-24 liters of water per bunker load.

Loading of sand, cement and water is carried out in two stages. First stage: first loadedvolume of sand (about 75 kg) and a 50 kg bag of cement. Then add 10-12 liters of water and polypropylene fiber. The second stage: the final loading of the working bunker with sand of about 100 kg and the required amount of water of about 7-12 liters, as well as fiber, is carried out. Consumption of the used polypropylene fiber is about 120-150 grams for a full hopper load, i.e. for one batch at the rate of 700-900 grams per cubic meter of the prepared solution. Fibrin is added with every proportion of water. The full loaded mass is mixed for at least two minutes. The total running time of the mixing hopper, taking into account the loading time, is from 4 to 7 minutes.

3.5. Supply of mortar to the place of installation. The prepared cement-sand mortar under pressure is fed in portions through rubber hoses directly to the place of installation and is placed on the base through the mortar absorber. On large areas, the floor screed is carried out with cards. The size of the map is determined by the productivity of the working link, i.e. floor area laid in one working shift. The time for feeding the prepared solution should not exceed 5 minutes. Depending on the type of equipment, the feed can be carried out at a distance of up to 160 meters horizontally and 100 meters in height. If it is necessary to deliver the solution to a distance of more than 100 meters, the delivery time can take up to 7-15 minutes. At a negative outside air temperature not exceeding minus 10 ° C, the preparation and supply of the solution is possible with the obligatory arrangement of the so-called "hothouse" at the installation site of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment.

3.6. Installation of beacons and laying of cement-sand mortar. The device of beacons is made from a freshly prepared solution with a preliminary leveling with a level without installing guides (Fig. 15).

Fig. 15. Installation of beacons and laying of cement-sand mortar

After the cement-sand semi-dry mixture (mortar) is supplied to the place of work, the entire volume of the prepared map is filled with the mixture. The mixture is stretched with a screed rule, moved with a double-sided support on these beacons until a flat surface is obtained. In the process of work, it is necessary to monitor the state of the exposed beacons. Leveling of the surface and installation of beacons is carried out simultaneously, thereby achieving uniformity of laying and in the future a complete absence of cracks.

3.7. Grinding the screed surface (fig. 16). Work on grinding the surface should be started immediately after leveling the mortar and finished before the mortar begins to set within 1.5-2 hours from the moment of filing. The surface should be sanded with a trowel equipped with a leveling disc and in special shoes - concrete shoes.

Fig. 16. Grinding the screed surface

3.8. Cutting expansion joints (Fig. 17). To prevent chaotic cracking of the screed during hardening and gaining strength, it is necessary to cut expansion joints, as a result of which the screed cracks in a given direction. There are three main types of expansion joints:

Insulation seams;

Shrinkage seams;

Structural seams.

It is more expedient to cut the shrinkage joints in a freshly laid mortar with a special cutter after the surface of the mortar has been treated with a trowel. The seams must be cut along the axes of the columns and joined with the corners of the seams along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is cut into squares if possible. The length of the card must not exceed 1.5 times its width. The seam depth should be 1/3 of the screed thickness. The seams allow you to create straight planes of weakness in the screed. Obviously, the smaller the map, the less chance of chaotic cracking.

Fig. 17. Cutting expansion joints

Structural seams are tripled in places where the work of laying the screed of the working link ends in a shift. Structural joints work on the shrinkage principle and, if possible, should be aligned.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF WORKS

4.1. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 29.13330.2011 Floors. Updated edition of SNiP 2.03.13-88 (section 8 Screed (base for floor covering)).

4.2. The smallest thickness of a cement-sand or concrete screed to create a slope at the junction with gutters, channels and ladders should be: when laying it on floor slabs - 20 mm, on a heat and sound insulating layer - 40 mm. The thickness of the screed for covering pipelines (including in heated floors) must be at least 45 mm greater than the diameter of the pipelines.

4.3. To level the surface of the underlying layer and cover the pipelines, as well as to create a slope on the floor, monolithic screeds made of concrete of a class of at least B12.5 or from cement-sand mortars based on dry building floor mixtures on a cement binder with a compressive strength of at least 15 should be provided. MPa.

4.4. The thickness of monolithic screeds made of dispersion-self-compacting mortars based on dry mixes of building flooring with a cement binder, used to level the surface of the underlying layer, must be at least 1.5 times the diameter of the maximum filler contained in the composition.

4.5. Adhesion strength (adhesion) of screeds based on cement binder for pull-off with concrete base at the age of 28 days should be at least 0.6 MPa. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar (concrete) to the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design.

4.6. In places where screeds, made along soundproof gaskets or backfills, are interfaced with other structures (walls, partitions, pipelines passing through ceilings, etc.), gaps with a width of 25-30 mm must be provided for the entire thickness of the screed, filled soundproof material.

4.7. In rooms, during the operation of which air temperature drops (positive and negative) are possible, expansion joints must be provided in the cement-sand or concrete screed, which must coincide with the axes of the columns, seams of floor slabs, expansion joints in the underlying layer. Expansion joints must be sewn with a polymer elastic composition.

4.8. In screeds of heated floors, it is necessary to provide for expansion joints, cut in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The seams are cut to the full thickness of the screed and sewn with an elastic polymer composition. The step of expansion joints should be no more than 6 m.

5. NEED FOR MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

5.1. Sand for construction work. GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications (as amended).

5.2. GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. "Specifications".

5.3. GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions.

5.4. Change N 1 GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General technical conditions.

5.5. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Necessary equipment and tools

N
p / p

Equipment for preparation and supply of solutions

Unit meas., pcs.

Quantity

Mortar pump (pneumatic blower)

PCS.

Floor screed trowel

PCS.

Seam cutting machine (seam cutter)

PCS.

Industrial vacuum cleaner

PCS.

Rail-rule length 3 m

PCS.

Control rail

PCS.

Construction level

PCS.

Laser level

PCS.

Base scraper

PCS.

LP type shovel

PCS.

Tank for industrial water

PCS.

Bucket

PCS.

6. SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION

6.1. Before starting work on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for the production is obliged to ensure that the workers are briefed and the necessary overalls and personal protective equipment are issued. When performing work, it is necessary to comply with the safety rules set out in SNiP 12-03-2001 Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements and SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

6.2. Pay particular attention to the following:

Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, have a certain qualification, know the device and design features of the equipment, have a certificate for the right to service them are allowed to service installations and mechanisms;

According to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", the installations must have their own grounding center.

6.3. Before starting work, the driver must:

Carry out an external inspection of the installation;

Check the serviceability of electrical wiring and grounding;

Check the alarm system to the workplaces.

6.4. During work, the driver must:

Start and stop the solution supply only upon a signal from the workplace;

Serve the solution only after thorough mixing.

6.5. Persons who have undergone special training and have a certificate for the right to operate are allowed to operate and maintain the equipment. Pressure gauges and safety valves must be sealed. The maintenance of the trowel must be entrusted to a worker who is familiar with the operating instructions. The electrical connection of the machine must be done by an electrician.

7. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

FER 81-02-11-2001 State estimate standards. Federal unit rates for construction and special construction work. Part 11. Floors (as amended by orders of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated January 30, 2014 N 31 / pr, dated October 17, 2014 N 634 / pr, dated November 12, 2014 N 703 / pr).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SP 29.13330.2011 Floors. Updated edition of SNiP 2.03.13-88.

Floors. The set of rules (in the development of SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors" and SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings").

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications (as amended).

GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Technical conditions.

GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions.

Change N 1 GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General technical conditions.

SNiP 12-03-2001 Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.

SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

SP 48.13330.2011 Organization of construction. Updated edition of SNiP 12-01-2004.

SP 50.13330.2012 Thermal protection of buildings. Updated edition of SNiP 23-02-2003.

GOST 12.1.044-89 SSBT. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination.

GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT. Manufacturing equipment. General safety requirements.

GOST R 12.1.019-2009 SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection.

GOST 12.1.003-83 SSBT. Noise. General safety requirements.

GOST 12.1.004-91 SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.

GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air working area.

GOST 12.4.011-89 SSBT. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification.

GOST 12.2.013.0-91 SSBT. Hand-held electric machines. General safety requirements and test methods.

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390 On fire safety.

ST SRO OSMO-2-001-2010 Self-regulation standard. Electrical safety. General requirements at production facilities of organizations performing work that affect the safety of capital construction facilities.