Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: Capital, Areas and Cities. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District
When people suffer from unbearable heat in Central Russia, the inhabitants of Yamal enjoy the cold. Despite the harsh weather conditions, very good people live here who gave this place their name. The Yamal Peninsulas they refer to the "edge of the Earth", since it is so translated from Nenetsky his name.
History of Cold Yamal
The first mention of the Yamal Earth is dated to the XI century, but the Novgorod merchants managed to get there before. Their mention of the northern lands were fantastic. Travelers told about proteins and deers who fell on the ground, like raindrops with clouds. From this point on, the popularity of Yamal began to grow.
In order to finally conquer rich northern lands, Tsar Fedor sent a campaign in 1592. A few years later, the Cossack squad was created by the strengthening of Obdorsk. Today, everyone knows this place as Salekhard - the city, which is the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets district. After the northern lands were conquered and switched to Russia, the rapid increase in the power of this state began.
Russia, Yamal Peninsula. Location
The North and Cold Peninsula of Russia is located on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets District. In size, it ranks fourth, is washed by the Kara Sea from three sides, as well as Baydarack and Ob Lip bays. The last lip separates the main part of the mainland from the peninsula.
The vegetation world here is only the tundra and forest tundra areas. Floer make up low shrubs, mosses, trees, lichens and herbaceous plants. Animal and floral world are very poor here, but there are a lot of fish.
The peninsula is famous for its unsurpassed cold beauty and indispensable lands. Believe me, the spectacle is impressive. From all over the country, guests come here to look at this area. Impressions are sometimes so strong that people who came for six months are decided to stay here forever.
Yamal is located behind the northern polar circle, it strongly affects its climate. Summer on the peninsula can be compared, rather, with a thaw, since the temperature is +6, although in the tundra in July it can reach 30 degrees Celsius.
The land on the peninsula is permafrost, where the tundra is represented as a swampy plain. On Yamal there are a lot of small lakes that are suitable for economic activities. There are valuable breeds of salmon fish.
Now you know where the Yamal Peninsula is located.
The local climate is strongly affected by health. Of course, the northern people have their own diseases, such as the frostbite of the upper part of the lungs.
Scientists identified one very curious moment, which is directly connected to the north. Everyone who lived in the peninsula of Yamal more than seven years of people expands cardiac artery. This change affects the psychosomatic state of the individual, as a result of which a person becomes more hospitable, kinder, responsive and gentle. In such difficult conditions it is impossible to survive, remaining a wolf, so there is nothing surprising in change.
Treasure of permafrost
Peninsula Yamal Many are called a gas cylinder, but the inhabitants of this comic nickname do not take offense. They only correct, saying that their autonomous district is the gas heart of Russia. Gas here really so much that he even goes to the surface.
Here photos of the funnel were made, the diameter of which is 60 meters. This natural phenomenon made this place famous, but did not surprise specialists at all. Such funnels are very often appearing in permafrost, containing a large stock of natural gas. It is this place that the Peninsula Yamal. Photo of the famous funnel in front of you.
Reindeer years and fisheries were considered the main sectors of the economy. The billet of the fur increased with a rapid pace. However, as soon as the district was formed, there was a completely new branch to develop - crop production. People began to grow feed root roots, potatoes and vegetables.
Administrative territorial device of the peninsula
As part of the autonomous district, it is listed:
6 urban settlements;
6 urban districts;
36 rural settlements;
7 municipal districts.
Popularinsula Peninsula Yamal
Noyabrsk;
New Urengoy;
Gubkinsky;
Labynyangi;
Salekhard;
Tarco Sale;
Muravlenko;
The largest settlements are:
1. New port;
2. Yar-Sale;
3. Salemal;
4. Cape Stone;
5. Panayevsk;
Urban Types:
Korobalovo;
Pangody;
Limbieta;
Tazovsky;
Urengoy;
Old Nadym.
Peninsula Yamal is partially populated, complete development is complicated by climatic conditions.
Population of the Peninsula
Quite a long time, the district was practically deserted, exclusively hants, nonsense and the Selkup tribes were dwelling here. They were engaged in hunting and reindeer herding and conducted a nomadic lifestyle.
The situation began to change from the 20th century, at this time the development of the natural riches of the district began and the population was gradually began to increase.
Population size:
1926 - 19,000 people;
1975 - 122,000;
2000 - 495 200 people;
2012 - 539 800;
National Structure (in Percent):
Sellocks - 0.4;
Khanty - 1.9;
Nenets - 5.9;
Tatars - 5.6;
Other nationalities - 17.5;
Ukrainians - 9.7;
Russians - 61.7.
It should be noted that the Yamal Peninsula is the only subject of the Russian Federation, where the natural population increase has been preserved. This fact takes place in all settlements, cities and districts.
The birth rate here is much higher than all-Russian, and mortality is much lower. This is a very good indicator. The number of population is constantly increasing, and at the expense of natural growth.
Peninsula Yamal is the territory of permafrost and unsurpassed landscapes. This is an amazing land that will not leave anyone indifferent. All who at least once visited Yamal, will surely come back here.
To date, Yamal is considered a stable, dynamically developing region. It is a solid foundation for socio economic DevelopmentWhat is very important for the northern regions, and for the country as a whole.
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) - the distant northern region, harsh and beautiful, the land, on which the traditions of indigenous peoples closely intersect and achieve modern science. It is unique, in it bizarrely combine the severity of the northern climate and the kindness of local residents, the stupidity of the polar sun and the generosity of the northern nature, the endless whiteness of winter days and fantastic paints of autumn.
Yamal has always attracted travelers and scientists with its uniqueness, natural and cultural wealth, clean air and the primacy of nature. But in order to see all the beauty of Yamal, you need to give a trip a lot of time, and in our rapid century it is very difficult to do it. With this site, everyone will be able to make a virtual, but exciting journey to the world of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
(Outdated - Samoyed, Yuraki) - the self-session people in Russia, inhabiting the Eurasian coast of the Arctic Ocean from the Kola Peninsula to Taimyr. Nenets are divided into European and Asian (Siberian). European Nenets are resettled in the Nenets Autonomous District of the Arkhangelsk region, and Siberian in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District of the Tyumen region and in the Dolgan-Nenets Taimyr Municipal District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Small groups of Nenets live in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, the Komi Republic.
Of the indigenous small peoples of the Russian north, Nenets are the most numerous. According to the results of the 2002 census, 41,302 Nenets lived in Russia, of which about 27,000 lived in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.
Traditional occupation - large-scale reindeer herding. On the Peninsula, Yamal several thousand nonsense reindeer herders holding about 500,000 deer lead a nomadic lifestyle. The housing of the Nenets is the conical chum (me).
The names of the two autonomous districts of Russia (Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets) mention the Nenets, as the title nationality of the district; Another such district (Taimyr (Dolgan-Nenets) Autonomous District) in 2007 was abolished and transformed into the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Nenets are divided into two groups: tundra and forest. Tundra Nenets are a majority. They live in two autonomous districts. Forest Nenets - 1500 people. They live in the Pur River Basin and Taz in the south-east of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District.
lucky baby from the hospital 
Due to the presence in the territory of the Sayan Highland tribes, whose tongue was still in the recent past. The Selfish, Stallenberg suggested that Samoyed Sayansky Highlands are descendants of the self-major zone, where they were the aborigines that from the north part of the Samoyloy, under the influence of some reasons moved to South, settling Sayan Highlands.
Fisher's theory - crash
The opposite point of view was expressed by the historian Fisher, who assumed that the Northern Peaces (ancestors of modern Nenets, Nganasan, Entsents, Selkups and Yurakov) are descendants of Samoyed tribes of the Sayan Highlands, who advanced from Southern Siberia to more northern regions. This is the assumption of Fisher in the XIX century. It was supported by a huge linguistic material and justified by Castrene, which assumed that in the first millennium N. e., in connection with the so-called great movement of the peoples, the self-name tribes were ousted by Turks from the limits of the Sayan Highlands to the north. In 1919, the researcher of the Arkhangelsk North A. A. Zhilinsky spoke sharply against this theory. The main argument - such a relocation would require a sharp change of the type of environmental management, impossible in a short time. Modern Nenets - reindeer breeders, and peoples living in the Sayan Nagoras - farmers (about 97.2%)
Khanty
Khanty is the people, since ancient times, living in the north of the Russian Federation, mainly in the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts. Khanty is not the only name of this people, in the West, it is known as an essay or Ugra, but more accurate self-confusion "Khanty" (from the Khanty "Kantha" - the person, the people) was enshrined in Soviet times as official.
In the historical chronicles, the first written mention of the people of Khanty are found in Russian and Arabic sources of the X century, but it is known that the ancestors of Khantah lived in the territory of the Urals and Western Siberia already in 6-5 millennia BC, subsequently they were displaced nomads in the land of Northern Siberia.
Typically, Khanty are people of low growth, about 1.5-1.6 m, with straight black or dark brown hair, dark-skinned skin, dark eyes. The type of person can be described as Mongolian, but with a cut eye of the right shape - a little flat face, the cheeks are noticeably issued, the lips are fat, but not complete.
Culture of people, language and spiritual world Not uniform. This is explained by the fact that the Khanty settled quite widely and various cultures were formed in different climatic conditions. Southern Khanty was mostly engaged in fishing, but they were also known agriculture and cattle breeding. The main classes of the Northern Khanty were reindeer herding and hunting, less frequently fishing.
Khanty, engaged in hunting and fishing, had 3-4 dwellings in different seasonal settlements, which changed depending on the season. Such dwellings were made of logs and put it directly to the ground, sometimes they pre-knocked out a hole (by the type of dusts). Khanty-reindeer herders lived in the plague - a portable dwelling consisting of the poles put in a circle, fastened in the center covered on top of the bark (summer) or skins (winter).
Khanty with antiquity revered the elements of nature: sun, moon, fire, water, wind. Also, Khantov existed a chaotic patrovers, family deities and patrons of ancestors. Every family had his own totem animal, he was read, considering it one of the distant relatives. This animal could not be killed and eating.
The bear was honored everywhere, he was considered a defender, he helped hunters, guarded from diseases, resolved disputes. At the same time, on the bear, unlike other totem animals, it was possible to hunt. In order to reconcile the spirit of the bear and killed his hunter Khanty arranged a bear holiday. The frog was revered as the keeper of family happiness and the assistant of the fever. There were also sacred places in which the patron sieve lives. At such places, hunting and fishing was forbidden, since the patron himself guards the animals.
Until our days, traditional rituals and holidays reached the changed form, they were adapted to modern views and timed to certain events (for example, a bear holiday spend before issuing licenses for a bear shot). Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District 
Komi.
It is known that the people of Komi live on the northern lands from 1 millennia to our era. The name of Komi comes from the self-configuration of the people - Komi Voytir, which means Komi people. Komi are often called Zyryanov, the Word of Zyryan translated from the Komi language means living on the border. As a result of the gradual settlement, the people of Komi were conventionally divided into northern (Komi-Izhemtsy) and South (Sysolites, Priluses) Ethnic groups.
Komi mainly live in the territory of the Komi Republic, part of Komi lives in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District.
The Komi language (Komi language, Komi-Zyryansky language) belongs to the Ural language family. The basis of the writing of Komi is Cyrillic. In the northern regions of the Russian Federation, telecasts and printed publications in the comi language are published.
Usually, Zyryan have medium or slightly above average growth (about 165-170 cm), the correct body. A low, slightly flatted face is framed with dark or black hair, a widespread, eyes gray or brown. Closer to the south of Komi there are blue eyes and blonde hair.
North Komi were reindeer herds, hunters and fishermen, South Komi engaged in hunting and fishing, knew cattle breeding and agriculture, but until the 18th century it was rather utility industries. In the 18th century, due to an increase in the production of fishing animals, there was a sharp reduction in their numbers, since that time cattle breeding, reindeer herding and agriculture became the main classes of Komi.
Komi lived in villages and villages located on the banks of the river. At home they tried to locate along the river in one row. Northern settlements were located at considerable distances from each other and consisted of several houses. In the southern settlements it could live to several hundred people, often such settlements were formed due to the merger of neighboring villages.
The housing served the cutter rectangular huts with a high dump (the lower floor, most often non-residential), covered with a single-sided roof. In the yard were household buildings and two-storey hhel.
The clothes of the southern Komi in style and Crow resembled Russian clothing. Women wore shirts, sundresses, fur coats; The male wardrobe consisted of a shirt, dish, caftan and fur coats. The difference from Russian costumes was in the colors used colors and features of the finish. Northern Komi was often wore clothes characteristic of the Nenets. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District 
Sellock
Sellockups are the most small people of the North of Russia. According to the results of the last census, the number of Selkups is only about 1,700 people. The largest number of people of the people live in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the North-Western Territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Tomsk region.
The official name of the people - Sellokups - was approved only in the 30s of the 20th century, it comes from self-sizing the northern ethnographic group and translated as a forest person. However, this is not the only self-adhesion of the people, the southern seglocks called themselves the crumple (Earthy man), the Obskiy - Syesubep (Taiga Man).
Sellocks belong to the Ural small race, this means that in their appearance there are mongoloid and European-like features. Selkups are dark straight hair, brown eyes, a little dark skin, the nose is small, strongly bent in the nose, the face is most often flat.
Selkup language belongs from the Ural language family. Selkups did not exist for a long time in writing, the first attempt to create writing on the basis of Cyrillic to refer to the 19th century, but this attempt did not have much success as the Russian alphabet did not allow correctly passing the sound of the language.
The second attempt took place in the 30s of the 20th century, as a basis received Latinets, published a large number of educational literature in the Selkkup language. But in just 7 years, in 1930, Selkup writing again moved to Cyrillic because of what a big confusion began. Currently, Selkup is practically not used in printed sources, folk crafts, family communications, folklore remain the main spheres of language applications.
Traditional Selkup classes are fishing and hunting. Northern Sellokups were engaged in reindeer herding, mainly as auxiliary industry (transport, skins, etc.).
The southern seglocks were able to produce ceramic products, processing metals, weak canvases, achieved great success for blacksmiths, grown grain and tobacco. These industries were actively developed up to the 17th century, when they were ousted with better importing goods.
Sights of Yanao
The sights of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District are peculiar and can cause a smile in a person unfamiliar to the life of the region. For example, here you can see a monument ... Komara. The veteran in the extreme north is a person who not only survived the polar night, but also suffered a terrible test in the form of mosquitoes, which are especially evil here. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District 
The list of attractions of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is another sculpture dedicated to the animal: at the entrance to Salekhard there is a 10-meter monument to Mammoth. The region often detect the remains of these extinct animals. Here were found 9-ton beaws, and a century later, scientists were excited about the perfectly preserved Mammoth, whose age approaches 46 thousand years.
In Yamal, the beautiful River of Juriei flows, which finishes his way, falling into the Kara Sea, namely - in his Baidarats.
Through jurisi, an intricate four-kilometer bridge on piles is built - a local architectural landmark.
In the village, a new port can be visited by the largest "natural refrigerator" - a complex of ice underground caves. The length of the tunnels exceeds a kilometer, behind the caves constantly care, which allows them not to lose cold ice glitter even in the summer.
The Yamalo-Nenets District is famous for its natural zones, in the area of \u200b\u200b13 reserves and two reserves - Verkhne-Tazovsky and Gydansky. The territory is dominated by the Taiga sites, and the second is famous for the tundra "lunar" landscapes. The Upper-Tazovsky reserve is one of the largest natural parks in Russia, there are reindeer and unique condo-Socivinsky beaper.
On the territory of the Gydan Reserve are the most beautiful Peninsula of Mail, deer, even, as well as the islands of the Kara Sea. There are a lot of "red-born" fish, animals and birds: a sturgeon, a polar bear, an eagle-white boosten, a walrus, narrow, seal and many others.
Of all the reserves of the region, the Kunovsky Park, located in the Shuryshkar region of the region in the floodplain of Obi and Maly Obi, is of the greatest interest. It contains an incredibly rare white bar - a special kind of crane, which is listed in all the red books of the world. In the reserve you can observe many other types of migratory feathery.
One of the main archaeological monuments of the Yamalo-Nenets district is the Nadym Site - the remains of the settlement of the late XVI-early XVII centuries found in the city of Nadym. Children's toys from wood, tin decorations and copper, hunting skiing and much more were found here.
The oldest of the preserved buildings of the district center were erected at the end of the XIX century. These include, for example, small single-storey buildings on the street of the Republic and Music and Drama Theater. In the center of the city in the early 1990s, the Nikolskaya Tower of Obdorsky Ostrogen was renovated - a monument of wooden architecture of the end of the XVI-early XVII centuries. It adorn the double-headed eagle, from the tower there is a descent to the river semi. It is believed that Salekhard was laid at this place.
For more than twenty years in Nadym, the Ecological and Methodological Center "House of Nature", where you can get acquainted with the nature and ecology of the Yamalo-Nenets district, as well as with the ethnographic heritage of the indigenous people of the region - Nenets.
In Noyabrsk, you can visit the first children's museum in Russia, in most exhibits of which you can play, and some even do it yourself. The museum has a winter garden and a children's workshop, from where, among other things, you can go to a virtual journey through the exhibitions of the world.
You can visit the Znamensky Chapel of the Cross-shaped Znamensky Chapel - one of the most interesting in the district. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District 
Sacred Places of Yanao
1 settlement (sacrificial place) Ust-semi. Salekhard. Located on high indigenous terrace. Semi, approximately 2 km upstream of it in p. Ob. 0.2 km to the yos from the Aviator Sport Complex building. V c. BC. By III century. AD B.C. Adrianov 1932.
2 mangazee settlement Krasnoselkup district.
R. Taz, in the mouth of the river. Mangazeic. 8.5 km north of Sidorovsk. 17th century AD V.N. Chernetov
3. A complex of objects of ethnic culture in the northeast bank of Oz. Small musician Purovsky district, northeastern lake shore Small musician.
4. The cult place "TAZEZNZYAHAH-HEHE" Yamal district, the left bank of the river. Yuri, 3.9 km west of the track of the designed railway.
3. The cult place "Lamizento-Syo" Yamalsky district, on the waterstell of the Lamzento-Syo rivers (3.5 km to the west) and I-Yaha (11.5 km to the east) between Lamento Lamers (14 km south) and Savta- That (12.5 km north).
4. Holy place On the left bank of R. Sayah Yamalsky district, the left indigenous bank r. Sayah, coordinates S.Sh. 70 ° 23 "02.7", V.D. 068 ° 35 "06.7"
5. Sanctuary of Nyakharjah, Uralsky district, r. Nyakhaihaha, coordinates S.Sh.69 ° 25 "34.3", VD68 ° 23 "07.9"
6. Sanctuary Syddailato Priuralsky District, North Coast of Lake Sidypelyto, Coordinates S.Sh. 69 ° 19 "34.5", VD68 ° 15 "04.0"
7. The complex of constructs of the cutting type in the der. Khanty-men Shuryshkar district, der. Khanty-men, Natural Park-Museum "Zhijun" Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District 
Upper Taza Reserve
The reserve is located on the West Siberian Plain, in the Krasnoselkup district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. Its length is 150 km from north to south and 70 km from west to east. The territory is divided into two forestry - Pokolskoye and Tazovskoye, bordering among themselves the water-protection lion along the left bank of the Ratt River.
The reserve was formed in 1986 to preserve and study the natural complexes of the district, unique to the West Siberian Plain and characteristic of its elevation - Siberian Urals. The territory of the reserve is important for the protection of a declining population of the Taiga Reindeer, promising for the reacmirmatization of the Sosvinsky beaver.
The animal world of the Upper-Tazovsky reserve is characteristic of North Taiga, however, he is not sufficiently studied. From large animals are the Bear, Elk, Rossomach. The latter is rare, but constantly. Wolves come here from the tundra rarely. On the upper pelvis during the migration comes. Fox are found along the valleys of rivers.
In the Upper Tazovsky Reserve there are 310 species of vascular plants, 111 sheets of moss, 91 types of lichens. Forests with a predominance of pine in the reserve make up 59.4% of the forestry square. Meet the areas of river terraces. Darky forests occupy not such large areas, but they are more diverse in their composition. They prevail cedar and fir with admixture of fir. The shrub tier is represented by a richness, juniper, rowan. Mokhovoy cover solid or almost solid, places there are leafy lichens, which gives the intercess of the Northern appearance.
On the territory of the reserve registered 149 species of birds. It has about 310 species of vascular plants on its territory. In the fauna of the reserve there are about 35 types of mammals. There are 20 species of fish. The world is represented by such types of animals and birds, like a brown bear, caressing, sable, dehumaria, tetra.
The main attraction of the Upper-Taza Reserve is a relatively rare-resistant pine forest bors with richest jellyts. The reserve is the largest reserve of valuable fur animals - sable and ermine. Consists of one plot of 631.3 thousand hectares; It stretches from the north of the South 150 km, from the east to the west - 70 km.
The climate is continental, with a long cold winter and a pretty warm summer. The amplitude of the minimum winter and maximum summer temperatures reaches 100 degrees. The average duration of the smokery period is 83 days. The reserve is located in the zone of a lack of permafrost.
For the rivers of the Upper-Tazovsky reserve, a moderate course, a large toastness, the presence of numerous sandy shames and relatively tall shores is characteristic. In some areas of rivers there are dumps. In the valleys of rivers, the processes of sissets and fading of high banks are coming. The main river of the reserve - the River Taz is one of the most important Rivers of Western Siberia such valuable species of salmon and sigan, like Nelma, Muksun, Sig, Chir, Pel'l, Tugun. It begins at the Upper Taza Hills. Here they originate and other rivers flowing through the territory of the reserve, such as Golkologo, Ratt, Kellog.
On the territory of the Upper-Tazovsky Reserve there are two types of lakes, differing in genesis - lakes of glacial origin and floodplain origin. The formation of the first is associated with the processes of the formation of sea sediments by the erosion of the sushi sections with glacial waters, they are located on interflunes and have usually rounded the form. The floodplain lakes are old days of rivers, as a rule, an elongated shape, a small width, with shafts and or orst bottoms.
On the "ancient" floodplain terraces, which in places are found on the average and lower course of Ratta and the rollers are common. Ancient on the swamps is rare, pine and birch. The shrub tier is rare, consists of the birch of the dwarf low-speed Yves. Against the background of continuous moss cover, Cassandra is dominated, boiled, cranberries, blueberries, cloudberry, a sabelnik, the essay of the coat, the cannis.
Ecological tourism:
The reserve has developed an interesting environmental trail, there is a small museum of nature and a visit center.
Mysterious hole on Yamal
Scientists explore a giant hole in the ground that appeared on Yamal. Funnel with a diameter of 60 (and according to other data - and up to 80), the meters found last week (July 2014) - it was accidentally noticed from the board of the helicopter. On the Internet there were already all sorts of versions of its origin. Scientists have to find out whether it is the result of man-made impact or falling the cosmic body.
Some media suggested even that the funnel appeared as a result of alien intervention. But to accurately determine the reason for its appearance you need to take the soil samples. According to Russia 24, it is still impossible, since the edges of the funnel are constantly creepy, and it is dangerous to approach it. The first expedition has already been on the spot, and about what scientists saw there, the chief researcher of the Institute of Cryosphere Earth of the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences Marina Labman said.
"No traces of your stay with some technique there are simply no," she said. "You can assume something fantastic: a hot meteorite fell and everything molded. But when the meteorite falls, there are traces of charring, that is, high temperature. Ah There are no tracks in order to affect the high temperature. The traces of water flows are visible, there is some cluster of water. "
According to the portal " Russian newspaper", Scientists consider several versions of the education of this hole. The version that this is an ordinary quarrel failure is unlikely, because the funnel surrounds the soil emissions. If the meteorite shave is formed in the land, then such a powerful blow could not remain unnoticed.
Executive Director of the Subarctic Scientific and Training Polygon, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Anna Kurchatov suggested that there was not a very strong underground explosion here. Probably, gas was accumulated under the ground, at a depth of about 15 meters, the pressure began to increase. As a result, the gas-water mixture broke out, throwing ice with sand, as if a plug of bottle with champagne. Fortunately, it happened away from the pipeline or gas production and processing facility.
The reindeer herders of the Tazovsky district of Yanao discovered the second funnel, externally similar to the "bottomless pit that became famous the other day 30 kilometers from the Bovanenkovskoye deposit.
The new funnel is located on another peninsula - Gydansky, not far from the coast of the Taza lip. The diameter of the crater is much less than that of the first, approximately 15 meters. The other day in its existence was convinced by the deputy director of the state farm Mikhail Lapsui.
However, talking about opening as such is not necessary. According to nomads, the funnel appeared in late September last year. They just did not betray this fact with a broad publicity. And when they knew about a similar phenomenon on the next peninsula, they told about it to local authorities.
"Hole" on Yamal could appear due to marsh gas
Mikhail Lapsui confirms the identity of the Gydan and Yamal natural formations. By the way, and for the distance from the polar circle, they differ little. Externally, except for sizes, everything is very similar.
Judging by the ending the upper borders of the soil, it was released on the surface from the depths of the perplexed rocks. True, those reindeer herders who call themselves a phenomenon are argued: over the site where the release occurred, first there was a haze, then a fire outbreak was followed and the land shuddered.
At first glance - speculation. However, the Executive Director of the Subarctic Scientific and Training Polygon, the Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Anna Kurchatova, is not to mention this version of the emission, as an explosive mixture is formed when mixing methane with air in certain proportions is formed.
Sacred Places in Yamal
Sacred Places in Yamal
Despite the many generic sacred places in Yamal, Taimyr and in the Nenets Autonomous District, there were central religious places for the entire Nenets Ethnic Sheet, such as the Balvanian Nose on Vaigache, Kozmmin Rosetok in the area r. I carried (Nenets Autonomous Okrug), Jav'mal Heha (Yamal), Sir Iri (Fr. White), Minisa in the Polar Urals.
The most revered among the Nenets were two idol stones on Vaigach - Wesoko and Khadako (old man and old woman). The island of Nenets was named "Heabid NGO" - Sacred Earth. The sanctuary of the Wesco is located at Cape Dyakonov. One of the first descriptions of this sacred place left Skipper Stephen Borurou in 1556, he noted that the sanctuary was located about 300 idols, made roughly and primitively, sometimes they were just sticks with cuts that indicate their eyes and mouth. The mouths and eyes of idols and some other parts were smeared with blood. In the "Notes" Jan Guygens Wang Linshotten We find the description of Cape on the southern shore of Vaigach, on which about 300 idols stood [Linshotten, 1915].
In 1826, Archimandrite Veniamin, who gave the activities of the Mission for the appeal of Nenets (Samoyov) of the Arkhangelsk province to Christianity visited the Sanctuary of Wesco. By order of Veniamine, the Sanctuary of Wesoko was completely destroyed, and idols burned down. Despite the complete destruction of the most revered sacred place, the Nenets have repeatedly made it to restore it. In 1837, Biologist A. Shrenk, who visited about. Vaigach, reported that Samoyed himself elected place for sacrifices near the Cross, erected by the Mission of Archimandrite Veniamine, and again set her wooden idols here [Schrenk, 1855]. A. E. Nordencheld, who visited Vaigach in 1887, also wrote about nonsense idols with a bunch of deer horns and skulls standing at the top of the cape in six-hundred meters from the cross [Nordencheld, 1936].
In 1984-1987 Under the leadership of L. P. Khlobstin, a thorough archaeological study of this cultural facility was carried out. In 1986, the Arkhangelsk Arctic Expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR under the leadership of O. V. Ovsyannikova examined the monument of the spiritual culture of Nenets - the Sanctuary of Kozmmin Rosetok ("Harw under" - the road to larch thickel). In 1986-1997 Research on the guidance of P. V. Boyarsky under the leadership of P. V. Boyarsky was conducted on Vaigach. Based on these materials, a map of the sacred places of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug was created.
The main shrine of the Nevel-Hehhe mother of Idol is in the north of. Vaigach in the upper river. Hehaiha, between Lakes Yangoto and Hehto. Judging by V. A. Islavin and A. A. Borisova, the highest rock with a crack, resembling a female sign, Nnetsa called "Nev-Hege".
In the XIX-XX centuries. An active interest in sacred places on Yamal is manifested. In the work of the "Peninsula Yamal" B. Allows gives a description of the sacrificial sites of Jav' Mal Heha, the places of worship of various births living in Yamal.
A lot of time and strength gave the study and description of sacred places Ethnographer-researcher V. P. Evbabov, who organized a scientific expedition in conjunction with the Ural Committee of the North in 1928-1929. According to Tundra Yamal. They are fixed mainly all the major religious places of the Nenets. He also managed to visit and describe the main shrine of Nenets Sir Iry (White Old Man) on about. White. Nenets call him an island of White Old Man (Sir Iri NGO). From ancient times, this island has been a kind of goal on Yamal.
In July-August 2000, with the financial support of the administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, an ethnographic expedition was held in the Yamal district. Its purpose was to study, fixing and collecting information about the sacred and ritual places, the description of historical and cultural monuments, sacred and cult places, national burials (certification, accounting, recommendations for establishing the boundaries of security zones and creating a map of sacred places).
The collected materials are processed, analyzed and compiled a map of sacred places. Many points indicated on the map are examined by the author personally. Some designations of sacred places are recorded from the words of informants living in a given territory.
Sacred place Sir Iry is located in the depths of the island of white, 25-30 km from the Sagliva of Malygin. It, apparently, is not visited for a long time and seems launched. In the center of the sanctuary there is a figure with a height of about 2-2.5 m. Around lying on different sizes of the log, maybe it is an idol. The time and weather did their job, some of them collapsed under the influence of water and wind. Figure Sir Iri is made of a round tree, the master diligently processed the front part, the neck and the transition to the shoulder belt, are scheduled for a small amount of the hand, apparently there were bumps on this place, which facilitated the master to the task. We often had during the expeditions of Yamal to see a similar figure in the sacred nars of the Nenets. At the same time, Sir Iry's figure was always dressed in Malitsa, however, in the descriptions of researchers and travelers, we do not find references to such an attribute of this image. Although the informants argue that in the sacrifice to Sir Iri, they put on the skin of the sacrificial deer (Khan You) (Ya. Ya.) Or Bear (Sir Vark) (Hoody V.).
According to the stories of informants, in the holy place of IBlebahampherty (about. White, Cape Malygin, 15-20 km from the strait) were held sacrifices of a polar bear or white deer. The skin of the sacrificial animal wrapped the central figure of Sydue (idol). With our examination of this sacred place of fresh sacrifices, it was not found, but the remnants of the shocking and skin were lying around. Many white bears and deer skulls were scattered around the altar, and a whole mountain from Cherepov was folded near the central figure.
The sacrificial place Yamal Heha is the place of worship and sacrifices of seven births living on the Peninsula Yamal. According to reindeer herders, any person may come here independently of the genus and tribe. Seven generic sacrificial locations are located on a large distance Friend from each other. The central sacred place is about 2.5 m in height and several meters wide. All sacrifices were found sacrifices. On each sticking different sizes of the idol figures, there are small fresh cut Siyadi, and the traces of blood of blood are visible on their faces, and the sacred poles (Sims) are discovered, they are tied with different colors of the flavors of the fabric. Not far from the altars are visible traces of the fire and burnt lamps.
Sur'nya Heha I am located 25 km from the village. Sunay-Sale for a small river Harwuta. The basis is five larchs. Under them are several chests (lars). Everywhere hanging the horns of sacrificial deer, ribbons of different colors, many dishes. According to the legend, which the villagers told, at this holy place sometimes the hostess appears and scares people who came not for the sacrifice, but for balobiness. Women are generally prohibited here to appear.
Sacred Nart Harwut Heha Han is located on the high bank of the Harwut River. Apparently, it costs here for a long time, since part of it left underground. NARTA Three-spirited, gray-greenish shade, in some places thickets with yellowish-white moss. In Nart, there is a casket, the right side of which is broken. The boards from the Lart and the pieces of Berest are lying around, perhaps the cult items were wrapped before it. In NART, a cult sculpture of 50 cm in size was found. The facial part is clearly processed, the neck is indicated, the figure is narrow and worked less. During the sacred narts examination, two more cult sculptures were discovered: one about 25 cm, most likely men's (the figure was destroyed by time and there are no clear contours), the second is about 30 cm, a more complicated processing, the front part is very clearly worked out, the neck and shoulder part are designated . Most likely, this is a female figure, because the lower part of the body is worked in very detailed: legs, waist. The master is not without interest in the study of female genitals.
Heabida That Hehe I am located 15 km from the village. Syunay-Sale, on the high bank of the Big Lake. Previously, this cult place was very often visited by reindeer herds, distilled herds of deer from the Hen side on the summer pastures on Yamal. But a few years ago, this place was partially destroyed (a large larch was demolished by a tractor on which many sacrificial skulls hung). According to the stories of informants, not far from the broken larch grew up small, and the Nenets began to bring sacrifices to this place. Traces of sacrifices, tugs of deer, colored flasks of fabrics were found here. A very modest sacred place, no bulky pile of sacrificial skulls, as it happens on the North Yamal.
During the expedition, new, previously unexplored religious places were discovered: Limbya Ngudu Heha; Nyarme Hehe I; Sarmik Yara Heha I; Munoma Yama Hehe I; Guard Sale (mouth r. Mordyach); Yasavei Hehe I; Tombie Hehe I; SI'IV SERPIVA HOY (r. Turmaakh); Charotto seds (river. Yurieuri, Yamal); Tirs sleda (Verkhovye R. Yakhadyyakh); Varning Yakha Heh I (Varngeto district); Labaii then (Verkhovye R. Sebessyha).
In the entire territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, generic nonsense borons are scattered. Many travelers and researchers described the Nenets burial and disposal methods [Zavalishin, 1862; Zuev, 1947; Bakhrushin, 1955; Gracheva, 1971; Homich, 1966, 1976, 1995; Sousa, 1994; Lehtisalo, 1998]. Since ancient times, Nenets tried to have cemeteries (chalter ') in generic territories near summer pastures. Usually it was dry places and high hills on the shore of the lakes, rivers. In Yamal, we discovered the burial of various forms. These are burial in Kaldanke (Hoi Ngano), the sharp ends of which are processed by the size of the shape; burial in the deck, in the elongated forms resembling a barrels for salting fish; burial on narts, in facilities, similar to wreckage of ships (large boats); In facilities, similar to sacred narts (with lars), maybe so burned shamans in ancient times.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Source of information and photo:
Social team
Kushelevsky Yu. I. North Pole and Earth Yalmal: Travel Notes. - SPb.: Type. MVD, 1868. - II, 155 p.
http://regionyamal.ru/
A brief report on the journey to the Yamal Peninsula: (Cheat. In total. Syric. I. R.G. O. 19 Feb. 1909) / B. M. Zhitkov p. 20. Checked February 15, 2012.
Evbala V. P. in Tundra I-Mala. - Sverdlovsk: Gosizdat, 1930. - 68 p. - 5,000 copies.
Vasilyev V.I. The historical legends of the Nenets as a source in the study of ethnogenesis and the ethnic history of North-Masonian peoples // Ethnic history and folklore. M.: Science, 1977. P. 113-126.
Vasilyev V.I., Simichenko Yu.B. Modern Taimyr Selfiest Population // SE. 1963. No. 3. P. 9-20.
Golovanov A.V., Zaitsev GS, Profitsky, Yu.P. History of Yamal. Tobolsk; Yar-Sale: Ethnographic Bureau, 1994.
Dunin-Gorkavich A.A. Tobolsky North. M.: Liberey, 1995. T. 1.
Evaven V.P. On the tundra of Yamal to the White Island. Tyumen: IPOS SB RAS, 1992.
Zhitkov B.M. Peninsula Yamal / Zap. IRGO. T. 49. SPb.: Type. MM Stasyulevich, 1913.
Kurilovich A. Gydansky Peninsula and its inhabitants // Soviet north. 1934. No. 1. P. 129-140.
Lar L.A. Shamans and gods. Tyumen: IPOS SB RAS, 1998.
MINENKO N.A. North-West Siberia in the XVII - the first half of the XIX. Novosibirsk: Science, 1975.
Obdorsky Edge and Mangazea in the XVII century: Sat. Documents / Avt.-Cost. E.V. Vershinin, G.P. Squealing. Ekaterinburg: "Thesis", 2004.
http://www.photosight.ru/
Photo S. Vagaev, S. Anisimov, A. Snegirev.
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - National-State Education. Created District on December 10, 1930. As an equal subject, the District is part of the Russian Federation. The administrative center of the district is the city of Salekhard.
County Area 750.3 thousand km2. On its territory could be accommodated Spain, Portugal and Greece together.
The total population of the district is more than 508 thousand people. The strips along the railways and river transport arteries are most closely populated. The average population density of the district is less than 1 person per 1 km2. Industrial development of the district in recent decades has contributed rapid growth of the urban population (more than 85% of the total number of district residents)
Now in the Yamalo-Nenets district there are 8 cities of district subordination - this is Salekhard, Labnyangi, Muravlenko, Nadym, New Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Tarko-Sale and Gubkinsky, 7 urban-type villages: Korobalovo, Limbiajaja, Pangoda, Old Nadym, Tazovsky, Urengoy, Harp and 103 small rural settlements .. Richery of rural residents is reduced due to the conversion of rural settlements in urban and as a result of outflow of the population from rural areas. Among the rural Yamal settlements are predominant non-agricultural (watch, oil and gas, transport), small national settlements (fishred, reindeer, hunting). Number of inhabitants B. rural settlements Mines an average of 910 people. It is also characteristic of the presence of mobile settlements of indigenous peoples (pastures, chumbies, no).
Salekhard.
Salekhard., the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - the city in Western Siberia, the center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The city is located 2436 kilometers north-east of Moscow and 1982 kilometers north of Tyumen.
The city of Salekhard is located on the semi-hill, on the right bank of the Ob River, when it is falling into the river Semi, near the North Parliament Circle, in the Eternal Merzlot zone. This is the only city in the world located on the polar circle.
The climate here is sharply continental, harsh. The average temperatures of January from -22 to - 26 degrees, July - + 4 - +14 degrees. Precipitation drops 200 - 400 mm per year.
Nearest railroad station - Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of Ob; Tied with Salekhar summer river tram, in winter - bus service.
The population of modern Salekhard is more than 35.5 thousand residents (the end of 2002). Of these, foreigners are 5 thousand 600 people and temporarily living - 4 thousand 450 people.
Historical reference. The city was laid by the Siberian Cossacks more than 400 years ago, or rather in 1595, under the name Obdorsk (from the name of the Ob river and the words "Dor", translated from the Komi language - "place nearby", "about something") However, Nenets have long been They called the village of Sali-Harn, that is, "settlement on the caulation."
In the middle of the 18th century, merchants came here at the fair, and at the end of the 18th century the fortress was abolished. Since the 20s of the XIX century, Russians began to settle in Obdorsk for permanent residence.
In the XYII - early XX centuries, Ozdorsk was part of the Belozersky County of Tobolsk province. In 1897, there were 30 houses in the settlement of Obdorsk, 150 shopping shops, 500 permanent residents involved in the main hunting, fishing and trade. At that time, the village was famous for its large fairs. Every year, from December 15 to January 25, a Obdor Fair was held here (the turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles). During this period of time, the population of the city exceeded several thousand people. Russian merchants, mostly from Tobolsk, brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and jewelry, getting instead of fur, fish and fish glue, bird feather, mammoth bone and walrus. The monetary unit was preferably considered sandy skins and legs.
In 1897, a fishing industry was formed in Ozdorsk.
In December 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District was formed, the city of Obdorsk became its center, and from 1933 he became called Salekhard. The status of the city of the village was received in 1938. This is the first and only city on the Northern Polar Circle.
Modern Salekhard is a big cultural and industrialized city.
Industry of the city.There is no serious producing industry in the city and therefore the city is always on the maintenance of the district. The urban industry is represented by: plants - fish and dairy, house-building combine.
Salekhard - Center of Geological Exploration Expeditions. This is a major transport node. Salekhard fish conservation plant is the largest in the Tyumen region and refers to the firstborn of the industrial development of the North of Western Siberia.
The city of Salekhard is a major river port. 72 years ago (in 1933) in Salekhard, the North-Ural Trust of Glavsevmorputi was created. He is engaged in shipbuilding, fur blanks, hunting business, forest exports.
In the city of Salekhard, since 1951 there is a mink trunk farm, on which the fur animals are breed - Sests, Nutry and Mink
There is a modern airport, the solemn discovery of which took place on May 31, 2000. Iron birds fly to many cities of Russia and even abroad (for example, to the city of Budapest. It is also planned to fly to Cyprus, Turkey).
Air communication with the capital of the Tyumen region, the city of Tyumen was opened back in 1935, in 1937 the first regular air line Salekhard was operating - a new port.
The newly built automotive route joined the district capital with other cities and villages of Yamal.
Cultural life of the city. In the district center there are five secondary special educational institutions: a pedagogical college, a veterinary technical school, cultural and art school, a commercial school, the oldest medical school. The medical school has a preparatory department for indigenous northerners.
In 1932, the oldest National Pedagogical Technical Academy was opened in Yamal, who pretended many beautiful pedagogical personnel over the years.
In Salekhard, a local history museum is working, where local art crafts are collected - bone carving, bead decorations, embroidery and appliqué (drawing, made with patchworks from various materials) on fur, leather and cloth.
In 1990, the city of Salekhard was submitted to the lists of historic cities. The city created a security historical zone, because here there are many buildings representing historical and architectural value.
Sports life of the city. Salekhard is a sports city, here almost every resident is engaged in sports. This contributes to a large number of cultural and sports institutions of the city. The ice palace, recently opening his doors of the active type of rest, is very popular. What sections there are no, what only the competitions are not held here!
On April 9, 2001, a polar chess school named after the world champion in Chess Anatoly Karpov was opened in the city of Salekhard. Now every year chess competitions are held here. The city has a tennis club with the beautiful name "Polar" (this is a veteran club, more than 30 people are engaged in it). Club members - Vladimir Medvedev, Victor Chihirov and others, took part in the Russian Personal Championship and occupied 8 prizes. There is a children-youth sports school, which has prepared a lot of sports personnel.
For fans of skiing in the city, a ski base was created, where there is a wonderful illuminated ski access, equipped with a leisure body.
Every year, republican national sports championships are held in the capital of the district, they are held since 1974. This proves that at Yamal a lot of attention is paid to national sports.
In recent years, the ancient city of Salekhard, who has not been engaged in more than 400 years, can be said, re-born. Currently, he became a large cultural and industrial center, with modern well-maintained houses.
The appearance of the district capital is constantly changing, there are large construction there and colossal work on the improvement of urban territory is carried out. Today's average city is striking by its architectural thoughtfulness and uniqueness. The city has great prospects and plans for the future, this, according to the leaders of the city and the district, will be a city, designed for 40 thousand inhabitants.
Truly, the age for Siberian cities is considerable. And our city is one of the oldest in their row.
Yes, it will compare by him by age with the Siberian cities. However, not comparable - not only with Siberian, but also with all other cities of the world - in their geographical position. Salekhard (before - Obdorsk) is the only city in the world, located right on the Polar Circle. The only ... but Mother Russia is not spoiled.
Growing the city does not rush, as if with distrust looking at the rapid development of Siberian cities-fellow, senior and younger, who survived the history of history and disappeared in it. The latter did not want, and rushing to the first, wishing to preserve in life, was modest and unlawful. With dignity, I lived, keeping a sense of measure: both in crisp, and in self-awareness.
The date of birth of Obdon in many sources is called differently: in some - 1592 or 1593, and in others - 1595. The difference, of course, is insignificant on the scale of the story. To 
each of the named dates is certainly entitled to exist. It all depends on what is considered to be the founding of Obdorsk: the arrival of the Cossacks in the lower reaches, the construction of a small wintering near his sign in Ob or the emergence here is already a thorough - by the standards of that time.
Time went to your man ...
And now Salekhard is all rapidly gaining the power of the capital of the powerful power of gas and oil. It becomes a real Russian outpost, coordinating the receipt of powerful hydrocarbon flows not only in the territory of the Russian Federation, but also abroad. There is something to be proud of Salekhards ...
In recent years, the old one of our city can be said 
, born again. Literally, new five-story buildings grow in front of the eyes, modern highways are being built, the modern airport is built, the entire infrastructure of the Yamal capital is developing rapidly. The second youth of Salekhard, who came to him as a result of intensive construction, is striking today's man in its architectural thoughtfulness and uniqueness. Keep it, Salekhard!
// Yamal Meridian.-2000.-№9.-C.24-25
Salekhard, Center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 2436 km to S.-V. from Moscow and 1982 km to C. from Tyumen. Located on the villagers' elevation, on the right bank of the r. Ob, when pushed in it. Semi, near the northern polar circle, in the zone of many years of marbles. The climate is sharply continental, harsh. Middle temperatures of January from 
-22 to - 26 ° C, July 4-14 ° C. Precipitation 200-400 mm per year. Nearest J.-D. Station - Labytnangi (line to Kotlas) - 20 km from Salekhard, on the opposite bank of Ob; Tied with Salekhar summer river tram, in winter - bus service. River port. The airport. Population of 30.6 thousand 
person. (1992; 13 thousand in 1939; 17 thousand in 1959; 22 thousand in 1970; 25 thousand in 1979). Founded in 1595 as the Cossack fortress (at that time - the northernmost in Siberia) under the title. Obdorsk (from the name. R. Ob and the words "Dor", translated from the language of Komi - a place near, about something), but the Nenets have long called the village of Sali-Harn, that is, the settlement on the cauldron. From the middle of the 18th century merchants came here at the fair; At the end of the 18th century The fortress was abolished. From the 20th year. 19th century In Obdorsk, the Russians began to settle for permanent residence. In the 18th - early 20th centuries. 
he entered the Berezovsky district of Tobolsk province. In 1897, there were 30 houses in Obdorsk, 150 shopping shops, 500 permanent residents involved in the main hunt, 
fishing and trade; Every year, from December 15 to January 25, a Obdor Fair was held (turnover exceeded 100 thousand rubles.); During this period, the population of Obdorsk increased to several thousand people. Russian merchants (mostly from Tobolsk) brought flour, bread, wine, cloth, iron and copper products, tobacco and jewelry, receiving fur, fish and fish glue, bird feather, mammoth bone and walrus fangs. In 1897, a fishing industry was founded in Obdorsk. In 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was formed, the center of which was Obdorsk; Since 1933 called Salekhard. City - since 1938. In modern Salekhard: Plants - Fish and Milk; House-building combine. Forestry base. Salekhard is an organizational center of geological exploration expeditions. The local history museum (in the exposition - artistic products of local masters: bone carving, embroidery and appliqué on fur, leather and cloth - "Malev").
Near Salekhard - the parking lot of the Bronze and Early Iron Instokes (2-1-oms. BC).
// Cities of Russia: Encyclopedia. - M.:
Large Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. - p.391.
Salekhard. (Salyahard), city on the right bank of Obseo near the northern polar circle and mouth r. Semi, center of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. At the end of the XVI century. At this place was the Obdon nasal town, which belonged to Khanty (kissing). They, according to Miller G.F., called his Pulling Avat-Your - "Semi-Sovic Nose". Nenets (Samoyed) called His Salia-Garden, that in the translation meant the same thing: "Nasal (Cape" town " or "the city on the nose (casson). Komi-Zyryan land, adjacent to the Ustya, called the Ob, ie," place near Ob "or" U Obi "(Dor -" place near anything "," mouth "). Already in one of the leaders of the beginning of the XVI century. Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich is referred to as Prince of Kondinsky and Obdorsky. Therefore, the Ostsytsky nasal town was often referred to as the Obi-Obi, the Russian, mastering the denunciation of the Obi, built the Obdan Ostrog at this strategically favorable place. They were often called a nasal town. Therefore, there was a complex name in the go - "from the clip from the nasal town." In 1933, Ozdorsk was renamed Salekhard, from Nenets Sale - "Cape", Hard - "House", "Settlement", i.e. "Mant's settlement". In 1938, Salekhard became the city.
// Atlas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. - Omsk, 2004.- p.296
In 1953, near the mouth of the northern sugar, the Ostrog-Fortress of Birzov was founded on the site of Ostsatsky Yurt Sumgut-Vozhvoy Nikifor Fuchaniotov. Ostiabi and Voguli, who depended before, were attributed to the new town. In 1595, under the leadership of the same Berezovsky, N. Thukhaniotova was fucked Obdorsky Ostrog. Northern Ostyaki and Samoymen, called Yasakov, brought tribute to the Obdon town of Cossacks sent from Berezov. In the "Drawing Book of Siberia" S. Rezhezova Obdorsky Ostrog depicts extremely schematically: four triangles - tent coatings of fortress towers and a church with bell tower. At the mouth of the rivers of the semi, the "Yurts Princess Thai Gindin from Comrades", and on the river Kunovat - Yurts "Prince Danilko Gorina". In the "Description of the Tobolsky Pivarce" about Ozdorsk, it is said: "Abdor's Ostrog 1, with the Mount River on the right bank on the mountain, in He For caution from ... wild peoples two guns, a little gunpowder and a string. And they are sent from Berezov in an annual guard at one foreman of the Cossacks of 12 people, in which the Obdorish parish is gathering baptized and unresolved ecias and worst self-seeds in November and December for months to the position of Yasaka, and in January, in early numbers are conjugated. "
// Yamal: the face of centuries and millennia. - Salekhard, 2000. - p.333.
Obdor's fortress, Fortification. Replaced the Obdon Ostrog after the gene. Reconstruction 1731. Unlike Ostrog, O. K. had powerful double walls with braces, clients and roofs. In the center of O. K. Standing the Voivodes of the House, an ordinary hut with Kazen. premises, Amanat hut. A new church of St. Vasily of the Great with the face of St. Nicholas Mirlijsky, Bell Tower was erected. In O. K. Streets existed along which "Zhiltsy houses" were supplied; There were many barnings, there were Kazen. Bath, bread hill, barracks, tea. In O. To. There were yurts of Ostsy. Both Samoyd, princes and prince. The horses and yurts were also installed with external. Faces O. K. Garniszon originally composed. 50 year olders, in 1754 it is increased to 100 people. By the end of the XVIII century. O. K. began to decline. The number of courtyards decreased to 5. In 1799 ceased to send yearholders; The guns were disassembled and exported to Tobolsk. In 1807, by order of the Tobolsk governor A. M. Kornilov, the dilapidated fasteners. Walls and towers are demolished. O. K. ceased to exist, and the remaining pos. Received a new status - with. Obdor (Obdorsk).
in 3 volumes. T. 2. - Tyumen: Publishing House of Tyumen State University, 2004. - C.221.
Obdor's foreign mining, organized in the 40th XIX century. In ADM-territory. The relation was corresponding to the Obdorian foreign parish. At the head of the council were representatives of the Prince of Thai Dynasty - Matvey Yakovlevich and Ivan Matveevich. From the 50s of the XIX century In the counterat was present "one of the elders closest to Obdorsk for the choice of prince." In 1858, the Board of Main UPR. Zap. Siberia recognized it necessary so that with the head-prince consisted of elected "from the people." In 1865 O. and. y divided into Obdor's Ostsyatskaya and Obdorian self-named councils. Both counters were in Obdorsk, were located in the same room. The work of both counters was headed by a general clerk.
// Yamal: Encyclopedia of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
in 3 volumes. T. 2. -Tyven: Publishing House of Tyumen State University, 2004. - P.221.
Gubkinsky
Gubkinsky - City in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Municipality is the city of district subordination. The city is located in two hundred kilometers from the polar circle, on the left bank of the River Pyk-Pur, 16 km from the Purpe station on the Tyumen Railway - Surgut - New Urengoy. With "Big Earth", the motorway is connected, the nearest airport is 250 km in Noyabrsk.
Historical reference. The city of Gubkinsky emerged as a basic center in connection with the industrial development of the group of the northernmost in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District of oil and gas deposits, promising in stocks and distinguished by unique properties. In early 1986, an landing land for the construction of a gubkin gas processing plant and the city, which was not accurate, was landed for the construction of a gubkin gas processing plant.
The history of the city of Gubkinsky begins on April 22, 1986, on the birthday of V. I. Lenin, when experts, workers and builders gathered on a rival on the occasion of bookmarks of a new city called Purpe (on the central square of the city, a memorable stone dedicated to this event is established), but The city later became known as Gubkinsky.
With the title of the city, it was not easy. At first, he wanted to give Tarasovsky's name - by the name of the first masterful deposit, but this hasty (in a good sense), the initial version did not stand competition with two other names - Purpe and Gubkinsky, between them, and the main struggle unfolded.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of April 18, 1988, the village on the territory of the Purpean village council of the Purovsky district was awarded the name Gubkinsky (currently the city was released from the Purovsky district).
The status of the city of the village of Neftyanikov and Gasovikov Gubkinsky received on December 2, 1996.
According to its geographical position, Gubkinsky is located in the northeastern part of the West Siberian lowland in the forest tundra zone, which is represented here with larch and coniferous parel (Birch, Ivniki, Pine, cedar, larch), peatlands, swamps with a moss-lichen cover. In the forest and on the swamps of the abundance of berries: cloudberry, cranberries, lingonberry, blueberries, blueberries, the prince is found, as well as many white and other mushrooms. An animal world is very diverse. In local forests dwell: Belkaletoga, hare-beacon, chipmunk, brown bear, elk, wolf, fox, wolverine, cuckit, sable, lynx, speakers, ermine, badger, otter, ondatra ... Wild deer comes from the north. Families are widely represented: Familiarity families: Ceremonic, Tetra, a row, cedar, a lot of waterfowl. All animals have a hunting and commercial value. The abundance of feed and spawning is favorable by the reproduction of fish - rivers and the surrounding lakes are rich in valuable rocks.
According to a schematic map of climatic zoning, the territory of the city of Gubkinsky refers to the first uncomfortable climatic zone, which is characterized by severe long winter and short summer: the absolute minimum minus 61 ° C, the absolute maximum plus 34 ° C.
The total area of \u200b\u200bthe city is 7220 hectares. Of these, 45% - forests; 36.4% - reservoirs (rivers, lakes, swamps); The remaining 18.4% under residential, industrial, communal, warehouse building and household plots, including 1.7% busy with transport communications.
The most important potential for the development of the city is its multinational population - in the city of Gubkin, people 37 nationalities live.
Over the past ten years, the population of the municipality has grown to a rapid pace, largely due to migration and to now it reached the optimal value for the city of 21.1 thousand people. The average age of the Gubkin residents is 29 years old, and the fertility exceeds the mortality of 2.8 times. In general, the demographic structure of the city favors economic rise. 776 enterprises representing almost all sectors of the economy (industry, culture, art, agriculture, communications, finance, credit, trade, etc.) on the territory of Gubkinsky.
Industry of the city. A feature of the economy of the city is the obvious majority of the enterprises of the oil and gas industry, which in the aggregate produce up to 97% of the volume of industrial products. The oil and gas industry is represented by the Open Joint-Stock Company Rosneft-Purneftegaz, the vertically-integrated company Rosneft, which is the main city-forming enterprise of the city and produces about 65% of the total mining of the company.
The processing of associated gas is carried out by the Gubkinsky Gas Processing Complex ", where the raw materials are used as raw materials of Tarasovsky and Barsukovsky deposits of Rosneft-Purneftegaz OJSC. The enterprise produces dry gas, stable gasoline, oxygen, antifreeze, propane.
The introduction of the Gubkin gas field in 1999 initiated the development of the gas producing industry, which is represented by the enterprise CJSC Purgaz.
In addition, the city is deployed in the city of OJSC Gazprom LLC - Komsomolsk gas fishery, which produces 29 billion m3 of natural gas per year, which is 61% of the total production of Noyabrskagazdychi gas.
Intelligence subsoil, grade-geophysical studies and rifle-explosive work in the wells of oil and gas fields is carried out by MUP "Purneftegheophysics".
24.8 thousand people are employed in the city economy, including 14.2 thousand permanent; The rest are working as a rotational method.
The city is good and landscaped every year. Works are performed according to the adopted "Complex Program of the City Improvement."
Education. Taking into account the fact that the average age of the population is less than 30 years, local government bodies pay special attention to the education system and culture
The city employs 6 preschool educational institutions for 1125 seats, 8 general education schools, Northern Lights School, Sports Children and Youth School "Olympus", Vocational school, including the intershot and educational plant. The city opened a branch of the Udmurt State University with various levels of education: secondary special and higher; Forms of education - full-time and correspondence. Thus, the city has developed a system of continuous education: kindergarten - School - School - College - University.
Informatization of education made it possible to reach a qualitatively new level of management of the educational process, effectively use new pedagogical technologies.
Safety issues and health The younger Gubnians are priority. Sanatorium groups for dupified children in the Dow "Fairy Tale" and a special general educational school of correction for children who have deviations in development (120 students) are open; Created groups of therapeutic physical education at SDUSS.
General medical care to the population of the city is provided by the Municipal Healthcare Institution "City Hospital" with a hospital complication of 283 beds and all specialized departments. The city has 87 doctors of all specialties and 297 middle medical personnel, more than 70% of whose qualification categories have. Over the past years, the Gubkin Hospital, who recently noted his 15th anniversary, is known among the best medicinal indicators in the YNAO.
Cultural life of the city. The authorities of the city pay great attention to the support of cultural and national traditions. The network of cultural institutions is widely developed: three cultural and sports complexes: "Neftyanik", "Torch" and "Olympus", recording studio, a centralized library system, including three libraries (including computer), municipal art workshop. The city is opened the only museum of the Museum of the North, two children's art schools, the youth center. Two years ago in the city was born social organization Gubkin's writers and poets "Gubkin Spring". The city consists of 62 writers and the poet, the most young of which is 9 years old, the most mature - 72 years. The library is published urban literary almanac "Taste of Yamal Berry". The city is famous for folk groups: "Pearl Yamal", Choir of art school teachers, song ensemble and dance, northern light ensemble, Tatar-Bashkir team; Pop collectives: RecSaund and image.
The city has a TV and Radio Company "Vector", which includes television, radio "Plus" and newspaper "vector inform; newspaper" Oilman of the indolar ".
Sports life of the city. Given the extreme living conditions in the extreme north and conscious of the fact that the disease is easier to prevent than to treat, the municipality is constantly working aimed at the formation of a healthy population lifestyleWhat is facilitated by a network of physical education and sports institutions. For residents of Gubkinsky work: Sports School (Children's and Youth Sports School "Olympus"), Sports Club "Vityaz", Snowflake Ski Base with Artificial Lighting of the skiing, sports and recreation complex "Yamal", Sports - leisure complex "Youth", urban Fortuna shooter. Gubkinsky resident Nikolai Chipsanov in 2003 became the first Russian world champion in karate.
Gubkinsky is a comfortable and beautiful northern city in which oil industry and gas workers live and work. The city is confidently looking into the future.
Gubkinsky is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of the Cities of the Polar region and the Far North.
Labnyangi.
- City in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, district subordination. It is 20 km from the capital of Salekhard district. The city is located on the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals, behind the northern polar circle. This is a city marina on the left bank of the r.obi. The population of the city with the villages of Harp and Polar is more than 40 thousand people. Harp and Polar is the villagers-satellites of Labytnangi, the base of the construction industry of the entire district.
Historical reference. Labnyangi - phrase khanty. Indicates it - "Seven larchs." From the Khanty Folklore, it is known that the "Seven" has magic power. The larch for the indigenous population tree is sacred, so seven larchs - the concept of sacred doubly. Previously, it was a settlement of the Khanty reindeer herders living in temporary housing - the plaggers. The status of the city of the village received on August 5, 1975 (this is the first working village of Yamal, who received the status of the city).
In 1975, it was a small village in which 11 thousand inhabitants lived. There were two industrial enterprises here: a forest-beza, on which about two thousand people worked, and the basic refrigerator of the fishing industry - there were 150 jobs. There was one school in the city, a small hospital.
New life The settlement gave the Railway came here - the brainchild of Stalinsky Gulag. Thanks to this road, the city became a bridgehead of the development of Urengoy, Yamburg and other largest gas fields. In 1986, the construction of a new railway Labytnangi - Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200bwas practically started and at present. She is the most northern railway in the world. Built for the development of the Bovanenkov gas field. The comfortable building of the railway station also built.
Industry of the city. Modern labnangi - timbering base, laboratory of the Institute of Ecology of Animal and Plants of the Ural Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Wood from here is sent to the Mine Vorkuta and Donbass, to Moldova, Krasnodar, Moscow region, Baltic States, Belarus, and even abroad - to England, Finland, Hungary.
The industry of the city is represented by such large enterprises as AOOT "Yamalneftegazzhelez concrete". It is a city-forming enterprise. In the city of Labytnangi employs such companies: MUP "Labytnang Milk-friction" (June1988), Bakeryavod (October 1993)
Cultural life of the city. The cultural space of the city is very large. This indicates the fact that more than 250 holidays are held in the city. There are 15 cultural institutions.
From cultural and general education institutions in the city there are a city library (open in 1998), a children's art school (opened in 1998), the House of Culture "30 Years of Victory" (opened in 1975), which operates the Center for National Cultures, 11 pre-school educational institutions (more than 1.5 thousand children visit them), 10 secondary schools, the center of children's creativity, the only press club for adolescents, orphanage (he was assigned the status of a "urban experimental site"), the city museum. In the foundations of the city museum, unique exhibits are collected about the history of the North, about mastering those places where the city of Labytnangi is located.
There are several higher educational institutions in the city: the hospital of the Institute of Plant and Animal Institute (created in 1953 at the initiative of Academician S.S. Schwartz), which marked the beginning of the systemic study of the Nature of Yamal. In Labytnangi, the local newspaper "Vestnik Zapolyarnaya" (the first issue of the newspaper saw the light on April 13, 1989). Works since April 1991, its television studio.
Sports life of the city. Labnyangi is one of the most sporty cities of the district. Sports in the city is paying great importance.
In the municipal formation there are 2 rifle tyra, one hockey court, one pool, 16 sports clubs, 20 sports halls and structures, a modern skiing base, a ski route is built in Harpe. More than 2 thousand people are engaged in sports arenas of the city.
Here the whole pleiad of famous athletes grew. For example, Louise Noscova (Cherepanova), which was the first of Yamal athletes with the Olympic champion in Lillehamer, as well as the famous biathlete Albina Akhatov, which became the silver medalist of the Olympic Games in the city of Nagano.
Since 1999, the Khanty National Holidays "Voronius Day" is held in the city, which symbolize the arrival of spring, the awakening of nature and the revival of the traditions and customs of the indigenous peoples of the North.
The city of Labytnangi is not just a basic city, but this is the supporting city of the polar oil and gas complex. This is a base of geologists, seismic exploits, a large center of the construction industry. Without it, there would be no Urengoy, nor a bear, nor Yamburg, nor other famous giants. This is a profitable transport unit, which in the future will appear for the development of the Polar Urals. And all of their perspectives are associated with the further development of this complex.
Muravlenko
Muravlenko - City in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, district subordination. The birth of the city is directly connected with the other Yamal city - November, from which he is 95 km.
Historical reference. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on August 6, 1990, the village of Muravlenkovsky (this is how it was called before) was assigned the status of the city of district subordination and the name of Muravlenko. So it was perpetuated by the name of one of the discoverers of large Siberian oil and gas, the head of the Glavtyumenneftegaz, the hero of the Socialist Labor, Viktor Ivanovich Muravlenko. The date of commencement of the city (then another small village of Muravlenkovsky) is considered to be November 5, 1984, when Muravlenkovsky rural council was formed. Today the population of the city is more than 58 thousand people who are representatives of more than 70 nationalities.
Industry of the cityMuravlenko is a city of oil and gas workers. Main city-forming industrial enterprises - oil and gas management management "Sutormminskneft", "Muravlenkovskneft", "Sugmutheft". They are engaged in the development of deposits. The largest Muravlenkovskoye, open in 1978.
A gas processing plant also works (opened in 1987), which employs more than 400 people.
Cultural life of the city. Cultural organizations of the city are represented: DC "Ukraine" for 450 seats (opened in 1988), the city center of leisure (here there are 11 kits for interests), a children's art school (opened in 1993), a city local lore museum (opened in October 1997 ), The children's school of arts, a children's music school, a system of city libraries (total in the structure of CBS 5 libraries), the club "Chance" (he is preparing young mannequins).
In addition, since 1996, the culture and recreation park opened its doors for citizens. The station of young technicians, opened in 1998, enjoys great popularity among the children (hundreds of guys study in 10 circles), the Muravy Communication Club, the Torch Teen Club.
Education. In the city of 21 educational institutions with a total number of students more than 11 thousand people. There is a Dovuzovsky and University Center, on the basis of which the representative offices of the Tyumen Oil and Gas University were created. Currently, there are 5 averages in the city, 1 initial, 1 evening school, where more than 7 thousand people are studying, 11 preschool institutions (there are about 3,000 children), 2 institutions of additional education, the training and production plant.
In 2000, the branch of the November Oil and Gas College was opened in the city. 467 people are studying in it. In addition, the technical school discovered a branch on which students study accounting, economics and organization of production.
There is also a branch of the Tyumen Architectural and Construction Academy and the Criminal Procedure of Ishim Personal Institute. The preparatory department of the St. Petersburg Institute of Communications Communications is prepared for admission to the university.
There are Muravlenkovians and their local newspaper - "our city", which covers all urban news on its pages, as well as their local television.
Muravlenko is a young city, so weddings are very often celebrated here. This happens in the House of Love and Consent - so in the city there is a registry office operating on April 10, 1997.
There is a city hospital for the services of a city hospital, which includes 3 polyclinics - adult, children's and dental. It consists of 30 divisions. 940 people work here.
Sports life of the city. Muravlenko is a sports city. Every year more than fifty competitions are held here, in which almost 4 thousand athletes take part.
Sports life is headed by the Office of Physical Culture and Sport, established in 1997. For lovers of outdoor activities, Yamal juice, an oilman sports complex, North and Kashtan gyms, children-youth sports school, ski base, a closed hockey court, work. Six sports halls are in secondary schools. Sports celebrities of the city - Rustam Tashtemirov, he is the prison of Russia's championship in boxing, Alexey Magyazanin was part of the Russian ski team.
The city of Muravlenko is successfully growing and developing. His appearance was formed, quite harmonizing with the environment, economic and social infrastructure, the cultural environment, the external and internal relations were established, the corresponding control mechanism was created, their traditions began to develop.
Nadym
Nadym - City in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, district subordination. Nadym is the center of Nadym district. The place where the city is located, has long been known to rich behable pastures, where Nenets grazed their deer. In total, 80 thousand people live in the area.
On the territory of the district there are nine villages, including the three villages of indigenous people, where more than three thousand people live. Local authorities pay great attention to the preservation and development of their traditional life and economy. This is the first city that appeared on the territory of the district, thanks to the largest natural gas fields on the Yamal.
There is a city Nadym at 1225 kilometers from Tyumen and 563 kilometers southeast of Salekhard. Located in the north of West Siberia, on the Nadym River. The nearest railway station (Labytnangi) is 583 km from Nadym.
The population of the city, together with the satellite of the city, Pangoda is more than 60 thousand people (1999). The village of Pangoda is close to Nadym. This is a small landscaped village with many hundreds of residents, the majority of which are young people.
Historical reference. In the mid-60s, for accelerated development of the Medvezhye field, it was decided to bookmark the nearby city. An unprecedented pace was carried out at the same time mastering the field and the construction of the city of Nadym. Half a million square meters of housing were introduced annually, thousands of kilometers of gas pipelines were laid. The status of a small village of Gazovikov Nadym was assigned in 1972.
Industry of the city. The basis of the city's economy is the gas producing industry. The main enterprise is Nadyumgazprom, the leading industrial development of the Gas Deposit "Medvezhye" and its satellite deposits - "Jubilee" and "Yamsovsky". The city has a combine of a large-passenger house-building.
In Nadym, the system of gas pipelines, such as the North of the Tyumen region, the Ural - Volga region, and the center of the Medvezhye - Nadym and Nadym - Pongu are originated.
A powerful compressor station is built here. From 1974, Nadym gas in 1974 enters the capital of our Motherland. The length of this gas pipeline is 3000 kilometers (during the USSR, the length of gas pipelines was no more than 600 kilometers).
The city industry is represented by a bakery, a pig complex, a dairy plant and many others. In the city of over 500 trade
The city of Nadym is connected with the big earth by air, rail and road.
Nadym Airport is one of the oldest airports in Russia. His story begins back in 1969. Now he takes all kinds of aircraft, including heavy airliners ("Tu-154")
Nadym's city is often called the northern capital of gas and it is quite fair, because Nadym is a large modern city at the Polar Circle, this is the pride of the entire Tyumen region.
The city has 7 landscaped microdistrics with a total area of \u200b\u200bover 200 thousand square kilometers.
Cultural life of the city.Nadym is a fairly large cultural and leisure city.
The services of citizens and guests of the city: 2 houses of culture, widescreen cinema "Victory" (first in the Tyumen region), television center "Orbit", house of culture for 500 seats, a music school and a school of arts, the house of nature, a children's creativity center, where Over 5 thousand people.
There are a large number of monuments and monuments in the city: a monument to the writer Nikolai Ostrovsky (opened on September 28, 1980), a monument to pioneers was built in the city center of the city.
Educational institutions of the city are represented by: technical schools (gives a vocational education of young people), five secondary schools, music school. There are 6 branches of regional universities and institutions of other cities of Russia, the NII of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences on the study of the problems of the North is working.
For little Nadymenchan, there are 8 beautiful kindergarten-nursery, 12 urban libraries and much more.
Also in the city there is its own television studio, 7 broadcasting programs and 27 cable.
Nadym - the city, to which from the capital on the very high-speed air liner, you need to get a few hours, has a reliable telephone connection with Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Minsk and many other cities of Russia and neighboring countries.
Terrible attention is paid to the city administration, in order to preserve the unique nature of the indoor. Are built claiming facilities, Waste warehouse platforms, waste-processing enterprises and much more.
An example of a careful attitude towards nature is the relict cedar grove in the city center, which is the pride of citizens (History indicates that the cedar grove was left by the foreigners as a monument to the northern unique nature). In winter, here is the most popular highlighted ski track, and in the summer place for walking.
The city newspaper "Worker Nadym" is business card cities. Interesting, always the current publication carries readers on their pages the latest messages with industrial enterprises, Building, tells about the heroes of labor.
Sports life of the city. In the city, where the average age of the residents is 27 years old, the vast majority of residents are fond of sports. The construction of a swimming pool, a new stadium, there are many open hockey courts, and in sports halls, volleyball, basketball and tennis compete. There is a hockey club "Arktur", a selection of heavy athletics has been created.
The city Nadym is the basis of the scientific and practical conference on the creation of a domestic airship and its use when developing the North.
The city Nadym is a small town, but with a well-developed infrastructure. He has a bright future, which is associated with the further development and operation of gas and oil fields, for the development of which he was founded.
The city continues to build new residential buildings, socialcultum facilities, the construction of the Orthodox church is completed.
In the year of its 30th anniversary, the city Nadym became the winner in the competition for the title "The most comfortable city of Russia" among the cities of the 3rd category of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and ranked third among cities in the All-Russian competition in the same nomination.
The uniqueness of the city, which is called a fabulous hail among silent tundra and permafrost, is that his birth, becoming and thirty years old has created a special coogort of people-Nadymchan, people who dedicated their lives devotees to him and with the pride statement: "We live In the most beautiful and best city. " They were able to do a lot. This means that Nadym has a future, and children born here will definitely draw on a sheet of paper bright colors His favorite and native city Nadym.
NEW URENGOY
New Urengoy - City in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, district subordination. The city is located 450 km east of the district capital of Salekhard.
New Urengoy is the second (after Noyabrsk) in the number of the city of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Here lives with the population of two villages Korotkonevo (7 thousand inhabitants) and Limbiajaha (2, 5 thousand inhabitants) of 89.6 thousand inhabitants (2001).
It is located in Western Siberia on the Evo-Yah River (the flow of the Pur River), 60 km south of the Polar Circle.
Historical reference. "Urengoy" the word Nenets, it means "Bald Hill" or "The Hill on which larch grow."
The history of this northern city of oilmen and gasovikov leads its reference since September 1973. It arose in connection with the development of the Urengoy gas condensate field on Urengoyagazprom (production and processing of oil and gas) - the largest volume of hydrocarbon raw materials in the extreme north. The uniqueness of the occurrence of the city and the development of the field is that gas came after the reservoirs of the subsoil, that is, almost at virgin. Therefore, the country began to receive Urengoy gas already in April 1978 (the city is not yet executed from rural "pellery"). The unusual development of Urengoy gas fields is, all gas covers work on full automation and practically without people. On August 18, 1975, the new Urengoy received the status of the village, and on June 16, 1980 - the status of the city. The number of population is constantly growing, because the level of life is the citizens above the average in Russia, especially in the gas industry workers.
New Urengoy - the largest transportation unit YanaA With railway to Tyumen and Yamburg, with OJSC "Sevtumentance", with a car dear to Tyumen, with airport. The automotive track connects New Urengoy with the city of Nadym, Yamburg - a gas village on the Tazovsky Peninsula, but from there the way only to the coast of the Northern Ocean. From here, they start the beginning of ten main pipelines supplying the national gas economy of the country, the export gas pipeline Urengoy - Pomari - Uzhgorod in Sunsa Western Europe.
Industry of the city In the city of over 2000 organizations, including the largest gas producing enterprises - LLC "Urengoigazprom", OOO "YambaDobycha", ZAO "Nortgaz", OOO "Promgaz", OOO "Promgaz", OOO "Mining Gasovandensate and Oil", etc. The share of which accounts for 74% of the produced gas in Russia. An experimental plant for the production of building materials, dairy and a wine-vodka plant are operating, typography. Near the city, a gas chemical complex is constructed. Agricultural cooperatives "Agrarnik" and "Shampignon" work, an urban station to combat animal diseases. About 600 construction enterprises and organizations are based in the city, incl. OJSC "Urengoigazpromstroy", OAO "Severstroy", ZAO Novourengoyneftegazchimstroy, OOO "Yamalpromzhilstroy" and others , Insurance firms and branches of insurance companies.
Health Presented by a multidisciplinary hospital, a psychoneurological dispensary, the West Siberian Regional Scientific and Practical Center for Human Health, Dental Polyclinic, Center for Zhetical Medicine, Station of Ambulance and Emergency Medical Aid, SanEpidemadzor. Test
Cultural life of the city. There are many cultural and sports facilities in the city. The Museum of Fine Arts, the Palace of Culture "October", which is a major information and methodological center, a school local history museum, in which the entire history of the edge is presented in the exposition of which. The Center for National Cultures unites clubs of German, Ukrainian, Mari, Nenets, Slavic and Tatar-Bashkir cultures, 2 cultural and sports complexes in the Limbiajaja and Korotovo microdistrict, the production and art workshop issues all creative events in the city, an audio studio; The centralized library system consists of 7 branches and 2 city central libraries; There are 3 children's art schools, 3 creative municipal groups: Children's exemplary ensemble song and dance "radiance", ensemble of folk instruments, urban spirit orchestra.
The city has a TV and Radio Company "Sigma", Regional TV and Radio Company "New Urengoy", TV andDi-informational agency "New Urengoy-Impulse", TV company "Accent", Rekklman Agency "M, Art", State News Agency "NordFact", editorial office of the city newspaper "True North.
Education. The new Urengoy employs 14 secondary schools, 3 primary schools, general education and Orthodox gymnasium, specials. (Correctional) School for children with developmental deviations, phangeogic and professional schools, the ones of the gas industry. The city has branches of Moscow universities - the State Open University and non-state open social. University, Tyumen State University and Tyumen Oil and Gas Univatte. The School with a closed winter garden on the Tyumen North has been built here, the first kindergarten with a swimming pool is erected.
New Urengoy became a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern cities, the Union of the Cities of the Polar region and the Far North, and on 19 June 1998, the new Urengoy as part of ASDG entered the Congress of Municipal Education of the Russian Federation.
Noyabrsk
Noyabrsk - City in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, district subordination. It is very southern City Yanao. It is southeast of Salekhard, 1065 km north-east of Tyumen. The city is located in the central part of the picturesque Siberian Honors, on the watershed of the rivers Ob and Pur, near the lake Tetu Mamontotya.
On April 28, 1982, the village of Noyabrsk received the status of the city. Then 30 thousand inhabitants lived in him, and at present - more than 108 thousand people more than 100 nationalities. During the existence of the city, 28 thousand young New Years were born here. Noyabrsk is the largest in the number of residents of the city of YanaA.
Historical reference. The city of Noyabrsk was founded in 1975, then the first helicophetic landing land for the beginning of the development of the Kholmogorsk field was found at the ice of the River Mihu-Yah, located in the central part of the West Siberian lowland, the first stage in the development of the new oil region is the first stage. On May 20, 1978, the November station, the first Yamal station on Surgut Railway - New Urengoy, took a cargo train. A year later, there were already about a hundred organizations and institutions in the village, and various departments. The city of Noyabrsk was originally two options for the name - Hanto (by the name of the lake in the vicinity of the city) and November. We decided: let the November, since the first landing landed in November. It turns out that the name of the city is chosen on the weather, according to the calendar.
The city of Noyabrsk in its geographical position is the "southern goal" of the district. The railway line Tyumen is held through Noyabrsk - New Urengoy and highwayconnecting Noyabrsk with Khanty-Mansi district And further from the "Big Earth".
The city has excellent air traffic, there is a modern airport capable of taking heavy aircraft. The airport is open on July 1, 1987. It is called the gate to the extreme north. He is the November branch of the airline "TyumenAviatrans". The airport serves oil workers, geologists, power engineers, builders, gas, it is constantly in the epicenter of the events, the life and activities of the city.
The developed transport system of the city (in the city of more than 35 thousand cars) makes accessible to ensuring the south of the region with material resources necessary for the life support of cities and villages of the Purovsky District of YNAO, where more than 90% of oil produced from the total area are produced.
Industry of the city. In Noyabrsk there are over 1000 enterprises of various profiles, a significant part of which are entrepreneurial structures.
The largest enterprises of the city are: Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz JSC with an annual oil volume of 20 million tons (this is a leading enterprise) - a subsidiary of OJSC Siberian Oil Company, and the November Office for the Mining and Transportation of Gas - a subsidiary of Surgutgazprom. As part of the leading city-forming enterprise, the leading countdown of its activities from May 31, 1977, 18 thousand people operate, 24 fields, over 13 thousand wells.
In addition, the city has a shoe factory, a sewing enterprise, a dairy, a bakery, a brewery, a brick factory and other enterprises. There are 8 bus routes in the city, in addition, there are 20 thousand units of personal transport.
Noyabrsk has a fairly wide and extensive network of trade and industrial enterprises - over 300. Among them are the largest trading companies offering customers high-quality goods of domestic and foreign firms: the trade company "Absolut", OOO NovyTechnickneft, LLC "Screen", etc. d.
Noyabrsk has a developed system of humanitarian and technical education, which is represented by 95 educational institutions. Among them with 15 secondary schools, 12 branches of universities, Orthodox gymnasium, Sunday School, Pedagogical College, Oil Technical Photography, Business School, Branch of the Ural Law Academy, Branch of Salekhard Medical School. There are also 34 children's preschool institutions that attend over 5800 children.
Cultural life of the city. The city of Noyabrsk is a focus of cultural life. Today, in the city of Noyabrsk, there are more than 20 institutions of culture offering residents and guests of the city a wide range of leisure entertainment.
In Noyabrsk there are 6 houses of culture - centers of communication and spiritual development of citizens, KSK "Yamal" (where there is a concert hall, swimming pool, gym).
Much attention is paid to the little November. For young citizens, a children's fleet is working with attractions, the "Children's World" store, and on November 5, 1993, the unique Children's Museum is opened (information about the museum is included in the European Museums directory).
The district local history museum and the District Museum of Fine Arts (the Museum Funds contain about ten thousand storage units). In three music schools, over 1,300 children are studying, one of which is the best in Russia.
The city employs two research institutes dealing with the problems of oil production and ecology of the Far North.
Noyabrsk is the city of youth, so such an institution as a registry office is also important. It opened in the city in January 1978. This is the only one in Yamal. separate building The registry office, an area of \u200b\u200bnearly 500 thousand square meters. In the city during this time, almost 18 thousand families have been created and more than 25 thousand newborns are registered.
Sport life. Noyabrsk is one of the most sporty cities of Yamal. There are 64 sports clubs that attend over 10 thousand inhabitants of the city. In the city of 101 master of sports, from the bottom 8 - international class.
In Noyabrsk, its broadcasting is a children's-youth information agency "Combine" and "Radio-Noyabrsk". A few months after the assignment of the Noyabrsk status of the city, the first urban newspaper North Watch was created.
Healthcare G.Noyabrsk present the following medical facilities is the central city hospital, the ambulance station, the Center for State Sanitary Epidemiological Supervision, MUP "Pharmacy" (consists of 8 pharmacies, 12 pharmacy points and store "Optics"), psychoneurological dispensary, urban dental Polyclinic, Mandatory Medical Insurance Fund, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Sanatorium "Wellar". More than 3 thousand qualified medical workers work here.
Noyabrsk is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities, the Union of Polar Cities and the Far North.
Today, Noyabrsk is the largest oil megalopolis in YANAO, this is the pearl of Yamal, the largest business and industrial center of the YanaA, in which the fifth of the population of the district lives and is produced almost a quarter of industrial products. It is a beautiful, European modern city, which undoubtedly became the cultural and spiritual center of the South Yamal. Under these conditions, in front of the city of November, the prospect for the next 25-30 years is to become a basic city for the development of reserves of the south of Yamal.
Tarco Sale
Tarco Sale - City in Yanao, Center for Purovsky District. The population is about 20 thousand inhabitants.
The city is in the most beautiful places, on the site of the merger of the rivers Aivassadapur and Pupupur and the formation of the Pur River. The distance to Tyumen - 1117 km, to Salekhard - 550 km. The nearest railway station - Purovsk, is located 11 km from Tarco Sal. The population is about 20,000 people. In administrative submission is the village of Harampur (about 600 people).
Transport scheme. With the "Big Earth", the city is connected by the airport, a pier on the River Phakapur, a high-coated road to Gubkinsky. The city has an aircadron of helicopters engaged in the carriage of goods and passengers to the hard-to-reach places of Yamal, tracking fires with the timely alerts of the relevant services about their liquidation.
In summer, Tarco-Sale is connected with many local settlements of Puro district and YNAO, in winter, such a casualization is carried out in the winter.
Historical reference. Founded in 1932 as the administrative center of the newly created Purovsky district. On the Nenets Dialect, the name Tarco-Sale means "Cape on the fork". Once at the place where the city is worth, shaman arrived and opened the focus on the confluence of two rivers. The beginning of the city is associated with the development of hydrocarbon raw materials.
On March 23, 2004, the State Duma of the YNAO decided to give the village of urban-type Tarco-Sale of the city status. The day of the city will be celebrated annually on April 3. In honor of this event on the central part of the city there is a memorable sign.
Industry of the city. Presented by oil-producing enterprises NGDU "Purneft" (Purneftegazgeology AOOT), OAO NK Tarkosaleneftegaz, CJSC Purovskaya Petroleum Company, ZAO Oil Company Yamal, AOZT Neftegolazovaya Company "Nega", JSC "Khanichskoe NGDU", OJSC "Yangpur", ZAO "Yamalnefteotch", OJSC "SIBUR-YAMAL", etc. Center of geological exploration: OJSC Purneftegazgeology, Research and Production Enterprise "Purgeoservis", Geophizik, OOO, Purneftegazgeology OJSC, Polyarnyaya OJSC Geological company. " There are agricultural cooperative "Verkhne-Purovsky") on the territory of Tarco-Sale, and the district vehicle), the district vet. Station to combat animal diseases. Over 20 construction enterprises and organizations, management of mechanized and accommodation work, road-operating construction association "PurdorspetsStroy", Linear Office for the construction and operation of gas pipelines, PERGEOSTROY OJSC, OJSC "Tarco Salinsky Construction Combine", Purstorsteriyali and DR .
Cultural life of the city. There are three libraries, a district local history museum, a center of national cultures, a home of children's creativity, a center for children's tourism and local history. The city has its own television and radio company "Light" with the youth editors, radio, newspaper "North Beam", typography.
Educationrepresented by four schools (two middle, one initial, average sanatorium boarding school for children of the indigenous population engaged in traditional types of economic activities) and family children's gardens,
Sports life of the city. The city of Slary Sports records, here are engaged in futsal, table tennis, pawerlifting, parachute sports (a parachute club "paratroopnik"), swimming, Greco-Roman wrestling. Olga Gemeletdinova - the 2003 World Champion in Powerlifting).
It is gratifying to realize that at the beginning of the XXI century on the map of the Motherland new cities appear. Tarco-Sale, thanks to the labor feats of their inhabitants, not only became known in Russia, but also in other countries, as one of the points of mastering the hydrocarbon wealth of Siberia. But not only with tons of oil and gas cubic meters Slavy Tarco-Sale. Honored Status The city brought people.
Yamal. Polar. Center Western Siberia. The outpost of Russia in the harsh artics ... the internal content of these words, as in the lens, focused in itself the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The modern and beautiful city of Salekhard, having a 500-year-old history, a confident course comes in tomorrow.
Salekhard - the capital of Yamal
According to the testimony of archaeologists, at the place where the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is now located, people built settlements over two thousand years ago.
Subsequently, a discount of the Cossacks was built near the mouth of the River Semi, which was built by the Cossacks, gradually turned into a fortress town - one of many in the north of Siberia.
In 1595, Ozdorsk was formed at the scene, two centuries later became the parish center of Tobolsk province.
Residents produced hunting and fishing and engaged in trade: for 30 houses there were one and a half hundred shopping shops. At the beginning of the winter, there was a Obdor Winter Fair, where the fur, mammoth bone, fish and bird feather exchanged on flour, cloth, tobacco and alcohol, which was brought here hundreds of merchants.
In 1933, when Obdorsk became the capital of Yanao, he was renamed Salekhard that with Nenets means "village (in Nenets and" Selo ") on the cauldron (on Nenets and Hard)."
Geographical position
Geographic coordinates of Salekhard: 66 degrees and 32 minutes of northern latitude, 66 degrees and 37 minutes of Eastern longitude.
In the capital, YNAO employs many well-known enterprises and companies:
- river port;
- fish conservation plant;
- bakery;
- motor transportation;
- railway and aviation transport companies;
- representative offices of gold mining, gas and oil-producing companies, among which Gazprom and LUKOIL - Western Siberia.
The Salekhard administration also solves the issues of social and economic development of the city.
In 2009, an administrative complex on the banks of the Shaitanka River was specifically designed to accommodate the administration.
Population Salekhard.
The Russian population began to appear in Obdorsk at the beginning of the XIX century. In 1897, 500 people lived here who were engaged in hunting on fur beast, fishing and trade.
At the end of the 20th century, when the mass development of the land of Yamal began, the population of the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug became a rapid pace. Today, Salekhard population its calculates 45 thousand people.
It goes here to work on gas and oil towers. Scientists, teachers, doctors go. Not only a good "northern" salary, but also the romance of the polar circle attract many to Salekhard. The population of indigenous origin is Khanty and Nenets, or Samoyed. These are amazingly a few and modest people with traditional skill, distinctive culture, interesting customs, rites, beliefs.
Many tribes continue to live in the tundra and, as their ancestors, are engaged in fishing, hunting, reindeer herding, believe in spirits. They roame with pastures on pasture with thousands of flocks of deer.
Live in the plagots, built, like many centuries ago, from long poles and deer skins. Boys with four years know how to handle the arcane and manage the nases, girls - breed the fire in the plague and sew national clothes.
Architectural appearance of the city
The ancient city of Salekhard has changed a lot from the times of Obdor's Ostrog. Today he has a modern architectural appearance. Intensive housing development and the construction of new social infrastructure buildings are underway. Old houses after repair, appreciated the overall architectural style. Multi-storey buildings Looks like a multicolored palette against a cloudy day or white snow. They are painted in juicy, bright, scenic colors: cherry and blue roofs, green, blue, orange, yellow walls - color gamut fills a severe northern city special warmth, creates a comfort.
Many architectural objects are unusual. One of the memorable structures is the Torch bridge with the only pylon. Here is a restaurant, right above the water smoker of the Shaitanka River.
The capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is peacefully consistent with any religions. This is evidenced by the fact that the Orthodox temples and the mosque are adjacent to the city, closest to all other mosques in Russia located to the polar circle.
Next to it is the construction of the Cathedral Preobrazhensky Cathedral.
The first stone temple of Salekhard - Petropavlovsky Cathedral, built in 1894. Snow white walls, light blue towers, golden stuffs with crosses - under the low polar sky against the background of the endless tundra and the river building seems to be air, aspiring.
Sculptural world Salekharda
The sculptural world of Salekhard is unusual. Here are a large number of monuments dedicated to animals that embody the sacred spirits of the indigenous people of Yamal:
- Near the ferry crossing is a 10-meter mammoth. More than 40 extinct mammoths found in the north of Siberia, among them - the Yamal Mammothita Masha and Lyuba.
- On the embankment of the Shaitanka River, a six-meter monument to the Northern deer is installed - the main wealth of the tundra, the symbol of good and immortality.
- The bypass road is crowned with a sculptural composition dedicated to the Stern - White Siberian cranes, the sacred bird of indigenous peoples of the North, which brings happiness to everyone who saw her.
- Near the Polaris cinema is a small sculpture - perpetuated in stainless steel dragonfly.
- In the center of the waiting room at the Salekhar airport, as if they are trying to take off the tundra swans - a symbol of return to the native edges.
- The building of the hotel "Arctic", a 10-ton composition "Constellation" represents a 10-ton composition "Constellation" with a bearish.
- The airport has froze on the snow-covered floes two bear. They support the shield "Coat of arms of Yamal in the Crown". This is a bright way of communication between people and the nature of the Arctic.
- Entry to Salekhard is marked by the eponymous stele, depicting the inhabitants of water, celestial and earthly spaces of the Arctic coast: seagulls, walruses and bears reflect the natural world of Yamal.
"Tundra, call me from distance ..."
The capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a special world.
In winter, this is hundreds of snowflakes, fluttering in the light of the lanterns. Snow crissed under legs. Northern Lights The Northern Lights cause admiration, the flickering of the multicolored canvas flickering. Shining white snow blinds eyes, on a flat white bedspread sun rays scattered by sparks ...
In the fall beaten the soul of Tundra, bright, impregnated with the short northern summer. It is filled with a subtle bird whistle, barely catching the bitter smell of wormwood and the taste of lingonberries, sour-sweet with a slight taste of a mustard ...
Purple thickets of Ivan tea. Dwarf birings and touching trees. Blue-blue lakes and rivers-rivers scattered over the tundra. Lead sky with low heavy clouds, as if attached to the ground. Steel color smooth river ...
The air is transparent and crystal-clean - it is impossible to breathe. Nature of the North of Majestic and Little Slow.
All who are going to Yamal for the first time, several brief advice can be useful:
- Aerosols and other means from mosquitoes and the most closed clothing - protection against raging mosquitoes and annoying midges.
- Waterproof shoes - Best shoes for swampy tundra.
- Tundra welcoming his arms to everyone, and it is necessary to treat it so as not to damage it with its presence. The traditional northern peoples shoes are made so as not to damage the soil cover, not harm the northern nature, which generously gives all: a deer - a beaker, people - mushrooms and berries, and for the restoration of forces and natural wealth, she sometimes needs a century.
Salekhard, Russia, the polar circle - the world, where the nature is strict and majestic, and people are open and hospitable.
Ural federal district. Yamalo-Nenets JSC. The area is 769.3 thousand k.km .. formed on December 10, 1930.
Administrative Center of the Federal District - city Salekhard.
- The subject of the Russian Federation is part of the Ural Federal District, located in the Arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. According to the Charter of the Tyumen region, it also includes the composition of the Tyumen region, being an equal subject of the Russian Federation. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District from the North is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean (Kara Sea). In the territory of the district there is the Yamal Peninsula - the northernmost material point of the district.
It is part of the West Siberian Economic Area. The basis of the economy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the production of oil and gas. At Yamal, the largest flock of deer in Russia is grazing - over 700 thousand goals. The district is the leading exporter of reindeer meat on foreign markets. In the rivers and lakes of Yamal, the world's largest flock of sigal fish is concentrated. The basis of the ichthyofauna is the famous North Belorebitsa - Nelma, Muksun, Pyzyan, Ryapushka. The district is also a major supplier of the Ferns: silver-black foxes, blue sandsts, colored minks are diluted at animal farms. The main types of economic activity in the region are FEK, construction, trade, transport and communications.
On December 10, 1930, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was formed as part of the Ural Region. Later, the Yamalo-Nenets National District was part of the Osco-Irtysh and Omsk regions.
From August 14, 1944, the Yamalo-Nenets National District entered the Tyumen region.
In 1977, the Yamalo-Nenets National District received autonomous status.
Since 1992, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is the subject of the Russian Federation.
Cities and areas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Cities of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Salekhard, Gubkinsky, Labnyangi, Tarco-Sale, Muravlenko, Nadym, New Urengoy, Noyabrsk.
Urban districts of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: "City Salekhard", "Gubkinsky", "City of Labnyangi", "City of Muravlenko", "Town New Urengoy", "City of Noyabrsk".
Why you can not give icons
Is it possible to give icons as a gift: Signs, the opinion of the Church
A year ago left her husband, and now I do not know what to do