Schunzirkul - an indispensable assistant in work. Honing heads Evaluation of the quality of measuring surfaces

In the home workshop, in addition to a variety of measuring instruments, a caliper, which is often needed where the roulette or ruler is not suitable.

Below we will look at what is similar measuring toolWhat kinds are encountered and how to use them correctly, to get the most accurate measurement data.

Appointment of caliper

This measuring instrument is used mainly to obtain the exact data when determining the outer and internal diameters pipes, the thicknesses of their walls, to calculate the mid-scene distance in the holes, the size of the parts of the cylindrical shape, the thickness of the wire and metal sheetAs well as other materials of small dimensions and small products.

A similar device is convenient to measure the depth of grooves, holes and grooves, various recesses with great accuracy in the most hard to reach places. The accuracy of the caliper at measurements reaches the tenths and hundredths of the millimeter, which cannot provide such a simple tool as a ruler or roulette.

The tool, according to GOST 166-89, is made of stainless or carbon steel coated with chrome-plated composition. Comprises:

• rigid metal line, called barbell (from where and the name of the tool - caliper);
• measuring protrusions - sponges;
• auxiliary frame with a non-nonous scale called a different venier, which allows measurements to be measured up to tenths and hundredths of a millimeter, depending on the type of tool;
• the moving line of the depth gauge, rigidly connected to sponges.

The scale of the Nonius caliper can have a different length and the number of divisions. 10 divisions on the Nonius scale make it possible to measure with an accuracy of 0.1 mm, 20 divisions give measurement accuracy to 0.05 mm:

Sponges can be upper and lower. On the surface of the lower - indicated minimum size Measured parts. The ends of the lower sponges are made in the form of rectangles. Top - pointed and vertical bevelled, which allows them to make marking on any materials and details, without the use of other marking devices (i.e., right sponges can be burned with the line exactly due to the sharp ends).

Using the upper lips is measured internal sizes holes, diameters of pipes, grooves, various recesses. To measure outdoor parameters, bottom sponges are used. For measuring length deep holes Used line of depth gauge, which is extended from the main rod:

To fix the rolling frame on the line with a nonous scale, there is a special fastener screw. Some models of the calipers are equipped with a scale round shape and a moving frame, the scale of which is designed to carry out measurements in inches. In this case, the nonius scale of this device allows measurements with an accuracy of 0.128 inches.

Types of calipers and specifications

The classification of such measuring instruments is carried out in several parameters - the removal method, the type of scale, the location of the sponges. All these differences are reflected in the instrument marking.

W. different types The following types of scales can be applied to the removal of measurement readings.

1. scale "Nonius";
2. the scale located on the dial;
3. using a scoreboard with a digital indicator.

According to its design, the caliper is divided into the following types:

• One-sided tools made of carbide steel and marked shtsk.
• Mechanical models with single or bilateral arrangements of sponges marked as UC-I, SC-II, UC-III, the countdown of measurements on which can be performed using a non-narrow scale.
• The device equipped with a circular scale is marked with chic or ShCC and allows more accurate measurements than devices with a non-narrow scale. A circular scale shows fractional readings, on the ball itself integers.
• The electronic definition of the last generation with a digital scoreboard, showing the distance between the inner surfaces of the sponges, is marked by the Shtsz and can operate in symbiosis with PC. This is the best device that allows you to quickly, without unnecessary computing, see the measurement data that is held with high accuracy up to 0.01 mm.

The TC-II tool differs from the model of the SC-I in what has an additional frame equipped with a locking screw and connected to the main frame. The fixed additional frame allows you to bring the ends of the sponges to more accurately measure the internal dimensions of the holes.

The UC-III device differs from the model of the SC-II in that it does not have one pair of the upper marking sponges. Used to measure large parts.

How to use calipers

Before using the tool, you need to check it in good condition and accuracy. To do this, you need to view it and delete the available contamination at all parts. It is also necessary to check whether the zero marks on the main scale and the nonius scale with a dense connection of the lower sponges.

The measured item is best fixed in a fixed state, but you can keep in your left hand, the main thing is to prevent its mobility in the measurement process. If required to be measured external dimensions Any detail, you need to divide the sponges and tightly reach the measured object. In this case, the part must be in proper position, without sinking and should not move. The next step will be fixing the part in the caliper by screwing the fastening screw, without excessive effort. Only after that you can proceed to reading the readings.

When using the SCTC device, you do not need to be calculated the size of the measured part, all this is shown on the display. It is also not difficult to remove the sizes when working with the UKC device. The integers on the rod are indicated by the edge of the moving frame, the hundredth or tenth lobes of the millimeter shows the circular scale.

But S. mechanical tool SC-I, SC-II and SC-III will need to compare the values \u200b\u200bof the main scale and nonus. Initially, the size is determined in the integers, i.e. the testimony on the main scale, which is determined by the position of the first risks of the nonical scale. Then, depending on the type of caliper, the size in the tenths or hundredths of the millimeter is determined.

Total measurement algorithm:

1. We look at the top scale how much the whole millimeters are stacked.
2. On the lower scale, we look at which division is most coincided with the division on the top scale (as it turns into one line) is the tenth and hundredths of the millimeter.

Consider in the picture, how the measurement of 28.55 millimeters is obtained:

When using the tool, the error of the caliper should be taken into account, which may occur due to improper storage, mechanical damage, tool contamination, the temperature state of the measured part. Optimal temperature To carry out measurements, this device is a range of 10-40 degrees above zero. To obtain the most reliable measurement data when working in a caliper, it is recommended to make several measurements and calculate the arithmetic average. At the end of the measurement, the device is required to wipe dry and put on storage in the case.

This article ends. Today we learned that such a caliper, which it happens and how to measure it with it.

The caliper is used to determine the outer and internal diameters, linear dimensions, depth of grooves and holes, as well as distances between the ledges. Some modifications allow you to apply marking on the surface of the blanks. The tool is used to measure the processed parts on mechanical and plumbing industrial areas, control the production of wear surfaces during equipment repair, due to simplicity in the development is used in domestic workshops.

Presented in Fig. 1 Shtanzirkul type UC-1 consists of:

1. Rods.
2. Framework.
3. Measuring scale.
4. Upper sponges.
5. Lower lips.
6. Depthioner.
7. Nonius scales.
8. Clamping screw.

The choice of caliper for a particular task is determined by dimensions, design features of the part and the requirements for the accuracy of the size. Tools differ in the following parameters:

• Measurement range. The length of the scale on the rod is from 125 to 4000 mm.
• Accuracy. Common modifications have an error of 0.1, 0.05, 0.02 and 0.01 mm.
• Functional. There are caliper with depth hencer and without it.
• Quantity and form of measurement surfaces.Sponges of one-sided and double-sided tools are flat, pointed or rounded.
• Design of the reading device. It happens nonical, mechanical time-type or electronic.

The calipers are made of wear-resistant tool steels, and their measurement surfaces can be reinforced by carbide attacks. To mark the parts to unintentionally, the cutters are installed (Fig. 2), equipped with holders and clamping screws.

Order measurement

The tool and item must be prepared for work: remove contaminants, bring the sponge close and make sure that the readings correspond to "0". To measure the outer diameter or linear size Need:

• divide sponges by moving the frame;
• shift to dense adjacent to counter-surface;
• fix the position of the frame with a locking screw;
• remove the caller to assess the results obtained.

To measure the inner size, the sponges are reduced in "0", and then spread to contact with counter-surfaces. If a constructive features Details allow you to see the scale, the readings are read without fixing and eliminating.

To measure the depth of the hole:

• the movement of the frame push the depth gradder;
• lowered it into the hole to the bottom and pressed against the wall;
• move the bar until it stops into the end;
• fixed with a locking screw and output.

The accuracy of the results depends on the correctness of the positioning of the sponges relative to the part. For example, when determining the diameter of the cylinder, the rod must intersect or cross it with its longitudinal axis at a right angle, and when measuring the length, it is parallel. In the TC-2 and SC-3 type, there is an additional frame that is movably connected to the main micrometric adjusting screw (Fig. 3). This design simplifies the positioning of the tool. When performing measurements, the additional frame is fixed on the rod, and the position of the main is regulated by the rotation of the micrometric screw.

Reading results

On a non-narrow scale

The amount of entire millimeters is counted from the zero division on the rail to the zero division of the nonius. If they do not coincide, then the size contains the shares of a millimeter, corresponding to the accuracy of the tool. To determine them, it is necessary to count on the nonius from zero to the stroke, which coincides with the risk on the row, and then multiply their amount on the division price.

Figure 4 shows dimensions: a - 0.4 mm, b - 6.9 mm, in - 34.3 mm. Nonius division price 0.1 mm

On the hourly indicator

The amount of entire millimeters is counted on the bar from zero to the last risks, not hidden under the frame. Shares are determined by the indicator: the division number on which the arrow stopped, multiply on its price.

Figure 5 shows a size of 30.25 mm. The price of dividing the indicator is 0.01 mm.

On digital table

To determine the internal size taken by a tool with radius measurement surfaces (the lower sponges in Fig. 3), their thickness is added to the testimony on the scale, which is indicated on the stationary sponge. To calculate outdoor sizeRemoved by the caliper with the cutters (Fig. 2), their thickness is torn from testimony on the scale.

Marking

An ordinary caliper with pointed measurement surfaces copes with basic marking operations. Recomposing one sponge into the sidewall of the part, the tip of the second can be drawn to the surface perpendicular to it. The line is obtained equid to the end and copies its shape. To draw a hole, it is necessary to put his center: the recess is used to fix one of the sponges. Similarly, any reception of the design geometry can be used.

Carbide attacks and cutters leave noticeable scratches on the details of steels with hardness above 60 HRC. There are also narrow-profile calipers designed exclusively for marking.

Why errors occur during measurements

The most common errors that reduce the accuracy of measurement results with a good tool:

• Excessive pressure on the frame causes a skew relative to the rod. The same effect is obtained if when measured by lower sponges, the corksyrculus for the top.
• Installation of sponges per cartel, chamfer and roundings.
• Pauses when positioning.
• Tool calibration violation.

The first three mistakes most often arise from lack of experience, and go with practice. The latter must be prevented at the stage of preparation for measurements. The easiest way is to set "0" on the electronic caliper: for this there is a button (in Fig. 6 ZERO button). An hourly indicator is reset by rotating the screw located in its lower part. To calibrate Nonius, they release fastening screws to the frame, move it into right position And fixate again.

The deformations of the elements of the caliper and wear of the measurement surfaces make the tool unsuitable for use. To reduce the amount of marriage at the production of caliper, periodic calibration in metrological services are held. To check the accuracy of the instrument and purchase skills in domestic conditions, it is possible to measure the details whose sizes are known in advance: for example, shanks drill or bear rings.

The main task of the caliper is measuring dimensions. The device, though simple, however, allows with high accuracy to measure almost any items. Application It finds everywhere - from the workshops of all directions to beauty salons (used, for example, to create an ideal eyebrows).

Device

If you look at the photo of the caliper, it will become apparent that the basic elements of the device are typical for any kind:

• Rod - bar
• Sponges for measuring the outer and inside of the part
• Depthine meter - Additional option allows you to measure the depth of the holes and grooves
• Nonius - an additional mobile scale that allows you to measure with an accuracy of tenths of a millimeter (up to 0.05 mm, the greater accuracy no longer makes sense, since the human eye does not discern the measurement result)
• Screw for fixing measurement

The length of the rod of the device is 15 cm, but there are also specific models with a longer ruler.

Tips on sponges are made of very solid metal, which allows them to be used also for marking (you can simply draw lines on the surface of the plates, parts, etc.).

Measurement scheme

Let's look in detail how to use a caliper. To begin, it is necessary to determine the character of measurements, and depending on whether the internal, external part or the depth of the product will be measured, is used need element The instrument, the measurement principle in all cases one, so we consider on the example of the measurement of the external part of the part:

Sponges are bred to the parties, the subject is placed between them and the sponges are connected (if the subject is solid, then it is good to squeeze the sponge, if the soft object is measured, then the main thing is not to minimize the part, otherwise the measurement result will be incorrect). To conveniently remove the measurement, the result can be fixed with the fastener screw.

The resulting values \u200b\u200bare checked on the line.

Since the number may not be integer, then it is necessary to pay attention to nonius to determine the shares. First of all, you need to find a division that coincides with the division of the main lineup (for example, the main ruler issued the result of 2 cm and 4 millimeters "with kopecks", to calculate the "kopecks" we see that the risk of 7 on Nonius with the risk on the main lineup is obtained Result 2.47 cm).

Important! Only 1 risk should coincide. If several risks match (not in mind zeros), then this device should not be used, as it is not working.

Varieties of caliper

All types of calipers are given in GOST 166-89. Nonous, dial and digital are most common.

Nonous caller

The device in the form in which we used to see it, and it is its device that described above.

Cyberbate caller

An alternative to Nonius and the ruler serves the dial, the arrow immediately shows the measurement result. It is much easier for use, since it is not necessary to make calculations for nonius. The Achilles of the heel in the dial calipers is glass, with its breakdown, the device is no longer suitable. But now Shtsz appeared on the shelves with a more durable carbon plate.

Digital caller

On the bar with divisions there is a carriage with an LCD display, where the resulting measurement data is automatically displayed by caliper. Their one clicking the button can be translated from millimeters in inches and vice versa, and there is also an additional button to save the measurement results and zero.

Electronic caliper is good accuracy, visibility and speed of measurement, the movement of sponges is more smoothly adjustable. And, agree, it is more convenient to look at the numbers than trying, straining vision, catch fission.

Care and storage

The caliper refers to the discharge of high-precision devices. Therefore, it requires careful care. It is unacceptable for the presence of dirt or paint on it, as it critically spoil the measurement testimony.

High-quality caller is the key to a good result of production.

Photo of using caliper

The reliability of the measurement tools depends on the accuracy of their manufacture and fit the main parts. With wear, the instrument needs to be repaired, eliminating the curvature of the guide rods of the rods, non-captable or imperpendence of the working surfaces of the sponges, skew frames, etc.

The working surface of the stantlery rods is checked by paint at the calibration plate; Orthodoxy spill with a personal file and bring on a triwort pig-iron plate. In this case, it is necessary to withstand the parallelism of the ribs in the range of 0.02-0.03 mm. The measuring sponges of the front of the straps and the base of the calibration should be treated at an angle of 90 °.

ron. Then drive into the rivet holes and they spaw their flush with the surface of the cheeks. Commissioning the sponge on the rod 3 and frame 9 and making sure that they are rigidly installed in the grooves, diffuse and cleaned them all over the contour, while testing the controlular carbon perpendicularity of their working surfaces to the surface of the ribbling. Screwing and cleaning all the external surfaces, as well as the working surfaces of the sponges, they are thermally processed to HRC 56-58 hardness and release for 2-3 units. After that, carefully cleaned the outer surfaces of the frame and sponges, installed and fastened with screws in the frame of Nonius 4, the springs insert into the clamp and the frame and put them on the bar 3. The caliper is fixed in the assembled form in the locksmith-lectural videos and proceed to the reference of the sponge planes.

When the measuring planes of sponges 6 and 7 (Fig. 145) of the caliper should be checked by the carbon to check their perpendicularity of the rod plane 3. Parallelism of rods and sponge planes are checked using end measures clamping
the screws between the measuring planes when the frame moves every 10 mm of the length of the rod.

When moving the frames with sponges on the rod 3, pressing the measuring planes of sponges on end measures should be the same everywhere. The measuring planes of sponges are adjusted using three cast-iron feeds, different from each other in height by 0.25 mm. The feeders are periodically adjusted and lubricated

Fig. 146. The method of checking Pa - Fig. 147. Table stamp for

raplicity of planes of sponges of flexible plate springs to

schunciterkuli using stantlerystruments

tiles of end mer.

10-12 micron paste gay, moistened kerosene. When assembling the nodes of the calipers, it is necessary to pay special attention to the operation of the plate springs inserted into the grooves of the frame and the clamp, since it largely depends not only the smoothness of the framework of the tool rod, but also the accuracy of controlling the outer and internal dimensions of the measuring sponge parts.

The planes of the rods of the rod can be considered parallel to each other and perpendicular measuring planes of the sponges in the case when, with the contact of these planes with a cast block of end measures and sharp sponges 7 and 8 and stupid sponges 5 and 6, the readings of the caliper will be the same.

When checking the parallelism of the sponges of the sponges in the process of their finishing, it is necessary to ensure that the screws 7 and 8 (Fig. 146) only slightly clamp springs in the frame 2 and the clamp 9. This is done so that the frame and the clamp freely without distortion moves on the rod 1. At the same time, capturing right hand CHOMICT 9 and frame 2, the lecturer should only move them on the bar, and with his left hand, capturing the tile of end measures 10, slightly swing it between the planes of stupid sponges 3 and 4 and the sharp sponges 5 and 6.

By moving tiles along and across the sponge planes, not only the parallelism of their planes among themselves, but also the adjaceability of the planes of the tile W to the treated planes of the sponges of the calipers.

In fig. 147 depicted a desktop hand strap scheme
for flexible billets of lamellar shaped springs from steel 65g for stantlerystruments. The matrix 2 of the stamp is clamped into vice 1 and stacked in it the harvesting spring 3, then the shank 6 of the stamp is captured with the left hand, and PUNSON 5 is pressed, connected to the shank pins 8, to the resistant plate 4, fixed on the matrix 2 screws 7. Then the hammer handle is easily hit the shank 6 stamp. As a result, the required form of a plate spring L. L. Stamp dimensions

perform depending on the length of the frames and collaborators of calories.

In fig. 148, but is shown to recharge the curvature of parallel lateral surfaces of the rod 2, fixed in the locksmiths 1 between the three aluminum gaskets 3. In the editors' process, the rod is moved along the gaskets 3, and the right hand, turning the handle 4 of the vice and slightly pressing on the gaskets, correct curvature rod. In fig. 148, B shows another way to edit the curvature of the rod 2, sandwiched between aluminum gaskets 5 in the sponges of the vice. In contrast to the previous method, the curvature of the rod is corrected across the lateral planes with the help of a wicked mandrel 6.

The device shown in fig. 149, intended for grinding and pressed surfaces of the lines of caliper. The base of the base 1 is placed on the mounting screws 2 ruler 3 until it stops into the pin 4 and clamp it on both sides and with the end with screws 5 and 6. Using the indicator, the surface parallel is checked, after which the device is ticked by a thickened

mode on the electromagnetic plate until it stops. Polishing the surface of the line and sponge on one side, grinding wheel Raise and without changing the installation of fixtures, turn over the ruler and grind the surfaces on the other side. Then the caliper is collected and adjusted the planes of its lips and a moving frame.

During the repair of Schunsmusmus (Fig. 150, a), it is necessary to monitor the observance of the perpendicularity of the rod base. Therefore, before editing the rod 1, it is necessary to bring the base 2 tool base and check the perpendicularity of the rod with the coal with coal, fixed screws on the prism 4 installed on the test plate 5.

By repairing the caliper, you need to straighten, and then bring the side sides of the rod (Fig. 150, 6) using the above devices. When finishing Nizhnya working surface Bases 2 must be observed perpendicular to its rod 1. At the same time, the side sides of the rod are adjusted along with the lower surface of the frame 7. Before the base, it is necessary to repair the frame and the clamp 6, and at the skewers, fix the plate springs inserted into them. After repairing the frame 7 and adjust the side of the bar, the latter is installed in the frame, extinguishing the zero position on the nonius scale attached by screws. Then the rod turn over and is installed again in the frame, seeking the coincidence of zero rods of the rod and noniural.

Micrometers, like other types of measuring instruments and instruments, are tested and certified by their suitability to operation. In the micrometric measuring instruments, in most cases, micrometric screws are fail, the work planes of which require in this case a thorough fingerboard.

Good time day! Today we will talk about how to properly produce measurements using a universal measuring instrument for this purpose - caliper. With it, you can define the outer / internal dimensions of the parts, as well as the depth of the holes.

The photo presents two tools with the price of the nonius scale 0.1 and 0.02 mm.

Thanks to a special design, the tool allows you to fix the part, thus the likelihood of error occurs at the time of the measurement.

Device caliper:

1. Barbell;
2. Moving frame;
3. Main scale;
4. Sponges of internal dimensions;
5. Sponges of measurements of external dimensions;
6. Depthine meter;
7. Vernier;
8. Fixing (locking) screw.

When using the calipers, follow the following rules:

• You can not allow sinking sponges.
• After measuring, fix the moving frame with a locking screw.
• Reading readings, keep the caliper straight before your eyes.
• It is necessary to store a tool in a special case, in its pure form.
• After working, the tool must be wiped with a clean soft cloth.

Principles of measurements

Before starting the measurements, check the tool for accuracy. To make it minimize the sponge of the caliper. Zero labels, the tenth touch on the Nonius scale and the nineteenth touche on the main scale must coincide.

Measurement of outdoor sizes. We divor the sponge of the caliper slightly more than the dimensions of the measured part, and then we reduce them until it stops, clamping the item.

Measurement of internal dimensions. I exhibit a tool into the zero position, after placing the sponge in the required plane. Then we drag them until the stop.

Measurement of depth.We rest in the tool end to the part and begin to move the driving frame until the depthioner does not prevent or reaches the desired point.

Marking. I exhibit a given value, fix the tool to the locking screw, we rest on one of the sponges on the edge of the part and apply markup on the surface of the workpiece (straight lines, notches, circles). But it is better to make marking specially intended for this purpose tools and spare an accurate expensive measuring instrument.

Read the readings of the caliper

Whole varities of millimeters count on the main scale to the nonius zero label, and the tenths (hundredths) of the millimeter shares - on the nonius scale from the zero tag to the first matching tag with the main scale.

A few examples:

How to store tool

It is best to store a tool in the case in which it is sold. Do not allow dust, sawdust. Do not allow contact with moisture and avoid condensate accumulation. You should not allow strikes and scratches that can deform the tool and reduce the measurement accuracy. After each use, wipe the surface with a dry cloth. Keep the tool needed with diluted sponges (2-3 mm). Neat appeal allows them to use it for many years and even decades.

In addition to the tools presented in this article, there are several more varieties of caliper:

Circular calipers. In the excavation, which is located on the rod, placed the rail, with a gear attached to it. Indications are read from the rod and circular scale.

Calcircular with digital indication.

I hope the outlined information was useful! Thanks for attention!