What is the name of the woodworker's hammer. Types of hammers by shape and purpose. Yuri M. reviews

Rare construction and repair work is done without the use of a simple percussion tool - a hammer. But in order to do the work efficiently and quickly, you need to choose the right tool - it is about the choice of hammers, their existing types, characteristics and applicability that will be the story in this article.

Hammer classification

The hammer is a hand-held percussion instrument of a wide range of applications, made in the form of a massive head of one form or another, rigidly mounted on the handle.

Hammers existing today can be divided into several groups according to their areas of application:

Locksmiths;
Construction;
Straightening;
Mallets;
Reverse (inertial) hammers;
Blacksmith sledgehammers;
Specialized hammers.

Hammers of different groups have their own characteristics and characteristics, which should be discussed in more detail.

General hammer design

Most hammers (with the exception of the reverse ones) have fundamentally the same device. The tool is assembled from two parts - a massive head and a handle. The head is the working body of the hammer, it, depending on the purpose of the tool, can be made of steel, wood, rubber, impact-resistant plastics and other materials. The head can be mounted on the handle, or performed in one piece with it. A hole for the handle is made in the head - the so-called suction, which can have an oval, round or other profile. For secure fixation, the handle is wedged in the head bore using conventional (flat, grooved) or ring steel wedges.

Several zones can be distinguished in the hammer head:

The striker is the main working area with the help of which strikes are delivered;
Headband - transitional part between the center of the head and the striker;
Back side - can be performed in the form of a sock, a nail puller or another striker;
The cheeks are the lateral parts of the head, can be flat or carry various accessories.

Hammer handles can be made of wood, steel and fiberglass (fiberglass); non-slip rubber or plastic pads can be placed in the grip areas. In the simplest case, the handle acts as a lever and does not have additional elements; in some modern hammers, holes for carabiners and hinges are made in the handles, as well as devices for performing various auxiliary works.

Locksmith hammers

Locksmith hammers are the most versatile tool with which a wide range of work is performed. Hammers of this type are equipped with heads weighing from 50 to 1000 grams of various configurations:

With a round striker;
With a square striker;
With round striker and spherical back.

Hammers are equipped with handles with a length of 200 mm (with a round striker - from 250 mm) to 400 mm, the length of the handle directly depends on the mass of the head (the heavier the head, the larger the handle).

Locksmith hammers are used to perform various fitting and assembly work - driving nails and other fasteners, bending and straightening metal, installing machine parts and mechanisms, crushing, etc.

In Russia, the characteristics and dimensions of bench hammers are regulated by the GOST 2310-77 standard.

Construction hammers

This group includes hammers designed for various construction work and operations. There are ten main types of construction hammers:

Joiner (MST) - for carpentry work, hammering nails;
Carpenter (MPL) - for carpentry, hammering and pulling nails;
Hammer-pick (MKI, mason's hammer) - for performing stone and other work related to piece products, for splitting and cutting bricks, tiles, wall stones;
Plastering (MShT) - for performing auxiliary operations in plastering works;
Parquet (MPA) - for parquet and other work with piece products, for joining boards;
Roofing (MKR) - for roofing works with metal sheet materials, for bending, leveling and sealing folds;
Slate (MSHI) - for roofing works using slate (asbestos-cement slabs), for punching holes in slabs and driving special nails;
Tiled (MPLI) - for working with ceramic tiles, edging and trimming the edges of ceramic tiles, in some cases for punching holes;
Shantsevyy (MSA) - for performing various shock operations in the production of reinforcement and installation work;
Hammer-cam (MKU) - for performing road, stone and other works, for loosening, shaping and settling stone (cobblestone, rubble) and paving stones.

Joiner's hammers are similar in shape to locksmiths with a square firing pin, but they are wider, and the firing pin is brought out into a large radius.

Carpentry hammers are equipped with round hammer heads and nail pullers, and are available in four versions with different head configurations and weights. One design assumes the presence on the front and rear parts of the striker of the head recesses in the form of nails with magnets - such a constructive solution facilitates work in hard-to-reach places.

Hammers-picks have a head with a round or square striker, on the back of which a pick with a width of 36-50 mm is formed.

Plastering hammers are similar to carpentry hammers, they have a head with a round or square striker and a nail puller, one of the versions of this hammer provides for the presence of magnetized grooves for nails.

The parquet hammer has a head with a square striker and the back of a complex prismatic shape with a diagonal arrangement of a blunt toe. The mass of such hammers is not more than 700 g.

Roofing hammers have a square-section head, the back side of which is made in the form of a toe deflected backward or to the left (MKR-3 version). Unlike other hammers, the head has not only a drive, but also a bushing with two holes for screws or nails for a more secure fixation on the handle.

Slate hammers generally repeat the configuration of carpentry hammers, however, their left nail of the nail puller is made elongated and pointed - with the help of this tooth, holes are punched in the sheets.

Tile hammers are equipped with square heads, on the back of which pointed toes or lances are formed. The weight of this type of hammer does not exceed 90-100 g, depending on the version.

Trench hammers are equipped with heavy heads with two strikers, brought out to a large radius. The mass of the heads reaches 2.2-2.5 kg, but, unlike sledge hammers, such hammers have a short handle.

Hammers-cams in terms of weight and dimensions are similar to trench hammers, but their strikers are brought out into a smaller square.

The characteristics and dimensions of construction hammers in Russia are regulated by the GOST 11042-90 standard.

- this is a large number of tools designed for straightening sheet steel elements of car bodies and various devices, as well as performing artwork with sheet metals of various profiles (flat, curved).

Hammers of this type are lightweight and have an extended handle. Hammers are single-sided and double-sided, strikers and backs can have the following shapes:

Flat - narrow and wide, square and round;
Radial (spherical) large and small;
Pointed - barbed, peaks (sharp and dull);
With grooved surface.

Also straightening hammers include mallets with rubber, plastic and combined (two-component) strikers of a small area. Trowels stand out in a separate category - flat tools with a smooth working part or with a notch, used in conjunction with ordinary locksmith's hammers.

Mallets

Mallets - special hammers with heads made of soft materials, designed for molding work, woodworking operations, straightening and other work.

Mallets can have heads made of various materials:

Wood (birch 1 grade);
Rubber;
Impact resistant plastics;
Soft metals - lead, copper.

Typically, mallet heads have two identical strikers of round, rectangular or square cross-section. The tool can weigh up to 1.6 kg.

The design and characteristics of mallets in our country are regulated by the standards GOST 11775-74, GOST 19645-74 and some others.

Blacksmith sledgehammers

Sledgehammers are heavy-weight hammers designed for blacksmithing, stone crushing and other operations where high impact loads are required. Sledge hammers are equipped with blunt-nosed (two spherical strikers) and sharp-nosed (one spherical striker and a toe) heads, and the sharp-nosed heads are of two types - with a transverse and longitudinal position of the toe.

The weight of sledgehammers lies in the range of 2-16 kg (sharp-nosed ones - no more than 8 kg), they are equipped with handles up to a meter long and more.

The characteristics and dimensions of sledgehammers in our country are regulated by the standards GOST 11401-75, GOST 11402-75.

Specialized hammers

Specialized hammers are used in narrow areas, most often they are designed to perform a limited range of operations, or to work with specific materials and mechanisms. These hammers include:

Welding hammer - for removing solidified metal spatter and slag from the weld. Has pointed strikers and a thin damped (spring-loaded) handle;
Engineering hammer - has strikers of a special shape for working with rivets and other connections;
Drywall hammer - for working with gypsum boards, has a flat or corrugated firing pin and a small hatchet for cutting sheets;
Toolmaker's hammer - a lightweight hammer with flat and spherical strikers, can be completed with a magnifying glass;
Crutch hammer - a heavy hammer with narrow strikers for driving railway crutches into sleepers;
Bouchard is a hammer for working with stone, including for creating a textured surface of stone products. Sharpened thorns are applied on the striker or toe of the bush-hammer, with the help of which you can cut off the stone and give it a characteristic texture;
The hunter's hammer is a special hammer with a hollow head that allows you to disassemble cartridges, extracting bullets from them due to inertial forces.

In a special category, spinning hammers are allocated, which, when striking, do not create recoil (do not bounce off the surface). These hammers use hollow heads partially filled with heavy metal balls. When the hammer strikes, the entire mass of the balls, due to inertial forces, dampens the back impulse of the head (which occurs due to the elasticity of the materials interacting at the moment of impact), preventing the hammer from rebounding. Such a tool increases work efficiency and reduces the likelihood of injury.

Reverse (inertial) hammers

Reverse hammers (inertial hammers, strippers) are devices for straightening metal products in situations where access to their back side is difficult or completely impossible. In the simplest case, such a hammer consists of a rod with an upper fixed handle (stop), on which a heavy movable handle (sliding weight) is located. At the bottom of the rod, a clamp or chuck is mounted for a working tool - a straightening hook, a puller, etc.

This hammer works simply: the working part of the tool is attached to the sheet or part that needs to be straightened, and the movable handle rhythmically strikes the fixed stop - the upward impulses arising from this force the metal to deform.

Today there is a wide variety of impact hammers that are used for straightening car bodies and in auto repair shops.

Selection and use of hammers

Such a variety of hammers is no coincidence - not all work can be performed using standard locksmith or carpentry hammers. Yes, you can hammer in a nail with almost any hammer, and if there is no tool, then with a stone. But you can take out old nails only with a nail puller, quickly and efficiently punch a hole in an asbestos-cement sheet with a slate hammer, cut off a tile or beat off ¾ of a brick - only with picks from a bricklayer's and tiler's hammers, and straighten a body part or make an artistic composition from sheet material - only with a set of straightening hammers ... For each operation, you need to select your hammers with certain shapes of strikers, as well as a certain range of weights and lengths of the handles - only in this case the work will be done quickly, with the best quality and with minimal fatigue.

Some people think they are well versed in carpentry and joinery. Especially when it comes to tools. One has only to look at the photo of the hammer and everything is immediately clear. In fact, more often than not, the picture looks completely different. Many outwardly similar tools suggest different purposes. Even a tool that is simple in its name, such as a hammer, is divided into several varieties, and each has its own specific function.

Hammers are used in different areas. Such a concept is familiar, for example, for medicine, for shoemaking. In a specific case, those varieties that are used in construction are interesting.

Locksmith hammer

The instrument got its name from a specific profession. Its practicality gives it the right to be considered the most common species. The shape of the hammer head is the presence of a flat striker on one side and sharp points on the other. The wedge-shaped side is called the spout. The weight of the tool, taking into account a wooden or plastic handle, can range from 200 grams to 1 kilogram.

To choose the right tool, you can look through the catalog of locksmith hammers. It is easier to hammer in small nails with small, light tools. To do this, use the narrow part of the striker. When installing glazing beads or securing the lining, this side of the hammer works best for the job.

A different range of construction processes is provided for heavy types of locksmith hammers. They are used when hammering large-sized nails, when bending metal sheets and other more time-consuming work. Over time, the metal head can fly off the butt (handle).

In such cases, it is a good idea to know how to make the hammer work again. Craftsmen do not always throw out rejected tools. Whenever possible, they try to get him back into work.

Roof hammers

Roof work involves the use of several types of hammers, united by a single name for roofing. But this does not mean at all that they are all intended solely for securing the upper roofing elements (metal sheets). They have a wider range of uses. Roofers generally use hammer sets.

Working with a nailer

This variety is considered universal. On average, nail hammers weigh up to six hundred grams. This hammer can be used by carpenters and roofers. The uniqueness of the variety is given by a nailer located on one edge of the hammer. On the other side there is a round convex striker.

The hammer copes with its main purpose perfectly. It is most convenient for them to pull out previously hammered nails. His help is invaluable when dismantling wooden plinths, bars, boards, logs, and other wood products connected with nails. Convenience and practicality when using a nailer are manifested in the construction of lathing and installation of bituminous tiles.

The nailer can be a solid metal hammer with a rubber grip or a plastic surface at the grip. There are also wooden or plastic handles, but they wear out faster. Integrity allows the tool to work for a long time.

Where are mallets used

Mallets are lightweight hammers. They are made of wood or rubber and are used in cases where you need to check the quality of the work performed in order to eliminate defects in time. For example, determine the adhesion strength of the tile layer to the base with a rubber hammer, identify and eliminate voids, trim the row. He gained great popularity when working with paving slabs.

Understandably, rubber hammers are used when brittle materials are involved. Mainly to prevent the formation of defects on the surface of the base material, the product.

The wooden variety is used for molding work, leveling the formed dents and bumps on the surface of metal sheets. Interest in this type of tool increases when it becomes obvious that making a hammer with your own hands is not particularly difficult.

There are some simple tips for those wishing to work with different hammers. You should always choose the tool that is best suited for the job. A good choice will contribute to good speed in carrying out the work and, of course, guarantees a high-quality performance.

The hammer is not a toy. It can become dangerous in the hands of an amateur. When working with it, you need to take into account and follow the safety rules:

do not play with a hammer;
do not use a broken tool;
do not work with views containing chips and cracks.

Photo of hammers

The hammer is an indispensable tool in the household. The ideal option would be if the set contains a set of several of its varieties at once, which will greatly facilitate the implementation of many highly specialized works. But for solving many everyday tasks, the most ordinary tool is quite enough - it is called a locksmith.

Peculiarities

A locksmith's hammer is a reliable and functional percussion tool used to hammer or break a variety of objects, in the first case it is most often a nail, and in the second it is difficult to separate fasteners. In addition, hammers have found application for impact work, for example, when manipulating a screwdriver equipped with a thrust bearing or with a chisel. The weight and dimensions of the hammer are determined by the current standard - GOST 23-10-77. Here, the definition of the term "locksmith" is given - that is, intended for the needs of the national economy. The weight of locksmith tools varies from 50 to 1000 g.

The hammer consists of the following parts:

head - for impact on the treated base;
wedge - holds the head and protects it from flying off when swinging;
handle - needed to facilitate work, as well as increase order parameters.

The hammer head has its own structural characteristics. She has a pair of endings - a striker and a sock, which are responsible for various manipulations. The striker can be square or round, a thin toe in most cases has a triangular or cylindrical section, at the very end it is slightly rounded. The head is made of steel grades U7 or 50, it is possible to use other alloys if they are in no way inferior to the above in terms of their physical and technical characteristics. An indispensable condition - the head must have a special protective coating, most often it is galvanized, in addition, the metal can be covered with phosphate or oxide compounds, after which the head is dried and painted with special enamels. The wedge is also made of steel.

For better grip with the handle, it contains grooves, also called ruffs.

The handles can be of three types: oval, oval with a narrowing, or having a rectangular cross-section. Depending on the dimensions of the heads, the width of the handle varies from 20 to 40 cm. Household models are usually made with sizes of 25–35 cm, in which case the head usually weighs 10–40 g. Handles of a metal hammer are certainly smooth, without surface defects and burrs.

They should be massive, but elastic, in order to reduce the load on a person during manipulations. Maple, mountain ash, as well as dogwood, ash or oak wood are distinguished by similar properties. No cracks are allowed on the handle of such a tool, as well as in the places of its connection with the head.

Types and purpose

Locksmith hammers come in different weights. For a locksmith's home workshop, tools weighing 300-500 g are suitable, because their capabilities are quite enough for most household work. However, experts recommend not to be limited to one hammer, but to have several models with different weights, since the purpose of the device depends on this.

For example, hammers weighing 50-300 g are optimal for tool work, and products weighing 400-600 g are indispensable for carpentry.

Depending on the shape, hammers of several varieties are also distinguished. So, one of the popular options has a rectangular shape and a square striker, the second is slightly convex, the striker is rounded. The first ones have a rather low cost, they are much easier to use, therefore they are widely used both among amateurs and among experienced craftsmen. However, for hammers with a rounded striker, the striking side has a slight advantage, which increases the accuracy and power of the blow. According to the current GOSTs, tools with a round striker and versions with a spherical toe are also produced, but these models are quite rare on sale.

What is the difference from carpentry?

The closest thing to a bench hammer is a joiner's hammer. A locksmith hammer with a square hammer is indispensable for manipulating wood, and with a round hammer it is designed for sheet metal. The carpentry hammer has a difference in the shape of the sock - it is bifurcated, therefore it is often used as a nailer.

Its weight is 650-700 g, while a locksmith's tool can weigh from 250 to 800 g.

In addition to locksmith and carpentry, there are also such hammer options:

a sledgehammer is the largest percussion tool used for knocking out partitions, all kinds of grooves, removing obsolete tiles and other similar work; its weight varies from 1 to 1.5 kg;
a jackhammer - the smallest, its weight does not exceed 200 g; it is used exclusively for working with small nails.

How to choose?

A locksmith's hammer is a rather dangerous tool, so you should be very careful when choosing it.

The first thing you need to find out when buying is the mass and dimensions of the working part, necessary for the implementation of specific work. If you buy a hammer with a light strike, then the strike will have insufficient force, if the striker is too heavy, then, on the contrary, working with it will tire you too quickly. In addition, heavy hammers often spoil the foundations.
When buying a locksmith's hammer, the material from which its working part is made is of no small importance. In accordance with GOST, butts cannot be produced by casting. A locksmith's hammer, according to the standards, must be strictly solid-forged, and the steel alloy must be hardened and then tempered. Hardening is carried out by cooling at a high speed - as a result of these manipulations, the material will acquire internal stress, therefore it is additionally warmed up to +200 degrees and allowed to cool completely - this process is called letting go. Tempering slightly reduces the density, but such a hammer is more practical and durable than made from conventional alloys.

Pay attention to the handle. Most modern models provide plastic, but often on sale you can find a tool with polyurethane paint or fiberglass. Nevertheless, according to experts, the classic wooden handle is the best, since you can always drive various pegs into the wood to make the grip more reliable with the striker. A good option is products with a fiberglass handle - this material is considered a separate type of fiberglass with polyester resins in the composition. It is a durable and fairly durable material with a long service life. Its strength is 9-10 times higher than plastic and 4 times higher than that of aluminum. Handles made of this material will not deform.

Nowadays, on the shelves of any hardware store, you can find the widest selection of locksmith hammers from a variety of manufacturers.

The most popular model is considered Brigadier 41-314... This tool is designed for a wide range of carpentry work. It has a square firing pin, is forged, phosphate coated, and weighs about 500 g. This is a classic tool because there are no innovations in it, but it is very reliable, practical and durable. Products of this brand are widely in demand for all types of household and some professional work.

Important! In addition to this model, the manufacturer offers a large selection of hammers of different weights with wooden and plastic handles.

In the rating of the most popular modifications, one of the leading positions is taken by the hammer Habero 600 IH-500 used to perform a fairly wide range of work. The head of such a tool is made of a chrome vanadium alloy, is extremely hard, usually coated with a dark varnish. The striker has a square shape. The popularity of the tool is explained not only by its functionality, but also by the price - the average cost of a hammer on the market is 200–250 rubles.

In general, marketplaces offer a large number of instruments from a wide variety of manufacturers.

All of them differ in weight, dimensions and purpose, you can make any choice. The main thing is that the hammer is made of quality materials, has an ergonomic structure and is durable.

Subtleties of use

Unfortunately, the "Soviet" labor lessons are deeply past and in a rare school boys are taught to handle construction tools. It is not surprising that many people start work incorrectly, which often leads to injuries. First, remember the following rules:

when carrying out any work, use only a specialized hammer, for example, it is not worth buying a tool weighing 900 g for upholstering furniture, models weighing 200 g are unsuitable for making tables and chairs;
it is strictly forbidden to use the tool if the striker is wobbling - when swinging, it can fly off and greatly harm others;
do not use a hammer if it is cracked, deformed or chipped.

Now let's take a look at the basic rules of work.

the striker (.. controversial ..), actually the striker (there are usually 2 of them) is called the part that is directly hit, the iron part of the hammer is much larger than the striker.

Hammer - A small hammer, an impact tool used to hammer nails, smash objects, and other work. The hammer is one of the oldest tools used by man.
The main part of the hammer is a compact mass of solid material, usually metal, that can be used to hit something without deforming. For the convenience of executing blows and for greater swing, the striking part of the hammer is mounted on the handle, which can also be made of metal, or of wood or plastic.
The fitter's hammer has two different strikers - one flat, the other tapering. The carpenter's hammer has a bifurcated back, which is convenient for pulling out nails. In masonry work, when lining corners and edges with a chisel, it is beaten with a tool similar to a hammer - a mallet made of wood and having strikers on both sides. Sometimes, in order not to damage the part, hammers are used, in which the impact part is made of a soft material (rubber, copper, lead).
For work in zero gravity, a hammer is used that does not rebound upon impact. Its hollow firing pin is filled with heavy metal shot.
For different types of work, hammers of various shapes and sizes are used. The types of hammers, their sizes and weights are determined by GOST 11042-90.

Amazing business! It may seem that everyone knows about such a tool as a hammer and that's it! But what is there to know that ... Everyone tried at least once to hammer in a nail with a hammer, or just hit something with it for fun. But not everyone knows what the hammer tool consists of, how many different types there are and where it is used.

History and components of the hammer

The very name "hammer" comes from the old name of the thresher, with the help of which the grain was ground (knocked out). Subsequently, the hammer began to be called the objects striking. At first they were huge sledgehammers, but over time they have shrunk and now they are as you see them now.

First, let's look at what a hammer tool is.

The main component of any hammer is, of course, its striking part. It consists of a main base, which is made from various materials such as iron, wood, rubber. In front of the base is the striker, which deals the main blow. There is a sock at the back of the main part, it is made in different shapes depending on the application. The side parts are called cheeks. Between them from top to bottom, a hole is drilled for the attachment to the handle.

The handle is made of hardwood and is free from knots. But nowadays, handles are also made of iron and various rubber alloys. It is fixed with a wedge. The wedge ensures the reliability of the hammer attachment, or in other words, it simply prevents it from loosening and flying off. The handle itself comes in various lengths and thicknesses depending on the size, weight and use of the hammer.

Let's take a look at some of the different types of this great tool.

Joiner's hammer.

It is lightweight, made of various shapes (round or square), but has one thing in common - its toe is in the shape of a nail puller. You use such a hammer most often in everyday life for repairs. It is also convenient to disassemble or break something with this hammer! Take a wooden box and break it. At the same time, immediately pulling out the nails.

Bench hammer.

This is the most familiar type of hammer for us. It is made with different weights, the toe of the hammer is sharpened, which is very convenient for straightening narrow parts. It is used both in everyday life and in the production of locksmith products. We hammer a nail with them, beat off dried cement, hammer in screws (some individuals), but you never know what else we do for them! It can also be called a "puzzle", because it is the most common item after the ax (according to the statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs).

Wooden hammer.

It is also called "mallet". The mallet has a wooden base and is mainly used for woodworking and tin straightening. The softness of the material from which this hammer is made allows you to protect the part from damage, even with a strong impact. In general, it is used where you need to attach well, but at the same time not break anything.

Mallets are also made of rubber. Such mallets are produced for car drivers, often, they can be seen in the hands of city guests laying paving slabs.

Bushhammer.

This hammer can often be found at a construction site or in a bricklayer's garage. The toe of this hammer is flat and sharpened. This allows you to quite accurately break the brick, for example by 1/3, as evenly as possible. They can also clean the used brick from the remnants of the mortar, upholster the plaster and generally chip off something solid.

Sledgehammer.

The most interesting of all hammers. This tool is very heavy and is often used in the forge to deliver strong and powerful blows. Often appears in cinematography, mainly in detective stories and thrillers.

This was an overview of the most common hammers in the farm.

Now you can see for yourself that the hammer tool can be used in many operations and has many different types.

No wonder this well-known invention is more than 70 thousand years old.

Hammer tool video

A hammer is an impact tool used for a wide variety of tasks. It consists of a handle and a head, which is its working part. The tool can be used for forging, deforming or breaking various elements, as well as hammering nails, chisels and chisels.

Design and features

Hammers differ among themselves primarily in weight and handle length. There are also differences in form and purpose. The classic design is a wood or modern polymer grip with a headband. The handle can also be metal if the tool is made by casting. If the handle is wooden, then most often it is shaved from hard rocks: ash, oak, hazel, hornbeam, birch, maple.

The working part of the headband, which is in direct contact during operation, is called the firing pin. The back of the head can also repeat the shape of the striker or be sharpened for a chisel, stake or nail puller. The purpose of the instrument depends on the shape of the striking part, the angle of inclination of various elements, as well as the back side.

The headband can be made from carbon steel, soft metals such as copper and brass, and wood or rubber. Steel hammers can be monolithic or hollow ball-filled hammers when the headband is three-quarters filled with small pellets to make the tool more accurate. This modification is called non-bouncing. Internal rolling of the filling ensures inertia damping. The non-bounce design allows for improved sheet metal handling where a bouncing tool after impact can cause an unwanted indentation towards the desired impact point.

Types and types

The hammer is a versatile tool that has a huge range of applications. In this regard, to perform individual tasks, various variations of this tool were created, differing among themselves in weight, material of manufacture, geometry and other parameters. There is a special form for almost every area of work.

There are the following types:

Carpentry.
Joiners.
Locksmiths.
For a stone.
Tiled.
Roofing.
Straightening.
For driving in posts, forging and dismantling.

Plotnitsky

It is easily recognizable due to the special design of the back. It is made in the form of a nail puller. The tool can be used to drive in nails as well as pull them out. Its firing pin is perfectly flat, so it is convenient to work with it when hammering in fasteners, preventing them from entering at a non-right angle. Often, the end face of the working part of carpenter hammers has a rounded shape. The tool weighs between 300 and 800 g.

Also, the carpentry structure has an additional improved modification, which is equipped with a special step between the striker and the nailer. It is equipped with a built-in magnet, which allows you to fix the nail without hands for quick knocking down with one blow, after which further hammering can be carried out directly with the main working part. The magnetized tool is made in one piece, since the design features do not allow the formation of a step if it is necessary to prepare a hole for a wooden handle.

Joiner

It is produced in a weight range from 100 to 800 g. Its impact surface is absolutely flat, and the reverse side is a wedge. Such a tool is ideally balanced because it is designed to deliver precise strikes. The hammer is suitable for driving small carpentry nails. This design has a rounded striker with a turned chamfer, which is necessary to prevent dents in the wood.

Mallets can also be attributed to the carpentry category. These bulky tools are made entirely of wood. They are used for driving wooden wedges or working with chisels. When the mallet hits the wooden end of the chisel, it does not crack, as in the case of contact with a hard steel surface.

Locksmiths

The locksmith's hammer is the most common. It can be found in almost every trunk of a car. It has a universal purpose and is used for a wide range of tasks. Its front part has a square or circular cross-section, often convex in shape. The back is a blunt wedge. This tool is resiliently hardened to prevent it from shattering when hitting hard surfaces such as a core. As a result, deformation may occur during operation. For this reason, the tool must be monitored, since when the headband edge splashes, a piece of metal may break off, which is traumatic.

Stone hammer

This category includes several varieties of hammers that are used to split stone, concrete, brick and other building materials. The design feature is a flat striker with a sharpened wide rear part. This tool is induction-hardened, which makes it durable and tough to handle.

Also, the so-called "bushard" belongs to the category of hammers for working with stone. This is a specific tool that sculptors use to neatly chip off stone chips. There are thorns on the working part of such a hammer, which provide point destruction of granite, marble and other natural materials.

Tiled

The hammer is a lightweight tool weighing less than 75 g. It has a very hard front and a pointed back. Its shape allows precise chipping of ceramic tiles to give them the required shape. By striking with the back side, you can split the tiles in half, and using the front firing pin, you can destroy individual areas, which is sometimes required to obtain rounded edges when laying around pipes and other obstacles.

Although this tool is professional, the vast majority of tilers do not use it. The fact is that with the help of such a hammer it is impossible to break off a part of the tile exactly. The edge turns out to be wavy and unattractive, which spoils the overall picture from laying, therefore the tile cutter or Bulgarian with a diamond wheel copes with the task much better.

Roofing

Used to work with sheet metal for roof construction. The striker of the tool is made of steel or has a polymer lining. The back part is a pointed wedge with which you can create holes in the roof or unbend bent metal. The wedge is on the side of the back, so it looks like the hammer is broken. There is a nailer in the center.

Straightening

They are used for leveling or deformation of tin products. With their help, sheet metal is bent, for example, when leveling dents on the car body. The striker of the tool can be made in a rounded shape or have rubber, leather and polyurethane pads. The straightening hammer with a ball-shaped back side allows you to make a convex surface from flat metal. With gentle blows from the center with a circular motion, the surface is stretched to the required parameters. Such a hammer is indispensable for straightening convex body parts of a car or boat.

A conventional flattening hammer with soft tips allows you to deform metal sheets with minimal noise, without creating unnecessary dents on their surface from impacts. The tool allows you to bend sheet metal without leaving embossed marks on it.

For driving in posts, forging and dismantling

For heavy tasks, sledgehammers and hammers are used. They belong to the most massive instrument. Their design is characterized by a long handle and a heavy head, weighing up to 16 kg. The sledge hammer is a two-handed hammer, with a long handle and a heavy headband, while the hammer itself is more close to the classic locksmith's hammer, but with two strikers on the front and back side.

Such a tool is used for crushing stones, concrete and other materials. Also, with the help of a sledgehammer or hammer, pillars, wedges and racks are hammered. Their headband shape can be rounded or square. To ensure a strong blow, the length of the sledgehammer handle is usually 80-120 cm, and the length of the hammer is 30-40 cm.

The hammer is a hand percussion instrument, without which it is difficult to imagine a collection of instruments of any man. In the minds of most people, a hammer is a primitive tool of labor, the choice of which has no particularities. However, the types of hammers are represented by a wide assortment, differ in the material of manufacture and purpose. To choose the right quality hammer, you need to take into account the specifics of the tool.

How the hammer works

The hammer is a unique tool, the efficiency of which reaches 90-97% (the ratio of the applied efforts and the final productivity). No other hand or power tool achieves these numbers. At the same time, the hammer is simple in design and principle of operation. The hammer consists of two parts: the head and the handle. The principle of the hammer is to strike an object through the transfer of energy given to the tool by a person. In this case, the kinetic force that the hammer head acquires is several times greater than the energy spent by a person. As a result, the use of a hammer with a weak fastening of the head is prohibited due to the increased risk of injury to a person and other people. The hammer head consists of a front part, a striker, which is used to strike, and a back, wedge-shaped part. The striker is most often flat, made of durable metal that can withstand an unlimited number of impacts on a solid object. On the back, depending on the purpose of the hammer, there is a nail puller, a lance or a second firing pin. The handle of the hammer is made of wood, metal or modern polymers, the rubberized handle prevents the hammer from slipping out of the hand.

Types of hammers

In order for the tool to serve for a long time without breakdowns and complaints, it is important to choose the right hammer for the intended purpose and the upcoming work. There are several types of hammers.

Locksmith's hammer. The most popular model due to its versatility. Cope with hammering nails and splitting concrete. The striker is even, the butt plate is wedge-shaped one-piece.
Joiner's hammer. It differs from the locksmith's view of the crevice in the butt plate of the hammer, with the help of which it is convenient to get nails from old boards.
Bushhammer. The striker of such a hammer is slightly elongated. Serves for shaping bricks and other strong joints.
Plasterer's hammer. There are flat butt pads on both sides of the plaster hammer head; this tool does not need a striker. It is used to remove a layer of plaster from a wall or create incisions.

Tiler's hammer. The heavy weight of a standard hammer is dangerous for fragile ceramic tiles. The special hammer weighs no more than 75 grams, its work is distinguished not by force, but by the accuracy of the blow.
Roofing hammer. Locksmith's hammer with a special butt pad. It is made in the form of a peak, resembles a pickaxe, and is used to punch holes in the roofing material.
Sledge hammer. The heaviest type of hammer, used in places where accuracy is not needed, but impact force is important. Breaking stones, concrete, bricks, driving stakes into the soil, nails and staples into wood.
Mallet hammer. The opposite of a sledgehammer. It features a wooden or rubber head, it is used for working with materials that require a delicate attitude.

Before buying a tool, study the intricacies of choosing a hammer, listen to the advice of construction professionals.

Do not pursue versatility, pick a hammer for a specific type of task. An incorrectly used hammer will damage the material and premature tool failure.
Determine the material of the hammer head. The light gray color and rough surface indicate that the head is made of cast steel. Go for a smooth, dark gray material, forged steel will last longer. A distinctive feature is the presence of a seam on the side surface.

The ease of use and durability of the tool depends on the material of the hammer handle. The wooden handle of the hammer is pleasant to the touch, successfully copes with impact from the blow, but is not durable. The metal handle of the hammer will not break under any circumstances, but the kickback of such a tool causes discomfort to the worker.
Pay attention to the fastening of the head, reliable without backlash will ensure safety.
Take the hammer in your hand, check the comfort of the grip.

A correctly selected and used hammer will last a year, you will forget about the need to change the tool for a long time.