Compound sentence with a subordinate clause. Causal clause

In such sentences, the subordinate clause, as a rule, specifies the place, reason, purpose of the action, etc. Depending on the meaning of the subordinate clauses, various questions are posed, which, in turn, help to determine the meaning and meaning of the subordinate clause.

Type of subordinate clause	Question	Example
Time	When? Since when? How long?	When the time came, Ivanushka was sent to the service.
Places	Where? Where to? Where did it come from?	We rushed to where the voices were heard.
Conditions	Under what condition?	If you read a lot, you will know a lot.
Causes	Why? For what reason?	Our team took first place in the tournament, because they were preparing for the competition seriously.
Goals	What for? For what purpose?	In order not to get lost, I decided to return to the path.
Consequences	As a result of what, what happened?	The snow was getting whiter and brighter, so it hurt my eyes.
Mode of action.	How? How?	My peasant worked so hard that sweat rolled off him like a hail.
Measures and degrees	To what extent? In what degree?	The river is so shiny and sparkling that it hurts the eyes.
Comparisons	Like what? Like who? Than what? Than who?	The closer we got to home, the more anxious we felt.
Concessions	Despite what? Contrary to what?	Although it was a difficult job for him, he handled it flawlessly.

A complex clause can have not one, but several subordinate clauses: with homogeneous subordination, with consistent submission, parallel submission.

Punctuation marks in complex sentences

The comma is put

Separate the clause or separate it with commas:

We set off when the sun came up.

Between homogeneous subordinate clauses, if they are not connected by constructive unions:

We thought he'd be late that we cannot say goodbye to him.

When using compound unions because, because, because, instead of, while, after:

We sat at the corner of the bastion so that everyone could see in both directions.

No comma

negation + union:

He began to find out not what happened and who did it.

Subordinate clause = one union word:

He promised to return, but did not say when.

Before the subordinate conjunction of the word in particular, that is, namely, especially:

He was kind, especially when he found out about what had happened.

Before steady turnovers, whatever, whatever, whatever, as if nothing had happened ...

Complicated non-union sentences.

Unionless difficult sentence is a sentence in which simple sentences united with each other only in meaning and intonation.

Semantic relations between sentences	Punctuation marks	Examples of
Enumeration	Comma	1) The sky is clothed with black haze, 2) the month shines a little in the fog. (M. Lermontov)
Enumeration, but there are other punctuation marks inside the parts of a complex sentence	Semicolon	1) The road wound in front of me between dense hazel bushes, already filled with darkness; 2) I moved forward with difficulty. (I. Turgenev)
Reason (the second part indicates the reason for what the first says)	Colon	1) I could not sleep: 2) a boy with white eyes was spinning in front of me in the darkness. (M. Lermontov)
Clarification of the meaning of the first part	Colon	1) I ask you about one thing: 2) shoot quickly. (M. Lermontov)
Explanation of the predicate of the first part	Colon	1) I know: 2) you have both pride and direct honor in your heart. (A. Pushkin) Once everything became clear: they came to chew apples. I heard: apples crunched on someone's teeth. I got up and saw: one elk was grabbing apples ...
Time, condition	Dash	1) I went here - 2) the rye was starting to turn yellow. (M. Prishvin) 1) You will work until you sweat - 2) you will eat while hunting. (Proverb)
Reason (the first part indicates the cause of what is said in the second part, and the second part indicates the effect of what is said in the first)	Dash	1) The windows were thrown open - 2) the smell of pine trees entered the veranda. (V.Kochetov)
Contrast	Dash	1) Summer saves in - 2) Winter eats. (Proverb)
Quick change of events	Dash	1) The cheese fell out - 2) there was a cheat with it. (I. Krylov)

Task 13: Complex Sentence

With several clauses

Consistent submission
Ch. prev. - Come. I st - par. II Art.

He reached the last flight of stairs and saw (what?), that someone is sitting on the steps below the platform (what), to which his door opened.

Parallel subordination

· If you see him tomorrow, ask him to come to me for a minute.

Uniform subordination

· Olenin knew that it was dangerous in the forest, that abreks always hide in these places.

The sequence of sentences may vary.

Part 3

Using the read text of part 2, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks on a separate sheet: 15.1,15.2 or 15.3. Before writing an essay, write down the number of the selected task: 15., 15.2 or 15.3

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky: "There is nothing in life and in our minds that cannot be conveyed by the Russian word."

Give reasons for your answer, give two examples from the text you read. When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

You can write a work in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing a topic in linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of K.G. Paustovsky.

A work written without reference to the text read (not according to this text) is not evaluated. If the work is a retold or completely rewritten source text without any

comments, then such work is evaluated at zero points.

15.2. Write a reasoning essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “The letters, taking advantage of her blindness, were not taken out of the box - they were taken out of her soul, and now not only she, but also her soul has become blind and deaf…”.

Give in the essay two arguments from the read text, confirming your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the desired sentences or use quotations.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write your essay carefully, in a legible handwriting.

15.3. As you understand meaning of the word HUMANITY? Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: "What is humanity", taking your definition as a thesis. Arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) example-arguments, confirming your reasoning: one example- give the argument from the text you read, and second - from your life experience.

The length of the essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such a work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

PLAN OF COMPOSITION-DISCUSSION:

1) Formulation of the thesis related to the theme of the essay and the main idea.

2) Theoretically substantiated and confirmed by linguistic examples from the text for reading the answer to the question posed in the topic.

3) Conclusion (confirmation of the thesis).

OPTIONS FOR STARTING an essay-reasoning (THESIS)

1) a phrase belonging to the hero of the discussion;

2) own statement

OWN STATEMENT MAY BE FORMULATED:

1) With the help of a proposal stating the relevance of the issue under discussion (In our time, the problem is especially acute ... Or: The problem ... is relevant today)

2) USING STYLISTIC FIGURES:

Nominative sentences (Russian spelling. Principles of Russian spelling. What do these concepts mean?)

Pairwise connection of homogeneous members (Sounds and letters. How are these concepts related?)

Antitheses (Spelling and spelling error are concepts opposed to each other and closely related to each other)

Silences (Rhetorical question ... What is contained in it in fiction?)

A question and an answer to it

Rhetorical exclamation (How difficult it is, Russian spelling!)

3) With the help of proverbs and sayings (Everyone knows the saying "What is written with a pen, you cannot cut it out with an ax."

4) In the form of a small digression, which can lead to the problem of the text (Every person wants to be considered educated. One of the signs good education is the ability to write a letter correctly.)

Causal clause

A clause answering the questions why? from what? for what reason? and containing an indication of the reason or justification for what is stated in the main sentence; joins the main sentence with the help of unions because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because, because, etc. The cars turned on their headlights because it was already dark in the forest(Nikolaeva). I wanted to believe, because the books already inspired me to believe in a person(Bitter). The dogs climbed far into the kennels, since there was no one to bark at(Goncharov). On the lower floor, under the balcony, the windows were probably open, because female voices were clearly heard(Chekhov) (the subordinate clause contains a logical rationale for the intended conclusion made in the main clause, so the question can be posed not from the main clause to the clause, but from the clause to the main clause).

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M .: Education. Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A.. 1976 .

See what the "reason clause" is in other dictionaries:

A subordinate clause is a dependent part of a main clause in a complex clause. Example: Petya ran away from the lesson so as not to miss the concert. By analogy with the minor members of the sentence (definitions, additions and ... ... Wikipedia

The syntactically dependent predicative part of a complex sentence containing a subordinate union or union word. Vladimir saw with horror that he drove into an unfamiliar forest (Pushkin). To depict the feeling that I felt at that time ... ...

subordinate clause- lingual. A part of a complex sentence, syntactically subordinate to the main part (main sentence) and connected to it by a union or union word. Nth sentence of reason. Conditional nth clause ... Dictionary of many expressions

A sentence, the parts of which are linked by subordinate unions or union words. It is not a pity for the forces, if they give such results (N. Ostrovsky). The battle is won by the one who firmly decided to win it (L. Tolstoy). Submissive relationship… … Dictionary of linguistic terms

- (SPP) is a type of complex sentence, which is characterized by division into two main parts: the main and the subordinate clause. The subordinate connection in such a sentence is due to the dependence of one part on another, that is, the main part assumes ... ... Wikipedia

- (gram.). A clause is a subordinate clause that corresponds in meaning to different types adverbial words; therefore O. sentences are divided into as many types as circumstances (cf. ... ...

- (1) 1. Connecting union. Connects homogeneous members of a sentence or whole sentences. 946: She (Olga) speaks to them (to the Drevlyans): ... Give me 3 pigeons from the yard and 3 sparrows each. Pov. time. years, 42 (1377 ← early XII century). 1174: And by the way ... ... Dictionary-reference book "The Word about Igor's Regiment"

Adverb., Particle and union. I. adverb 1. interrogative. Indicates a question about the circumstances, image, mode of action: how? [Chatsky:] Ah! how to comprehend the game of fate? Griboyedov, Woe from Wit. How did this putty get into his pocket? Chekhov, Steppe. ... ... Small academic dictionary

- (gram.). Under the name S. (σύνδεσμος), the Greek grammars meant the part of speech that maintains the connection and the order of speech and fills in empty spaces in it. Thus, this term among the Greeks covered everything that we mean by the general term ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

1) what, what, what, what, about what, places. 1. interrogative. Indicates a question about an object, phenomenon, attribute, etc. What is he looking for in a distant country? What did he throw in his native land? Lermontov, Parus. What do you want: tea or coffee? Hey Afanasya, coffee for the doctor, yes ... ... Small academic dictionary

Subordinate clauses in Russian are dependent parts of the main clause in a complex sentence. That is, they play the role of secondary members of the proposal. Therefore, the types of subordinate clauses are subdivided according to the role played in the sentence. One question can be asked for the entire secondary sentence, just as it is done with respect to the members of the sentence.

The main types of subordinate clauses

Consider their four types: attributive, adverbial, explanatory and connecting. Examples can be given that represent all kinds of subordinate clauses:

The flowerbed, which was broken in the courtyard on the left side of the porch, resembled a reduced copy of the town - a kind of Flower Town from Nosov's fairy tale about Dunno. (Definitive).
And it seemed to me that restless and funny little ones really live there. (Explanatory).
And we do not see them because they are hiding from us underground. (Circumstantial).
But as soon as we leave somewhere, the little ones get out of their hiding places and begin to vigorously enjoy life. (Connecting).

Definitive clauses

These subordinate clauses in Russian determine the sign of one noun or sometimes a phrase consisting of a noun and an index word. They serve as answers to questions which? whose? which the? These minor sentences are attached to the main part with union words. whose, who, who, what, what, from where, where, when... Usually in the main part of a complex sentence there are such index words as such, everyone, everyone, any or that in various forms of childbirth. The following suggestions can be taken as examples:

Living beings, ( which?) who live on the planet next to people, feel a kind human attitude towards them.
Reach out your hand with food, open your palm, freeze, and some kind of bird, ( which?) whose voice can be heard in the bushes of your garden in the morning, will sit on your hand with confidence.
Every person, ( which?) who considers himself the pinnacle of the creation of the Almighty, must correspond to this title.
Whether a garden, a forest or an ordinary courtyard, (which?)where everything is familiar and familiar, can open the door for a person to wonderful world nature.

Additional connecting clauses

Interesting are the types of subordinate clauses that are not related to a separate word or a phrase, but to the entire main part. They are called connecting. Often, these parts of a complex sentence contain the meaning of the consequence, supplementing or explaining the content of the main part. Secondary sentences of this type are joined using union words where, how, when, why, where, what... Examples:

And only next to mom does any baby feel protected, what is provided by nature itself.
Caring for cubs, tenderness for their offspring, self-sacrifice is laid in the creature at the level of instinct, how every creature needs to breathe, sleep, eat and drink.

Explanatory clauses

If the author of the text wants to clarify, concretize any one word of the main part, which has the meaning of thought, perception, feeling or speech. Often these subordinate clauses refer to verbs such as say, answer, think, feel, be proud, hear... But they can also concretize adjectives, for example, satisfied or glad... It is often observed when these types of subordinate clauses act as explanations of adverbs ( it is clear, it is necessary, it is necessary, it is known, it is a pity) or nouns ( message, thought, statement, hearing, thought, sensation). Subordinate clauses are joined using:

Unions (to, what, when, if, like others);

Any union words;

Particles (union) whether.

Examples include the following compound sentences:

Have you ever observed ( what?) how amazing he plays sunlight reflected in dewdrops, insect wings, tiles of snowflakes?
Once such beauty, a person will certainly be incredibly happy, ( what?) that I discovered a unique world of beauty.
And it immediately becomes clear ( what?) that everything around was created for a reason, that everything is interconnected.
Consciousness will be filled with inexpressible feelings of joy, (what kind?) as if you yourself are a part of this amazing and unique world.

Subordinate clauses and degrees

The contingent clauses are subdivided into several subtypes. A group of dependent parts of compound sentences that relate to a feature or action, called in its main part, and designate its degree or measure, as well as an image, are referred to as subordinate clauses of the mode of action and degree. They usually answer the following questions: how? how much? as? in what degree? The design of the connection of the subordinate clause with main part looks something like this: full adjective+ noun + such; full adjective + such; verb + so... The joining of these subordinate clauses is ensured by the unions to, what, if or union words how much, so how much and some others. Examples:

The girl laughed so infectiously, so directly, that everyone else found it hard not to smile.
The ringing play of her laughter broke the tense silence of the room, as if unexpectedly multi-colored peas from a bag were scattered.
And the very face of the crumb has changed so much, as far as possible in this case: the girl, exhausted by the disease, could easily be called an adorable and absolutely healthy child.

Circumstantial clauses

These dependent sentences indicate the place of origin of the action, which is named in the main part of the compound sentence. Regarding the entire main sentence, they answer the following questions: where? where? where? and are joined by union words where, where, where... Often there are index words in the main sentence. there, everywhere, there, everywhere, everywhere and some others. The following examples of such proposals can be cited:

It is quite easy to determine the cardinal points in the forest more often there, where there is moss in the trees.
The ants were dragged on the backs construction material for their nests and food supplies from everywhere, wherever these hardworking creatures could get.
I am drawn all the time there, to the magical lands, where did we go with him last summer.

Circumferential clauses

Pointing to the time of action, these subordinate clauses refer both to the entire main sentence, and specifically to one predicate. To this type of clauses, you can ask the following questions: how long? How long? when? since when? Often there are index words in the main part of the sentence, for example: sometimes, once, always, now, then... For example: Animals will then be friendly with each other, (when?) when they grow up close to childhood.

Circumferential clauses, reasons, goals, consequences

If dependent parts complex sentences answer questions in what case? or under what condition? and refer either to the predicate of the main part, or to it to the whole, joining with the help of conditional unions time, if, if, if, when and how(in the meaning "if"), then they can be attributed to the clauses of the condition. Example: And even the most inveterate mischief turns into a serious and well-bred gentleman, ( in which case?)when he becomes a parent, whether it be a human, a monkey, or a penguin.
Questions because of which? why? for what reason? from what? subordinate reasons answer. Their joining occurs with the help of causal unions. because, because, because... Example: For a toddler in early childhood the parent's authority is adamant, ( why?) because his well-being depends on this being.
Dependent sentences indicating the purpose of the action named in the main part and answering questions for what? for what purpose? why? are called clauses of the goal. Their joining to the main part is provided by target unions. in order to, in order to (to)... Example: But even then you should accompany your requirements with explanations ( for what purpose?) then, so that a thinking person grows out of a baby, and not a weak-willed robot executor.
Dependent parts of the sentence that indicate a conclusion or result, denote a consequence arising from the above in the main part of the sentence, are called subordinate consequences and refer to the entire main sentence. They are usually joined by unions of investigation therefore or so, for example: Education is a complex and regular process, ( what follows from this?) therefore, parents should always be in shape and not relax for a minute.

Ad hoc subordinate comparisons

These types of dependent sentences in complex structures refer either to the predicate or to the entire main part and answer the question like what? joining comparative unions as if, than (by), as if, exactly... Subordinate clauses differ from comparative turns in that they have a grammatical basis. For example: Polar bear so funny fell on its side and lifted up its legs, as if this naughty boy is having fun in the sandbox with his friends.

Circumventional clauses

Dependent sentences in a complex structure, denoting circumstances in spite of which the action, which is indicated in the main part, has been performed or can be performed, are called subordinate assignments. You can ask them questions: in spite of what? despite what? and attach to the main one with the help of concessional unions though (though), let (let) that, for nothing, despite and some others. Allied combinations are often used: no matter how much, no matter how much, no matter how much, no matter how much and the like. Example: Despite the fact that the panda cubs had fun playing, their dark spots around the eyes gave the impression of a sad reverie.

A literate person should always remember: when writing, sentences that are part of a complex are separated by commas.

In Russian, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Their difference is that simple ones have one grammatical basis, in complex ones there can be two or more. In syntactic constructions, consisting of several parts, one of three types of communication can be used: compositional, non-union, or subordinate. Complex sentences with (grade 9) are the most extensive topic due to the number of meanings of the dependent part from the main one.

The concept of a complex sentence

A syntactic structure in which one part is dependent on another is called complex. It always has a main part (from which the question is raised) and a subordinate part. The sentences that are part of such a structure are combined or for example:

The boy realized (what?) That his deception was revealed(the main part - the boy understood, to which the subordinate clause is attached with the help subordinate union"what").
Rather than being second in Rome, it is better to be first in the province(under what condition?) (the main proposal - it is better to be the first in the province - is connected with the dependent union "what").
A wind blew from the north (what?) That made everyone button up their jackets(the main sentence - the wind blew from the north - is combined with the subordinate union word "which").

Depending on how the parts of a complex sentence are connected, they are divided into 4 types:

with the help of unions to, what, how, whether (I could hear the gate creak);
with attributive clauses, attached by union words which, which, whose, what, where other ( I bought the car I dreamed of for a long time);
with a connecting clause using union words why, why, why and what (In the evenings, mom bathed her son, after which she always read him a fairy tale);

We went up to the observation deck, from where the city was most visible

The last type of syntactic constructions are divided into types according to their meaning.

Types of clauses

In complex sentences, the dependent part that answers the questions inherent in the circumstances is called that. The following are adverbial. The table summarizes all their types:

time	as soon as the curtain went up, the orchestra began (when?)
places	they came home, where a hot dinner and a warming grog were already waiting for them (where?)
causes	the children laughed (for what reason?) because the dog got up on its hind legs and wagged its scanty tail
conditions	if you find yourself nearby, please come to us (under what condition?)
goals	I went to the store (for what purpose?) to buy bread for dinner
concessions	he kept silent (despite what?), despite the fact that the resentment against his friend was strong
comparisons	outside the window, something rumbled (how what?), like a distant thunderstorm
course of action	we did everything the way (how?), as indicated in the note
measures and degrees	the girl was so shy (to what extent?) that she would never have spoken to a stranger first
consequences	over the summer Egor grew up, so now he took second place in the ranks (in consequence of what?)

Complex sentences with clauses are connected by unions and union words, depending on the meaning they define.

Subordinate clauses and degrees of action

This type of complex sentences in its dependent part gives an explanation of how the action was performed or indicates the degree of quality of the attribute of the object that is being discussed in the main one.

In similar syntactic constructions to subordinate clause the questions are posed: "how?", "how?", "how much?", "to what extent?" other. The dependent part is related to:

A complex sentence with a subordinate adverbial of the course of action is always constructed in such a way that the main part is in front of the dependent one. If you swap them, then a different value is formed. For example:

The snow was so bright (to what extent?) That the eyes began to water after a few minutes outside.
The eyes started to water after a few minutes of being outside (for what reason?), Because the snow was so bright.

Subordinate tense

When the dependent part in indicates when the event took place, then this is a complex sentence with a contingent clause. In this case, the dependent part refers not to a separate concept, but to the entire main one, and gives answers to the questions "when?", "How long?", "Until when?", "Since when?"

They are connected with the help of temporary unions "when", "as soon", "barely", "bye", "as long as", "since" and others. In this case, the main sentence may contain words that have a meaning of time, for example, “then,” “after that,” “until then,” etc. For example, complex sentences with adverbial clauses from the literature:

On the day (when exactly?) When I made this decision, someone hit me on the shoulder in the Criterion bar (A. Conan Doyle).
Now sit here for a while (how long?) While I run off to have a bite (J. Simenon).

In such syntactic constructions, complex unions can be used, which are separated by a comma into two parts. In this case, one of them is in the main sentence as an index word, and the second is in the subordinate clause in the form of a union ( It has already been 30 years since he left his hometown.).

In the event that the index word is absent, the dependent part can be both before and after the main one, but in two cases it is fixed:

If complex sentences with subordinate clauses use conjunctions "how", "when suddenly", then they are after the main ( Lunch was already coming to an end, when suddenly another guest arrived).
If double conjunctions are used, such as “when… then”, “only… how”, “when…. then". In this case, the subordinate clause is in front of the main part, and the second fragment of the double union can be omitted ( When the first snow falls, the flock will move south).

In other cases, the place of the subordinate clause can change without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

Subordinate clauses

A complex clause with a subordinate adverbial clause (examples below) can indicate a place of action or its direction. It answers the questions "where?", "Where?", "From where?" and refers to specific word in the main part, which can be expressed in an adverb (there, there, from there, everywhere, everywhere and others).

Everywhere (where exactly?), Wherever you looked, there was water.
I come from there (where?), Where they never knew poverty.

The union words "where?", "Where?", "From where?" The dependent part in such syntactic constructions comes after the word being defined.

Clause clause

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses give an answer to the questions "under what condition?", "In which case?" Such syntactic constructions indicate the conditions under which the actions named in the main part are performed. In them, the dependent clause can refer both to the main part and to a separate predicate, and join using unions "if", "how" (in the definition of "if"), "if", "if" and "when" (in role "if").

A complex clause with a subordinate clause (the examples below confirm this) conditions can be found both before the main one and after it:

If you so want, be on this (on what condition?).
You can get a chance to win the lottery (in which case?) If you buy tickets regularly.
If you buy tickets regularly, you can win the lottery (the content of the offer has not changed from the rearrangement).

Often such syntactic constructions use unions consisting of two parts: “if… then”, “if…. so ”,“ if…. then" ( If it rains tomorrow, then we will not go for mushrooms).

Clauses of purpose

Goals indicate the purpose for which the action specified in the main part is performed. They provide answers to the questions "why?", "For what purpose?", "For what?"

Parts of such a syntactic construction are joined by the unions “so that”, “in order to”, “so that”, “if only”, “so that” and others, for example:

To get there faster, he quickened his steps (for what purpose?).
In order to be useful people, you need to work a lot on yourself (for what?).
I said this in order (why?) To annoy my father.

Complex conjunctions can be separated, then there is a comma between them. One part remains in the main sentence, and the conjunction “to” is in the dependent.

Clause reasons

Complex sentences with subordinate adverbial reasons indicate the basis of what is said in the main part. The dependent sentence is fully related to the main one and answers the questions "for what reason?", "Why?", "Why?" and is joined by unions “because”, “good”, “since”, “because”, “because” and others, for example:

Due to the fact that we rallied, the rivals could not defeat us (for what reason?).
She was sad (why?), Because autumn brought rain and cold.
We decided to take a break (why?), Because we walked for six hours in a row.

The clause in such syntactic constructions usually comes after the main clause.

Subordinate clause of the consequence

In complex sentences with similar subordinate clauses, the conclusion is indicated, which is made according to the content of the main part. It answers the question "what happened because of this?" The dependent fragment is joined to the main union "so" and always comes after it, for example:

The heat intensified (what happened because of this?), So they had to look for cover.
The girl started crying (what happened because of this?), So she had to give in to her request.

This type of construction should not be confused with subordinate clauses and measures in which the adverb "so" and the conjunction "what" ( Over the summer, he got so tanned that his hair looked white).

Clause of assignment

Complex sentences with these subordinate clauses provide explanations for events that occurred contrary to what was discussed in the main part.

They answer the questions "in spite of what?", "In spite of what?" and join the main part:

unions "though", "though ... but", "despite the fact that", "let", "let" ( There were big puddles outside, although it rained yesterday);
allied words with the particle "no" - "no matter how much", "no matter how much" "no matter what" ( No matter how much grandfather made a rocking chair, it came out lopsided).

Thus, subordinate assignments indicate why the action did not work.

Goals:

1. To acquaint with complex sentences with adverbial clauses.

2. To form the ability to distinguish between the types of subordinate clauses in meaning, issues, means of communication; simple and compound conjunctions in s / n sentences with clauses.

3. To cultivate hard work, independence.

Equipment: textbook “Russian language. Grade 9 ”, computer, projector, screen, handouts (test), handouts didactic material.

During the classes

I. Org. moment. (Instructions of the teacher organizing the work of the class).

II. Repetition of the material learned.

1. Working at the computer. (Performing tasks from disk, 2 students work in turn)

2. Theoretical questions.

What is the difference between a complex sentence and a simple sentence?

What types are complex sentences divided into?

How do complex sentences differ from compound sentences?

What types of complex sentences do you know?

What are complex sentences with relative clauses?

What are complex sentences with explanatory clauses?

3. Dictation. Write down sentences and build diagrams.

1) The ink penetrated so deeply into the parchment that the most cruel scraping could not erase the traces of the text.

2) Sometimes it is enough to wet the manuscript with one or the other chemical composition to bring out the bluish or reddish outlines of old text.

3) And before its invention, the materials that our ancestors used for writing were stone, clay and metal.

III. Preparing for the GIA. Test items from part B. (3 slides)

IV. Communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Today we will get acquainted with the types of adverbial clauses. Most adverbial clauses have the same meanings as the circumstances in a simple sentence, which means they answer the same questions and are divided into the same types.

Let's remember what kinds of circumstances do you know? (Mode of action, degree, place, time, condition, reason, purpose, assignment)

How do we distinguish between the types of circumstances? (For questions)

We will also distinguish the types of subordinate clauses by questions, as well as by alliances and union words, with the help of which they join the main sentence.

Study of theoretical material using projection on the screen. (From the training disc)
Study of the types of subordinate clauses according to the table of the textbook.

Consider a table.

Subordinate clauses

Mode of action or degree	How, how much, how much, what, to, as if, as if, as if, etc.	The girl spoke so well (how?) That no one had any questions.
Places	Where, where, from where	The travelers went to (where?) Where they heard the noise of the cars.
Time	When (when ... then), as long as, as soon as, barely, since (since), until (as long as), etc.	I will be back (when?) When our white garden spreads its branches like a spring. (S.A. Yesenin)
Conditions	If (if ... then), when, time, etc.	I'll come to you tomorrow (on what condition?), If you don't mind.
Causes	Because, because, because, because, because, because, because, etc.	The lamp needs to be lit (why?) Because it is getting dark.
Goals	To, in order, etc.	We walked across the field (why?) To take a shortcut.
Comparisons	How, what, what - so, as if, as if, exactly, etc.	Before the thunderstorm, it became quiet in the forest (how?), As if everything had died.
Concessions	Although, despite the fact that, albeit, no matter how	No matter how we hurried to the station, we still missed the last train (despite what?).
Consequences	So	She didn’t read anything, so she didn’t pass the exam.

How many subordinate clauses stand out?

What kind of subordinate clauses does not match a circumstance in a simple sentence? (Subordinate consequences)

3. Physical minutes.

V. Anchoring. Performing a tutorial exercise.

Write off with punctuation marks. Indicate subordinate clauses, as well as conjunctions and union words that attach the subordinate clause to the main clause.

1) Where there used to be the mouth of the river, the trail climbs ... up the mountain.

2) Wherever you look, there are hills everywhere.

3) When we reached the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

4) In the morning, as soon as we moved away from the bivouac, we immediately came across a path.

5) The sun must have disappeared behind the horizon because it suddenly became dark.

Vi. Execution of test tasks.

(Handout)

1. Find a complex sentence.

I was about to get up, when suddenly my eyes stopped on a motionless human image.
I looked: it was a young, beautiful girl.
She sat twenty paces away from me, her head down thoughtfully and her hands on her lap.
The far left bank was still sinking in darkness, and the darkness painted huge absurd figures there.

2. In which clause is the clause in front of the main clause?

It took me a while to realize what had happened.
Whether I can help you now, I don’t know.
The hostess asked us if we were really leaving tomorrow.
The apple trees were gone because the mice ate the whole bark.

3. In which clause is the clause inside the main clause? (No punctuation marks are placed.)

When she returned home, she thought that she would hardly be happy here and that going from the station is much more interesting than living here.
Without waiting for the opening, he jumped over the fence, pushed the lock aside, brought in the horse and himself tumbled into a hut full of sleeping people.
Approaching the courtyard Chichikov noticed on the porch the owner himself, who was standing in a green frock coat with his hand to his forehead in the form of an umbrella before his eyes.
It was still early, so early that the sun had not yet had time to rise above the thickets of honeysuckle and it was cool in the garden.

Vii. Lesson summary.

What did you meet today in the lesson?

What types of subordinate clauses stand out?

How to distinguish between these types of subordinate clauses?

VIII. Homework: p. 12, exercise 74 (handout didactic material).