Installation of indoor and outdoor sewerage systems in a private house. How to build a sewerage system in a private house? Laying outdoor sewerage in a private house

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When arranging a sewage system with your own hands, you need to know how to lay sewer pipes, since they are an indispensable element of any system. There is nothing complicated in this, and knowledge about the main aspects of this process will be enough. How to lay sewer pipes in a private house will be discussed in this article.

Today the market is replete with materials for the manufacture of sewer systems: various pipes, fittings and other elements that ensure reliable operation and tight connection of the structure.

The laying of sewer pipes in a private house must be carried out correctly. For pipes, a trench is dug, the bottom of which is laid with gravel and sand, although sometimes the pipeline is laid directly on the ground. The pipes are usually connected in several pieces at the top of the trench, and then laid down. Of course, with plastic pipes such an operation is much easier, but with metal pipes you will have to sweat: this structure will not be installed with your own hands, so additional equipment will be required.

When laying pipes on the bottom, you need to ensure that they do not sag in certain areas, otherwise problems cannot be avoided. Also, during work, it is worth constantly monitoring the level of the pipes: non-observance of the slope will certainly provoke system malfunctions in the very near future.

The depth at which sewer pipes are laid in the ground is determined by the level of soil freezing in a given region. This value will be initial, and the final calculation of the depth of the trench along its entire length will be determined by knowing the distance to the sewer and the slope indicator. To further reduce the likelihood of pipeline freezing, it is worth insulating it: the cost of repairing a broken pipe will be much higher than the cost of insulating the entire pipeline.

An important aspect when arranging a sewage system is the sealing of pipes (which is especially difficult to do when doing work on your own). When sealing pipes, you should be careful, since the performance of the system depends on the quality of the work: constant leaks due to poor connections can destroy the sewer and make it impossible to use it further.

There are several ways to seal sewer pipe joints. One of them - caulking - is performed as follows: the socket is filled with tarred rope for two-thirds of the space, and the remaining space is completely filled with cement mortar in a ratio of 9: 1 (cement and water, respectively). This method is quite difficult to implement, but it is very reliable. If desired, you can use waterproof cement, and then the tourniquet is not required.

Before connecting the pipes, they must be thoroughly cleaned - this is a mandatory preparatory operation, due to which the laying of sewer pipes in a private house is of high quality and reliable. In addition, immediately before connecting pipes or structural elements, it is necessary to lubricate them with glycerin or soap. All joints during preparation must be marked so that during the final laying, the pipes fit exactly into their place.

Pipes for the sewer system in a private house

Given the variety of materials available, there will be no problem with this question. In addition, there will be no problems with how to lay the sewer pipe into the trench, if you use the tips described in this article.

In the old days, independent arrangement of the sewer system was considered a very difficult matter. The reason is very simple: the laying of sewer pipes in a private house was carried out using heavy and uncomfortable cast iron pipes, the weight of which did not at all make it possible to build anything on our own.

Now this problem practically does not exist: suitable plastic pipes have been developed for the sewage system, which are both lighter and cheaper, and are installed without any problems. Of course, the laying of sewer pipes and its repairs are calmly done by hand.

Before purchasing materials for the sewer system, it is necessary to prepare a project according to which all work will be carried out. The project should display all sewer lines, plumbing fixtures and the premises where they will be installed. It is also important to remember that different devices require different pipes and accessories.

The laying of sewer pipes in a private house is carried out with an eye to the pre-calculated slope value displayed in the project. The slope may differ depending on the situation, but the optimal value is considered to be 2 cm per meter of pipeline.

The diameter of the pipes for different sections is also important, and before laying the sewer pipes, you need to select the appropriate lengths. For example, 110 mm pipes are used to connect the toilet, and for plumbing that only drains water, 50 mm diameter pipes are sufficient. Thinner pipes with a diameter of 32 or 40 mm are often used, which are suitable for bidets and washing machines.

To choose pipes for connecting plumbing, you need to have an idea of such an indicator as the diameter of the nominal bore, which determines the inner diameter of the sewer pipes. So, for bathtubs, sinks and showers the value of this diameter is 40 mm, for washing machines and kitchen sinks - 40-50 mm, and for a toilet - from 100 mm. When installing the riser, it is necessary to take into account that its diameter must be higher than the largest diameter of the outlet pipe.

Additional elements of the sewage system for laying pipes with your own hands

Do-it-yourself laying of sewer pipes is most often done in a bell-shaped way: one end of the pipe is inserted into the bell of the other, and sealing and shaped elements are located between them.

The main fittings used most often include:

couplings;
knee;
adapters;
stubs;
crosses;
revisions;
clamps.

The coupling allows you to connect pipes to each other if a socket connection is impossible for one reason or another. For example, if you need to build two pipe sections into the system that do not have sockets, then the coupling will allow you to make such a connection.

An elbow is a shaped piece that allows you to change the direction of the sewer pipeline. The knee angle can be different: the most common are products with an angle of 90, 45 and 35 degrees.

Transitions are needed to connect pipes of different diameters to each other. A good example of such a situation is a system in which the main line is 110 mm in diameter and the internal drain is made of 50 mm pipes.

In order to tightly block one of the sewer passages, plugs are used. Very often these elements are used in the construction process: for example, if the sink has not yet been installed, and the sewage system is already working, then the free hole must be closed with a plug.

The cross is a type of adapter and has 4 channels: three sockets for connecting pipes and one large outlet. This shaped element allows you to connect several pipes in one unit and direct them into one line.

The revision is a tee with two sockets and a cover that comes off for cleaning the structure or troubleshooting. Clamps are fasteners and allow you to fix the structure in place.

Plastic sewer pipes

Today's plastic pipes can be made from different materials.

Raw materials for the manufacture of polymer pipes can be:

polyethylene;
polyvinyl chloride;
polybutylene;
polypropylene.

The most common are PVC pipes. Such products are characterized by high resistance to most types of aggressive substances that can get into them or be outside. The advantages of all types of plastic pipes include their low weight, which makes it possible to equip the sewer system with your own hands, without involving bulky equipment.

In addition, the inner surface of plastic pipes is smooth, so they are practically not subject to clogging, which speaks in favor of such products. Another weighty argument in favor of plastic pipes is their long service life, which makes it possible to create a reliable system that can work flawlessly for several decades.

Despite all the advantages of plastic pipes, the sewer system can still cause trouble. Problems most often arise precisely because of improper installation, and the result is quite deplorable. To prevent this from happening, the laying of sewer pipes in a private house must be done carefully, efficiently and in strict accordance with the project.

Clogged sewer pipes

The sewer system is often subject to blockages, no matter how high quality it is. Problems arise for a variety of reasons: improper technology for laying sewer pipes or other elements, poor quality of the materials used, or improper operation. However, all these problems can be avoided if you use generally accepted rules and know some aspects of the sewage system.

For example, it is not uncommon for blockages in the system to occur due to too sharp corners of turns or bends. It becomes much more difficult for drains to move in such places, so they need additional force, after which deposits remain on the inner surface of the pipeline. In addition, sometimes residents dump various garbage into the sewer, which is strictly forbidden to do: in the overwhelming majority of cases, solid objects get stuck at the first turn and provoke clogging.

Conclusion

Before placing the sewer pipes correctly, you need to understand the building codes, rules and standards. If everything was done correctly, then there will be no problems with the sewer system, and it will be able to perform its functions with maximum efficiency.

Sewerage laying is an important stage in the construction of a private house. If there is no public sewage system, then in order to equip a fully autonomous drainage system, you need to lay a network that delivers wastewater from sanitary and household appliances to a collection well. Installation of a sewage system for a private house is not a quick matter, however, if you do the work yourself, there should not be any serious difficulties. The help of specialists may be required only in the most difficult sections of the pipeline.

The drainage system of a private house consists of an internal and external sewerage system and a collection well. In cottages with more than two floors with their own bathrooms, the sewer network is additionally equipped with a fan pipe.

Water supply and sewerage systems are usually designed and installed at the same time, since the same plumbing and household equipment is connected to them.

The procedure for laying the sewer network:

Prepare a pipeline project, taking into account all devices connected to it, a slope of 2-3 cm per linear meter, and calculate the amount of required building materials.
Purchase pipes, fittings and fittings.
Cut pipes into lengths in accordance with the project.
Carry out internal wiring and lead the sewer pipe to the outside.
Install the waste pipe.
Lay the external sewage system.
Equip the collecting well and connect the pipeline to it.

Internal wiring

Indoor sewage is collected in such a way that its lowest point is the place where the pipeline is taken out. In order not to be mistaken with the angle of inclination, you can start assembly from this point.

If there is a project, the order of connection is not important, but you must strictly follow the rules for performing internal wiring:

Each device and functional section of the pipeline requires a pipe of the corresponding diameter: for a riser and a toilet bowl - 11 cm, for showers, baths, kitchen sinks - 5 cm, for everything else, 3.2 cm is enough, but if several devices are connected to one pipe at the same time , its diameter must be at least 7.5 cm.
Since the wastewater flows through the pipes by gravity, a pipeline slope of 2-3 cm per linear meter is required.
The pipe connection must be hermetically sealed and not impede the free flow of liquid: the pipes are connected along the flow, there must be no roughness or burrs at the junction.
Right angles should be avoided, as it is in them that blockages are most often formed. It is better to use several knees with smaller angles to complete the turn.
It is necessary to prevent back suction from the sewer and the penetration of unpleasant odors into the house. To do this, a siphon or an S-shaped bent pipe is installed on the branch pipe of each plumbing fixture, which performs the function of a water seal.
If the house has several floors and each of them has plumbing, you should equip a common riser.
Toilets are installed closer than other household and plumbing fixtures to the riser.
Nodes of the pipeline should not be performed in places where walls or ceilings pass.
Holes for pipes passing through walls and ceilings are cut with a margin, it is advisable to insert special sleeves or sections of wider pipes into them.
The connection points to the riser and pipeline bends are equipped with a tee with an inspection window, closed with a plug. Through these windows, in the future, the pipes will be cleaned in case of clogging.
The riser is located as close as possible to the place where the sewer is taken out.

Regardless of whether a private house is connected to a central or autonomous sewage system, the wastewater disposal system on the street must be equipped independently. Before starting this work, you need to develop an installation scheme that allows you to get by with the minimum size of the pipeline and sewerage network wiring.

This will reduce material procurement costs and improve the efficiency of the wastewater disposal system. Particular attention should be paid to the depth of pipe laying, the angle of their inclination and the reliability of flange connections, since the operability of the sewage system depends on these parameters.

Connecting a private house to the sewer

Circumstances and scheme of laying the external sewage system

The outer part of the sewerage system in a private house connects the outlet of the internal drain with the waste storage tank located on the site, or with the central sewerage system with a pipeline network. Read about the internal wiring in the house in the article. The laying of external sewer pipes is carried out according to a previously developed scheme, taking into account the following circumstances:

features of the terrain;
weather;
remoteness of wells and reservoirs;
the total volume of wastewater, depending on the number of people permanently living in the house;
the depth of soil freezing and its composition;
access ways of the sewer truck, if necessary.

In the scheme of laying the external sewage system, it is imperative to provide for its ventilation, since otherwise, over time, unpleasant odors will penetrate into the living quarters. Read about the rules for the ventilation of the sewage system in the article. Ventilation is equipped with a fan pipe, which can be located on the lid of a septic tank or on the section of the pipeline that runs from the house to the waste collection tank.

Arrangement of an autonomous external sewage system

The septic tank is equipped at the lowest point of the geological topography of the site. This arrangement allows the most optimal installation of external sewerage. It should be laid in a straight line to the location of the outlet pipe of the internal wastewater disposal system.

Selecting a plum location

When choosing the location of the drain, it is worth, first of all, to ensure that the unpleasant odor does not penetrate into the living quarters. As a result, it should be located at least five meters from the house. The optimal distance will be ten meters, it is also not worth placing a septic tank too far, since this significantly increases the cost of performing work on laying the pipeline network. The external sewerage connection to the house should not be carried out at right angles. In addition, the following should be considered:

water sources should be located at least thirty meters;
it is impossible to install a septic tank on the border of a neighboring area;
for the convenience of pumping out sewage, it is better to place the drain near the road;
especially careful sealing of the storage tank is needed when the soil water is located close;
the laying of the pipeline network facilitates the natural slope of the terrain.

Rules for placing a septic tank on the site

A cesspool for sewage has been used for a long time. Previously, they did not waste energy on sealing its walls, and when the hole was filled, they threw it with earth and dug a new one. Now the walls are laid out of bricks, concrete rings and other building materials.

Liquid fractions of waste seep through the soil at the bottom, filtering, solid components gradually fill the mine, and, after a while, they need to be pumped out.

Arrangement of a cesspool is advisable if the volume of wastewater in a private house does not exceed one cubic meter per day. If this rate is exceeded, the environment will be polluted.

Instead of a cesspool, you can equip a sealed container for the accumulation of wastewater. In this case, a thorough waterproofing of the bottom and walls of the shaft is carried out. Thus, the possibility of contamination of soil and drinking sources is prevented. The disadvantage of this system is the need for frequent cleaning, since the sealed container fills up rather quickly.

Determining the type of treatment plant

Treatment facilities for a private house are equipped in the form of a simple cesspool without a bottom or a sealed wastewater tank. A single-chamber septic tank with soil cleaning or a two-chamber septic tank with a filter well can improve the filtration of wastewater. A variant of the construction of three chambers with a filtration field is possible, as well as with the use of a biofilter and an air supply system.

Septic tank with filtration from tires

A single-chamber septic tank, in essence, is a cesspool with a drainage layer. Crushed stone or gravel mixed with sand is poured at the bottom of the well. Passing through the filter layer, the liquid fractions of waste are cleaned before entering the soil. After a while, the drainage layer needs to be replaced, as muddy deposits settle on it. A single chamber septic tank is suitable for a private house with a small volume of waste water.

A two-chamber septic tank consists of a storage tank and a filter well, which are connected by an overflow pipe. In the sump, feces are partially clarified, then they fall into the mine with a drainage layer at the bottom. They seep into the soil when they are already sufficiently cleaned.

A two-chamber septic tank is a popular sewerage option for a private house, since it does not require large financial costs for its equipment and works efficiently.

Installation of a septic tank from two or more chambers, as well as a filtration field, virtually eliminates the possibility of environmental pollution. While settling in the first tank, the partially clarified wastewater flows through the overflow pipe into the next chamber with anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic residues. Read about how to make a septic tank with your own hands from scrap materials in the article

After successively passing through all the sections, the wastewater enters the filtration field, which is an area under the ground of about thirty square meters, where the final soil cleaning takes place. If there is free space on the site, this method of arranging the sewage system is optimal.

Diagram of a septic tank with a biofilter

A septic tank with a biofilter is a deep sewerage cleaning station. In principle, it is similar to a purification system with a filtration field, only in this case it is replaced by a water separator and anaerobic bacteria introduced at the outlet of the overflow pipe to the fourth section, which purify the effluent by about ninety-five percent. This water can be used for technical needs.

It is irrational to install deep cleaning stations in private houses with periodic residence, since if a sewage system of such a design is not used constantly, bacteria that decompose organic residues die. In addition, they are quite expensive.

Sewer pipe laying depth

The depth of soil freezing is a fundamental factor when sinking sewer pipes into the ground. They must be laid below the freezing point, otherwise they will freeze in winter, and it will be impossible to use the sewage system until the spring thaw. The appearance of even small build-ups of ice on the inner surfaces of pipelines leads to a decrease in their permeability and the formation of blockages.

Map of normative freezing depths

In the southern regions, the depth of laying sewer pipes is fifty or more centimeters, in the central regions - seventy or more centimeters. You need to know exactly the depth of soil freezing in your region, so as not to sink into the ground more than necessary, since in this case the cost of doing the work will increase.

Organization of the withdrawal of the sewer pipe from the house

The organization of the withdrawal of the sewer pipe from the house depends on the stage of readiness for operation of the building. If the house has just been built, the foundation may shrink, therefore, a hole in it for the outlet of the sewer pipe must be drilled with a noticeably larger diameter than the cross-section of the pipe itself.

Options for drainage schemes from the house

If the house is just being built, the outlet pipe can be walled up in the process of laying the foundation. The foundation of a house built a few years ago will not settle, so the diameter of the hole drilled for the outlet pipe need not be increased. Plumbing fixtures must be located at a short distance from the common drain, since in this case it is easier to connect them to the common outlet. If the house has two or more floors, the bathrooms should be placed on top of each other, and in this case, you can get by with one riser.

DIY outdoor sewerage installation in a private house

The external sewerage system consists of a purification tank and a piping system that connects the septic tank to the house. Before performing installation work, an external sewerage scheme is applied on the site plan.

Practical options for removing the sewer from the house

Then special pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm are selected, intended for outdoor use. They are usually orange in color. A trench is dug to lay the pipeline. Its depth is selected depending on the climatic features of the area, the composition and characteristics of the soil, as well as other factors. If necessary, the pipeline network is insulated.

The most time-consuming part of the work when installing a sewage system with your own hands in a private house is digging a pit for a cesspool or septic tank. The optimal distance to which the septic tank is removed from the house is about ten meters.

The volume of storage capacity directly depends on the number of people permanently living in the house and the frequency of their use of plumbing fixtures.

It is best to connect the storage tank to the outlet of the internal sewage drain in a straight line, bends and turns of the pipeline system increase the likelihood of clogging. For easy cleaning, a long line in places of direction change should be equipped with inspection hatches.
This is how a properly equipped external sewage system looks like.

Wastewater flows through the pipeline system by gravity, under the influence of gravitational forces, so it is necessary to maintain the correct angle of inclination. If it is too small, large pieces of waste will be trapped and the sewer will clog.

If the slope is too great, solids will be thrown to the walls of the pipe, and again it will become clogged. Information on the correct slope of the sewer can be found in the article

The required angle is maintained and controlled by the building level when digging a trench, its depth increases as it approaches the storage tank or central sewerage. A shock-absorbing cushion is laid at the bottom of the ditch, which is a filling of sand, pipes are laid directly on it. If it is necessary to change the slope angle of the pipes, sand is poured in the right place.

An important operational parameter of the sewerage system is the depth of the pipeline network. It must necessarily be below the freezing point of the soil in this region. Otherwise, in winter, frozen wastewater can rupture the pipeline network and damage the sewage system. To carry out repair work, you will have to wait for the spring thaw.

How to properly equip the thermal insulation of the pipe

To prevent emergencies during the cold season, it is better to insulate the sewage system. Many modern materials have good thermal insulation qualities, for example, polyurethane foam, fiberglass or mineral wool. You can properly equip the thermal insulation of the pipe by simply wrapping it with insulation and placing it in a shell made of a mixture of asbestos and cement.

External sewerage insulation options

You can also attach a plastic wrap over the thermal insulation. In cold northern regions, to protect the sewer pipes from freezing, the insulation layer is additionally equipped with an electric heating system. In any case, the pipeline network must be laid below the level of the soil freezing depth, especially if snow drifts melting in the spring form on the surface. An interesting experience in laying outdoor sewage pipes can be gleaned from the following video.

Comfortable living in a private house provides for the mandatory installation of communication systems, the main of which is the sewerage system. Since it provides a constant drainage of water, its design requires special attention.

When laying pipes, it is important to consider the burial standards and adhere to certain technologies aimed at reducing the risk of environmental pollution by sewage.

System design

Sewerage in a private house is a complex system consisting of internal, external circuits and a septic tank. In order for all devices to work smoothly and smoothly during operation, their installation requires correct design. Inside the building, a sewer pipeline is laid, the parts of which are connected into one common channel using fittings. It is taken out and equipped with a check valve that protects the system from an increase in the water level when external containers are overfilled with liquid. At the same time, pipes can be installed not only inside the house, but also in other outbuildings located on the territory of the land plot.

As for the outer part of the communications, it looks like a cesspool or a station with biological treatment. The outer part is characterized by a different principle of operation and may consist of additional devices, as it will depend on the size and complexity of laying the overall system. If its performance allows, then a storm sewer is also laid, which has a separate drain.

Internal circuit

The design and installation of an internal sewage system in a country house provides for accurate calculations, since the slightest mistakes can lead to operational problems, and the installation work will have to be done in a new way. The internal communication scheme consists of a set of pipes, plastic risers and fasteners, their main task is to drain used water from plumbing and other devices. The main element of this system is considered to be a vertical riser, which accumulates water from the entire horizontal distribution. Often in large buildings, two risers are installed, this allows you to conveniently plan rooms and simplify installation work in general.

Compared to a centralized city, the system in a private house is much more complex. This is due to the fact that she needs to provide quality service not only to the residential building, but also to the summer kitchen, barbecue, bathhouse and shower, since all additional outbuildings need improvement. In this case, pipes can be placed both inside and on top of walls, as well as in the floor. Many homeowners try to hide communications in walls, but this is a very laborious process, in addition, all connections must be open.

The upper part of the riser, as a rule, is brought out 50 cm above the roof of the house and equipped with a special valve or cover, this is necessary in order to avoid the breakdown of the water seal. Many layouts also often provide for vent ringing where the horizontal piping is connected to the riser just above the drain. The riser is taken out of the building to the outside into a well through the space under the floor or basement. Siphons must be placed between the plumbing equipment and fittings to protect the premises from the penetration of unpleasant odors.

In the event that the planning of the internal circuits is carried out independently by the owner of the house, and not by a specialized company, then it is necessary to correctly plan the placement of piping, bathrooms and kitchens.

If the plumbing is planned to be installed on several floors, then the diagrams are made by floor, noting the location of all equipment and risers in the drawings.

Outer part

The outer part of the sewage system is a scheme consisting of pipelines transporting wastewater to the disposal site, containers for collecting waste and a sump (cesspool). Its design is carried out taking into account the current norms and standards, since a properly equipped sewage system is considered a guarantee of comfortable and reliable living conditions in the house. Any inaccuracy in the layout of the external part of the sewage system can lead to various problems, including the formation of blockages, in which it is possible for dirty drains and waste to get into places located near sources of drinking water. To prevent this, the outer pipes are supplemented with a drainage system and accurate calculations of the cesspool are made: it must be located below the pipelines. In the event that the delivery of wastewater is carried out using pumps, the circuit is provided with an appropriate pressure.

The main part of the external sewage system is a sump, all sewage is fed to it through pipes, accumulate and seep into the soil over time or are easily disposed of. After filling the pit with heavy fractions, it is necessary to clean it using a special sewer technique.

Depth of laying

The process of installing a sewage system in a country house is simple, but it is best to trust it to specialists. If the work is carried out independently by the owners, then it is necessary to carefully consider the arrangement of the system and select a high-quality basis for collecting wastewater: most often a septic tank is used for this. In addition, the depth of the well and trench should be correctly calculated, it should be minimal. When installing a drain pit close to the house, it is recommended to maintain a distance of 5 meters, and the septic tank must be deepened into the ground by 1.5 m. Thanks to these parameters, it is possible to protect the septic tank from the negative effects of groundwater and avoid damage to it.

To know at what depth to lay communications, it is necessary to determine the level of the location of the building. When laying the pipeline from the building to the septic tank, it is advisable to make the system absolutely straight, avoiding knees and turns. It is best to lay pipes to a depth that is slightly above the freezing point of the soil. At the same time, we must not forget that under the sites or roads where the pipeline is located, they may freeze in winter, since the snow will be cleared. In such situations, the depth is increased.

Norms according to SNiP

The installation of the external sewage system is carried out in accordance with the norms of SNiP, which stipulate the maximum and minimum permissible depth indicators, but they may vary depending on the characteristics of the system and the methods of pipe laying. For structural elements that are used to drain dirty drains, a deepening of 30 cm from the earth's surface is allowed, their cross-section is chosen no more than 50 cm.Pipes with a diameter of more than 500 mm must be laid at a depth of at least 50 cm.

In addition, it is worth remembering that the sewage waste at the outlet, even in winter, has a high temperature, which on average can reach + 18C. Therefore, they never freeze when passing to the collector. Applying this property, it is possible to reduce the depth of the pipeline, but this is most often done when the distance between the exit of the system from the building and the collector is insignificant. It is also worth noting that the minimum laying of the sewage system according to SNiP standards also depends on the type of loads that affect the soil surface in the areas of the system arrangement. If they are high, then the pipes must be closed.

Factors for selection

The choice of trench depth is important for many reasons. For example, if pipes are laid at the level of freezing of the ground, then liquid waste can cool down, as a result of this, a blockage will appear, and the sewage system cannot be used until warming. You can also avoid blockages by installing the minimum number of connections. In those cases when during the installation of the pipeline it is impossible to do without turns, then a well is installed at the joining points. Access to it must be free.

To calculate the optimal depth of laying external communications, it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the pipes, the material from which they are released, and the angle of inclination of 0.03 m for each running meter of the system. The point of exit of the sewer from the house and the location of the cesspool also play a huge role.

The spontaneous transportation of effluents will depend on the angle of inclination, if it is incorrectly determined, then during the operation of the communication, clogging is possible.

Reduction options

In some cases, it is possible to reduce the installation depth of the outer pipes. Most often this is available if pumping stations are connected to the system, they provide quick cleaning of channels and thereby clean pipes, whether they are cast iron or steel, from freezing. Such systems are considered not gravity, but semi-pressure. The deepening is also reduced when the pipes used are made of durable material and have thick walls. It is also possible to lower the depth level by insulating the track; for this, a plot of land is covered with a special bedding, and decorative mounds or flower beds are placed on top.

Materials and tools

Since the main part of the internal system is considered to be a common riser, which is used to drain all effluents into a septic tank, then its choice must be taken responsibly. You cannot save on material by purchasing a cheap and low-quality product.

In addition to the riser, the following elements will also be required to equip the sewage system:

sewer pipe with a diameter of 30, 50, 75 and 100 mm;
bends corresponding to the size of the pipes;
tees;
adapters and reducers;
stubs;
fastening parts;
synthetic sealant.

When purchasing pipes, it is necessary to take into account that for the riser they must be chosen with the largest diameter, this also applies to the drainage of drains from the toilet.

As for the tools, before starting the installation work, it is necessary to prepare their minimum set, consisting of:

level;
puncher;
hacksaws;
grinders;
hammer;
screwdrivers;
sealant gun.

Stages of work

In a private house, the installation of a sewage system should begin with the preparation of graphic diagrams of internal and external systems. If you plan to do the work yourself, then first of all you need to determine the length of the pipeline and the angle of its slope, then calculate the required number of adapters, connecting elements and seals. At this stage, it is important to know how the sewage system will function, and whether additional installation of pumping equipment or the laying of auxiliary channels will be required.

Internal plumbing work is carried out as follows:

first, the risers are installed, and their ends are brought out to the basement or to the roof;
the next step is to bring the toilet to the risers;
then horizontal wiring is prepared and connected to the system;
upon completion, siphons are attached to the plumbing.

Before you know how deep to lay the sewer pipes, it is very important to understand the different types of pipelines.

When you choose the pipes, be sure to take into account that there are different pipelines for the internal and external sewage system. The internal sewerage system includes all plumbing devices and pipes that are in the house. External - pipelines, local treatment plants such as, and storage located outside the house.

The pipes used outside the home are brown-orange in color, used in the home are light gray in color. Important: when purchasing a pipeline, be sure to carefully read the instructions, as it details the specifics of using the structure.

What materials are the pipes made of?

For example, a few years ago, metal pipes were especially popular. But now this tendency does not take place due to the fact that the metal undergoes special corrosion. In turn, now most people install. Plastic pipes are lightweight, durable, long service life. When installing them, you do not need to call a welder or use special equipment.

Also, collectors are made of cast iron, concrete, ceramics and fiberglass. Cast iron pipes are heavy and difficult to install. Ceramic - with a high degree of possible damage. Concrete - heavy weight and also the complexity of installation.

If you choose a PVC pipeline, then keep in mind that polypropylene installations can withstand temperatures of 80 degrees, while polyvinyl chloride structures - only 40 degrees.