Ceiling finishing methods: make a choice. Modern ceiling finishes: options Types of decorative plaster

All options for finishing the ceiling can be conditionally divided into 3 groups:
Budget... These include whitewashing, painting, wallpaper and ceiling tiles. Due to the availability of materials and ease of work, there is no need to attract specialists, and, accordingly, the financial costs of repairs are reduced.
Practical and durable... With a more tangible cost and complexity of installation work, they are distinguished by high aesthetics, ease of maintenance and a long service life. This category includes: decorative plaster, suspended and suspended ceilings, wood and cork.
Elite... These include: mirrored or coffered ceilings, Venetian plaster, sgraffito.
So.

Ceiling finishes

Consider all the current ceiling design options, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Painting / Whitewashing

The traditional and, perhaps, one of the most common in the recent past, the method of finishing the ceiling - whitewash, recently increasingly gives way to staining.
Both options are ideal for rooms with low ceilings. The use of light shades allows you to visually increase the height of the walls and refresh the entire room.

The process of painting (whitewashing) the ceiling is quite simple, however, it provides for a perfectly flat, carefully prepared surface.

There are two main ingredients for making a whitewash mixture. This is lime and chalk. Regardless of the choice, they combine with water to the desired consistency.
The main disadvantage of whitewashing on the ceiling is that it crumbles, creating the need for regular wet cleaning of the room and an annual renewal of the coating itself, which is also very unstable to any impact.

Ceiling paints differ primarily in composition. Depending on the purpose of the premises, they can be:

water-based;
acrylic;
silicone;
latex;
silicate.

In turn, depending on the desired decorative effect, the coloring mixtures are divided into matte, glossy and semi-glossy. Colors and shades when choosing directly depend on the interior as a whole.

The process of applying whitewash or paint to the ceiling has no fundamental differences. The main working tool can be a brush, roller or spray gun. The paint, as well as the whitewash, is best applied in several layers, each time waiting for the previous one to dry completely.

The disadvantages of painting ceilings can only be attributed to the need for careful removal of previous coatings and the need for periodic renewal.

To the merits:

the ability to apply to any surface;
rich selection of colors and shades;
affordability.

Fans of non-standard solutions when painting the ceiling can afford artistic painting. To do this, depending on the complexity of the drawing, you will need to invite a professional or just use a suitable stencil.

In addition to the usual plaster used to level surfaces, there is its decorative analogue, which is a textured finish. This tool allows you to give the surface a beautiful relief that hides minor defects and allows you to bring original design ideas to life.
Combining different application methods also produces interesting results.

Decorating the ceiling with decorative plaster has a number of advantages:

masking of surface defects;
the ability to apply to any building materials (concrete, brick, wood, drywall);
color variety;
resistance to mechanical stress;
significant service life;
environmental Safety.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the application and, accordingly, the need to attract specialists.

Depending on the desired result, there are two types of decorative plaster for the ceiling:
Textured... It is a completely ready-to-use mixture. The desired appearance and surface relief is achieved due to the presence in the composition of the appropriate components (marble, granite or quartz chips). There are several subspecies of such plaster, differing in the size of decorative filler granules.
Structural... It is a white plastic mass. It differs in that to create a relief pattern during the application process, you must use special tools. The desired shade is achieved by adding a tinting solution or subsequent painting.

Sgraffito

Considering the methods of decorating the ceiling with decorative plaster, one cannot ignore such an option as sgraffito. This is a special technology of multilayer application and subsequent fragmentary removal of particles of the upper layers in accordance with the artistic intent.
As a result, a real work of art appears on the ceiling.

The peculiarity of this technique is that to create a multi-layer pattern, the working surface is alternately covered with plaster mixtures of different colors. After final drying, a drawing is applied to the outer layer. Then, with the help of special tools, part of the coating is removed until the desired color appears. Further, work is carried out with the next layer, etc.
After the completion of the artistic process, the surface is covered with a special wax.

As a rule, sgraffito is not used as the main decoration for large areas of single-level ceilings. This option is more suitable for multi-level structures or is used fragmentarily, to highlight individual areas (near the chandelier, in the corner areas, around the perimeter). This technique works great when decorating one wall with the capture of part of the ceiling.
The main disadvantage of this decoration method is the high cost and laboriousness of the application process, which requires the highest level of skill.

Ceilings resembling polished marble, exquisitely shining with rays of light penetrating into them, are the result of painstaking work of the master with Venetian plaster. In its modern design, it is a mixture of dyes with lime, silicone, acrylic or epoxy resin.

The advantages of such a coating are obvious:

aesthetics;
durability;
resistance to fungal infections;
hypoallergenic.

Disadvantages:

the complexity of the application;
high cost of work and raw materials.

When making a choice in favor of Venetian plaster, it is important to consider that it is only suitable for.

The richest selection of wallpapers with a variety of textures and materials makes them very popular in the design of many surfaces, including ceilings. On sale you can find options for every taste and wealth, suitable for.

This versatility is due to the many varieties of wallpaper:

paper;
vinyl;
non-woven;
glass wallpaper;
the liquid wallpaper.

The names in this case are determined by the main components, which also provide the coverage characteristics.

a variety of textures and colors;
affordability;
the possibility of gluing / applying with your own hands.

Some types of wallpaper are suitable for subsequent coloring.

The disadvantages of such coatings are reduced to fragility, instability to moisture and ultraviolet light.

Liquid wallpaper differs not only in its structure, which is a dry mixture of paper and decorative components, but also in the method of application.

To start using, such wallpaper is mixed with water, in accordance with the instructions. Then the resulting mixture is applied to the ceiling, gently spreading with a spatula and trowel. The work is simple and can be done without the involvement of specialists.
The end result looks more like decorative plaster in appearance, only soft and delicate.
An additional advantage of such a coating is the ease of restoration of damaged areas. It is enough to moisten the damaged fragment with water, remove and reapply.

One of the easiest and fastest ways to finish the ceiling is considered to be pasting with expanded polystyrene tiles. They can be of various sizes, ideally smooth or with a relief pattern, snow-white or colored.

In addition to a variety of shapes and shades, ceiling tiles have the following positive characteristics:

water resistance;
affordability;
ease of installation and dismantling.

The disadvantages include:

low strength;
fire hazard;
expanded polystyrene rapidly degrades when exposed to direct sunlight.

Dropped ceilings

A special type of finish that does not require preliminary surface preparation, remarkably hiding all defects, and at the same time, communications, is called a suspended ceiling.

There are many options for suspended ceilings. These can be constructions from:

drywall;
racks;
cassettes;
lattices;
laminate;
PVC films.

All suspended ceiling coverings have a number of common advantages:

practicality and aesthetics;
the ability to hide wires and communications;
durability.

They are not without disadvantages:

the complexity and significant cost of installation;
reducing the height of the room.

Drywall

With the advent of drywall, designers have a unique opportunity to bring to life the most daring and extraordinary projects. This material allows you to create straight lines and smooth curves, geometric shapes and unusual curly details on the ceiling. With its help, both simple, flat surfaces and exquisite multi-level structures are created.

Gypsum board, as a building and finishing material, consists of two cardboard sheets connected with gypsum filler. To create suspended structures, sheets of the desired shape and size are mounted on metal profiles fixed to the surface. To decorate the resulting coating, absolutely any finishing method can be used.

The disadvantages of drywall are: instability to moisture and significant weight of the structure.

Rack (panel) ceiling

A more budgetary, but no less popular option for suspended ceilings is rack structures. They consist of a retaining frame system and cladding panels made of plastic, aluminum or steel.

There are two types of slatted ceilings:
Open type RP- in it, the main panels are located with a small gap, into which decorative inserts are placed to increase aesthetics. The colors of the parts can be either the same or contrasting, depending on the preferences of the owner.
RP of closed type- consists of alternating strips tightly fitted to each other.
Regardless of the material, the surface of the slatted ceilings can be solid or perforated.

The general advantages of such coatings are:

moisture resistance;
practicality;
durability;
the ability to create curved surfaces;
ease of installation.

Disadvantages:

susceptibility to deformation;
the complexity of dismantling.

In the case of a selection of steel elements, significant weight and susceptibility to corrosion are added to the list; at the same time, absolute fire safety is added to the positive characteristics.

Cassette system

Cassette ceilings have been the prerogative of offices and commercial premises for a long time, however, recently they are increasingly found in home interiors.

As a decorative component of such ceilings, square plates (cassettes) are used, made of a variety of materials:

metal (steel, aluminum);
glass (acrylic, silicate);
gypsum;
mineral fiber;
wood.

Their surface can be matte, glossy, mirror, metallized.
By design, cassettes are either solid or perforated.
Lighting fixtures are often installed behind glass panels, filling the room with soft, diffused light.
For opaque surfaces, small recessed lighting options or lamps of appropriate sizes are provided, installed instead of cassettes.

According to the method of installation, cassette ceilings are divided into two categories: open and closed. In the first case, the retaining frames remain visible, in the second, they are hidden behind the trim.

Advantages:

versatility;
the possibility of fragmentary replacement of damaged elements;
access to communications;
ease of arrangement of additional ventilation;
environmental friendliness.

Most types of cassette ceilings are also characterized by high moisture resistance.

The disadvantage of cassette designs is the impossibility of obtaining a uniform coating, the grid of squares will be visible in any design.

Lattice ceilings (Grilyato)

An original Italian invention - ceilings resembling a mesh lattice are also rapidly moving from offices and shopping centers to the interiors of residential premises. Such structures represent a profile lattice decorated with rectangular cells.
Materials for production are usually aluminum or steel. Due to their lightness, environmental friendliness and originality, such coatings allow the implementation of exclusive design projects.

There are several models of lattice ceilings:
Standard... Has the same square cells of the U-shaped profile;
Multilevel... It is completed with profiles of different heights, allowing to achieve the effect of changing levels;
Pyramidal... Differs in the shape of the cells with a Y-shaped profile;
Blinds... In appearance, they resemble the structure of the same name;
Non-standard... Simultaneously includes cells of different sizes.

Advantages of Grilyato ceilings:

light weight;
environmental friendliness;
Fire safety;
visual effects;
ease of dismantling;
durability;
many lighting options.

The disadvantage is the need to prepare the base, which can be viewed through the grille.

Laminate finish

Many people associate laminate with flooring, however, this finishing material is increasingly seen on the ceiling. Imitating natural wood flooring, it gives the room a special comfort, while simultaneously performing the functions of heat and sound insulation.

The advantages of this finishing option include all the corresponding characteristics of the suspended ceilings, plus:

variety of layouts and colors;
strength, resistance to mechanical stress;
environmental friendliness;
aesthetics.

The disadvantage is the destructive effect of moisture.

Stretch (PVC) ceilings

This method of decoration allows you to transform the room beyond recognition, forming an effective seamless coating.

Stretch ceilings advantages:

a variety of colors and configurations;
moisture resistance;
practicality.

The disadvantages include:

instability to mechanical stress;
significant cost of coating and installation.

Mirrored ceilings

Mirrored ceiling is always interesting and unusual. Visually expanding the room, allowing it to play with light, it becomes a real highlight of the interior.

There are several options for creating mirrored ceilings:
Tiled... Consists of glass mirror fragments of a certain shape. Has the best reflective effect.
Rack... It is a panel structure made of plastic elements with a suitable coating or aluminum strips with a reflective layer;
Tension... With the help of PVC film with a glossy surface, the effect of a mirror finish is created.
Polystyrene... It is made in the form of large reflective boards, which implies gluing to a carefully leveled surface.

Positive characteristics:

versatility;
visual increase in space;
lighting effects;
functionality;
the ability to combine materials;
moisture resistance.

Disadvantages:

the complexity of sanitization;
significant weight of glass panels.

Coffered ceilings

An aristocratic classic that has been tested by time and has not lost its popularity are coffered ceilings. They give the space a special ambience of stately luxury.
Coffered ceilings are a decorated beam structure with recesses of a certain shape (caissons).
Natural wood has traditionally served as the material for creating such ceilings. However, due to the high labor intensity and the significant cost of manufacturing and installing all the necessary elements, many people prefer to use alternative options:

polyurethane;
drywall.

Advantages of coffered ceilings:

aesthetics, premium look;
durability;
improving the acoustic characteristics of the room.

Among the disadvantages are:

significant reduction in the height of the room;
relatively high cost;
complexity of installation.

A very unusual and effective way to decorate the ceiling is to decorate it with textiles. In the simplest interpretation, it is pasting the surface with any fabric material. The application process is practically the same as when working with wallpaper.

The next option is a stretch ceiling made of textile material. Compared to the film, such a coating is environmentally friendly, it does not disturb air circulation and easily tolerates temperature fluctuations. The disadvantages include the complexity of cleaning activities, higher cost and the inability to use in rooms with high humidity levels.

And finally, for luxurious-elite and themed interiors, the drapery effect is applied, transforming any space into a real art object.
There are several ways to fix such masterpieces:
Reiki... They are located around the perimeter and inside the selected area;
Frame system... It is used to organize complex compositions: cascades, buffets, tents;
Eaves... Attached to the edges of the drapery.

The textile design of the ceiling is in direct proportion to the walls. They should harmoniously complement each other without causing dissonance of perception.

Wooden ceilings

Wooden ceilings are in steady demand today. Their uniqueness lies in the fact that, in any design, they give the interior a special flavor and homeliness, successfully fitting into many design projects.

The advantages of wooden ceilings:

aesthetics and decorativeness;
environmental friendliness;
versatility;
soundproofing;
thermal insulation.

Disadvantages:

fire hazard;
exposure to moisture;
soundproofing;
moisture resistance;
Fire safety;
durability;
practicality;
decorativeness.

There are practically no drawbacks to such a ceiling, if you do not take into account the rather high cost.

Bamboo ceiling

Eco-design lovers will surely like bamboo ceilings. They are decorated using three types of finishing materials:
bamboo slabs- are made in the form of squares, with a side size of 60 cm;
bamboo panels- can have parameters: 120x240 cm and 100x190 cm.
bamboo canvas- This is a roll option, which is a special type of wallpaper that differ in length and width.

Bamboo stems are used as a decorative finish for such ceilings.

Advantages of the bamboo finish:

naturalness and environmental friendliness;
exclusivity;
practicality;
significant service life.

Considering that manual work is widely used in the manufacture of these materials, their cost is quite high, which is their main disadvantage.

Ceiling decoration is the first stage of finishing work. Today, there are various types of ceilings in an apartment or a private house, each of which differs in the materials used and the methods of their application or installation. In addition, the available options for finishing ceilings vary in cost and complexity of the work.

Decorating ceilings with paint is the easiest and most affordable way to finish. Most often, water-dispersion compositions are used for this purpose. Their cost is relatively low. In addition, such materials demonstrate excellent resistance to water and temperature extremes. It takes only a few hours for the paint to dry. Water-dispersion compositions do not emit harmful substances, and their range allows you to choose a shade that will be in harmony with the interior of the room. The material can be applied to any surface other than metal, due to the risk of corrosion.

The main disadvantage of this method of finishing ceilings is the need to completely remove the old coating, for example, whitewash or plaster layer. A high quality pre-leveling will also be required, as any imperfections on the painted surface will be visible. The paint coating regularly requires updating, that is, it will have to be tinted annually. This is especially true of ceilings in kitchens, where fat will settle during cooking.

Plastering

Decorating the ceiling with plaster mixes is also a fairly popular procedure. With the help of this material, you can not only decorate the surface, but also level it. In addition, plaster compositions do not burn and do not support combustion, do not emit toxic substances, and are relatively inexpensive.

Important! Such work requires two people, as well as some experience - it will be difficult for a novice home craftsman to do everything perfectly smoothly.

Decorating the ceilings in an apartment with plaster is not possible when the ceiling has collapsed more than 5 cm. Too large a layer of material can significantly reduce the service life of the coating. In addition, the plaster "steals" the height of the walls a little.

Previously, the ceiling in the house was finished only with whitewash, but now there are other better quality ceiling coverings and their types. Nevertheless, this option is still in demand due to its versatility. The white surface will fit into any interior. In addition, the cost of whitewashing is the lowest of all finishing materials. The finishing process itself is also very simple, so you can save on the services of specialists. Of the shortcomings, it is worth noting the need for thorough surface preparation. Also, the whitewash tends to constantly crumble, so the surface needs to be regularly updated.

There are different options for finishing the ceilings in the apartment, but the wallpaper has not lost its popularity to this day. Almost any type of this material is relatively cheap, and even a novice craftsman can prepare glue and glue the wallpaper.

Paper wallpaper

This type of material is used extremely rarely. The ceiling trimmed with paper wallpaper will not last long, but it will take a lot of time and effort to equip it. Currently, these types of wallpaper are used to decorate children's rooms and other rooms where regular cosmetic repairs are required. This coating hides minor defects in the ceiling, is inexpensive and does not "steal" excess space. Among the disadvantages: short service life, the need for careful surface preparation.

Liquid options

These types of ceiling finishes are more preferable in the modern world. Liquid wallpaper hardens quickly, is easy to apply, does not fade under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and is durable. In addition, it is possible to replace the damaged area without removing the entire coating. It is important to remember that all these qualities apply only to materials made using a clear technology. Craft wallpapers may not have them. The main disadvantage is the high cost. Also poorly tolerates exposure to moisture.

Textile

How can you decorate the ceiling so that it is not like everyone else's? For lovers of everything original, there are the following options for finishing the ceiling: pasting with chintz, linen, silk, tapestry and special furniture fabrics. Burlap is also suitable for decorating the ceiling surface. Such methods of finishing ceilings will appeal to creative people who will independently select combinations, colors, patterns, and so on. If you involve professionals in the business, then the cost of the project can turn out to be very high. The main advantage is an exclusive appearance, disadvantages are a short service life and fragility of the coating.

Ceiling decoration in an apartment can also be done with textile or PVC products, which are pulled over the installed baguettes. The main advantage of such designs is a wide assortment: the market offers matte and glossy coatings, monochromatic and with various pictures, drawings, photographs. Such ceilings last 10 years on average.

Another advantage of this finish is that there is no need for careful alignment. The fact is that the products are mounted on the wall with an indentation, so the irregularities will not be visible. You can mount the material yourself.

On a note! The ceiling, which was finished with PVC film, will protect the apartment in case of flooding by neighbors or leaking roof, which is especially important for residents on the upper floors.

Of the shortcomings, it should be noted the need for preliminary arrangement of the lighting system, which may not be within the power of a home craftsman. In summer, due to extreme heat, the coating can sag, and in winter it can burst. In addition, such a structure is easily pierced with sharp objects and slightly lowers the height of the ceiling.

Dropped ceilings

These ceiling finishes have gained popularity due to their simple installation system. Suspended ceiling finishes are mounted on profiles fixed to the walls and ceiling surface. Therefore, no preliminary alignment is required, and the work is relatively clean.

Plasterboard

This is the most common type of ceiling decoration in an apartment. With the help of gypsum boards, you can arrange not only an ordinary ceiling, but also a multi-level structure or a niche. The plasticity of the material allows you to create bizarre shapes for various interior options. Of the advantages, it should be noted the ease of installation - even an inexperienced master can sheathe the ceiling with plasterboard. In addition, the material is relatively inexpensive.

Among the shortcomings, one can single out the "fear" of water. The product is destroyed very quickly under the influence of moisture. Before covering the ceiling in an apartment with plasterboard, you need to think over the lighting system and the thermal insulation layer. Another disadvantage is the need for subsequent finishing of the coating with putty and paints.

Tiled

This option for finishing the ceiling is considered one of the most affordable. For this reason, it is used in hospitals, offices and other buildings where practicality is primarily needed, and an attractive appearance is completely optional.

The installation of the material is carried out in this way: a mesh frame is fixed on the main covering, on which sheets of mineral fiber of various shapes are fixed.

The main advantage of this type of ceiling decoration in an apartment is the ability to disguise utilities under the slabs. In addition, the product is easy to replace if damaged. Tiles come in a wide range, so finding the color and texture you want is pretty easy.

Of the shortcomings, it should be noted not the most attractive appearance and fragility of the material. Like any other suspended structure, tiled - reduces the height of the walls, therefore, the presented version of ceiling decoration is rarely used in small apartments.

Cassette

This type of ceiling decoration is similar to the previous one. Only instead of fragile mineral sheets, durable cassettes made of metal or plastic are used. The advantage is that there is insulation between the sheets of metal, so that the entire installation process does not last long. The disadvantage of this type of ceiling is its high cost.

Rack and pinion

If you have a dilemma of what to make ceilings in the bathroom and kitchen, it is recommended to pay attention to this option. In this case, not tiles are installed on the frame, but long slats made of plastic, galvanized aluminum or wood. The result is an imitation of lining, although such a finish is much cheaper. Another advantage is the quick dismantling and easy repair of the material. Among the disadvantages can be noted a relatively short service life of the coating - on average 5 years.

Combined

Modern designers usually use several design options when creating a project for a home. Suspended and stretch ceilings are often combined, but any options are acceptable. Sometimes a mirror is installed in a niche of a drywall structure or a suspended ceiling is used as a border, and the main area is leveled with plaster and painted.

Glued ceilings

In this case, we are talking about a ceiling that is covered with tiles with one adhesive side. Such products are easy to install and are moisture resistant, and therefore have gained popularity among domestic users. Also, with the help of adhesive tiles, you can save on expensive stucco molding. The main disadvantage of this option is the need for careful leveling of the coating, in addition, the tile itself is very fragile.

Ceilings made of natural materials

Natural ceiling design options have been gaining more and more popularity lately. The fact is that every year new methods of processing and impregnating products are invented, which increase its performance.

Lining

Wooden lining is thin wooden boards or MDF boards. They are attached to the frame using self-tapping screws, nails or clamps. The main advantage of such materials is environmental friendliness, attractive appearance, durability and strength. Among the disadvantages is the need to use impregnation for wood and a limited color range.

Beams

This type of ceiling is more suitable for a summer residence or a country house. In the apartment, it will look out of place, although some lovers of everything natural find use for it here. The timber has all the features of the lining, but it lasts longer and is durable. Disadvantages: complicated installation, the need for ventilation. Before finishing the ceiling in an apartment or house with this material, it will take a long time to soak it with special compounds.

Cork ceilings are not widespread, but this material has some advantages: the presence of a wax coating protects the surface from water and dust settling, and also increases the service life of products. Among the shortcomings, one can note a rather complicated installation and a high cost.

When deciding how to finish the ceiling on the balcony, it is recommended to pay attention to the PVC lining. The resulting coating will be strong, durable; engineering communications and an insulating layer can be hidden under it. In addition, the material is available in a wide range, it is resistant to the development of bacteria, fungi and mold, ultraviolet radiation and so on. Moreover, such a ceiling is quite fragile, it is easy to damage it even by slight mechanical impact. There will be a specific smell in the room for several days after installation.

Multilevel structures

Such a ceiling can be decorated with any of the above finishing materials. It differs only in the mounting technology. In this case, we are talking about suspended structures that will be installed at different distances from the ceiling surface, drywall niches, multilevel stretch ceilings and their combinations with paints, plaster, and so on.

Repair in an apartment traditionally begins with finishing the ceiling. There are many ways to give your ceiling a fresh and stylish look, so choosing the type of finish can sometimes be difficult, especially if you are renovating for the first time. Our article will help you understand the features of different materials.

Repair and decorative finishing of the ceiling

Repair work should include the sealing of cracks, seams and joints, plaster and ceiling putty with its leveling. Depending on the type of further decorative finishing, the amount of repair work may be different.

Ceiling decoration methods can be divided into several groups according to finishing technology. The choice of materials for each group is quite wide, while the sequence of work is generally similar.

Ceiling repair technology

Repair work is carried out to preserve the heat and sound insulation properties of the floors, as well as to prepare the base for further decorative finishing. The table describes the technology for repairing the ceiling with a description of each stage. The need for each operation should be assessed after the choice of decorative finishes.

Table 1. Ceiling repairs prior to finishing work.

Stages, illustrations	Description of actions
	Ceiling repairs traditionally begin with the complete removal of the old coating. In new buildings with a rough finish, this stage is skipped. Whitewash and paint from the ceiling are removed with a spatula, angle grinder or a special wash. They clean the ceiling to putty or plaster, and in case of poor adhesion, to concrete. Wallpaper and ceiling tiles are removed, glue residues are cleaned. Suspended or hemmed structures are dismantled. The ceiling is washed with water and detergent added.
	There are often stains on the ceiling, for example from leaks. If you plan to paint the ceiling or paste over it with light wallpaper, the stains must be removed. For other finishes, you can skip this step. Rust spots appear, as a rule, when the reinforcement of a concrete slab is located close to the surface. They are cleaned with a solution of weak acids, later they must be puttyed to exclude the possibility of metal wetting during finishing. Grease stains can be easily removed with dish detergent or slightly alkaline solutions - soda, laundry soap. The solution is applied to the stain, wait a while and rinse off with water. Salt streaks are removed with a whitewash remover or table vinegar.
	To repair ceiling defects with plaster, it is necessary to expand the seams and cracks to a solid foundation. To do this, you can use a spatula or a hammer drill with a special attachment. Old plaster and putty are removed from the seams, crumbling edges are cleaned in the cracks. Check the strength of the plaster in the corners between the wall and ceiling, if necessary, also embroider them.
	Deep and wide seams and cracks must be foamed with a construction gun. To do this, after joining, dust is removed from them, moistened with a spray bottle and filled with foam to 1/3 of the depth. Once expanded, the foam fills the entire crack. The surplus is removed after the foam has completely dried - not earlier than in a day.
	With a shallow depth of seams and cracks, they are sealed with plaster or putty mixtures. Cracks are carefully treated with a deep penetration primer, dried, and then filled with a plaster based on cement or gypsum. The solution is used to fill the defects with a narrow spatula and level the ceiling surface with a wide one. Sometimes it is necessary to apply several layers of putty, while the maximum thickness of each of them depends on the selected mixture and, as a rule, is indicated on the package.
	This stage of ceiling repair is performed for painting or wallpapering. For leveling, a fine-grained gypsum-based finishing putty is used; in wet rooms, a moisture-resistant cement or polymer-based putty is required. The putty is applied to the previously primed surface of the ceiling using a wide spatula, carefully leveled and rubbed with a trowel or fine-grained sandpaper after each layer has dried.

Video - Plastering the ceiling with your own hands

Painting and whitewashing the ceiling

An affordable, cheap and very common method, suitable for any premises, including a bathroom and a balcony. Painting does not affect the height of the ceilings, therefore it is often used in old-style apartments - "Khrushchev" and "Brezhnev". The durability of the finish, depending on the chosen coloring composition and the type of room, is from 2 to 10 years.

Popular formulations:

chalk and lime whitewash;
water-based paint;
interior paints based on acrylic and latex.

Whitewashing compounds are notable for their low price and good environmental performance. Chalk and lime are natural materials and have a positive effect on the microclimate in the apartment. Whitewashing is not afraid of high humidity, the coating does not support combustion, after drying it has no smell. The solution can be tinted to any shade.

Unfortunately, this list of pluses of whitewashing is exhausted. The durability of whitewashed ceilings is not great: in rooms from three to five years, and in the kitchen - no more than two. Chalk whitewash is afraid of water leaks and dirt - and stains are formed, which can only be washed off with a layer of chalk.

Lime is more resistant, it can be gently wiped off with a damp sponge, but difficult stains cannot be washed off. Over time, the whitewash turns yellow and flakes, and the repair of the ceiling has to be done again, including the laborious preparation of its surface.

To prepare a ready-made whitewash solution from quicklime, it is quenched with water. This process requires special precautions, as it can be accompanied by a violent reaction, boiling water and splashing the mixture.

- a more resistant composition, it can be gently washed and small dirt removed, otherwise it does not differ from whitewashing. The water emulsion also turns yellow over time and becomes stained with leaks, flakes and crumbles after several years of use.

Modern interior paints based on acrylic and latex are more expensive than whitewash, but they allow you to get a sufficiently resistant and durable coating. The paint can be tinted in any shade, you can choose a matte or glossy composition. Using different rollers, the paint layer can be given the desired texture.

Before you start applying paint or whitewashing, you must complete. It includes removing old coatings, sealing gaps and joints, leveling and filling. Otherwise, the surface will turn out to be uneven - the paint does not hide the defects of the ceiling, and in some cases even emphasizes them.

Whitewashing and painting the ceiling is a great option for an inexpensive renovation. For rooms, it is better to choose water-based formulations, for the bathroom and kitchen - on latex, they absorb less moisture and odors and allow wet cleaning.

Whitewash prices

Pasting the ceiling with wallpaper or fabric

Another finishing method that does not affect the height of the ceiling, which is why it is used in the repair of standard apartments with small dimensions. used in dry rooms - the wallpaper peels off quickly from high humidity.

Preparing the ceiling for wallpaper must be very careful: remove old paint, seal joints, cracks and prime the surface to remove dust. The durability of such a repair depends on the selected wallpaper, for cheap paper it is 3-4 years, non-woven and vinyl can last more than ten years.

Types of materials for pasting the ceiling:

paper wallpaper;
vinyl wallpapers;
non-woven wallpaper;
silk or satin fabric.

Paper wallpapers are the cheapest on this list and can be smooth or embossed in texture and almost any shade and pattern. Due to their low weight, they adhere well to the ceiling and are easy to stick. However, their durability is not great; after a couple of years, the paper covering will fade and lose its appearance. In addition, thin paper wallpapers are unable to hide even small irregularities and defects, so the preparation of the ceiling for them must be very careful.

Non-woven wallpaper prices

non-woven wallpaper

Vinyl wallpaper is produced on a paper or non-woven base.

Two types of vinyl wallpaper are suitable for finishing the ceiling:

silkscreen- refers to smooth vinyl wallpaper and has a shiny smooth surface that imitates natural silk;
foamed vinyl- wallpaper with a relief pattern repeating the texture of different finishing materials - wood, stone, tiles or plaster.

Vinyl wallpaper has good moisture resistance and can be gently wiped with a damp sponge to remove dust and stains. Due to its denser structure, vinyl hides minor defects in the ceiling.

Non-woven wallpaper can be either colored or white. Colored ones are used as an independent finish, monochromatic white ones are used to give the ceiling a relief pattern, they are painted with any interior paint using a roller or spray gun. The advantage of these wallpapers is that they can be repainted up to seven times without wasting time and money.

Pasting the ceiling with natural silk or satin is not so common because of the high price of these materials. At the same time, fabric finishing allows you to create a unique stylish interior, so this method deserves attention. The fabric can be combined with other types of finishes, for example, with interior paint, gluing over certain areas or niches with it.

Note! In order for the wallpaper to stick well to the ceiling, it is necessary to use glue designed specifically for this type of material. You can also use an all-purpose adhesive diluted according to the instructions for this type of coating.

Ceiling tiles

- budgetary type of finish, allows you to get a washable ceiling covering, smooth or patterned. Ceiling tiles can be either white or colored, often in pastel shades, and their surface is rough or laminated. Due to its moisture resistance, the tiles can be glued in the bathroom and in the kitchen, as well as on the balcony. The durability of polystyrene tiles is from 2 to 10 years, depending on the operating conditions.

Ceiling Tile Prices

ceiling tiles

The surface of the sub-tiled ceiling must be free of old coating and dust. Cracks, defects and small irregularities do not need to be repaired, the tiles completely hide them. If the differences are significant, a leveling frame made of wooden slats is erected under the tiles or plaster is used.

The tiles are glued to a special glue - "Moment", "Titan" - or use liquid nails. During installation and adjustment, the tiles are easily cut with a knife. The joints of the ceiling and walls are additionally decorated with a ceiling plinth to give the finish to the finish. You can also use elements that imitate stucco molding - they will give the ceiling originality.

Note! Polystyrene is a combustible material, the use of tiles increases the fire hazard of the room. Therefore, when sticking, you need to pay special attention to the quality of the wiring and fixtures.

In you will find detailed instructions for pasting the ceiling with tiles! Tiling is one of the most popular ways to decorate the ceiling. It is economical and gives the room an excellent appearance. At the same time, it is not difficult to glue the tiles, but you can cope with the task on your own.

False and false ceilings

The main feature of this type of finish is the installation of facing materials on a special frame fixed to the ceiling. The false ceiling frame is attached directly to the floor slab using anchors or self-tapping screws. Suspended structures are mounted using guides installed along the perimeter of the walls and hangers fixed to the ceiling at a certain pitch.

Ceiling preparation for this type of finish is quite simple: you need to remove flaking elements and close up large gaps in order to preserve the sound insulation properties of the floors. When installing false ceilings, the level of the final ceiling changes by 2-5 cm, suspended ceilings lower it by at least 10-15 cm. The durability of the finish depends on the material and is at least 10 years.

The materials for the installation of suspended ceilings can be different, but the most popular are:

wood;
decorative panels;
drywall;
metal slats;
tiles of the "Armstrong" type.

How to make a frame for a false ceiling

Suspended ceilings are usually mounted on a frame made of metal profiles specially designed for this purpose. Profiles are distinguished by their purpose for guides, ceiling and wall. Connect them using self-tapping screws or special clamping devices. At the same time, the price of the finished frame turns out to be quite high, it is commensurate with the cost of the finishing material itself.

Prices for tiles "Armstrong"

tile "Armstrong"

In some cases, it is easier and cheaper to assemble a frame from a wooden block. The latter is used when decorating balconies and loggias, as well as when installing the frame directly to the ceiling. The frame requires a block of dry wood with a section of 40x60 or 50x50 mm, as well as wood screws and dowels.

Step-by-step instructions for installing the frame are given in table 2.

Table 2. Step-by-step instructions for making a frame for false ceilings from a wooden bar.

Stages, illustrations	Description of actions
	Marking is necessary so that the final ceiling is strictly horizontal. The easiest way to do it is with a laser level. It is fixed in one of the corners and a line is drawn along the light beam on the walls.
	Holes are drilled in the bar with a step of 40-50 cm, while the distance from the ends of the bar should be 5-7 cm so that it does not crack when fastened. The diameter of each hole is 2-3 mm, into it (hole) a self-tapping screw on wood, with which you will fasten the bar, must be screwed with effort. Apply the bar horizontally to the wall, aligning it with the lower edge along the drawn line. Using an awl, mark the attachment points through the drilled holes. Holes are drilled in the wall for dowels, they are hammered in and the bar is fastened to the wall with long self-tapping screws. If the walls are wooden, the block can be fixed with self-tapping screws without drilling.
	The runners on the ceiling are parallel to the short wall. The step of the guides is usually chosen within 50-60 cm, while the joints of the panels or boards should lie on the bar. If necessary, the step can be reduced. Mark the position of the bars on the wall rails. Measure the distance between the wall rails. It is better to do this locally, and not with a tape measure - this way the accuracy will be higher. Saw bars of the desired length, apply them to the ceiling and draw a line. Drill holes on this line with a pitch of 50-60 cm and fix a U-shaped suspension for drywall.
	They bring the bar inside the suspension and check the horizontal position using a hydraulic level, if there are irregularities, align it, and then fix the bar in the suspension using self-tapping screws. Thus, all the guides are fixed and the horizontal frame is checked again. Wall and ceiling guides are connected using corners and self-tapping screws. The free ends of the U-shaped suspension are cut or bent so that it does not interfere with the installation of the false ceiling. With the help of hangers, you can also fix the thermal insulation mats.

After installing the frame, you can proceed to the final stage of finishing - the installation of a false ceiling from the selected material.

Wood trim

Ceiling trim with natural wood is more often used in the country or in a country house, but it can also take pride of place in an apartment. Wood planks and panels can be used alone or in combination with other materials.

Advantages of wood ceiling trim:

environmentally friendly material;
high decorative properties;
easy installation;
can be painted with any kind of paints;
durability over 10 years;
when using special impregnations, it can be used in damp rooms and on the balcony.

Disadvantages:

fire hazardous material;
wood is susceptible to rotting and fungal attack, requires regular processing.

The wooden filing is mounted on a bar frame or directly on the floors. The boards are fixed with self-tapping screws or nails, the attachment points are later rubbed with special mastic or closed with strips.

MDF and plastic panels

Quite popular material for finishing kitchens, bathrooms, hallways and balconies. The range of decorative panels is quite large. They can be plain, colored, patterned or imitating natural materials - wood, stone, mosaic or stone.

Advantages of ceiling panels:

plastic panels are highly moisture resistant;
panels are easy to clean;
a large selection of colors allows you to choose the right decor;
they can be installed at any level by using wall profiles;
allow you to hide electrical wiring and ventilation ducts, as well as install built-in lights.

Disadvantages:

low-quality panels emit foreign odors;
plastic is flammable, emits toxic substances in case of fire;
the panels are quite fragile and easily damaged.

Panels are mounted on a frame or special guides located along the perimeter of the walls. They are connected to each other using the thorn-groove system, which makes the joints almost invisible. The service life of the panels is from 5 to 10 years.

Drywall

One of the most popular materials for false ceilings. With drywall, you can create bold designs and shapes, make multi-tiered shelves with built-in lighting and other decorative elements. After sheathing with plasterboard, the ceiling is putty and painted with interior paint or wallpaper.

Drywall prices

drywall

Advantages of drywall:

natural material, it does not have a harmful effect on the microclimate in the apartment;
with its help, you can quickly and efficiently level the ceiling without unnecessary dirt and dust;
under the clean ceiling, you can hide any communications, as well as sound and heat insulation materials;
you can make complex built-in lighting and lighting;
moisture resistant types of drywall can be used in the bathroom;
no complicated tools are needed for processing and installation.

Disadvantages:

the material is fragile enough and does not withstand impacts;
afraid of leaks, when wet, it exfoliates and collapses;
for the installation of complex structures and further finishing, the skills of painting and finishing work or the help of specialists are required.

Plasterboard sheets are mounted on a frame made of a bar or a metal profile, fixed to the walls and ceiling with self-tapping screws. Further finishing consists of two stages - putty and decorative coating. The service life of plasterboard ceilings depends on the type of finish, but the structure itself can last at least 25 years.

A suspended ceiling made of metal strips is a good choice for a loggia, kitchen or bathroom, as well as other rooms subject to changes in humidity and temperature. The slatted ceiling consists of aluminum strips mounted on rails. The strips can be one-color or interspersed with decorative inserts; built-in lamps can be installed in them.

Advantages of slatted ceilings:

high resistance to moisture;
aluminum does not corrode and does not lose its appearance for a long time;
the low weight of the structure allows it to be used for any floors;
slatted ceilings are easy to clean;
you can assemble a rack ceiling with your own hands.

Disadvantages:

the design of slatted ceilings is rather monotonous and does not fit into any interior;
if one of the strips is damaged, you will have to disassemble the entire ceiling to replace it.

The ceiling is assembled from separate slats on special traverses - slats with grooves for fastening. The traverses are fixed to the ceiling using adjustable hangers. The ends of the slats are inserted into the guides fixed to the walls - they cover the end cut. The service life of slatted ceilings is at least 10 years.

Ceiling "Armstrong"

It consists of individual tiles laid on a metal profile frame. Armstrong ceiling tiles have a standard size of 60x60 cm and can be made of light organic materials, as well as metal, glass or wood panels. Using this technology, you can create complex structures with built-in lighting, mirrors and stained glass windows.

Advantages of Armstrong ceilings:

do not affect ventilation and air exchange;
provide good thermal insulation and protection against acoustic noise;
a large selection of plates with different textures, colors and properties;
the frame elements are equipped with standard fasteners, thanks to which the ceilings are easy to install;
dismantling and replacement of individual plates is possible;
easy access to ceiling built-in elements for repair and maintenance.

Disadvantages:

Armstrong ceilings are difficult to install in non-standard rooms;
the design does not protect against leaks, and organic tiles can get wet and fall, so Armstrong should not be installed in the bathroom and toilet;
significantly lowers the level of the ceiling.

The Armstrong ceiling frame consists of profiles with standard fixings, making it quick and easy to assemble. The frame is attached to the ceiling using spring hangers, to the walls - with self-tapping screws. The tiles are placed inside the frame and simply placed in the cells. Due to the simplest design, Armstrong ceilings will serve you for more than 15 years, and individual elements can be replaced in a matter of hours.

Note! All suspended ceilings successfully hide irregularities and defects in the ceiling, communications and electrical wiring. Sound and heat insulation materials can also be hidden under them.

Stretch ceiling

One of the most popular ways to repair a ceiling is to stretch a special canvas over a pre-assembled frame. The result is an absolutely flat, smooth surface with the desired shade and texture. Stretch ceilings are durable and easy to use, they are suitable for any premises, you just need the correct selection of the canvas.

Canvases for stretch ceilings are:

based on PVC film;
fabric, made of polyester with polyurethane spraying;
from natural fabrics.

The latter type of stretch ceilings is rarely used due to the high price and complexity of installation. But ceilings made of specialized canvases are easy to install and operate. What material should you give preference to?

PVC canvases have a number of features, the list of advantages is quite large:

absolute moisture resistance and the ability to hold hundreds of liters of water during leaks;
due to antistatic properties, they do not absorb dust and odors;
not prone to condensation;
a wide range of shades and textures from matte to mirror finish allows you to choose the canvas for any interior.

They also have a number of disadvantages, as well as installation restrictions:

PVC canvases do not tolerate sub-zero temperatures, they crack and collapse;
they are easy to damage with sharp objects;
the width of the canvases is not great and is no more than 3.5 m;
special equipment is required for installation.

Unlike PVC canvases, fabric ceilings:

allow you to create a seamless ceiling up to 5 meters wide;
not afraid of temperature changes.

Cons of fabric ceilings:

cannot hold a large volume of water, collapse with strong leaks;
absorb odors, so it is better not to mount them in the kitchen;
the color palette is much smaller and the texture resembles a woven fabric.

Stretch ceiling installation

Stretch ceilings can be single-level or multi-tiered and, at the request of the customer, combine different colors and textures of the canvases. Sometimes additional effects are also used - photo printing, imitation of the day or night sky, water, and others. The service life of stretch ceilings is from 10 to 25 years.

Having chosen the method of finishing the ceiling, it is worthwhile to study in more detail the technology and features of the material you like. In most cases, ceiling repair can be done without the involvement of specialists, creating comfort and coziness in the house with your own hands.

Video - Repair of the ceiling in the apartment

To figure out how to give the ceiling a unique appearance and at the same time make it as reliable as possible, you need to figure out what methods of finishing the ceiling exist today.

The most commonly used ceiling finishes

To do this, it is necessary to consider in detail the materials used in this process, their technical characteristics and performance, in order to decide once and for all the question of how to decorate the ceiling in the room. If you have any questions regarding the features of certain samples, you can always turn to professionals for help, who are ready to provide photo and video materials for their installation.

Film-type stretch ceiling, as one of the finishing methods

Arguing about how you can decorate the ceiling in a room, we can say that the use of a stretch ceiling would be an excellent solution in this case. Their production is carried out using durable materials based on polymers represented by polyvinyl chloride film (PVC). As a rule, high quality stretch ceilings include exclusively environmentally friendly materials, and speaking of their technical characteristics, it is important to note that they are an excellent sound insulator, and are also resistant to fire and moisture.

Among the advantages of a stretch ceiling there are, for example, a rich selection of color shades, a variety of textures and reliefs, as well as a wide range of their applications. The warranty provides for a service life of 10 years, but in fact, stretch ceilings can last about 25 years.

As already mentioned, only pure materials are included in the composition of high-quality stretch ceilings, so such systems can be installed without any fear in children's rooms and bedrooms.

When deciding how to decorate the ceiling in a room using a tension structure, you should also remember that during its installation, a part of the height, equal to about 20 centimeters, will be hidden.

Ceiling decoration with plasterboard boards, cassettes and slats

Speaking about what modern methods of finishing the ceiling exist, it is imperative to mention suspended structures, which have gained no less popularity today than tension ones. This is due, first of all, to a wide range of their functionality. So, for example, a suspended ceiling is perfect if you want to hide some communications in a room, as well as eliminate visually noticeable defects or surface flaws. In general, the finishing of ceilings can be very different, which allows you to choose the right option for yourself.

The production of slatted and cassette suspended ceilings is based on zinc-treated steel or aluminum, and the material itself is of a fairly high quality. These designs have earned their popularity also due to their high aesthetic characteristics, a wide selection of color shades, as well as the ability to apply various images. The surface of the slats and cassettes is completely mirrored, which has a positive effect on the visual perception of the room, since its height visually increases. In addition, cassette and slat ceilings withstand high temperatures and high humidity well, so they can be easily mounted, for example, in a bathroom or in a swimming pool.

Among the disadvantages of such suspended ceilings are the low degree of sound insulation, the relative difficulty in the operation of communications located in the interceiling space, as well as a very high cost. Despite this, their advantages still outweigh the negative aspects: such ceilings are easy to clean and dismantle, they can also be used to create multi-level systems without any problems and use them to decorate arches in a room, and their service life is very long.

Ceiling finishing with lime, chalk or paint is an economical option

Many owners, in the process of choosing what to decorate the ceiling with, opt for traditional and economical ones. One of the most commonly used methods is surface whitewashing. It is only important to use this material in those rooms where there is no high humidity, that is, in corridors, utility rooms and other utility rooms.

The whitewash is based on a solution with a snow-white color, which includes lime or chalk. This shade can fit well into the interior of any character. However, do not forget that whitewashing loses its color intensity in excessively bright lighting. In addition, this finishing material does not tolerate moisture well and can be used in rooms with high humidity levels.

You can use ceiling paint as a substitute for whitewashing.

As a rule, these formulations include:

water dispersion paints;
water-based paints;
silicone paints;
latex compounds;
silicate paints.

So, for example, silicone paint is highly resistant to steam, which, accordingly, explains its high price. Typically, ceilings are painted in rooms such as a kitchen, bathroom, garage and other utility rooms. A wide range of color shades will allow you to decorate the interior according to your own design and give a particular room the desired design.

Considering the methods of finishing ceilings, one cannot fail to mention such an option as wallpapering the ceiling surface. Moreover, this procedure can be performed not only with paper samples, but also with vinyl or non-woven wallpaper. In this case, glue acts as a fastening element, but only paper and vinyl material can be covered with it, and this cannot be done with non-woven wallpaper. It is most preferable to use such a finish in those rooms where the humidity level is high, and it is not possible to apply other finishing methods.

So, we can conclude that ceiling decoration is a process that can be done independently, it is only important to strictly follow all the rules for their installation and comply with the necessary conditions characteristic of certain materials.

When it comes to decorating rooms, you have to take into account 2 weakly matching requirements - it is desirable that the cost of work (including the purchase of material) be minimal, but at the same time the quality should be at its best. In this article, we will dwell in more detail on the question of how to decorate the ceiling in the house and estimate the approximate costs.

What materials can be used

The most common are:

whitewash- can be considered yesterday, found only in village houses;
just stick the wallpaper- the most budgetary option, and there will be no problems with the selection of the desired pattern, today the choice is quite rich even in small towns;

Note! On the ceiling, or fiberglass-based wallpaper looks good. The latter differ in that they can be repainted several times.

ceiling painting the cost may even be cheaper than wallpapering. The paint will have to be selected taking into account the microclimate of the room and its purpose, more on that below;
plasterboard finishing allows you to eliminate a slight curvature of the base, you can also glue wallpaper on the gypsum board or simply paint the front surface of the sheets. A small disadvantage of using drywall can be considered that the height of the room will slightly decrease (by the height of the frame under the gypsum board), but the wiring can be hidden in the frame from the metal profile;

stretch ceiling- great looks, but you have to pay for it. Without a heat gun, its installation will be impossible, so the cost of materials will have to be added to the wages of workers;

in the question, how can you decorate the ceiling, Wall panels can be a real salvation. You can use both plastic and MDF panels, their front surface imitates the texture of wood, natural stone, or is simply painted in a bright color. This option is suitable both for a city apartment and for a country house (clapboard will be appropriate in it);

tiled ceiling- provides for gluing large foam tiles to the base. Styrofoam can be painted in the desired color;
cassette ceiling. It is more often used in offices, but sometimes it is also found in residential buildings;

Grilyato ceiling (lattice)- can be considered exotic, looks spectacular, just like cassette, it belongs to the class of suspended ceilings;

a group of false ceilings stands apart. They differ from suspended ones in that the elements of the crate are attached directly to the floor slab, that is, the loss in height of the room will be only a couple of centimeters. The same materials are used - drywall, cassettes, slats, plastic and MDF panels.

How much will it cost to finish the ceiling

In this matter, much depends not only on the cost of materials, but also on who will perform the work. We will proceed from the assumption that all work will be carried out independently, i.e. the cost of finishing = the cost of materials.

Wallpaper for the ceiling

There is a very wide range in cost here, gluing simple paper wallpaper on the ceiling will be cheap, but they will not look very impressive either. If we focus on fiberglass, then the price can hardly be called democratic, for example, for a roll of 1x25 m of Oscar Fliz fiberglass you will have to pay about 1,500 rubles.

And non-woven wallpaper Loymina Impress costs about 5000-6000 rubles for a small roll of 1x10 m. Among domestic producers, one can single out the Russian "Palitra" and "Erismann", the Ukrainian "Slavnyanskie wallpaper", "Crocus", "Sintra" , "Versailles".

The final cost of finishing must include the putty and base coat. When calculating the need for putty, you can focus on the consumption of 800-900 g / 1 m 2, so a 30 kilogram bag is enough for a medium-sized room. Its cost will be approximately 300-400 rubles.

The cost of a 5-liter can with a primer for wallpaper is 300-350 rubles. We will also add wallpaper glue to the final estimate, the price of the well-proven Cleo glue will be about 400 rubles for a 5400 gram pack, it will be enough for about 30 m 2.

As a result, the estimate for finishing the ceiling of a 4x5 m room will look something like this:

putty (starting + finishing) - about 500 rubles, consumption, and therefore costs strongly depend on the quality of the base;

a primer, which, in addition to the consumption of glue, will also serve as an antiseptic, preventing the occurrence of fungus - 350 rubles;

glue - about 600 rubles (if taken with a margin);
wallpaper - 1 roll of Oscar Fliz 1 × 25 m is enough - 1500 rubles.

In total, 2950 rubles will be spent on finishing, the amount is calculated taking into account the preparation of the base. It can be halved if you do not need putty and use cheaper wallpaper.

Ceiling paint

It is better to choose water emulsion from the whole list of paints, they dry very quickly, which is very important when working in the house. The following can be used to paint the ceiling:

silicone paints (the composition includes either silicone or acrylic + silicone). After application and drying, the paint layer firmly adheres to the base, it is not afraid of moistening and cleaning. Among all types of paintwork materials they differ in the maximum cost - in Russia the price of a 10-liter can of Caparol Capasilan is about 4000 rubles, in Ukraine, in the same packaging - about 2000 UAH;

Note! Manufacturers claim that the coating can withstand up to 5000 wet cleaning cycles. Considering that cleaning is unlikely to be done more than once a week, such a coating will look like new in 30 years. In addition, silicone paint can shrink narrow cracks (up to 2 mm).

latex - suitable for painting over wallpaper or on embossed plaster. Does not react to moisture in any way, resistant to abrasion. Latex provides flexibility and strength to the film after drying. The cost strongly depends on the manufacturer, for example, the Russian "Snow White" will cost 700 rubles for a bucket of 14 kg, but Symphony Euro-Life C will cost 2,100 rubles for 9 liters;

acrylic compounds - give a matte surface, water and abrasion resistance is also great. If you choose a domestic manufacturer, you can save a lot, for example, the Ukrainian "Olympic Farba" will cost 450-500 rubles / 5.0 liters. Given the low consumption, about 0.1-0.15 kg / m 2 goes for 1 layer, 1 can is enough for a room;

silicate paint - does not tolerate wet cleaning, but they lie perfectly on a damp wall, the coating does not swell, the paint does not peel off. It is rarely used in apartments; in terms of cost, it is worth focusing on 70-150 rubles / kg (the consumption will be approximately 0.8 kg / 1 m 2);
compositions based on PVA are the most budgetary option, even splashes of water should not fall on the coating;
mineral lime or cement-based. By and large - the same whitewash, practically not used in modern apartments.

Painting instructions require surface preparation, so add the cost of filler and primer to the estimate.

Plasterboard finishing and stretch ceilings

As for the choice of the manufacturer, Knauf in the Russian Federation has been holding a market share of about 70% for several years already; Compagnie de Saint-Gobain can be distinguished from foreign manufacturers. Domestic gypsum plasterboards (manufactured by JSC "Gips", sheets are produced under the TM "Volma") are comparable in quality with foreign ones.

The cost is also not much different. For example, a standard GKL 2.5x1.2 m Knauf will cost 220 rubles (thickness 12.5 mm), and the same Volm sheet will cost 205 rubles. The performance characteristics are about the same.

To install a gypsum plasterboard ceiling, you will need to calculate the need for UD, CD profiles, suspensions and fasteners:

the number of UD and CD profiles is calculated by the formulas: N UD = (P to / L p) x k, N CD = (N l x 3) -1;
number of fixing profiles CD N cr. CD = (L us / l-1) x N CD;
the need for dowels is determined by the dependence N d = (P k / m) + N cr. CD x 2;
self-tapping screws will need N c = (N UD + N CD) x 12 + N cr. CD x 2.

The following designations are adopted in the formulas:

P to - the perimeter of the room;
L p - the length of the profile (can be taken equal to 3.0 m);
k - coefficient taking into account the fact that part of the gypsum board will go to waste. For small rooms (up to 10 m 2) we take equal to 1.25-1.3, in other cases - 1.1-1.15;
N l - the number of sheets per room;
L у.с - the length of the narrow wall;
l - step between fasteners (taken in the range of 0.6 ... 0.8);
m is the step between the dowels (you can also take 0.6 ... 0.8 m).

As for the cost, 1 ceiling profile (dimensions 60x27 mm, length 3.0 m) will cost 76.4 rubles, and the guide - 49.5 rubles.

Such as stretch ceilings will cost you several times more than conventional classic repairs, also because all the work will be performed by a team of workers. In Ukraine, for a 4x5 m rectangular room, the cost will be about UAH 8-9 thousand. In Russia, the minimum PVC stretch ceiling is considered to be 350-360 rubles / 1 m 2, for a fabric ceiling - 650 rubles / 1 m 2.

Ceiling paneling

Sheathing the ceiling with PVC or MDF panels and clapboard is performed according to the same principle - first, the frame is assembled, and the panels themselves are already attached to it. The lathing can be assembled from a metal profile (the same one that goes under drywall) or from wooden blocks.

In the question of how you can decorate the ceiling, you need to take into account the purpose of the room, so it makes sense to focus on plastic in the bathroom, and there are no special restrictions in the living room.

The design of the lathing is a little simpler than for drywall, so calculating the need for materials is also simplified:

UD profile is attached along the perimeter of the room;
CD profiles are installed in one direction with a step of about 0.5 m;
fastening of the UD profile to the wall is carried out with a step of 0.5-0.7 m;
decorative corners are also placed around the perimeter of the room.

The cost of such a ceiling is low:

1 PVC panel "Sofito" 200x3000x8 mm costs 175 rubles, there are more expensive options, for example, lamination of the surface increases the cost to 215 rubles;
MDF panels are even cheaper, the same Kronospan offers a wide selection of MDF panels with imitation of wood of different species for 132 rubles / piece.

Summarizing

There are a lot of options for solving the question of how to decorate the ceiling in a room with your own hands. At the same time, performing work on your own allows you to greatly reduce the cost of finishing; by and large, you will have to spend only on the purchase of materials. When choosing, you should not chase the products of foreign manufacturers, Russian counterparts are often no worse, and the price difference is palpable.

The video in this article shows the decoration of the ceiling with PVC panels.

In the comments, you can consult on the choice of the type of ceiling finish in each case.