Roof shapes. Varieties of roofs of private houses: choose the best option. Video: installation of the crate under the corrugated board

The variety of roofs misleads the layman inexperienced in construction.

Considering roof options, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for the future structure, which one is advisable to build in a particular case.

In addition, I want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all the requirements. A variety of designs allows architectural designers to translate all the most unpredictable projects into reality.

There are various types of roofs of private houses, we will talk about them now.

Shed roof is a rectangular plane, based on opposite load-bearing walls.

Single pitched roof is:

• ventilated;
• unventilated.

Design features

Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is affected not only by the finish coating, but by the peculiarity of climatic conditions, then all these values ​​should be correctly calculated.

An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.

Slope angle

It directly depends on the coating material: coatings are distinguished by their ability to retain snow precipitation.

It is recommended to choose materials for covering a shed roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.

In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the slope angle.

Shed roof truss system options

WITH truss roof structure with one slope can be:

• sliding;
• layered;
• hanging.

It is most often performed from wooden elements for various purposes.

Shed roof truss system

Mounting Features

Installation of a shed truss structure is carried out on a Mauerlat.

If a hanging-type frame is being installed, then a farm is first made on the ground. According to a given template, the entire structure is made.

The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, mount the elements necessary for a warm roof.

The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof

Despite the ease of installation, the simplicity of the design, the shed system has its own characteristics.

Advantages:

• Inexpensive construction;
• ease of installation;
• resistance to strong winds.

Repair work during operation on pitched roof not difficult to produce, not too expensive.

Flaws:

• Need for snow removal
• low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are in strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.

shed roof

gable roof

The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.

Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:

• symmetrical;
• asymmetric;
• broken lines;
• multi-level;
• double-sided with a skate on a slope.

In addition, other configurations of gable roofs can be designed: broken from one slope, double broken, with elongated peaks or extensions.

Design Options

Particular attention is paid to the load.

Moreover, the angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.

Quite simple, with the correct determination of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load), the roof will be reliable and durable.

Tilt angle

The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.

With a different slope for different materials, a certain one corresponds. For all materials, their indicators.

truss system

It can have a layered structure, hanging, combined.

The roof structure option is selected based on the span between the outer walls. In addition to truss beams, the structural elements of the truss system are: ridge, mauerlat, crossbar, puffs, and other elements.

Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.

Gable roof truss system

Installation

When installing a gable roof you need to follow the basic steps:

• Install beams;
• fix the crate;
• install roofing.

In the case of lengthening the rafter legs, additional rails are mounted under the overhang.

Advantages and disadvantages

A gable roof is the most common roofing model.

This is due to the advantage of this design:

• The possibility of arranging an attic;
• there is no need to independently clean the coating from snow;
• simple project;
• variety of coatings.

Flaws:

• The dependence of the roof height on the span;
• when arranging an attic space, additional reinforcement of the structure and arrangement of window systems and heating elements are required.

A gable roof is not the most complex structure, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.

Gable roof

hip roof

It is a quadruple structure. The slopes are made up of triangles and trapezoids.

A modified design of the hip system is called semi-hip. There are Dutch and Danish half hip designs.

Design features

The project has rather painstaking calculations, since the design itself is not simple.

Particular attention should be paid to the points:

• calculate each slope separately;
• correctly calculate the length of the rafters and the ridge;
• take into account the area of ​​​​windows and chimneys;
• correctly calculate the load.

ATTENTION!

The same material should be used for the frame and the ridge beam. This feature must be taken into account in the project.

The cost of the project should include additional elements and additional details for the arrangement of the roof.

Slope angle

The slope angle is affected by wind and snow. This type of structure can be arranged at an angle of 5° to 60°. The dependence on natural indicators is directly proportional.

It should be remembered about the features of laying roofing: the recommended indicators of each coating directly depend on the angle of the slope.

In addition to the main rafter legs, it consists of their elements: Mauerlat, ridge, slanted legs, and other important parts that provide strength, participate in the distribution of the load.

Hip roof truss system

Mounting Features

Includes elements fastening sequence:

• Mauerlat;
• beams;
• racks;
• sloping legs. Further, in order, other elements are installed, including the crate.

Pros and cons

Hip structures in addition to a presentable appearance and structural strength has a number of advantages:

• the slope of the ribs reduces the wind load;
• due to the design features, the area increases, which positively affects heat transfer.

The disadvantages of a hip roof are its complexity and cost..

hip roof

Mansard (broken) roof

This is a type of construction in which the slopes have a refraction with a change in the angle of the slope of the slope.

Broken mansard roof can have from two to four slopes.

It happens layered and hanging.

The schematic structure of the attic can be in the form:

• Square;
• rectangle;
• a combined figure combining a triangle and a square.

The most common type of broken structure is a gable roof.

Design Options

At should follow the requirements provided during installation:

• A roof height of at least 2.2 m should be designed;
• choose materials that are smaller in mass;
• take into account struts and puffs due to the length of the rafters.

A sloping roof provides for the arrangement of an attic, so it is advisable to use high-quality materials for insulation and providing the roof with air exchange.

Tilt angle

In calculating the slope angle, it is necessary to build on the height of the attic.

• Influence of atmospheric influences;
• type of roofing.

The best option for a broken roof with an attic is a project in which the upper slopes are located at an angle of 30 °, and the lower ones at an angle of 60 °.

truss system

In attic structures, the frame is equipped with elements:

• Mauerlat;
• beams;
• frame racks;
• runs. These and other elements create a solid foundation for arranging the attic.

Mansard roof truss system

Installation

When installing the rafter base, one part of the frame is made, starting with racks and layered rafters, and then, like it, all the rest.

After mounting all the elements, they are fastened with girders.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of a sloping roof is the arrangement of an additional room.

Among the disadvantages of a sloping roof is its cost., since this consumes a lot of materials for insulation, the arrangement of special windows is not a cheap pleasure.

But the costs of arranging an attic cannot exceed the construction of an additional extension or an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

mansard roof

Flat roof

A structure that is a plane lying on the load-bearing walls of a structure. Such a system does not have an attic space.

They can be operated and non-operated.

Moreover, Depending on the characteristics of the coating, flat systems can be divided into:

• inversion;
• green;
• breathable.

All of them have their own characteristics.

Design features

At the stage design it is necessary to correctly calculate the load of the snow cover, as well as all the materials used, and take into account the drainage system.

Slope angle

The roof must have the necessary. Its angle is up to 5°. This feature contributes to high-quality drainage.

Rafter Location Options

The flat roof frame provides for the following elements:

• Mauerlat;
• support bars;
• plywood or OSB flooring.

Flat roof truss system

Installation

It is important to organize the arrangement of drains. Attention should be paid to the operating system: it is important to choose the right type of floor and the right layers to ensure a favorable microclimate.

Advantages and disadvantages

A flat roof is positively characterized by price, low labor costs, and the possibility of arranging additional recreation areas is a productive distribution of space.

The disadvantages are: accumulation of snow, inability to determine the condition of the roofing pie, the need to equip an internal water drain system.

Flat roof

Hip roof

It is a system of triangular slopes connected at one vertex.

According to the features of the frame structure, hipped roofs can be layered and hanging. In addition, tent structures are still of other types.

Design Options

The main directions of designing a tent system are:

• Calculation of the slope angle;
• choice of roofing;
• calculation of the height of the ridge connection.

An important step is the calculation of the load on the truss structure. If insulation is assumed, the load of the layers of the cake is calculated.

Tilt angle

The slope of the slopes directly depends on the type of roofing and climatic conditions. Slope reduction should be done with the predominance of strong winds at the building site.

truss system

The elements of the hip roof truss system are:

• Mauerlat;
• floor beams;
• sloping boards;
  puffs;
• supports.

These and other elements together provide strength and stability of the frame.

Hip roof truss system

Mounting Features

The installation of the tent system involves the arrangement of the truss system and the laying of the insulation system for the roof.

The rafter system should be erected before mounting the ceiling of the building.

Installation of the truss system begins with the installation of a mauerlat or strapping. Next, the system is gradually erected, starting with rafter boards, mounting racks, other elements, ending with trusses and struts.

Advantages and disadvantages

The attractiveness of a hipped roof makes you forget about its shortcomings. The disadvantages are the small area for the attic and the complexity of installation.. Plus are the aerodynamic properties and strength of the system.

hipped roof

Multi-gable roof

The complex structure of a multi-gable roof consists of many parts, ledges, and elements. Perhaps one of the most complex designs.

They are determined by a combination of certain types of roofs, assembled together. Roof corners can be pointed or hip.

Design Options

A difficult task to develop a project, especially if the roof elements have a different configuration. In this case, each element should be calculated separately.

Particular attention should be paid to the truss system.

• Use lightweight materials;
• do not save on waterproofing;
• take care of high-quality bars for rafters.

The complexity of the project lies in planning the arrangement of window systems.

The design itself is the covering of the attic of the house, so it is strong enough practically unaffected by the weather.

Rafter Location

The stage of erection of a multi-gable system is the most difficult stage. Each part must be installed separately.. For rafters, you should choose only high-quality wood.

The basic part of the design is the Mauerlat. The rest of the structural elements are attached to it: rafter legs, reinforcing beams and supports.

Multi-gable roof truss system

Mounting Features

In addition to the complexity of mounting the roof frame, the multi-gable system has a weak point, which should be properly protected from moisture: this is the angle of connection of the slopes.

Pros and cons

The advantage of a multi-gable roof is originality, attractiveness. But such beauty should be paid in full: the equipment of such a system is an expensive pleasure.

Multi-gable roof

conical roof

The design of a conical roof has the shape of a cone. A rather rare type of roofing, since the arrangement of such systems is carried out on round-shaped houses.

Cone-shaped roofs can be full and incomplete.

Design Options

Most often, conical shapes serve as decoration.. They do not carry a functional load. You need to know the diameter of the base of the cone, the length of the slope. When calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cone, the amount of materials needed is determined.

Slope angle

The slope angle of a cone-shaped roof is calculated using the tangent formula. In this case, it is necessary to know the height of the cone and the length of the rafter leg.

truss system

The conical roof frame system is a hanging fan type. Use additional elements: beams, braces, crate, additional bars.

Conical roof truss system

Installation

Installation is carried out by laying the rafter legs in the form of a fan. They rely on runs, as well as a ring element at the top. The base is Mauerlat. Further, the base is assembled in a certain way with the help of additional elements.

CAREFULLY!

Boards as crates are not suitable for the cone type. In this case, flexible types of PVC pipes are mounted.

Advantages and disadvantages

Resistance to any weather phenomena is one of the advantages of a cone roof. Increased strength, originality - the undoubted advantage of this type of roof.

The complexity of installation, the high consumption of materials, the inability to install an attic due to the lack of windows allows you to mount such systems only to decorate the roof.

conical roof

Which roof is better

The design of the roof, first of all, must correspond to the architecture of the building.

The choice of roofing is determined according to factors:

• financial opportunity;
• climate features;
• individual preferences;
• the need for an attic.

Before you decide on the option of protecting your home, you should consider different options.

Roof options

Useful video

In this video you will learn what types of roofs are:

The roof is considered as important in the construction of the house as the foundation and walls. It belongs to the load-bearing structures, therefore, it must meet a number of requirements: to be strong, reliable, durable, well insulated, have good heat and sound insulation. Which roofs of houses to choose is the prerogative of the poor homeowner. The main thing here is not to make a mistake in the choice. The roof must also correspond, according to the type of forms, to be fireproof.

To make it easier to fulfill these requirements, before creating a house project, you need to select a shape in advance, calculate the height, and select the appropriate materials for its construction.

What forms are there?

There are several types of roofing. The choice should be based on design features:

• Shed. One roofing plane, based on two outer walls of unequal height. It is used for utility rooms (barn) and garages.
• gable. It has 2 planes, which, as in the first case, rest on 2 external wall structures, but of the same height. The planes are projected at a certain angle with respect to each other.
• hip. It has slopes on the end side in the shape of a triangle. The side walls also look like a truncated triangle or a trapezoid.
• Half hip. Consists of 2 slopes. The end surfaces are triangular in shape.
• broken line. A very complex roof model. At the bottom, the slopes are triangular, at the top they are connected, and always at an obtuse angle.
• Shatrovaya. It is also not without difficulties. This is a quadrangular structure with 4 slopes of the same size.
• cruciform. Used when the house has a complex shape. A design engineer should do calculations and a project in this type. This is explained by the fact that the cruciform shape of the roof provides for the calculation and installation of grooves. It is important to place them correctly in the design. Otherwise, leaks cannot be avoided.

There are many types of roofs. Here you need to learn not only to choose the shape, but also to correctly calculate the design of the roof. Only then will the roof perform the functions that are assigned to it.

Why do you need to calculate the height and how to do it correctly?

The roof is that part of the house that is most often exposed to atmospheric phenomena. With an incorrectly chosen angle of inclination, and, accordingly, the height, there are risks that, due to exposure to strong winds and precipitation, its integrity will be compromised. You will have to carry out repairs to the roof to fix problems - this is at best. At worst, you will have to build it from scratch.

The role of height indicators

You can not neglect the standards when creating a project. The reliability of the structure and the health of those who will live there depend on this. The following are a number of arguments that can 100% confirm the correctness of the foregoing and the significance of the correct calculation of the roof height for the construction of the house:

• Reliability and durability. A correctly calculated and selected height will allow the roof to be resistant to external, weather influences, resistance to increased loads, for example, roofing, insulation.
• Aesthetics. Appearance plays an important role. If its height does not correspond to the design of the house, then such a roof will not look aesthetically pleasing.
• Convenience. With the right height, you can build an attic.

The highest point is called the ridge. This is the point where all the inclined planes of the roof meet. If its height is chosen incorrectly, then there is a risk that the roof will not last the period for which the calculation of the owner of the house was set. The height parameters of the ridge must strictly correspond to the technological process.

How to calculate roof height?

Video tutorial on finding

What determines the height of the skate?

An important parameter in the calculation is the slope angle. There is a list of factors on which it is based mainly on atmospheric influences. :

• winds, if they often rage in the region, then the slope angle should be 10-20 degrees;
• precipitation in areas where they fall abundantly above 45 degrees;
• snow - in very snowy winters, the angle of inclination can be similar to the previous paragraph.

Advice

More detailed regulatory data can be taken from the requirements of SNiP 2301-99.

The choice of height according to the type of roof

Here, height calculations are carried out taking into account the type of coverage:

• If there are many piece elements in the materials for roofs, the angle of inclination should be chosen as large as possible.
• If the roof structure is low, the joints should be kept to a minimum.
• For very heavy roofing masses, the largest angle of inclination is selected so that the weight can be evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Calculation parameters taking into account the width of the building

Here, the cross section of the structure is represented as an equilateral triangle. Where the height parameter is the leg. Further, the calculation is carried out as follows:

When purchasing roofing, you need to pay attention to weight. For example, let's compare two popular types - metal and ceramic tiles. The latter is 10 times heavier than the first. And this plays a significant role in the design of rafters.

Many buyers make the mistake of buying cheaper coverage - it is often of poor quality, which means it will not last long.

What materials can be used?

The list of coatings for arranging roofs is quite wide. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Roofing materials

Metal tile - the most popular over the years

Ceramic tile

Produced for a long time - more than 100 years. Significantly improves the appearance of the facade in comparison with the clay counterpart. Counts:

• Reliable coverage.
• Has a long service life.
• Characterized by high strength.
• Not affected by humidity.
• Provides absolute UV protection.

With all the advantages, it also has several disadvantages:

• high cost;
• a large mass.

Ceramic tiles - produced for more than 100 years

Ondulin

Enjoys a reputation. Occupies positions in terms of quality and consumer demand:

• reliable;
• moisture resistant;
• lasting;
• protects against UV;
• tolerates high loads;
• resistant to mechanical stress;
• endowed with waterproofing properties;
• fireproof;
• not subject to corrosion;
• has good flexibility.

It is installed on the flooring, installed from the rack strips.

Ondulin - enjoys a reputation

Slate

The cheapest roofing material:

• service life - 40 years or more;
• moisture resistant;
• withstands mechanical stress;
• well withstands high loads, for example, a snow layer.

Flaws:

• In the process of long-term operation, its edges begin to crumble;
• In places where it is constantly shaded, lichen begins to appear.

Slate is the cheapest roofing material

Decking

Roofers often work with this material, referring to the fact that it is reliable and very durable. Compared to metal tiles, it has wider sheets, as well as:

• small specific gravity;
• high strength indicators;
• considered an environmentally friendly coating;
• has a wide selection of colors;
• it can be installed in all weather conditions.

How to choose a professional flooring?

What to pay attention to?

Flaws:

• makes a lot of noise if it rains;
• complex roof shapes require a lot of material;
• subject to corrosion during operation;
• places of drilling or cuts need additional processing;
• requires laying a hydrolayer to prevent condensate;
• requires additional insulation.

Decking - reliable and very durable

Flexible roof tiles

Seamless coating based on glass fibers impregnated with bitumen. The outer part is processed with basalt, painted in different colors:

• has high strength;
• endowed with good sound and heat insulation properties;
• provides excellent sealing.

From this list, you can choose any roofing material. Which one will be the best choice for you.

Flexible roof tiles - a seamless coating based on fiberglass

The choice of insulation - which is better?

When choosing a good insulation, refer not only to the cost, but also to the technical and operational characteristics. And also the difficulty in installation. Laying insulation can be done with your own hands, although in some cases you will need to use special equipment. Criteria for choosing a good insulation:

• thermal conductivity coefficient - the smaller it is, the better;
• moisture resistance;
• lifetime;
• stability of forms and appearance;
• heat insulator weight;
• resistance to low temperatures;
• soundproof properties;
• environmental friendliness.

Insulation - mineral wool

Advantage Features:

• high coefficient of thermal insulation;
• price;
• mineral wool does not burn;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation;
• biostability - does not undergo putrefactive phenomena, it will not be damaged by rodents or insects;
• has good vapor permeability;
• sound insulation coefficient is high;
• does not lose shape.

Roof insulation

What is needed for this?

When installing mineral wool insulation, it is imperative to provide vapor barrier and waterproofing layers. And also take care of the organization of ventilation gaps. This will prevent condensation from forming. If this is not done, then the rafters will begin to rot over time.

glass wool

In terms of its thermal insulation properties, it is close to mineral wool; it has been used as a heat insulator for a long time. Made from fused glass. It goes on sale in roll form, is characterized as a good, environmentally friendly and non-combustible material.

When using this insulation, you should protect your hands, body and eyes with special equipment. During installation, observe the laying technology.

If glass wool is bought without a foil outer coating (this is an improved type that many manufacturers have been using lately), then care should be taken to lay a vapor barrier layer from the same foil.

Styrofoam

It is also used very often in the insulation of walls and as a heat insulator for the roof:

• It is characterized as a material with high thermal insulation properties.
• Resistant to moisture.
• It does not absorb steam, which means it can be laid directly on the waterproofing, no need to organize an air gap.

When laying polystyrene foam in pitched roof shapes, it is imperative to ensure that the edges of the material fit snugly against it. Seams after installation must be treated with mounting foam.

The material is combustible and vapor-tight, which means it cannot be used in the insulation of flat roofs.

polyurethane foam

Also good for roof insulation. The list of its advantages includes:

• low thermal conductivity;
• small mass;
• good sound insulation;
• biostability;
• good waterproofing properties.

The material is endowed with sufficient rigidity. Well cut, drilled. Does not lose shape during service.

Polyurethane foam insulation can be laid (tiled form) or sprayed on (liquid form).

Polyurethane foam - the material is endowed with sufficient rigidity

Ecowool

Made from paper. Refers to environmentally friendly roofing insulation. Endowed with good sound and heat insulation qualities. In order for the material not to be combustible and not be damaged by rodents and insects, ecowool manufacturers treat it with defenseless substances and antipyrine.

It belongs to the lightest and cheapest types of heaters. Sold in liquid form. when using it as a roofing insulation (between the rafters), it is necessary to create some kind of closed boxes. Ecowool is blown into them so that it not only fills the space, but all kinds of cracks. Disadvantages - the use of special equipment in the installation work.

There are other ways to insulate the roof.

Ecowool - made from paper

Roof painting - nuances, methods, features

The roof is covered with different materials, the peculiarity of the work and the expediency of applying painting depends on this:

1 Slate. It looks good at first. It fades over time, lichen islands begin to appear on its surface. You can prevent these manifestations by painting it with water-dispersion or acrylic paint. They are resistant to external and weather factors. True, before this, the coating should be tinted.

2 Decking. It is rarely repainted. They are coated with a polymer-based color coating during manufacture. It is painted only in the process of carrying out restoration or restoration work.

3 Sheet metal. It is painted, but before that it is necessary to treat the surface with an anti-corrosion primer.

They paint the roof in two ways - manual or machine. Before the procedure, you must adhere to the following requirements:

• Do not paint the roof in bad weather, especially when it rains. It is best to do this in spring in April or May, in autumn in September or October. During these periods, the ink layer will have the best adhesion, which means it will last a long time.
• In the summer it is generally not recommended to paint because of the heat.
• Painting should be carried out in non-slip and non-scratching shoes.
• If work is carried out at high altitude, you need to take care of your own safety by tying yourself with a rope to a rafter or beam.
• It is highly not recommended to hook the safety rope to the chimney - it is an unreliable support, it may not support the weight of the body.

How many layers should the roof be painted?

In order for the ink layer to be stronger and look appropriate, at least 2 layers of paint should be applied:

• At the first application, you need to take 700 grams of drying oil for each kilogram of paintwork materials, mix and only then paint.
• When painting again, for each kilogram of paint, you need to take 5000 grams of drying oil.

Application technology - or how long to wait between the first and second painting:

• After applying the first layer, you need to wait a week for it to dry well.
• The second layer will dry for 3 days longer, that is, in total it is 10 days.
• If you decide to apply the 3rd layer, then you need to use and wait for just such terms.

How to choose the color for the roof and facade?

You can order a turnkey project, but this service is not available to everyone. You can consider all possible options in another way - by creating a template. To do this, a flat projection of your facade must be transferred to tracing paper(you can also use plastic wrap), and then by color substitution, choose a shade, manufacturer.

Even if everything goes well with the color, the chosen option will suit you in all respects, you don’t need to run and buy all the coloring material completely. First you need to paint a small piece of the facade and roof in the selected colors.

The evaluation of the final shade is influenced by:

• surface texture;
• base type;
• lighting.

Look at them at different times of the day and weather conditions:

• in the morning before sunrise;
• during the day with good lighting;
• in the evening, when only the lanterns are lit;
• on a cloudy day.

The disadvantage of this selection method is that it can only test a limited number of colors.

The roofs of private houses are divided into several different categories, depending on the shape, structural elements, complexity of the device, and other things. Choosing the type of roof during the construction of a building should take into account many factors: the amount of precipitation in a particular area, structural strength, wind load, arrangement of living rooms in the attic, etc.

The roof of the house performs several important functions at once:

• provides hydro and noise insulation;
• creates a barrier from the wind;
• acts as a thermal barrier.

The durability of the structure depends on the quality of the structure itself and the roofing material. Also, these indicators affect the cost of heating rooms inside the building.

Flat and pitched roofs

Roofs of houses can be flat and pitched (sloped).

Depending on the architecture of the building, an appropriate roof structure is selected even at the design stage. Drawings are created, and calculations are carried out, taking into account all the features of this architectural structure. The layout of the roof - the attic or living quarters - is also thought out in advance.

Country cottage with a flat roof

Flat structures are found mainly in countries that receive a small amount of annual precipitation. Since with abundant rainfall, water will accumulate on such a roof, and it may begin to leak. In the vastness of our country, pitched roofs are used in the construction of buildings. The plane of such structures is located at a certain angle, usually it is more than 10 degrees and depends on the abundance of precipitation that falls during the season in a given region.

You can learn more about all the other advantages and disadvantages of flat roofs from this special video.

Much more often they use roof projects of private houses with an inclined structure, which can have several slopes at once.

Attic and attic roofs

According to their design, roofs can be divided into non-attic and attic. In non-attic, the bearing elements of its design are at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor of the house. They can be ventilated or non-ventilated. Attic roofs have an attic floor that separates their structure from living quarters.

Roof purpose

When choosing the roof of a house, you should decide in advance how its space will be used: as a simple attic or living space. These points significantly affect what shape and type of roof is suitable for your home.

The main types of roofs of houses in shape

Roof structures of private houses in their form can also be divided into several types:

• lean-to,
• gable,
• hip,
• multi-forceps,
• attic,
• tented,
• domed,
• conical,
• flat.

The main types of roofs for private houses

For shed roofs, the angle of inclination usually does not exceed 20-30 ⁰. The planes of mansard roofs are set at an angle of 45-60⁰ in the lower part and 25-35⁰ in the upper part. For conventional gable structures, this figure is in the range of 25-45⁰.

Hipped roofs suggest the presence of 4-8 planes for better removal of rain and snow.

Beautiful roof structures of private houses are obtained by combining several gable elements or types, however, maintaining such structures in good condition and installing them is not an easy task.

shed roof

It has a fairly simple form. At the same time, this type of roof is extremely rare in the arrangement of private residential buildings, since with such a design, the load on the rainwater drainage system increases significantly, and they simply do not look too beautiful.

Private house with pitched roof

In most cases, such roofs are used in the construction of outbuildings of small width. If you still decide to equip just this type of roof, then you will need an enhanced drainage system with a greater throughput.

Gable roof

Also having a very simple design, they are the most common type of roofs for private low-rise buildings. When arranging it, you can use almost any roofing materials.

Scheme of the device of a simple standard gable roof of a private house

Hip (four-pitched) roof

The hip (four-pitched) roof is more common in the southern regions. With this option for arranging the roof, there are no gables in the attic, and dormer windows, in most cases, are located at the intersection of the ridge with hip ribs. By design, a hip roof is much more complicated than a gable roof, so it is more often used in cases where a building needs to be given aesthetic appeal.

The design of the hip four-slope roof of the house

Multi-gable roof

The multi-gable roof type is distinguished by an impressive number of different options, depending on the size and number of gables (pediments). Its construction is recommended to be trusted only by experienced professionals, since its arrangement is accompanied by the formation of sunken corners, which require very precise and accurate roofing work.

The device of the multi-gable roof of the house

mansard roof

As a rule, they equip in cases where it is planned to use the attic for living quarters. This type of roof has a broken profile and, accordingly, is somewhat difficult to manufacture. It is often a kind of multi-gable and gable roof.

Scheme of a broken mansard roof

Other types of roofs of private houses

In addition, conical, domed and combined types of roofs are quite common. Conical and domed roofs are often used as decorative or separate elements of more complex building structures. The combined type is one of the most common types of roofs, as it combines several elements of individual types at once.

Private country cottage with a conical roof

The choice of the type and shape of roofs for private houses

When choosing the shape and type of roof, it is necessary to take into account the factors on which its performance depends. First of all, you should pay attention to the slope of the roof. In snowy areas, it is advisable to select structures with simple and steep shapes, since snow will practically not accumulate on such areas.

In areas with strong winds, the strength of the wind load must be taken into account when choosing.
The higher it is, the greater the angle of inclination, area and height of the roof. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fire requirements for roofs.

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Projects of houses and cottages from logs

Glass roofs for private houses

Many owners of country cottages dream of enjoying the view of the starry sky. Roof projects for private houses may involve both partial glazing and the arrangement of a transparent dome. Glass roofing is installed on the terrace, balconies, veranda.

The shape of the roof for private houses and various kinds of structures is made in the form of an inclined plane, a dome, a sphere. Panoramic glass roofs are mounted on several slopes, which significantly increases the viewing area. During the installation of this design, it is necessary to use reinforced aluminum and steel profiles.

Glass roofs for private houses have their own distinctive features. When designing the structure, it should be taken into account that it will be necessary to periodically wash and repair the glass. The roof, like windows, will fade over time from dust and precipitation on its surface. It is also advisable to install a heating system on the windows so that in cold weather ice and snow do not accumulate on them, and you can enjoy the views.

Materials for transparent roofs

To create transparent and, at the same time, warm and safe roofs, they use:

• triplex glass,
• plexiglass,
• polycarbonate,
• transparent slate.

Ordinary glass is not used to create transparent roofs because of its high fragility; if broken, fragments can harm human health.

1. Triplex is the safest material for creating a safe coating.
2. Laminated glass also does not shatter when broken, however, the light transmission is not very high and it is very thick.
3. Wired glass is sometimes used for roof glazing. If the glass breaks, the fragments will remain in the metal mesh frame.
4. Plastic translucent materials - polycarbonate, plexiglass and slate have excellent properties (lightness and high strength), which make it possible to use them to create complex sliding structures.

The device of a simple roof of a wooden country house

House roof projects usually involve the maximum use of attic space, for which the room above is expanded and insulated. The resulting usable attic area can be used for housing.

The roof structure of a wooden house consists of a frame and a roof. The roof frame consists of load-bearing and fastening elements. The main part includes: rafters, Mauerlat and crate. Important additional frame elements are crossbars, struts, racks, etc. They give rigidity to the structure.

The design of the elements of the roof of a wooden house

The height and volume of the resulting room depend on two factors: the angle of inclination and the number of slopes. Typically, projects for the roofs of country houses involve a gable broken shape. This design is the most convenient for human life. Sometimes on the second floor the plan includes a balcony. Be sure to take into account that at the maximum point the height of the attic floor should not be less than 2.2 m.

The inside of a conventional gable roof can also be used as a living area. There are bedrooms or an office here. In this case, the height of the middle part of the room should not be less than 1.8 m.

The roof consists of materials that provide heat, hydro and vapor barrier.

When constructing a roof, special attention is paid to the choice of insulation. It is also worth stopping at the roofing material, which is more suitable in terms of characteristics for your building.

Detailed scheme of the roof of a wooden house

1. Waterproofing provides protection from precipitation, so the coating should not have damage on its surface, and even very small holes.
2. The vapor barrier ensures that there is no condensation, which can cause dampness in attics and attic rooms. Also, the inclusion of window openings in the projects of the roofs of country houses, which will allow ventilation, will allow to exclude the dampening of the wooden structure. The location and number of vents affects the ventilation of the attic and its illumination.
3. produced depending on its design features. Rigid material is laid on monolithic floors. From above they make a screed and mount the floor covering. On wooden structures they are laid: vapor barrier material, insulation, a subfloor is made and only then the floor covering is installed.

The upper element of the roof, which protects the house from the influence of natural manifestations and mechanical influences, is called the roof. Roof covering not only performs practical functions, but also creates a general appearance of the entire building. Therefore, the choice of the optimal material for covering the roof is very important. A variety of types of roofing for the roofs of private houses can make a person inexperienced in these matters confused. But having at least general knowledge about the quality and functionality of a particular type of material, you can successfully choose the right roofing.

What you should pay attention to:

Fire resistance and durability;

architectural solutions.

Metal roof

These types of roofing material for the roofs of a private house are lightweight, which makes it possible to lay them on lightweight roofs. The strength of the metal tile allows it to withstand human weight.

She possesses

Fire resistance and frost resistance;

It has a wide color palette, so with its help you can realize the most daring design ideas and make a private house original and unusual;

In addition, tiles can have a wave shape, be cascading, Roman, differ in size and thickness.

Color solutions for metal tiles

Cons of metal roofing:

Poor sound insulation of the house, which is especially noticeable during rain or hail;

A small level of thermal insulation;

A fragile protective layer that is easily damaged during transport or installation.

This is what the sheet looks like up close.

The cost of such roofing material varies from 200 to 700 rubles per sheet.

Roofing from corrugated board

Profiled metal sheets that have a wide color palette are called corrugated board. They are usually made of galvanized steel and given a recognizable wave shape to ensure rigidity.

Pros of corrugated roofing:

Light weight;

Long service life;

Ease of installation;

Environmental friendliness and versatility for any home;

Variety of colors;

Beautiful exterior of the house.

However, this roofing material also has a number of disadvantages:

The house heats up quickly in the sun;

May corrode if damaged.

Has a high noise level during rain;

If the installation of corrugated board was carried out by non-professionals, then the tightness may be broken.

The cost of corrugated board is small - from 150 rubles per linear meter.

Ondulin roof

For the manufacture of ondulin sheets, cellulose fiber, refined bitumen, mineral filler are used, and it is impregnated with polymer resin. This material for the roof of a private house has high technical characteristics, which allows it to compete with other materials of this kind.

The main advantages of ondulin roofing:

Environmental friendliness;

High soundproofing properties of the house;

This option is resistant to UV rays;

Resistance to fungi, mold, insect damage;

Light weight.

The disadvantages of ondulin are:

Weak resistance to temperature fluctuations;

Low level of fire safety;

Relatively short service life (up to 25 years).

The cost of options for this material for roofing ranges from 300 to 600 rubles per sheet measuring 1.95 * 0.96 m.

Slate roof

This type of roofing material for the roof, like slate, has been very popular for a long time. It is made from a mixture of asbestos and cement. Sometimes slate is painted in different colors to match the color of the house, but most often used in its original form, that is, in gray.

Advantages of asbestos-cement slate:

Strength;

Does not warm up in the sun;

Does not conduct electricity;

Good maintainability;

Not combustibility;

Not susceptible to corrosion.

Slate replacement photo

The disadvantages of slate roofing include:

The fragility of building materials;

Great weight;

Ability to absorb rain and melt water.

As for the cost, it is quite low - from 150 rubles for a standard sheet.

Flexible roof tiles

The flexible tile has a high-tech and multi-layer structure and consists of fiberglass impregnated with bitumen and various polymer additives.

Advantages of shingle roofs:

Environmental friendliness and safety;

Flexibility and plasticity;

Water resistance;

Durability;

Respectable appearance;

Resistance to mechanical influences.

Flexible tiles can be of different colors

This type of roofing for the roofs of private houses has some disadvantages:

It is difficult to replace a single element, the tile heats up quickly in the scorching sun.

Also, the high cost of such material can be added to the minuses - from 200 rubles per square meter.

Roll built-up roofing

Multilayer guide roll material is made on the basis of fiberglass, polymers or bitumen.

Its advantages:

High strength, which reduces the chance of tearing during styling;

Good vapor permeability;

Ease;

Environmental friendliness;

Variety of design;

Possibility of sealing seams by heat welding.

The disadvantages of this roofing option for the roofs of private houses include:

Not very attractive appearance;

Low fire resistance;

The possibility of slipping at large angles of inclination (30 degrees or more).

The price of such roofing material is small - from 350 rubles per roll of 9 m².