Diy ladder to the attic: we make a ladder to the attic with photo instructions. Convenient stairs to the attic in the house: types of structures Stairs to the second floor of the attic

To climb to the second floor of a private house or an attic, as a rule, there are two options for stairs: spiral and march. We will try to study each of them in more detail and draw the appropriate conclusions that will help to choose the most optimal option.

Peculiarities

Everyone knows that in order to get to the attic, you need a staircase. For this purpose, some owners use a conventional attached structure (step-ladder), but in this case, we don't need to talk about aesthetics. To use the attic room for living, you will not be able to do without a high-quality, beautiful, and, most importantly, a safe staircase. Such a structure can be made of metal or wood and have a very different design.

In some houses, a bathhouse, vestibule or kitchen may be located on the ground floor. There may be several rooms at once or one of them. In this case, it is necessary to make careful calculations so that the ladder in no way interferes with free movement and does not take up too much space. You also need to take into account that the staircase should not block the sunlight, otherwise the room will be too dark. Its location should be as practical as possible.

For the competent use of living space and saving space, the staircase should be as comfortable as possible. Moreover, it should be in harmony with the general interior of the house and have a safe lift.

A sloping staircase in a small house takes up a lot of space, so this option is usually used in spacious buildings. Even its bulky design will not prevent sunlight from entering the room without hindrance and will not interfere with the movement of residents.

If the house is small, then the best option would be a staircase with a steep structure, its arrangement is not very difficult. Such a staircase is less comfortable in comparison with a flat one, but it makes it easy to move around the house, and the entrance to it is very convenient. A spiral staircase (spiral) is considered the most economical and rational option, because it takes up little space and can radically transform any house.

Views

As you already know, the main types of attic stairs are marching and screw structures. Let's take a closer look at these types. Marching stairs are considered the safest and most convenient option. This is very important if there are small children or elderly people in the house. It is quite easy to design such a staircase yourself. Its installation does not present any serious difficulties and can be carried out without the help of specialists, which will save a lot of money. To ensure a reliable structure, it is necessary to use special kosoura (a type of ladder bowstring), which are supporting bolts (a part of the ladder structure to which the steps are attached).

To save space, a staircase is most often used, which has two flights, between them run-in steps or a platform are installed. This type is often used if there is very little space in the house. The two-flight structure is quite simple to build. It is worth remembering that one-marching options are more cumbersome in comparison with two-marching options, but they are quite convenient in that you can make a convenient utility room or closet under them for storing various trifles.

Some parents, in order to please the children, make a children's storehouse or a real fairy-tale cave out of it. In this case, there is simply no limit to children's joy.

Spiral mansard staircases are generally used much less frequently. They are quite difficult to design and build with your own hands, and you can make a lot of mistakes. Most often, the owners simply buy the finished structure in specialized stores. Fortunately, today there are a lot of such trading floors, and such stairs can be presented in various variations: for every taste and color.

If you didn't manage to find anything, then you can easily order a ladder from manufacturing companies that will make it for you individually. In this case, the structure only needs to be assembled and installed.

The compact ladder to the attic can be retractable. Flip-out and folding options are also quite popular today.

General classification of stairs by type and number of flights:

straight-span models;
one-march (1-2 turns at 90 °);
two-march (1 turn by 90 ° and 1 turn by 180 °);
spiral spans (required element - load-bearing column);
circular spans (shaft in the middle).

Straight spans do not have any turns and are set taking into account a certain angle. In this case, the width of the steps should be on average 30 cm, and their depth at least 27 cm. Stairs that have turns, respectively, capture much more space than straight ones. The width of the walkway should be 50-100 cm, and the width and height of the steps may vary.

Materials (edit)

Everyone knows the fact that it is most advisable to use wood as a material for an attic staircase. The wood has an aesthetic appearance, beautiful texture and rich color. Modern paint and varnish mixtures allow you to give wood the most incredible colors and shades. Moreover, wood is a fairly durable and, most importantly, safe material that will serve for many, many years.

Sometimes for the manufacture of stairs, a material such as iron is also used, but its use implies many specific difficulties. A good forged construction looks incredibly beautiful, but it usually costs a lot more. If you use in this case not forged products, but ordinary metal, then it is better to do with an applied ladder, since there should be a high-quality and beautiful product in the house, and not an option that creaks and plays like a garage door.

Let's go back to the tree. This material is perfect for the manufacture of mansard stairs. The minimum amount of time and equipment will not prevent you from doing everything planned, and this is its main advantage. Moreover, wood, like no other material, can add coziness and comfort to a home.

Making a wooden staircase involves using hardwoods such as oak, pine, larch, yew and ash. Such products, for example, are offered by the Fakro brand. A door or other elements of a metal staircase are usually decorated with forging, decorative figures, etc. Concrete products are rarely used. They are rather bulky and difficult to manufacture.

How to do it yourself?

For self-production of a mansard staircase, you should initially decide on its design and the nature of the location. It is necessary to take into account the area and availability of free space in the house. Most homeowners opt for a straight structure that has no bends or stairs with multiple flights. These varieties are the most optimal, practical and convenient for the home. If the area of the room allows, then you can stop at the option with several turns-turns.

It is very important to correctly calculate the number of steps in each span. This can be done with regular twine by measuring the distance from the end of the ladder to the floor. The depth and height of the steps are calculated based on the angle of inclination of the structure. The steeper it is, the smaller the width of the steps should be.

Before starting work, you should very carefully check all the calculations and calculations. To begin with, we determine the width and height of the rise, the dimensions of the hatch (if any), the steepness. We must not forget that the staircase to the attic should be not only beautiful, but also safe. Therefore, be sure to provide for the presence of handrails, fences and other safety elements. The construction of a staircase involves the following steps:

precise determination of the location of the structure;
creation of a sketch;
creation of a detailed drawing with all dimensions, selection of material of manufacture;
selection of accessories and tools;
production of staircase elements (steps, railings);
mounting.

Let's take a look at a typical installation procedure for a permanent wooden staircase.

Initially, the base of the structure itself is mounted. At the very bottom, it is securely held by a bar, for example, made of wood.
With construction screws, suitable stringers are screwed to the bar.
The upper tenons of each element are inserted into the grooves provided. The junction must be coated with wood glue.
For a more reliable fastening of the entire structure, metal building corners are used.

Threaded rods are used to reinforce the ladder. With their help, all the stringers are connected in several places. This is the standard for a secure and sturdy mount.
The main beam is then screwed securely to the wall.
The steps are mounted starting from the lowest tread. This sequence is very important. Fix the tread on the dowels, in extreme cases, on self-tapping screws.
It is imperative to coat all visible joints with wood glue.
After these steps, the riser itself is installed directly.
At the final stage, all the stringers are sewn up to the very top of the structure.

Some owners of a private house prefer an external staircase, since this option is very convenient if there is no place for a conventional structure in the room. Outdoor stairs are made of various materials, the main ones being wood, concrete, metal and stone. The best options are still wood and metal. These materials are the most resistant to the external environment, but only if they are pre-treated with special protective equipment.

The main advantages of an external staircase:

saving free space in the house;
the ability to get to the attic right from the street.

Equipping additional space in the attic is a good option for increasing the living space in the house. After the attic has become residential, care must be taken to install a beautiful one. Even when designing, you need to think about where the staircase for the attic will be installed, what kind it will have, and what material it will be made of.

At the place of installation, the staircase for the attic can be internal or external. Internal staircase is the most used option, but it takes up a lot of space. An external staircase for the attic is mounted from the outer part of buildings, it is an element of the facade of the building. By type of construction, stairs to the attic are:

Single-flight staircase to the attic. Such a ladder for the attic is easy to manufacture and install.

Two-flight (swing) staircase for the attic.

With winder steps. In this case, the turntable is replaced by trapezoidal steps. Such an attic staircase takes up less space than a two-flight staircase.

Screw. This type of attic structure takes up a minimum of space and is the most acceptable option. The spiral attic staircase will add originality to any interior. A spiral attic structure is assembled from winder steps, which are mounted on a bearing pillar.

Foldable. This is the most economical type of construction. It is used when attic stairs are rarely used. The folding ladder to the attic consists of individual sections and fits into the skylight. It is easy to install, easy to operate, takes up little space, is reliable and simple.

Material selection

The main material for the manufacture of stairs to the attic is wood, less often metal and very rarely - stone. Sometimes the march to the attic is combined, when the bowstring is made of metal, and the steps are made of wood.

Inside the house, a wooden attic staircase is often used. Wooden staircase can be of any type and color. Wood is environmentally friendly, reliable, easy to handle. The lumber prepared for work must be even, free of knots, cracks and deformations.

The attic staircase, made of metal, is mainly installed indoors. Such an attic structure is reliable in operation and is highly durable.

The attic staircase made of stone is installed outside the building. It is reliable and well made. After installation, the stone staircase structure is plastered and painted in the color of the building facade.

Marching design and calculation of elements

The marching staircase for the attic is the easiest to build. It can have one or more spans. In order for the flight of stairs to be operated for a long period, it is necessary to carry out the correct calculation of all elements when designing:

The bowstring and kosour are the main bearing elements of the entire structure. A ladder for the attic on bowstrings is the most used option. The bowstring is made either wooden or metal. A wood bowstring is more often used, since it is easy to handle and install. Recommended sizes of wooden bowstrings: length - 2000-5500 mm, width - from 350 mm, thickness - from 25 to 50 mm. The attic staircase with stringers looks prettier, but difficult to manufacture and install. For installation, you need to know what length and height it will be, the depth of its steps, the height of the riser.

The difference between a bowstring and a stringer is that the steps on the bowstring are located between the beams. Kosour is the same beam only the steps are already installed on top of the beam

Steps and risers. They are made of flat, processed boards, with a width of 0.2 to 0.3 m, based on the free space allocated for the flight of stairs. All steps must be sanded, cuts and irregularities removed. Risers are selected in height, ranging from 15 to 20 cm.

The number of steps. The length of the flight of stairs must be divided by the allowable step height. If the staircase has a number of steps of 18 pieces or more, it is recommended to make platforms for a turn.
U-turn area. The attic staircase can be rotated 90 and 180 degrees, based on the shape of the staircase. The width of the landing should be the same as the width of the flight of stairs. It is necessary to provide for the length of the site of more than 1 meter, which is commensurate with the length of a person's stride. This will ensure normal movement around the site.

Steepness. The slope of the flight of stairs should be in the range of 30 to 45 degrees. This complies with the conditions for its safe use and ergonomics. If the slope is greater than 45 degrees, carrying heavy things and moving people will be very uncomfortable. With a slope of less than 30 degrees, the stairs to the attic will be longer and take up a lot of free space.

Length of the structure. To calculate it, you need to take the attachment points of the march in the floor and lower floor overlap. Having received the height and width of the structure, we calculate its length using the formula for the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle.

Mounting marchingstaircase construction

This installation procedure is typical. The set for mansard stairs includes a bowstring, balusters with handrails, treads, risers. To install the bowstring, grooves for its installation are equipped in the upper overlap. Sometimes these grooves are not performed, but metal stoppers are mounted and firmly fixed. In the place of the lower attachment of the bowstring at the level of the first step, a stopper bar is installed and fixed to the floor so that even minimal movement is excluded when the ladder is loaded. Installation of steps is extremely simple. The grooves prepared for the steps in the bowstring must be smeared with an adhesive and the risers must be installed. After that, you need to make sure that the risers are aligned along the edge, and attach them with nails or self-tapping screws. Treads can be laid on fixed risers and secured. The glue in this situation does not allow the steps to creak.

Advice! For ease of use, it is recommended to start the installation of steps on mansard stairs from the first lower step.

When installing balusters, you need to ensure that they are all installed at the same height... To do this, on the first and last step, mount the same balusters, stretch the rope between them and install the remaining balusters along the line of the stretched rope. On the fixed balusters, handrails are installed and fastened, which can be made of different materials. The assembled mansard stairs are sanded again. Sanded stairs are opened with water-repellent impregnations and wood insect protection. Mounting the flight staircase https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cs53sgwpvEo

Screw structure, the order of its installation

The helical attic structure looks more attractive, but it is much more expensive to manufacture and install than straight marching ones. When installing a spiral staircase in the attic, a load-bearing pillar is most often used, where the trapezoidal steps are mounted on the axis one after the other. For stability and reliability, the post is placed exactly vertically and concreted at the base. Cylinders are cut from a pipe that is several millimeters in diameter more than a pillar. Steps are attached to the cylinders and mounted on a pillar. After the steps are put on the axle post, they are set at the desired angles and attached to the post. The tread should be 10 cm deep at the post and up to 40 cm at the outside. The riser should have an average height of 20 cm. The staircase to the attic is equipped with a handrail. Standard railings are 1 meter high, which can be increased if necessary. When installing screw structures for the attic, do not forget that all of them are limited in use due to design features. Installation of a spiral staircase https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIAhjFjVWf4

Of course, it is quite possible to buy a ready-made staircase in a private house. But the shape and size of the premises are noticeably different, and the factory design may not always fit in size.

You can, of course, make a staircase to an individual order, but this pleasure is not cheap. Therefore, many are interested in how difficult it is for them to go to the attic with their own hands.

The best option is to carry out all the necessary work directly on site. So you will be able to take into account the slightest nuances of the configuration of the room, remove minor inaccuracies and flaws in a timely manner.

Any master with the skills of a carpentry craft will be able to competently design a wooden staircase.

Marching staircase with winder steps.
Instead of the usual turntable, this type involves the placement of special trapezoidal steps facing the angle of rotation with the narrow side.
This design requires much less space than the platform version. Lift comfort and safety are not compromised at all.

Metal attic stairs can be very effective, highlighting the originality and individuality of the house. Such structures are very durable and reliable. The metal can be painted in any suitable color, or you can order a special chrome plating. The choice in this case depends on the preferences of the owners and the general style of the room. It is not so easy to build such a ladder on your own - you need a welding machine and certain work skills.

DIY spiral staircase

Every spiral staircase has its own characteristic features.

When calculating stairs, designing and installing it is extremely important to follow some rules.

What is important to consider?

There are no risers in such designs.
The main load during the operation of the stairs falls on the middle of the steps:
their width in this place should be from 20 cm, not less.
Its narrowest part cannot be less than 10 centimeters.
The most popular staircase diameter is 220 cm.
The turns of the steps must be separated by a distance of at least two meters.
The small overlap of the steps provides additional strength to the entire ladder structure.
The edges of adjacent steps are connected with the help of kronhains.

Work order

The spiral staircase to the country attic is assembled in the following sequence:

First, the support leg is mounted.
The beam is fixed with special fasteners to the wooden floor, concreted with guy wires to the cement base.
Special holes are made in the treads, with which they are put on the support post.
Separate steps are separated by bushings of the required height.
Safety washers must be fitted between the bushings and steps.
The steps are distributed as planned, securely fixed with brackets.
Handrails and railings are being installed.

It will seem surprising to you, but a spiral staircase can be made not only from traditional materials - wood and metal. Any ideas how to do

Attic stairs are now sold in almost any hardware store, they can be purchased and installed, saving yourself the hassle of building them. However, the staircase to the attic with your own hands is good, first of all, because it can fit into the dimensions of your room. After all, the internal dimensions of each room differ from each other and the factory version of the stairs to the attic will be more or less inconvenient.

Attic stairs: photo and classification

Do-it-yourself stairs to the attic must be built taking into account all safety rules, and it is also necessary take into account the square of the room... Asking the question of how to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands, you need to take into account all these things.

But remember that the safest staircase structure will be large enough, and in order for it to take up a minimum of space, it should be made too steep, while going up and down it will have to be very careful. If your house is small, then the best option for a ladder for the attic would be a folding one, made of wood and metal elements.

We present others compact mansard stairs, photos and descriptions of which are located below:

marching- kosour, bolts and bowstrings are taken as the basis of such a design as a supporting element. To save room space, it is performed with two marches, in the middle of which there are run-down steps or a platform. But a single-flight staircase will be more dimensional, but the space under it can be used for economic purposes;
helical- it is very compact and will perfectly fit into the design of any room. However, it will not be easy to make such a ladder with your own hands, it is better to purchase a ready-made version together with a stringer and assemble it with your own hands, especially since it will not be difficult;
"Duck step"- close in design to a marching one, but differs from it in a more comfortable ascent, larger dimensions and a canvas that is located at an angle of 45 degrees, like a duck step.

Mansard staircase design

Attic staircase design is determined by such parameters, how:

So, the calculations for the construction of the stairs to the attic with your own hands are complete and you can start working. In the process of work, it is often necessary to make edits and eliminate previously accepted inaccuracies in calculations and plans.

Several options for attic lettuce

How to choose material for a mansard staircase

The most common and optimal material for the construction of a mansard staircase on stringers is softwood, as well as Siberian cedar or larch. You can also use spruce, but it will not be very practical in work due to the large number of bitches. But with pine it will be easier to work. Other suitable breeds include:

ash;

And for lumber, choose dry wood, even, cleaned of knots, so that after the construction of the staircase it does not have weak points.

Kosour is a board on which fragments are cut under the teeth for steps, it is used as a load-bearing beam. The beam must be at least 50 mm thick and 250 mm wide, respectively. As a rule, two beams are enough for work, with the exception of cases when the staircase to the attic in width exceeds 1200 mm, then a third beam in the middle is required.

A tread is a surface that is stepped on when walking up stairs, in other words, it is the step itself. To do it yourself, you need boards with a thickness of 25 to 30 mm, while the farther from each other the stringers, the stronger the steps should be and not bend under the weight of a person. The step protrusion should be between 20 and 40 mm and overhang the step below. The top edge should be rounded off with a planer or sander to prevent the wood from chipping off while walking.

Distance between steps in an upright position are called risers. If the structure is located on kosoura, boards that do not bear the load are placed in this place, therefore they are made of plywood. Often they are not needed at all, so the staircase seems easier.

How to calculate the angles of inclination of a structure

Determining the angles of inclination of the structure is a very important element of work in the construction of stairs to the attic, which must be treated very carefully. If the angle is less than 20 degrees, then the ladder will more likely resemble a ramp, and if 50 - then a ladder for descending in reverse.

Optimal tilt angle for a staircase it is from 30 to 38 degrees and even up to 45. And the size of the tread and risers also depends directly on the angle of inclination. If it is more hollow, then the steps will be deeper and lower, and if it is steeper, then higher and less, respectively. But you need to observe parameters such as:

the maximum step height should be 20 cm, and the minimum - 12 cm;
the maximum step depth is 38 cm, the minimum is 30 cm.

So, in total, the dimensions of the tread and the riser are 50 cm, the number can be reduced somewhat.

There are a number of special formulas for accurately calculating the ratios of the sizes of the degrees in relation to the angle of inclination of the stairs, but they are most often used in complex design, but in a private house it is extremely difficult to comply with these parameters. However, some parameter calculation rules all the same it is necessary to observe:

if the angle of inclination ranges from 33 to 37 degrees, then the steps should have a height of 16 cm;
if the angle is 38-42 degrees, then 18 cm, respectively;
when the angle is 45 degrees, then the steps should have a height of 20 cm;
the width of the flight of stairs should be at least 80 cm, but the optimal size is about 100 cm.

And the vertical passage of the staircase in height from the upper edge of the step to the ceiling must be at least 200 cm. In total, there must be an odd number of steps on the staircase, at least 3 and maximum 15, taking into account the step to the upper floor. This calculation will make the climb as comfortable as possible.

How to cut stringers

To cut the stringers, pull the string along the wall from the top of the subfloor in the attic and up to where the stairs begin at the bottom. Calculate the number of steps by slightly changing their slope. Then transfer the corners between the twine, the floor and the ceiling beam to the stringer and cut it off. At the top of the board, leave a maximum length of 100 mm, depending on what section the floor beam has. Use a chisel to make a groove for the tenon.

Grab the board against the wall, draw on the stringer the required number of steps with a special level, also use it to draw lines for treads and steps. If a few centimeters remain, they need to be scattered between the steps. Mark the first step at the bottom in height, taking into account the thickness of the tread board.

Now remove the board and saw out the teeth. At the bottom of the stringer, in the direction from the acute outer corner, you need to saw off a piece measuring 50 by 50 mm. At this point, the board will abut against a block, previously attached to the floor perpendicular to the structure. Now mark along the stringer and cut the next board.

How to install an attic staircase

To start install the ladder base on the bar below. Next, screw the stringers to it with self-tapping screws, and at the top insert the spikes into the grooves, previously greased with wood glue. Fasten the resulting structure with metal corners. If desired, the staircase can be reinforced with threaded studs, which additionally connect stringers in several sections.

Then screw the first beam to the wall, and install the steps starting from the bottom tread. They should also be fastened with self-tapping screws, and the last of them must be drowned and closed with wooden plugs. Do not forget to process all joints with wood glue.

Installation of a riser is a screwing of the tread from the back of the stairs. Now we sew the stringers up to the top. Finally, the side line of the steps can be supplemented with plywood or a board.

The staircase to the attic is ready. If you wish, you can put a railing if its width is more than 120 centimeters. Now it will not be difficult for you to climb to the top of the two-story house.

It is good if you think over the layout of the house in advance, which will include the presence of an attic floor - a rather profitable and practical element that helps to effectively manage the internal space. However, the owner of the house does not always have such an opportunity, most often an already rebuilt building with an attic, which has to be redone into an attic, is at the disposal.

And the first thing you should take care of is the staircase to the attic, the dimensions of which can be calculated according to these instructions.

Note! If you undertake the manufacture of your own ladder, its design must meet the basic requirements.

These requirements include:

high level of strength;
ease of use;
ease of manufacture;
safety when climbing to the attic floor;
comfort of use.

Planning and performing calculations

The planning stage for the future design consists of several points, each of which should be carefully calculated.

The planning phase includes:

choice of installation type;
selection of materials;
selection of the type of staircase.

Note! All calculations should be entrusted to an experienced designer.

But if you still take all the work on yourself, the answer to the question of how to calculate the size of the stairs to the attic will consist of answers to a number of questions related to its design and installation in your existing conditions.

First, determine for yourself how the stairs to the attic floor will be located. The easiest way to solve this problem is to install a staircase from the street side.

The simplicity of this method lies in the fact that you will not at all care about the size of the opening under the stairs to the attic, since there is no need for it completely. In addition, you do not have to adjust the presence of the hatch to the interior of the room.

Although this approach has its drawbacks:

internal placement of the ladder is more practical;
the structure is exposed to the negative effects of weather conditions;
restrictions are imposed on the use of some materials that are not suitable for outdoor use;
when operating a wet or icy staircase, not only the level of comfort decreases, but also the safety of climbing to the attic;
you have to go outside in order to go up to the attic floor;
outdoor staircase implies the presence of an additional entrance door, which must be reliable in order to ensure the safety of your home from intruders.

Selection of material and type of construction

After you decide on the place of installation of the structure, you need to start selecting suitable materials. If the stairs to the attic, the size, diagram and photos of which are given in the figures, correspond to the parameters of your room, then you can safely take up wood. It is most preferable if you choose exactly hard types of wood.

Wood, as a material for the manufacture of stairs, is quite easy to handle and malleable, it lends itself perfectly to processing using ordinary tools that can be found in almost every home. The result is an attractive design that fits perfectly into the interior of the room.

Note! Before use, all lumber must go through a curing procedure: for at least three days, the wood must lie in the room in which you will install the ladder itself, so that the material can adapt to the conditions of the room. It is best to apply wood after kiln drying.

Saving space plays an important role in choosing the right design. In addition to complying with all basic safety standards, as a result of the appearance of stairs in your house, the area of the room should not be much hidden or shaded. The safest design option for lifting takes up the most space, these designs have a gentle angle of inclination.

You can make a staircase, as shown in the photo below, which shows a pivot structure with an angle placement. As you can see, it takes up minimal space in the room and does not shade it from light at all.

Spiral staircases also help to save space in the room. They look quite impressive, but at the same time they have a structure that is too intricate to manufacture, and the descent along such steps is not as comfortable as in the case of ordinary marching stairs.

The parameters defining the staircase:

Lift height level - the distance between the floor and the ceiling together with the thickness of the sill of the upper slab.

Area - the angle of inclination of the stairs, as well as the width of its structure and the parameters of the dimensions of the hatch, which will go to the attic floor, will depend on this indicator.

The tread width indicator is calculated so that the leg, when a person climbs the stairs, can fully lean on the step, and at the same time there are no extra unused centimeters left. The optimal tread width indicator is three tens of centimeters, the march width indicator is from 80 to 100 cm, and the riser height indicator should not go beyond the 15-19 cm range.

It is these parameters that are used when calculating the ladder and its further manufacture. The assembly is quite simple, the main thing is to complete all the parts and connect them reliably in the required sequence.